2020版高考英语三轮专题复习 第三部分 语法基础练+规范练

基础练
(一)时态和语态
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·江西南昌一模)At a young age, he ______ (move) to Spain and now plays professionally for the FC Barcelona.
moved　[根据时间状语at a young age可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。]
2．(2019·浙江金华十校模拟)Doctors and scientists ______ (learn) a great deal about sleep in the last thirty years.
have learned　[根据in the last thirty years可知，本句应用现在完成时。]
3．(2019·合肥第一次检测)It’s fun for amateurs to try, but to become good at it, not only years of practice but also natural talent ______ (need)．
is needed　[考查主谓一致和被动语态。“not only...but also...”作主语，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则，故此处谓语动词应用单数。natural talent与动词need之间是动宾关系，故用is needed。]
4．(2019·石家庄质量检测)A newborn baby would ______ (dress) in a gown for his first year or two.Then he was “breached(穿裤礼)” and wore articles of clothing like shorts.The usual custom is that a boy graduates to trousers around eight years old.
be dressed　[考查语态。名词baby和dress之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。]
5．(2019·郑州第二次质量预测)A group of people paraded(游行) through the village, two of them dressed as a lion, going into every home to perform a song for good fortune.I ______ (attract) by this and followed the group, taking photos to share with my family.
was attracted　[考查动词的时态和语态。该句主语I和动词attract之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；该句叙述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。]
6．(2019·武汉武昌区调研)As a foreigner, I __________ (absorb) and charmed by the genuine warmth of welcome and unique culture during the trip.
was absorbed　[考查动词时态和语态。此处描述当时旅行的情景，故应用一般过去时；由语境可知，作者被吸引住了，故应用被动语态。]
7．(2019·河北七所名校联考)The market, which ______ (call) Train Night Market Ratchada in English, was opened in January 2015 and has become a popular spot for locals and tourists.
is called　[考查动词的时态和语态。定语从句说的是现在的客观事实，应该用一般现在时；which(指代The market)与call之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。]
8．(2019·武汉武昌区调研)This medicine ______ (taste) terrible. I hate it.
tastes　[由整句语境可知，此处为一般现在时，表示对客观事实的描述。此处taste为系动词，表示事物本身具有的性质时不使用被动语态。]
9．(2019·江西南昌一模)John, as well as the other children who have no parents ______ (take) good care of in the city now.
is being taken　[由now可知此处应为现在进行时，表示该动作正在进行。此句主语为John，as well as the other children为伴随状语，故使用单数的谓语动词。]
10．(2019·湖南浏阳六校联考，62)The traditional Chinese marriage usually ______ (involve) some necessary procedures, such as matchmaking, engagements, meeting the bride, and three bows.
involves　[句意：中国传统婚礼通常涉及几个必要的步骤，比如：说媒、定亲、迎娶和拜堂。本题考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。本句介绍的是中国现在的风俗，故用一般现在时；主语The traditional Chinese marriage为单数第三人称概念，故填involves。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2019·湖北武昌区高三调考)Finally, I work harder than ever and made great progress in my math.
work→worked　[由后面的made可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。]
2．(2019·西安九校联考)Today, at the local convenience store where I work, an elderly man with a guide dog come in.
come→came　[考查动词的时态。这里叙述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。]
3．(2019·山东青岛模拟)What’s more, thousands of tourists from the world came here every year, which is really splendid.
came→come　[根据时间状语every year及从句为一般现在时可知，主句应用一般现在时，故将came改为come。]
4．(2019·河北邯郸一模)It has been a long time since we meet in China last time.
meet→met　[It has been＋一段时间＋since...句式中时间状语用过去时。]
5．(2019·湖北宜昌示范性高中协作体期中)Yesterday, my friend Tony and I decide to go swimming in the sea.
decide→decided　[句意：昨天我的朋友托尼和我决定去大海游泳。考查时态。此句时间状语是yesterday，表示一般过去时，故谓语用过去式decided。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·湖北八市3月联考)I’ve recently started working in a unit for people with severe dementia(痴呆)．Many have different physical needs as well as complex behavioral problems 1.______ a consequence of their dementia. Very few of these patients are able to communicate in any 2.______(meaning) way, and most no longer recognize their family. It’s 3.______(possible) not to be touched by this.
A few weeks ago, I sat in a meeting with Mr. Radley. His wife 4.______(become) a patient for the past four years. She advanced dementia and could be violent, and she frequently screamed, 5.______she was unable to speak. She was in her sixties and used to be a costume designer. Her husband sat calmly while we reviewed his wife’s case.
We thought she was getting 6.______(bad) and still needed continuing care. He spoke about 7.______she’d been like before she became ill, but suddenly his voice shook and I realized he was about to cry. After a while, he calmed down and explained, “It’s so hard seeing her now. She’s not there any more. I feel 8.______(particular) guilty about having not taken good care of her.”
His wife was already dead. 9.______ person who’d been the love of his life was now gone. We tried to tell him that he should move on and have a new life of his own, 10.______(convince) him to take a trip to relax. The look of relief in his eyes when he realized we understood his pain is one I’ll never forget.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者最近到一个单位上班，照顾痴呆的病人。当照顾Radley先生的妻子的时候，他向作者诉说了自己对妻子的愧疚。在Radley先生的妻子去世后，作者劝说Radley先生去开始自己新的生活，当Radley先生意识到有人理解他的痛苦时，他眼中满是宽慰，这种表情令作者难以忘怀。
1．as　[考查固定搭配。as a consequence of是固定搭配，意为“因为，由于”。故填as。]
2．meaningful　[考查词性转换。此处修饰名词“way”，应用meaning的形容词形式。故填meaningful。]
3．impossible　[考查形容词。根据语境及下文可知，因为老年痴呆，不记得家人，通过这件事不被打动是不可能的。故填impossible。]
4．had become　[考查动词的时态。根据“for the past four years”并结合上文的时态可知，此处应用过去完成时。故填had become。]
5．because/although/though　[考查连词。根据语境可知，此处可理解为因果关系，表示因为她不能说话，所以经常尖叫；也可以理解为转折关系，表示尽管不能说话，但她经常尖叫。故填because/although/though。]
6．worse　[考查形容词的比较等级。根据本句中的“still needed continuing care”可知，此处指和之前相比，她的身体状况变得更糟了。故填worse。]
7．what　[考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少like的宾语。故填what。]
8．particularly　[考查副词。修饰后面的形容词“guilty”应用副词。故填particularly。]
9．The　[考查冠词。本句中的who引导的定语从句修饰和限制先行词“person”，表特指。注意首字母大写。故填The。]
10．convincing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，convince和其逻辑主语“We”之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式。故填convincing。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·湖北八市3月联考)Three years ago, I was addicted to computer games. I played with games day and night on weekends. I lost interesting in my studies and I was often absent from school.
