2020年中考英语考点专练一 冠词(解析版)

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名称 2020年中考英语考点专练一 冠词(解析版)
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更新时间 2020-03-15 13:38:24

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2020年中考英语考点专练一 冠词(解析版)
一、教材重点回顾:
冠词( Article)是一种虚词,本身不能单独使用,通常放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义。冠词在英语中使用频率极高,历年中考单项选择或完形填空都涉及冠词的用法。
考查内容主要集中在不定冠词a/an和定冠词the的用法等方面以及不用冠词的情况。
一.不定冠词的用法
1.用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某种类,或用于首次提到的,一方不知道的人或物前。
A plane goes faster than a train. 飞机比火车快。
2.表示”一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强。
There are sixty minutes in an hour. 一小时有六十分钟。
3.序数词前加不定冠词a/an表示“另一个" 成“又一个"的含义。
Would you like a second cup of tea? 你想再要杯茶吗?
4.用于单数可数名词前,泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。
He works in a London university. 他在伦敦的一所大学工作。
A girl is waiting for you at the school gate. 在学校大门口,有个女孩在等你。
5.放在表示时间,速度、价格,重量等意义的名词之前,有“每,每一“之意。
He is driving a car at 80 kilometers an hour. 他以时速八十公里的速度开着车。
He goes hack home trice a month. 他每月国家两次。
二、定冠词的用法
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,常用在有定语修饰的名词前。
The students in the room are all from Shanghai. 那个房间里的学生都来自上海。
2.用于上文提到过的人或物前。
He lives on a farm. The farm is not big. 他住在农场。那农场不大。
3.用于说话双方都知道的人或物前。
Please open the door! 请把门打开!
4.用于世界上独一无二的事物名称前。
The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。
5.用于形容词最高级和序数词前。
The third picture is the most beautiful. 第三幅画最好看。
6.用在江河、海祥山脉、期泊、群岛等地理专有名词前。
the Red Sea红海 the Yellow River 黄河
7.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
the Great Wall 长城 the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国
8.用在表示方位的名词前。
Shanghai is in the eat of China. 上海在中国的东部。
9.用在乐器名词前。
He can play the violin well. 他小提琴拉得很好。
10.定冠词的其他用法。
(1)和某些形容词连用,表示某一类人或事物。
The poor are against the plan, but the rich are for it. 穷人们反对这个计划,但富人们拥护。
(2)用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妇二人。
The Zhangs were having dinner when I came in. 当我进来时,张家人正在吃饭。
(3)" the +形容词/副词比较级,the +形容词/副词比较级”表示.“越.......越……”。
The sooner, the better. 越快越好。
三.不用冠词的情况
1.专有名词前或抽象名词、物质名同用来表示一般概念时。
Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
Paper is made from wood 纸是木头做的。
2.在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。
Bikes are useful. 自行车很有用。
3.名词前如果有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰时。
Which book would you like? 你想要哪本书?
4.表示三餐、球类、棋类、游戏、季节、月份、星期、语言、学科的名词前。
Summer comes after spring. 春去夏来。
5.节日的名称前。
National Day国庆节 Children's Day儿童节 Dragon- Boat Festival 端午节
6.家庭成员的名称、称呼语职位或头衔前。
Father is on business in Shanghai 爸爸在上海出差。
7.在与by连用的交通工具名称前。
We often come to school by bus. 我们经常乘公交车上学。
二、中考考点梳理
1.不定冠词的特殊结构。
(1)一些表示数量的词组中
a pair of 一对,双 a few 些,少量 a number of许多,大量
a bit(of)有一点,会儿 a little 一点,少许 a piece of 一块(张.....)
a lot of许多,大量
(2)have/take +a+ 抽象名词,与该名词的动词同义。
have a swim - swim have a walk - walk have a try - try
have a look- look have a talk - talk have a rest- rest
(3 )其他固定搭配
in a hurry 匆忙,很快地 have a good time 玩得高兴
for a long time 很长时间 make a face 扮鬼脸
in a/one word 总之/一句话 go for a walk 去散步
make a living 谋生 as a matter of fact 事实上
have a cold fever/ toothache/ stomachache ..感冒/发烧/牙疼/胃.....