My parents got very worrying about me. They persuaded me to quit play games, but I wouldn’t give up my bad habit. Later my English teacher gave me some advices on how to quit the bad habit. Listed the disadvantages of playing computer games on a piece of paper, I put them on my bed and tried to remember them. Beside the list were my effective schedule. I followed my schedule strictly and managed to get rid playing games. After that I became active in studying and turn out to be one of the top students in our school.
答案
Three years ago, I was addicted to computer games. I played with games day and night on weekends. I lost interestinginterest in my studies and I was often absent from school.
My parents got very worryingworried about me. They persuaded me to quit playplaying games, but I wouldn’t give up my bad habit. Later my English teacher gave me some advicesadvice on how to quit the bad habit. ListedListing the disadvantages of playing computer games on a piece of paper, I put themit on my bed and tried to remember them. Beside the list werewas my effective schedule. I followed my schedule strictly and managed to get rid∧ofplaying games. After that I became active in studying and turnturned out to be one of the top students in our school.
(二)非谓语动词
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·山西长治二中等五校一联)With a ______(puzzle)look on my face, I pointed to myself and said，“Me？”
puzzled　[句意为：脸上带着疑惑的表情，我指着自己说：“我吗？”a puzzled look“疑惑的表情”；a puzzling look“令人疑惑的表情”。]
2．(2019·河南八市重点高中二次质检)I felt hopeless and alone，and more ______(depress) than I knew was possible.
depressed　[句意为：我感到绝望、孤独及前所未有过的沮丧。设空处作felt的表语，故填depressed。]
3．(2019·四川成都七中诊断)To his surprise, Jack found his son ______ (dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve.
dressed　[句意：使杰克惊讶的是，他发现儿子在圣诞节前夜被装扮成了圣诞老人。此处为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，用过去分词作宾语补足语。dress意为“给(某人)穿衣”，常用于dress sb.或sb.be/get dressed结构。]
4．(2019·福建龙岩五校期中)Very often，opportunities come quietly and go by without ______(notice)．
being noticed　[句意为：机会常常是悄无声息地来，又默默而去。介词(without)后需用动名词作宾语；主语与notice之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用being noticed。]
5．(2019·浙江宁波九校联考)I like staying up late ______(watch) TV，surfing the Internet or doing something I’m fond of.
watching　[逻辑主语I与watch之间为主动关系，表示伴随状态，故填现在分词watching。]
6．(2019·广东七校联合体第二次联考)We went to a fast food restaurant for dinner together. My husband went to the counter ______ (order) dishes and I stood with my parents.
to order　[考查动词不定式。句意：我的丈夫去柜台订餐，我和我的父母在一起站着。空处表示去柜台的目的，故用动词不定式。]
7．(2019·合肥第一次检测)Emperor Qin Shihuang simplified Chinese characters and regular rules were set, ______ (make) it easier for people to learn and master.
making　[考查非谓语动词。动词make与其逻辑主语是主谓关系且与上文之间无连词，故用现在分词making在此处作状语。]
8．(2019·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)I felt like an idiot. I should not have left without charging my cell phone. The battery was dead and I was alone without any way ______ (contact) my family.
to contact　[考查不定式。设空句意：我手机电池没有电了，我独自一人，没有办法和家人联系。根据any way和句意可知，应用动词不定式作any way的后置定语。]
9．(2019·贵州适应性考试)When you meet people from different cultures，it is important ______ (understand) what you can and cannot do.
to understand　[考查动词不定式。分析该句结构可知，该句使用了it is/was＋adj.＋to do sth.的句型，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。]
10．(2019·福建省普通高中毕业班质量检测)With my eyes tightly ______(close)，I dived in and made my way to the other end.
closed　[考查非谓语动词。此处是with的复合结构，即：with＋名词/代词＋非谓语动词，在句子中作状语。close和其逻辑主语my eyes构成动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2019·广东七校第二次联考)I like travelling and my dream of visit Beijing, the capital city of our country, came true during the National Day holidays this year.____________
visit→visiting　[考查动名词。of为介词，后接动名词作宾语。]
2．(2019·西安六校联考)Before heard his answer, she started to read him almost every single greeting card out loud until the elderly man smiled.____________
heard→hearing　[考查动名词。before为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，故用hear的动名词形式hearing。]
3．(2019·重庆南开中学月考)The Chinese restaurant naming New Panda Buffet provides genuine Chinese food, which many diners have given 5-star reviews.__________
naming→named　[restaurant与name之间为被动关系，因此应用过去分词作后置定语。故将naming改为named。]
4．(2019·湖北武汉高三调考)Last Sunday was my birthday, so I invited some guys go out with me for a celebration.____________
go前加to　[动词invite后应用不定式作其补足语，即invite sb. to do sth.。]
5．(2019·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourself to trying to make money.____________
trying→try　[考查动词不定式。此处是动词不定式表目的，故to后应用动词原形try。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·湖南六校联考)In many places like Britain and Italy, if you leave the house without your wallet, you’ll be 1.____________a difficult situation all day. But in China’s large cities, you can enjoy your day just with a smartphone.
The other day, I set out 2.____________(see) how far a phone would get me in the country’s capital. Admittedly, I was surprised to discover how 3.____________(convenience) it was.
I used my phone to call a taxi to meet my Chinese friend, Zhang Ming, 4.____________would guide me to get around Beijing. We paid for breakfast by 5.____________(scan) a QR code on the window of a restaurant selling pancakes, one of China’s most popular street breakfasts. My purchase cost 6 yuan and 6.____________(take) just a few seconds. At a nearby coffee shop，7.____________(it) owner scanned a QR code on my phone. As we sipped(小口喝) our coffee, Zhang Ming paid her household water bill. She used the same simple process to pay other bills and even her rent. We also paid by phone for the taxi, movie tickets and food 8.____________(deliver)．
I have known from Zhang Ming that from tiny street stands to large chains，9.____________amazing number of people accept mobile payment，10.____________(most) through popular apps Alipay and WeChat.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。在其他国家，不带现金外出寸步难行，但在中国，仅带上一部智能手机就可以解决问题。本文讲述了作者在北京不带现金，仅带智能手机出行的经历。
1．in　[考查介词。be in a(n)．..situation为固定搭配，意为“处于……情境”。]
2．to see　[考查非谓语动词。set out to do sth.表示“着手做某事，开始做某事”。]
3．convenient　[考查词性转换。根据空格前的“how”和空格后的“it was”可知，此处应用所给词的形容词形式。]
4．who　[考查定语从句。此句为非限制性定语从句，且先行词为人，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用who，不可用that。]
5．scanning　[考查非谓语动词。by是介词，后接动名词。]
6．took　[考查动词的时态。and连接两个并列的谓语动词，时态需保持一致；根据“cost”这一过去式可知，空格处也应用所给词的过去式。]
7．its　[考查代词。根据空格后的名词“owner”可知，该处应用形容词性物主代词。]
8．delivery　[考查词性转换。food delivery意为“外卖”，应用所给词的名词形式。]
9．an　[考查冠词。an amazing number of...表示“数量惊人的”，amazing的发音以元音音素开头，所以填an。]
10．mostly　[考查词性转换。此处介词短语用副词mostly修饰，表示“大部分，主要地，多半”。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·湖南六校联考)Journey to the West is a fantastic story setting in the Tang Dynasty.