【特别提示】
●不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。
记忆小窍门: 不看字母看读音, 不见“原音(元音)"别施“恩(n)”。
a university 一所大学 a useful book 一本有用的书
a European country 一个欧洲国家 an umbrella 一把伞
an hour 一个小时 an island 一个岛屿
an answer 一个答案 an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩
含有the的常考词组。
in the daytime 在白天 at the beginning of . 开始时
in the middle of . 中间 in the end 终于
in the beginning 在开始时 by the way 顺便说一说
the same as 一样 in/at the front of 在某物(内部)的前面
on the right/left 在右边/左边 the day before yesterday前天
the day after tomorrow 后天 on the night of 在…的夜晚
at the same time 同时 on the other hand 另一方面
3.某些常用的不用冠词的固定短语。
on foot 步行
in fact 事实上
in time 及时
on time 准时
at noon 在中午
by hand 用手工
day and night 日日夜夜
hand in hand 手牵手
in danger 处于危险之中
go to bed 上床睡觉
【特别提示】
·当表示某一类人或事物时,有三种表达方式:
The horse is a useful animal.
A horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。
Horses are useful animals.
冠词除了常与名词连用之外,它有时也可以放在某些不定代词之前。如a few, a little中的few和little是不定代词,再如a black one,the bigger one中的one也是不定代词;前面也讲到了定冠词the可以与某些形容词连用表示一类人的情况,这些都是中考常考的知识点,同学们务必要多加注意。
典例分类
(2019重庆A卷)One of his daughter became ______ English teacher last August.
a B. an C.the D./
2.(2019山东青岛)Qingdao is a beautiful city that lies in ______ east of China.
A. an B. / C. the D. a
3.(2019山东临沂)Berlin is _________capital of Germany.
A./ B. a C. the
4.(2019浙江温州)---Peter, shall we go for a picnic this Sunday ?
---OK. Let’s add it to _____ weekend plan.
a B.an C.the D./
5.(2019天津) I’m going to have picnic on Sunday.
A.the; an B. an; the C.a; / D.an; /
6.(2019重庆B卷)Chongqing has become ______ hot city for tourists.
7.(2019江苏宿迁) Daniel had _______egg, apiece of bread and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
8.(2019甘肃庆阳)The man is driving at 40 kilometres_________ hour.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
9.(2019江苏连云港)If you want to take _______short ride in the city, choose _______shared bike.
A. a;/ B. the; the C. a; a D./; a
10.(2019山东滨州)Song of Youth is such ___________fantastic film that I have seen it twice.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
11.(2019甘肃敦煌市)Lily practices playing____piano after school every day.
A.a B.an C./ D.the
12.(2019湖北咸宁)---Do you know 2019 is the year of the Pig?
---Sure. The pig is____twelfth sign in the Chinese zodiac cycle(生肖).
A. a B.an C. the D./
二、易混易错点拨
1.(2019四川达州)---Mike! Our country is building the third aircraft carrier(航空母舰)Xinhua News Agency
reported last month.
----What _____ unusual thing! I’m proud _____it.
a; of B.an; of C.the; in D./; in
2.(2019四川南充)---Jack, you missed __________"U" in __________word "usually". ---Sorry, Sir.
A. a; the B. an; the C. a; a D. the; the
3.(2019四川凉山州) Laura is _ _ 11-year-old girl. She is good at playing guitar.
A. /; a B. an; / C. an; the D. a; an
4.(2019江苏泰州)As _______volunteer at the Beijing Expo 2019 (园艺博览会), Lu Ming understands _____idea of green life better than before.
A. a; an B. a; the C. the; an D. the; the
5.(2019四川内江)---What________ useful book it is!
---Yeah, it tells you how to play the guitar.
an   B.a   C.the   D./
6.(2019四川眉山)--- Do you know how to spell word “expensive” in English?
--- Yes. It begins with “e”.
/;a B.a;an C.the ;an D.a;the
7.(2019内蒙呼和浩特)We usually go swimming in_____ summer. But in ______summer of 2018,we didn’t.
A. /;/ B.a;a C./;the D.a;/
8.(2019黑龙江绥化) “______ apple a day keeps the doctor away “ is ____ useful saying.
A.An;an B,An; a C.A; a
9.(2019黑龙江齐齐哈尔)---You’ve dropped _____ “f” in the word “ giraffe”.