When opening the book, you would read an exciting story.Tangseng and his three companions went through adventurous experience to get the scriptures(经文), which could be beneficial for the ordinary people. They made the long and hard journey westwards to achieve their dream.The Monkey King, also was called Sunwukong, managed to fight against all kinds of difficulties. Therefore, the Monkey King as a symbol of being bravery and determined is deeply loved by our Chinese.
The story is so amazing that it is very worth reading, I believe you can learn more about Chinese culture from this book.
答案
Journey to the West is a fantastic story settingset in the Tang Dynasty.
When opening the book, you wouldwill read an exciting story.Tangseng and his three companions went through adventurous experienceexperiences to get the scriptures(经文), which could be beneficial forto the ordinary people. They made thea long and hard journey westwards to achieve their dream.The Monkey King, also was called Sunwukong, managed to fight against all kinds of difficulties. Therefore, the Monkey King as a symbol of being braverybrave and determined is deeply loved by ourus Chinese.
The story is so amazing that it is verywell worth reading，∧andI believe you can learn more about Chinese culture from this book.
(三)形容词和副词
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·新疆第二次适应性检测)There are many kinds of reference books available in the book market. A smart use of these books is certainly ______ (benefit), but the misuse and overuse of them may cause a lot of problems.
beneficial　[考查形容词。此处应用形容词作系动词is的表语。]
2．(2019·湖北华大联盟高三质检)It is probably one of the earliest and longest ______ (last) sports which uses both muscles and brain.
lasting　[用在名词前应为定语，故用lasting“持续的”。]
3．(2019·浙江宁波十校联考)So his mother, who was ______ (will) to pay for his education, brought him home to look after the sheep.
unwilling　[根据后面的“brought him home to look after the sheep”可知，此处表示“不愿意的”，故填unwilling。]
4．(2019·沈阳监测)I received an ______ (amaze) look because he thought I was crazy. A Chinese workmate joined me.
amazed　[考查形容词。空处修饰名词“look”，形容人的表情，故用amazed。]
5．(2019·广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others, the ______ (fast) you will move toward your goal.
faster　[句意：你赢得别人的支持越多，就会越快地接近你的目标。此处为“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，意为“越……越……”。因此，设空处应用比较级。故填faster。]
6．(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)Whatever happens in China, the third ______ (large) country in the world with 20 percent of the world’s population, will certainly shape the immediate and distant futures of us all.
largest　[考查形容词最高级。由空前的the third可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级修饰名词country。]
7．(2019·安徽滁州中学模拟)______ (obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.
Obviously　[句意：很明显，一个好习惯能够帮助我们加速抵达目的地。设空处修饰逗号后面的句子，作状语，应用副词。故填Obviously。]
8．(2019·湖北华大联盟高三质检)The boy looked at his father ______ (hope) because he thought his father had brought him a present.
hopefully　[修饰动词短语looked at应用副词形式。]
9．(2019·山东临沂一模)It is one of the most __________ (amaze) TV shows from an artistic point of view.
amazing　[句意：从艺术的角度，那是最惊人的电视节目之一。设空处后为名词，由此可推出设空处应为形容词作定语。amazing“惊人的”。]
10．(2019·昆明质量检测)If we can focus on encouraging kids to drink more water—a low-cost, sugar-free drink－we can improve their drinking habits, which may allow many kids to feel ______ (great) throughout the day and do better in school.
greater　[考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“and do better in school”可知，空处与此处对应，应用形容词的比较级。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2019·广东七校联考)As I watched the flag rising slowly. I sang the national anthem, feeling extremely exciting. ____________
exciting→excited　[考查形容词。该句主语为I，修饰人，应用形容词excited，表示“激动的，兴奋的”。]
2．(2019·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)He was a European billionaire who got everything he wanted. Therefore, in the last twenty years of his life, his health began to get worse and he led a miserable life. ____________
Therefore→However　[考查副词。上文说他是一位欧洲亿万富翁，得到了他想要的一切，该句说在他生命里的最后二十年，他的健康状况变得越来越糟。上下文为转折关系，故用However。]
3．(2019·云南八校区调研)I don’t think that it is a truly eco-travel. An eco-travel not only allows us to express our love for nature, but needs our responsibility as well. ____________
truly→true　[考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词eco-travel。]
4．(2019·长沙一模)The American TV show The Voice is one of my most favorite amusement shows. ____________
删除most　[考查最高级。句意：美国电视节目《美国之声》是我最喜欢的娱乐节目之一。favorite意为“最喜欢的”，无最高级形式。]
5．(2019·南昌十校二模)It is clear shown that many middle school students have physical and mental problems. ____________
clear→clearly　[词性错误。此处修饰过去分词shown，要用副词。clearly“清晰地”。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·济宁一模)Around three in five people in the U．K. will find 1.____________ necessary to care for an elderly or a disabled loved one at some point. This can be made much 2.____________(easy) by bearing in mind a few simple principles and pieces of advice.
3．____________(care) for an elderly loved one－most likely a parent, is never easy. It can cause great pain emotionally and 4.____________(physical) and the financial challenges can sometimes seem difficult to deal with, too.
Often one of the hardest things is striking a balance between your parent’s desire 5.____________(feel) independent and the need to ensure that they are safe and their health needs are being attended to. Sometimes this can create tensions and 6.____________(argue), only adding to the stress of an already difficult situation. It is important here to make them feel that they are being listened to and 7.____________you only have their best interests at heart.
The same applies 8.____________ financial issues. In order to cover the costs of their parent’s care－including bills and medicine－many people will investigate options such as selling the family home. The most important thing here is communication－it is vital to make sure that everyone involved, including other brothers and sisters, 9.____________(be) aware of what’s being proposed and cooperates to find a solution 10.____________ satisfies everybody.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大约五分之三的英国人有必要照顾老人或身体残疾的亲人，作者为此提出了在身体、情感、财务方面的几项原则和建议。
1．it　[考查代词。在“主语＋think/find/believe...＋it＋形容词＋to do sth.”结构中，it作形式宾语，后面的不定式是真正的宾语。此处表示“大约五分之三的英国人认为在某种情况下照顾老人或身体残疾的亲人是必要的”。故填it。]
2．easier　[考查形容词的比较等级。根据空格前的“much”可知，此处应用easy的比较级形式，表示“这会变得更容易”。故填easier。]
3．Caring　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，逗号后面的is是系动词，此句为主系表结构，故此处应用动名词形式作主语。故填Caring。]
4．physically　[考查词性转换。空格处修饰动词“cause”，且和“emotionally”并列，应用所给词的副词形式。故填physically。]
5．to feel　[考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作定语，修饰desire。故填to feel。]
6．arguments　[考查词性转换和名词复数。根据并列连词“and”及名词“tensions”可知，此处应用argue的名词复数形式与“tensions”并列，作create的宾语。故填arguments。]
7．that　[考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，并列连词“and”连接两个并列的宾语从句，作动词“feel”的宾语，且空格后的从句不缺成分。故填that。]
8．to　[考查介词。固定短语apply to意为“适用于，应用于”，此处表示“同样的情况适用于财务问题”。故填to。]
9．is　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处对应的逻辑主语是“everyone”，“including other brothers and sisters”是插入语，所以系动词要与“everyone”一致；又因本句的时态为一般现在时，故此处也应用一般现在时。故填is。]
10．that/which　[考查定语从句。此处引导定语从句，先行词是“solution”，从句中缺少主语。故填that/which。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·济宁一模)All students from our class go to the exhibition displaying China’s outstanding achievements in last month. As soon as we arrived, a guide gave us a introduction to the exhibition. While listen, we made some notes carefully. We felt excitedly and couldn’t wait to start the visit. We were both inspired by the various exhibits, including the models of the high-speed train. We took a lot of photo and were proud of the achievements of our country.
The next day, we decided have a class meeting to present which we had seen. Immediately we devoted ourselves to prepare the presentations.
答案
All students from our class gowent to the exhibition displaying China’s outstanding achievements in last month. As soon as we arrived, a guide gave us aan introduction to the exhibition. While listenlistening, we made some notes carefully. We felt excitedlyexcited and couldn’t wait to start the visit. We were bothall inspired by the various exhibits, including the models of the high-speed train. We took a lot of photophotos and were proud of the achievements of our country.
The next day, we decided∧tohave a class meeting to present whichwhat we had seen. Immediately we devoted ourselves to preparepreparing the presentations.
(四)代词和介词
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·河南洛阳第一次统考)“As soon as he opens ______ (he) mouth and sings in Chinese, the Chinese are very surprised and they feel proud of him，” said his music teacher.
his　[考查代词。根据语境mouth和主语he可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his修饰名词mouth，在句中作定语。]
2．(2019·浙江金丽衢州十二校联考)Linda，please tell me a little bit about ______ (you)．
yourself　[此处表示“你自己”的概念，应用反身代词，指Linda，故填yourself。]
3．(2019·山东师大附中二模)At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced ______ (her)．
herself　[句意：那时，一位迷人的年轻女士注意到了我的书，向我走来并自我介绍。设空处作宾语，该空处与主语an attractive young lady指同一人，故用反身代词herself。]
4．(2019·河南南阳模拟)______ is very common for students to be physically present in class，but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles.
It　[句意：对于学生来说，他们人在教室但心却不在的现象很普遍，因为他们在玩手机。It is＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.为固定句型，意为“对某人来说，做某事是……的”。其中it为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语，故填It。]
5．(2019·安庆模拟)He admitted that when ______ comes to repairing a computer，he had little knowledge of it.
it　[句意：他承认，当说到维修电脑时，他对此一无所知。when it comes to...意为“当说到……”，为固定句型。故填it。]
6．(2019·重庆模拟)I hate ______ when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.
it　[句意：我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟的。it常常与某些动词连用构成固定句式，例如：hate/dislike it when...；appreciate/help it if...等。]
7．(2019·福建福州十三中高三期中)Once there lived a rich man who wanted to do ______ for the people of his town.
something　[结合句意可知，此处表示想要为人们做某事，故填 something。]
8．(2019·江西赣中南五校一模)Dating sites also make ______ easy to avoid someone who you are not interested in.
it　[句意为：约会网站还能轻易避开那些你不感兴趣的人。设空处用it作形式宾语，“to avoid someone...”为真正宾语。]
9．(2019·新疆第二次检测)Nowadays reference books have become a problem of great concern for ______ the teachers and the students.
both　[考查固定搭配。固定搭配both...and...意为“两者都”，符合语境，故用both。]
10．(2019·安徽六校联考)I’ll spend half of my holiday practising English and ______ half learning drawing.
the other　[句意：我将花假期的一半时间练习英语，另一半时间学画画。根据句意可知，整个假期分为两半，确定范围为两者，故只能用the other。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2019·云贵川百校联考)But it’s difficult for me to decide what activities we should organize and how to plan it. ____________
第二个it→them　[plan后应跟一个指代前面的activities的代词，为复数形式，作plan的宾语，故应用表复数的宾格代词them。]
2．(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after me and live independently. ____________
me→myself　[考查代词。与句子主语I呼应，应用反身代词，意为“照顾好自己”。]
3．(2019·长沙一模)After work, he learned to play guitar.He liked living on the farm, for the life was simple. __________
play后加the/his　[考查冠词或物主代词。guitar为乐器，需在其前加定冠词the。因为guitar和主语he是所属关系，故也可以用形容词性物主代词his。]
4．(2019·湖北武汉武昌区高三1月调考)Finally，I worked harder than ever and made great progress in her math. ____________
her→my　[本句的主语是“I”，这里是指“我”取得进步，故用形容词性物主代词my。]
5．(2019·河南毕业班适应性考试)A man immediately rushed to the girl to give him first aid. ____________
him→her　[句意：一个人立即冲向那个女孩儿，对她进行急救。give的宾语是那个女孩儿，因此用her而非him。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg 1.____________ (recent) surprised Chinese students when he spoke to 2.____________ in Chinese.In a talk at Tsinghua University in Beijing，Zuckerberg spoke Chinese for about 30 minutes. 3.____________ his Chinese was far from perfect，students and teachers applauded his effort.
Clayton Dube is head of the US－China Institute at the University of Southern California.He praises Zuckerberg’s effort and thinks more American CEOs should learn foreign 4.____________ (language)．
“To speak Chinese 5.____________ (mean)you begin to think as Chinese people do.You begin to understand how Chinese speakers have their thoughts 6.______________ (organize)，and how they understand things.And that is a vital step if you’re going to be culturally qualified.”