----Oh, _____ letter “f” should be doubled.
A.a,a B.a; the C.an; the
10.(2019贵州铜仁)China is ___ Asian country while England is ___ European country.
A. an; an B. a; a C. an; a D. a; an
1.(2019贵州黔西南)National Day is on _____ first day in ______ October.
A.a; the B.the; a C.the; 不填 D.a; 不填
2.(2019广西河池)We often have three meals _____ day. And we usually have _____ breakfast at 8:00 every morning.
A.a, the B.a,a C.a,/ D./,the
3.(2019广西百色)Mike is from _____ English-speaking country.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
4.(2019广西防城港)I usually have ______ egg and some bread for breakfast.
A.a B.an C.the D./
5.(2019广西玉林)---_____ Smiths are used to living in Shanghai now.
---We hope more and more foreign friends live _____ better life in China.
A./;a B. The; an C./; the D.The; a
6.(2019海南)Chinese learning is popular with people all over ____ world.
A.a B./ C.the
7.(2019青海)After she passed the entrance examination. She finally became ____ university student.
A.a B.an C.the
8.(2019江苏南通)Sandy is Australian girl, she came to China for travelling with her parents last week.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
9.(2019甘肃天水) ---You’ve dropped “S” in the word “necessary”.
---Oh, letter “s” is doubled.
A. a; a B. a; the C. an; the D. the; the
10.(2019甘肃定西)Lily practices playing _____ piano after school every day.
A.a B.an C./ D.The
11.(2019贵州安顺)---Look! Who's _______ girl in a red skirt over there?
----Oh, she is my sister, Kate. She is ________ honest girl.
that, a B. this, the C. this, a D.that, an
12.(2019黑龙江龙东地区)My cousin bought _____ useful book for me, but I’ve read ____ book before.
A.a;the B.an; a C.an; the
13.(2019四川广元) Let’s play __________ volleyball.
A. / B. the C. a
14.(2019四川德阳)I enjoy having__________breakfast with my family at home. It makes me feel relaxed.
A.a B.an C.the D./
15.(2019四川遂宁)Beijing is _____ capital of China, it has _____ long history.
A.the; an B.a; a C.the; a D.the; /
参考答案
典例分类
(2019重庆A卷)One of his daughter became ______ English teacher last August.
a B. an C.the D./
【答案】B
【解析】这是考查不定冠词的用法。不定冠词用于单数可数名词前,泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。又English是以元音音素开头的,故用an。
2.(2019山东青岛)Qingdao is a beautiful city that lies in ______ east of China.
A. an B. / C. the D. a
【答案】C
【解析】考查定冠词的用法。在表示方位的名词前要用定冠词the。
3.(2019山东临沂)Berlin is _________capital of Germany.
A./ B. a C. the
【答案】C
【解析】考查定冠词的用法。特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,特指柏林是德国的首都城市。
4.(2019浙江温州)---Peter, shall we go for a picnic this Sunday ?
---OK. Let’s add it to _____ weekend plan.
a B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【解析】考查定冠词的用法。用于说话双方都知道的人或物前,表示这个周末计划是说话双方都知道的。
5.(2019天津) I’m going to have picnic on Sunday.
A.the; an B. an; the C.a; / D.an; /
【答案】C
【解析】考查不定冠词的用法和不用冠词的情况。Have a picnic 是不定冠词a的固定搭配用法。另外就是在表示季节、月份、星期的名词前不用冠词。
6.(2019重庆B卷)Chongqing has become ______ hot city for tourists.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】A
【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。表示”一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强。
7.(2019江苏宿迁) Daniel had _______egg, apiece of bread and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】B
【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。表示”一”这个数量。又Egg是以元音音素开头的,故用an。
8.(2019甘肃庆阳)The man is driving at 40 kilometres_________ hour.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】B
【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。不定冠词放在表示时间,速度、价格,重量等意义的名词之前,有“每,每一“之意。又hour是以元音音素开头的,故用an。
9.(2019江苏连云港)If you want to take _______short ride in the city, choose _______shared bike.
A. a;/ B. the; the C. a; a D./; a
【答案】C
【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。用于单数可数名词前,泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。
10.(2019山东滨州)Song of Youth is such ___________fantastic film that I have seen it twice.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】A
【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。表示“一”这个数量。
11.(2019甘肃敦煌市)Lily practices playing____piano after school every day.