Zuckerberg’s talk raises a larger question：Is Chinese the language of the future? Could it replace English 7.____________ the world’s international language? Chinese already has the most native speakers of any language.And，China may soon pass the United States as the world’s 8.____________ (large) economy.
The study of 9.____________ Chinese language is increasing in the United States and around the world.In 2009，about 60，000 10.____________ (America) college students were studying Chinese.That was three times as many as in 1990.
[语篇解读]　脸书创始人马克·扎克伯格在清华大学用汉语和学生交谈了大约30分钟。虽然他的汉语不完美，老师和同学们都为他的努力鼓掌。
1．recently　[考查副词。设空处需用副词作状语。]
2．them　[考查代词。此处指代Chinese students且在介词to后，应用宾格形式，故答案为them。 ]
3．While/Though/Although　[考查连词。此处表示让步，故用while/though/although(尽管，虽然)引导让步状语从句。]
4．languages　[考查名词。此处泛指外语，故用复数形式。]
5．means　[考查主谓一致。不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。]
6．organized　[考查非谓语动词作宾补。宾语their thoughts与organize之间为逻辑上的被动关系且表示完成，故用过去分词作宾补。]
7．as　[考查介词。句意：它能代替英语成为世界上的国际语言吗？]
8．largest　[考查形容词的比较等级。此处表示“成为世界上最大的经济体”，应用形容词large的最高级形式。]
9．the　[考查冠词。the Chinese language相当于Chinese(汉语)。]
10．American　[考查形容词。设空处应用形容词修饰college students。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
I slowly closed the photo albums and took another sip of juice. My heart was full with beautiful memories. I closed my eyes and let all the Christmas’ memories past, all the Thanksgiving dinners, and all the memories for a lifetime flow through my heart, soul, and mind. There I was picking flowers for my Mom the first day of spring. There I was swimming on the pool as a boy in a hot summer’s day. There I was playing my kids on the fall. There I was losing another snowball fight to them under the winter snow. There I was doing my best to share my life with smiles, laughter, love, and joy. There I was delighted for all the love, kindness, and happiness that was shared in me.
答案
I slowly closed the photo albums and took another sip of juice. My heart was full withof beautiful memories. I closed my eyes and let all the Christmas’ memories past, all the Thanksgiving dinners, and all the memories forof a lifetime flow through my heart, soul, and mind. There I was picking flowers for my Mom ∧on the first day of spring. There I was swimming onin the pool as a boy inon a hot summer’s day. There I was playing∧withmy kids onin the fall. There I was losing another snowball fight to them underin the winter snow. There I was doing my best to share my life with smiles, laughter, love, and joy. There I was delighted forwith all the love, kindness, and happiness that was shared inwith me.
(五)名词和冠词
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·浙江嘉兴基础测试)Portman’s educational background has influenced one of her ______ (project)．
projects　[one of后接可数名词的复数形式，表示“……之一”，故填projects。]
2．(2019·武汉武昌区调研)Driven by the ______ (curious) in my heart, I came to China and took part in a cruise(乘船度假) along part of the river last year.
curiosity　[考查名词。curious为形容词，由前面的冠词the可知，此处应用名词；driven by the curiosity意为“受好奇心驱使”。]
3．(2019·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)Nothing I did seemed to make any ______ (different)．“It can’t be the fuel，” I thought.
difference　[考查名词。make any difference为固定搭配，意为“有任何影响”。]
4．(2019·福建省高三质检)“Alaya, you don’t have to do this if you don’t want to. Nobody is forcing you.” Though I said I wasn’t going to do it, my ______ (foot) carried me toward the pool.
feet　[考查名词复数。foot是可数名词，且没有被冠词修饰，故用复数形式。]
5．(2019·贵州适应性考试)If we are not aware of these differences, some unusual ______ (thing) might happen.
things　[考查名词的数。根据该句中的some可知，可数名词thing应用复数形式。]
6．(2019·湖南怀化一模)More than one doctor ______ (be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.
was　[句意：许多医生都加入到了震后的营救工作中。“more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据从句用一般过去时可知，主句也应用一般过去时。故填was。]
7．(2019·浙江金、温、台三市部分学校联考)Computer game ______ (design) often create interesting video games to tempt players to keep playing.
designers　[根据句意可知此处表示“电子游戏的设计者”，同时根据谓语动词create可知，需用复数形式，故填designers。]
8．(2019·河北石家庄二中联考)I would appreciate it if you could take me into ______ (consider). Looking forward to receiving your reply.
consideration　[句意：如果你能考虑我， 我将不胜感激。盼望收到你的回复。介词into后需加名词形式。此处take...into consideration(考虑到……)为固定短语。]
9．(2019·湖南益阳箴言中学模拟)He has donated some money to those who live in poverty, which ______ (be) of great help.
is　[句意：他给那些生活贫困的人捐了一些钱，这帮了大忙。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代前面主句的内容，故从句谓语动词应用单数；根据空前的has donated可知此处应用一般现在时。故填is。]
10．(2019·湖南师大附中月考)Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture, and he as well as his assistants ______ (be) to arrive by air.
is　[句意：詹姆斯教授将给我们做一次关于西方文化的演讲，他和他的助理将乘飞机到达。as well as连接并列成分时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面主语保持一致。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2019·郑州第一次质量预测)I liked the airs there because it was fresh and clean.Many stars were up high in the sky and the moon looked bright.____________
airs→air　[考查名词复数。air在此处表示“空气”，是不可数名词，故没有复数形式。]
2．(2019·广东汕头高三质检)Friendship is very important to everyone, especially to me. Now, I would like to describe one of my best friends whose name are Petou.
____________
are→is　[考查主谓一致。whose引导的定语从句的先行词是代词“one”，因此谓语动词应该用单数。]
3．(2019·武汉武昌区调研)Considering my case, my teacher offered me several detailed approach and advised me to set a short-term goal to improve my math.____________
approach→approaches　[考查名词的数。approach作“方法”讲时，是可数名词；由前面的several可知，应用复数形式。]
4．(2019·长沙一模)When the boy sang a song with his guitar, all the judge were astonished by his talent. ______
judge→judges　[考查名词的数。根据该句中的all和谓语动词were可知，所有的评委都对他的天赋感到惊讶，故用复数形式。]
5．(2019·云南校区调研)What was worse, many tourists threw rubbishes here and there. ____________
rubbishes→rubbish　[考查名词。rubbish作“垃圾”讲，为不可数名词。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·济南模拟)It’s almost a common belief that the best food you can find in a place is not in the fancy restaurants, 1.____________ in the backstreets. These spots are usually away from popular tourist attractions, which means that to find them you’ll need the spirit of an explorer.