A.a B.an C./ D.the
【答案】D
【解析】考查定冠词的用法。西洋乐器前面要加冠词the。
12.(2019湖北咸宁)---Do you know 2019 is the year of the Pig?
---Sure. The pig is____twelfth sign in the Chinese zodiac cycle(生肖).
A. a B.an C. the D./
【答案】C
【解析】考查定冠词的用法。用于形容词最高级和序数词前一定要加the。
二、易混易错点拨
1.(2019四川达州)---Mike! Our country is building the third aircraft carrier(航空母舰)Xinhua News Agency
reported last month.
----What _____ unusual thing! I’m proud _____it.
a; of B.an; of C.the; in D./; in
【答案】B
【解析】考查不定冠词的用法和固定短语搭配。不定冠词放在单数可数名词前表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强。又unusual是以元音音素开头的,所以用an。后面一空短语的固定搭配 be proud of以……为自豪。
2.(2019四川南充)---Jack, you missed __________"U" in __________word "usually". ---Sorry, Sir.
A. a; the B. an; the C. a; a D. the; the
【答案】A
【解析】考查不定冠词和定冠词的用法。不定冠词放在单数可数名词前表示“一”这个数量。但是字母 “U”是以辅音音素/j/开头的,所以不能用an,而只能用a。很多的学生看到是元音字母U,不加思索地填了an是不对的。这也常见的易错题了。而第二空填入the来特指usually这个单词。
3.(2019四川凉山州) Laura is _ _ 11-year-old girl. She is good at playing guitar.
A. /; a B. an; / C. an; the D. a; an
【答案】C
【解析】考查不定冠词的用法和不用冠词的情况。不定冠词放在单数可数名词前表示“一”个11岁的女孩。eleven明显是以元音音素开头的,所以得用an。很多的学生看到的是数字形式的11,没有反应过来就填入了a就大错特错了。而第二空是西洋乐器前面一定要用the的。
4.(2019江苏泰州)As _______volunteer at the Beijing Expo 2019 (园艺博览会), Lu Ming understands _____idea of green life better than before.
A. a; an B. a; the C. the; an D. the; the
【答案】B
【解析】考查不定冠词和定冠词的用法。不定冠词放在单数可数名词volunteer 前表示“一”名志愿者。第二空表示陆明他更好地明白了绿色生活这个主意,特指这个绿色生活的主意的。
5.(2019四川内江)---What________ useful book it is!
---Yeah, it tells you how to play the guitar.
an   B.a   C.the   D./
【答案】B
【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。这里主要考查学生对于单词是元音音素还是辅音音素开头的掌握情况。Useful虽然是以元音字母 u开头的,但是它的发音却是以辅音音素开头的,所以只能用a。
6.(2019四川眉山)--- Do you know how to spell word “expensive” in English?
--- Yes. It begins with “e”.
/;a B.a;an C.the ;an D.a;the
【答案】C
【解析】考查不定冠词和定冠词的用法。第一空特指“expensive”这个单词,第二空很明显元音字母 e也是以元音音素开头的,所以选 C。
7.(2019内蒙呼和浩特)We usually go swimming in_____ summer. But in ______summer of 2018,we didn’t.
A. /;/ B.a;a C./;the D.a;/
【答案】C
【解析】考查定冠词的用法和不用冠词的情况。季节、月份、星期等的名词前不用冠词,而后面是空是特指的2018年的夏天必须要加the。
8.(2019黑龙江绥化) “______ apple a day keeps the doctor away “ is ____ useful saying.
A.An;an B,An; a C.A; a
【答案】B
【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。考查学生对于单词是元音音素还是辅音音素开头的掌握情况。apple是元音音素开头用an, useful是辅音音素/j/开头,所以用a。
9.(2019黑龙江齐齐哈尔)---You’ve dropped _____ “f” in the word “ giraffe”.
----Oh, _____ letter “f” should be doubled.
A.a,a B.a; the C.an; the
【答案】C
【解析】考查不定冠词和定冠词的用法。第一次提到某人或某物用a/an,第二次提到用the。而f是以元音音素开头的,所以选 C。
10.(2019贵州铜仁)China is ___ Asian country while England is ___ European country.