That’s 2.____________ I came across roujiamo when I was exploring Beijing. I found 3.____________ restaurant that sold dishes from Xi’an when I explored the area around 4.____________(I) office one day. I decided to try it out.
My roujiamo 5.____________(make) fresh, so the bread was still warm. It was soft when I bit into it, and the meat inside was delicious and tender. In fact, I enjoyed it so much that I ordered more to take home with me. Though it’s just a snack, it’s still quite filling and can 6.____________(easy) satisfy your appetite.
There are a 7.____________(various) of things you can put inside the “mo”，as the bread is called. For example, in certain areas in Xi’an, the meat 8.____________(use) is usually beef, but in Gansu Province, lamb is more common. And the first roujiamo that I tried was made 9.__________ pork. However it’s made, it’s still a tasty snack. And for an American like me who grew up 10.____________(eat) hamburgers, it’s a perfect combination of East and West.
[语篇解读]　本文介绍了经常出现在街头巷尾的美食——肉夹馍。
1．but　[考查连词。句意：普遍认为你能在一个地方找到的最好的食物不是在豪华餐厅里而是在街头巷尾。not...but...意为“不是……而是……”，故本空应填连词but。]
2．how　[考查表语从句。句意：这就是我探访北京的时候如何和肉夹馍不期而遇的。分析句子结构可知，“______I came across roujiamo when I was exploring Beijing”为表语从句，从句缺状语，根据句意可知本空应填how来引导表语从句。]
3．a　[考查冠词。句意：一天，我探访我办公室周围的区域时，我发现一个卖西安食物的餐馆。restaurant为可数名词，在文中第一次提及时应用不定冠词修饰，又因restaurant的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。]
4．my　[考查代词。句意参见上题解析。修饰名词office应用形容词性物主代词my。]
5．was made　[考查时态及语态。句意：我的肉夹馍是现做的，因此馍还是温的。本句中主语My roujiamo和动词make之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态；根据上文可知此事发生在过去，故应用一般过去时。本空应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was made。]
6．easily　[考查副词。句意：虽然只是一份小吃，但是仍令人感到相当饱，并且能很容易满足你的胃口。修饰动词satisfy应用副词，故填easily。]
7．variety　[考查固定用法。a variety of意为“各种各样的”。]
8．used　[考查过去分词。句意：比如，在西安的一些地区，使用的肉经常是牛肉，但是在甘肃省羊肉更常见。动词use与修饰的名词meat之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用use过去分词形式作定语，故填used。]
9．with　[考查介词。句意：我尝的第一个肉夹馍是猪肉做的。with表示“用”，故填with。]
10．eating　[考查现在分词。句意：对于一个像我这样的吃汉堡包长大的美国人来说，肉夹馍是东西方的完美结合。分析句子结构可知，在who引导的定语从句中，关系代词who指代先行词an American，在从句中作主语，因此动词eat和主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词作伴随状语。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
Dear Jack，
How is it going recently? I’m delight to tell you that our school photograph club is going to hold a International Photograph Show. Here is some informations about it.
Protect the environment is the theme of the show. It will start from June 15 in next month and last three weeks. Any student who is interested in it is welcome participate. I know you take good pictures but you’ve always wanted to do something what interests you. This is certain a good chance for more people to see it. You can send your photos to intphotoshow@gm.school.com.
Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案
Dear Jack，
How is it going recently? I’m delightdelighted to tell you that our school photograph club is going to hold aan International Photograph Show. Here is some informationsinformation about it.
ProtectProtecting the environment is the theme of the show. It will start from June 15 in next month and last three weeks. Any student who is interested in it is welcome∧toparticipate. I know you take good pictures butand you’ve always wanted to do something whatthat interests you. This is certaincertainly a good chance for more people to see itthem. You can send your photos to intphotoshow@gm.school.com.
Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
(六)情态动词和虚拟语气
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The doctor recommended that you ______ swim after eating a large meal.
shouldn’t/not　[句意：医生建议你吃完大餐后不要游泳。谓语是recommended，从句的谓语应用虚拟语气“should＋do”，should可以省略。]
2．—Tom is sure to win the match!
—It’s hard to say. You know, anything ______ happen even in the last minute.
can　[can表示客观的可能性。]
3．It’s a pity that you were late, otherwise you ______ (see)the film star Rain from Korea.
would have seen　[句意：很遗憾你迟到了，要不然你就会见到从韩国来的电影明星Rain了。主句中用的是过去时，otherwise表示句中的“你”并没有见到那位明星是客观事实，故此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故用would have done结构。]
4．It has been accepted that all the students ______ put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.
shall　[shall用于第一、三人称表示警告、命令、威胁等，此处指命令。]
5．Tom’s score on the test is the highest in the class. He ______(study)last night.
must have studied　[表示对过去事情的推测，故应用“情态动词＋have done”，表示肯定含义，故应用must have done，表示过去一定做了某事。]
6．－But for your timely warning, we ______(got) into great trouble.
－Well, you know we’re friends.
would have got　[but for意为“要不是，如果没有……”，引导虚拟条件句。句意：——要不是你及时提醒，我就会陷入大麻烦了。——嗯，你知道我们是好朋友。根据句意可知事情发生在过去，故主句使用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。]
7．I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ______ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
would　[would表示“过去常常”，强调过去经常发生的事情。根据语境判断此处指“过去妈妈经常在周末带我去迪斯尼玩”，故填would。]
8．－Hello, may I speak to Mr.Wu?
－I’m afraid he is not in now. ______ I take a message?
Shall　[shall用于第一人称作主语的疑问句时，表示说话人征求对方的意见。]
9．－Mary looks very happy and excited today.
－So ______ you if you won such a grand prize.
would　[空格后的if条件状语从句的谓语用的是一般过去时，表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，所以主句要用would。]
10．If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you ______ (smile) now.
wouldn’t be smiling　[本题中从句与主句时间不一致，从句说的是与过去事实相反，主句与现实事实相反。而且主句中有时间状语now，故应填wouldn’t be smiling。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Some people go to school to learn a skill so that they make a living in the future.
make前加can　[此处表示“有能力做某事”。由句意可知“有些人去学校学一些手艺，将来才能谋生”。]
2．(2019·河南天一大联考)In order to help me with my English, we spoke as much English as we can when we were together.
can→could　[句意：为了帮助我学好英文，我们在一起的时候尽可能多地讲英文。本题考查时态。根据题干中的spoke及句意可知需将can改为could(过去式)。]
3．(2019·河南中原名校五次联考)In my opinion, it is time we throw away our mobile phones and raised our heads.
throw→threw　[句意：我认为，现在该是我们扔掉手机，抬起头的时候了。根据虚拟语气的用法，在“It is time＋that从句”句型中，that从句的谓语动词应该使用过去式或should＋动词原形，由raised可知将throw改为threw。]
4．(2019·黑龙江大庆二模)She also suggested that I can introduce my culture to my classmates.
can→should或删除can　[句意：她还建议我向我的同学们介绍我的文化。suggest在句中意为“建议”，后接宾语从句，宾语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”或省略should。]
5．(2019·宁夏银川一中一模)If only I can be successful like you.
can→could　[句意：我要是像你一样成功多好啊。If only...要是……多好啊。if only后的句子应该用虚拟语气，故将can改为could。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1.____________ (be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hardworking while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams while Peter doesn’t. However, people believe if Peter 2.____________ (work) as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother in his study.
At home, their parents suggest that they 3.__________ (finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 4.____________ (be) OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework on time. Their mother gives in in the end.
One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So he put his exercise book aside and used another one. When Peter found the previous exercise book, he struck out Tom’s name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day.
When the teacher told the truth to the twins’ mother, she was very angry and shouted at Peter，“How I wish you 5.____________ (be) as diligent as your brother! Now it’s time that I 6.____________ (give) you a good lesson. And you 7.____________ play any computer games for a month！”
“Oh, no! Mom. 8.____________ a computer for such a long time，I would die. I would rather you 9.____________ (ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.” Peter was upset.
“If you 10.____________ (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn’t be punished now，” said the mother.
[语篇解读]　本文为记叙文。汤姆和彼得是双胞胎兄弟，他们虽然长得很像，但在学习态度上却迥然不同。
1．were　[此处应用虚拟语气，主句谓语动词look与as if从句谓语动词be没有先后顺序，故设空处用were。]
2．worked　[句意：人们认为如果彼得像汤姆那样努力学习，在学习上他会和汤姆一样好。根据句意可知if从句为表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为worked。]
3．(should) finish　[suggest作“建议”讲，后面宾语从句的谓语动词需用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。]
4．is　[本句中的insist意为“坚持认为”，故用陈述语气。当insist作“坚决要求”讲时才用虚拟语气，即其宾语从句的谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。]
5．were　[wish后的宾语从句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故填were。]
6．gave/should give　[“It is time＋that从句”，that从句的谓语动词用过去式或“should＋动词原形”，should不能省略。]
7．mustn’t　[此处表示“禁止”，故答案为mustn’t。]
8．Without　[句意：如果那么长时间不玩电脑，我会死掉的。]
9．asked　[由would rather sb. did sth.可知填asked。]
10．had finished　[本句中的if从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为had finished。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·河北衡水中学二模)I’m Zhang Lei from China. I’m easy-going and warm-hearted, which makes its easy for me to make new friends. Energetic and responsible, I am a captain of our school football team. Reading is that I really love, both for fun and knowledge.
If I’m luckily enough to be chosen as chairman of the Students’ Union, I will spare no effort to live on to your expectations. More colourful afterschool activities will be organized, which will definitely reduced pressure but enrich our school life. Consider we are studying in an international middle school, communication should be given priority. So an international club will set up, thus enhancing the understanding between the students from different country.
答案
I’m Zhang Lei from China. I’m easy-going and warm-hearted, which makes itsit easy for me to make new friends. Energetic and responsible, I am
 captain of our school football team. Reading is thatwhat I really love, both for fun and knowledge.
If I’m luckilylucky enough to be chosen as chairman of the Students’ Union, I will spare no effort to live onup to your expectations. More colourful after-school activities will be organized, which will definitely reducedreduce pressure butand enrich our school life. ConsiderConsidering we are studying in an international middle school, communication should be given priority. So an international club will∧beset up, thus enhancing the understanding between the students from different countrycountries.
(七)并列句和状语从句
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·重庆西北狼教育联盟第一期联考)I was driving home late at night ______ my car lost momentum(动力) and got slower and slower.
when　[考查状语从句。句意为：我深夜正驾驶在回家的路上，突然汽车失去动力，变得越来越慢。分析该句结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句。be doing...when意为“正在做某事时突然……”。]
2．(2019·昆明质量检测)However，______ she was doing the research，she noticed that many kids were simply not drinking enough water.
when/while/as　[考查状语从句的引导词。根据该句中的进行时态“she was doing the research”并结合语境可以判断，此处表示“当她进行研究时，她注意到许多孩子根本没有喝足量的水”。when/while/as都表示“当……的时候”。]
3．(2019·湖北部分重点中学高三起点考试)______ you cover a baby’s favorite toy with a piece of cloth，the baby thinks the toy has disappeared and stops looking for it.
If　[根据句意可知，前半句是一个条件句，故用If引导。]
4．(2019·浙江金温台三市部分学校第十一次联考)These days，many employees play video games at work even ______ their employers have set rules to stop them from doing so.
if/though　[分析句子结构可知，此处为让步状语从句；再根据句意可知此处表示“即使，虽然”，应用even if或even though，故填if或though。]
5．(2019·辽宁葫芦岛六校协作体考试)Some animals，like people，eat both plants ______ animals.
and　[句意为：一些动物，例如人类，既吃植物也吃动物。both...and...为固定搭配，意为：既……也……。]
6．(2019·福建龙岩质检)But for now, they all have to postpone their plans ______ the winter storms pass.
until/till　[句意为：但是现在他们都得把他们的计划推迟到冬季风暴结束时才能实施。根据句意可知设空处填till或until。]
7．(2019·陕西咸阳二模)Researchers have found, in their experiment, that a baby’s cries can cause unique emotional responses in the brain, making it impossible for us to ignore them ______ we are parents or not.
whether　[句意为：研究者们在他们的实验中发现，婴儿啼哭能够引起头脑中独特的情感反应，使得我们不可能忽略他们，无论我们是不是父母。whether...or...可用来引导让步状语从句，意为：无论……还是……。]
8．(2019·江西上高二中，丰城中学联考)However, most scientists regard it as nothing more than a legend only ______ there is a lack of concrete evidence.
because　[句意为：然而，由于缺乏确凿的证据，大多数科学家认为那只是一种传说。设空处填从属连词because引导原因状语从句。]
9．(2019·太原二模)I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate ______ a really old man with huge bags sat down across from me.
when　[考查连词。hardly...when...意为“……就……”，为固定用法，符合语境，故用连词when引导时间状语从句。]
10．(2019·湖南益阳调研)One day，I was skiing down a mountain ______ I saw a girl aged about 15 who had fallen.