A. an; an B. a; a C. an; a D. a; an
【答案】C
【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。考查学生对于单词是元音音素还是辅音音素开头的掌握情况。Asian是元音音素开头的,而European是以辅音音素开头的。所以选 C。
1.(2019贵州黔西南)National Day is on _____ first day in ______ October.
A.a; the B.the; a C.the; 不填 D.a; 不填
【答案】C
【解析】考查定冠词的用法和不用冠词的情况。序数词前一定用the,表示季节、月份、星期的名词前不用冠词。
2.(2019广西河池)We often have three meals _____ day. And we usually have _____ breakfast at 8:00 every morning.
A.a, the B.a,a C.a,/ D./,the
【答案】C
【解析】考查不定冠词的用法和不用冠词的情况。a放在表示时间,速度、价格,重量等意义的名词之前,有“每, 每一“之意; 饭餐名词前不用冠词。
3.(2019广西百色)Mike is from _____ English-speaking country.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
【答案】C
【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。a/an放在单数可数名词前表示泛指一个人或事物。元音音素开头的用an。
4.(2019广西防城港)I usually have ______ egg and some bread for breakfast.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】B
【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。a/an放在单数可数名词前表示数量一个。元音音素开头的用an。
5.(2019广西玉林)---_____ Smiths are used to living in Shanghai now.
---We hope more and more foreign friends live _____ better life in China.
A./;a B. The; an C./; the D.The; a
【答案】D
【解析】考查定冠词和不定冠词的用法。the用在姓氏的复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妇二人;a/an放在单数可数名词前表示数量一个。
6.(2019海南)Chinese learning is popular with people all over ____ world.
A.a B./ C.the
【答案】C
【解析】考查定冠词的用法。All over the world 全世界,是固定搭配的用法。
7.(2019青海)After she passed the entrance examination. She finally became ____ university student.
A.a B.an C.the
【答案】A
【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某种类。另university是辅音音素开头的,所以用a。
8.(2019江苏南通)Sandy is Australian girl, she came to China for travelling with her parents last week.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】B
【解析】考查不定冠词的用法。用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某种类。另Australian是元音音素开头的,所以用an。
9.(2019甘肃天水) ---You’ve dropped “S” in the word “necessary”.
---Oh, letter “s” is doubled.
A. a; a B. a; the C. an; the D. the; the
【答案】C
【解析】考查不定冠词和定冠词的用法。第一次提到某人或某物用a/an,第二次提到用the。而s是以元音音素开头的,所以选 C。
10.(2019甘肃定西)Lily practices playing _____ piano after school every day.
A.a B.an C./ D.The
【答案】D
【解析】考查定冠词的用法。西洋乐器前面一定要加定冠词the的。
11.(2019贵州安顺)---Look! Who's _______ girl in a red skirt over there?
----Oh, she is my sister, Kate. She is ________ honest girl.
that, a B. this, the C. this, a D.that, an
【答案】D
【解析】考查不定冠词和定冠词的用法。特指那个穿红裙子的女孩用the。用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某种类要用a/an, 而honest是以元音音素开头的,所以选 D。
12.(2019黑龙江龙东地区)My cousin bought _____ useful book for me, but I’ve read ____ book before.
A.a;the B.an; a C.an; the
【答案】A
【解析】考查不定冠词和定冠词的用法。第一次提到某人或某物用a/an,第二次提到用the。所以选 A。
13.(2019四川广元) Let’s play __________ volleyball.
A. / B. the C. a
【答案】A
【解析】考查不用冠词的情况。表示三餐、球类、棋类、游戏、季节、月份、星期、语言、学科的名词前不用任何冠词。
14.(2019四川德阳)I enjoy having__________breakfast with my family at home. It makes me feel relaxed.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】D
【解析】考查不用冠词的情况。表示三餐、球类、棋类、游戏、季节、月份、星期、语言、学科的名词前不用任何冠词。
15.(2019四川遂宁)Beijing is _____ capital of China, it has _____ long history.
A.the; an B.a; a C.the; a D.the; /
【答案】C
【解析】考查定冠词和不定冠词的用法。特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,特指北京是中国的首都城市。不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示“一”这个数量。