when　[be doing sth.when...为固定搭配，意为“正在做某事，突然……”。故填when。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2019·湖北黄石大冶一中高三月考)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. ____________
去掉at　[此处the moment是名词短语引导时间状语从句，at多余。]
2．(2019·河北“五个一”名校联盟联考)Because you have anything that puzzles you，it would be great to talk with Mr.Tang. ____________
Because→If　[句意：如果你有任何使你困惑的事情，与唐老师交谈一下会非常好。根据句意可知，从句为条件状语从句，表示“如果……”，应用If引导。故将Because改为If。]
3．(2019·安徽百所重点中学二模)It happens such often that we end up taking our parents for granted. ________
such→so　[在so/such...that...句型中，so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词。此处修饰副词，故用so。]
4．(2019·郑州第一次质量预测)I was very touched that I couldn’t sleep the whole night，and thought about being a teacher in the future. ____________
very→so　[考查副词。根据固定句型so...that...“如此……以至于”可知，应用副词so。]
5．(2019·云南11校区调研)All the way we appreciated the beautiful scenery and fresh air，so a few of us picked flowers while going sightseeing. ____________
so→but　[考查连词。一路上我们欣赏美丽的景色，但是有人摘花。前后表示转折关系，故用but。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
One day a Russian friend came to visit me. It was one of her lifelong dreams to visit London and she knew more about the city 1.____________ I did.We spent a tiring afternoon going around the Tower of London 2.____________ we had lunch.3.____________，by 5 o’clock I couldn’t help noticing that she didn’t seem as enthusiastic 4.____________ she had been earlier. I asked if anything was wrong and she said，“This is all very interesting but where is the fog？Why did everyone push to get on the bus instead of making a queue？I feel a bit disappointed 5.____________ it is very different from the books I have read about England.”
Her words made me think. It is true that people don’t queue any more. 6.____________，the idea of a man standing up and offering his seat to a woman on a train or a bus is unusual these days，7.____________ my father still does it!
As for the weather, well, we all know that a hundred years ago there used to be fog all year round in London，8.____________ we no longer have much fog；nowadays，we have pollution from all the cars.
A few things don’t change, 9.____________. If you try to start a conversation with an English person on the underground in London, she or he will probably look at you 10.____________ you are mad.
1．than　[由more可知此处为比较级，故使用than。]
2．after　[由spent a tiring afternoon可知此处表示“我们吃完午饭之后”。]
3．However　[由句意可知此处表示转折，句意为“可是，到五点钟的时候我就发现她不如早些时候那么有热情了”。]
4．as　[as...as...为同级比较结构。]
5．because　[由句意可知此处表示原因，意为“我觉得有点儿失望，因为这和我在书上读到的英国不一样”。]
6．Moreover/Besides　[由句意可知，此处为递进含义。句意为“的确，现在人们都不怎么排队了，而且男士在列车或公交车上站起来给女士让座的现象现在也很少见了”。]
7．though/although　[此处为转折含义，意为“尽管我爸爸还这样做”。]
8．but　[由句意可知此处表示转折含义，意为“但是现在我们已经没有雾了”。]
9．though　[此处表示转折含义，意为“不过，有些事情并没有变”。表示转折时，though可以放在句末，although和but都不可以放在句末。]
10．as if/as though　[意为“看起来好像”。此句句意为“他们会觉得你好像是疯了”。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
Have you ever thought about going to other planets? Although we have become used to the idea of space travel, and in films and novels it seems as like space travel is coming true，but it appears unlikely that human beings will ever get any further than Mars，our nearest neighbor. No matter what many movies we make about space travel，the fact is that it remains technologically challenging，and extremely expensive. But the distances involved are great，any voyage outside our solar system would take hundreds of years using present technology. Whenever human beings went to space，and they have problems of how to eat and breathe. However，there is a question about how to carry large amounts of fuel in order that cover the distance. Even Mars is so far away it would take about six months to get there. As the distance between the Earth and Mars varies，astronauts would have to wait for nearly two years until they could return using the shortest journey time. Even as it could cost $100 billion，a manned space travel to Mars is planned for sometime in the future.
答案
Have you ever thought about going to other planets? Although we have become used to the idea of space travel, and in films and novels it seems as likeif space travel is coming true, but it appears unlikely that human beings will ever get any further than Mars, our nearest neighbor. No matter whathow many movies we make about space travel, the fact is that it remains technologically challenging, and extremely expensive. ButBecause/Since the distances involved are great, any voyage outside our solar system would take hundreds of years using present technology. Whenever human beings went to space, and they have problems of how to eat and breathe. HoweverMoreover，there is a question about how to carry large amounts of fuel in order thatto cover the distance. Even Mars is so far away∧thatit would take about six months to get there. As the distance between the Earth and Mars varies, astronauts would have to wait for nearly two years untilbefore they could return using the shortest journey time. Even asif/though it could cost $100 billion, a manned space travel to Mars is planned for sometime in the future.
(八)定语从句和名词性从句
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·河北保定摸底考试)For instance，in Lima, the capital of Peru, there are more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics, about 70 percent of ______ were set up by local doctors.
which　[句意：比如，在秘鲁首都利马，有超过50家中医诊所，其中大约有70%是由当地医生创办的。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为more than 50 Chinese medicine clinics，关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，先行词指“物”，故填关系代词which。]
2．(2019·广东七校联合体第二次联考)This woman has set a good example to her son，______ is a really lucky guy.
who　[考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为her son，故用who。]
3．(2019·安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)Over the years，I have met some interesting people.Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters，Joan and Bernice，______ way of talking about people inspired me.
whose　[考查定语从句。whose引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作定语，先行词为Joan and Bernice。]
4．(2019·沈阳监测一)So we went inside a small shop，______ I could clearly see sand on the floor and bought some food.I was happy that the sandstorm stopped afterwards and we finally returned to our factory，safe.
where　[考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为shop，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。]
5．(2019·河南河北七所名校联考)The shelter，______ is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkok’s night market，has become an attraction itself.
which　[考查定语从句。先行词是The shelter，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用which。]
6．(2019·山西晋商四校联考)Only when you go to New York City in person will you realize ______ diverse the American culture is.
how　[句意：只有当你亲自去纽约时，你才会意识到美国文化是多么丰富多彩。根据“how＋adj./adv.＋主语＋is/are”可知，此处应用how。]
7．(2019·山西晋商四校联考)What is even more important is ______ the earth cooled down, and water began to appear on its surface.
that　[分析句子结构可知，What is even more important为主语从句，the earth cooled down，and water began to appear on its surface句子成分完整，故应填that引导表语从句，在从句中不作成分。]
8．From space, the earth looks blue. This is ______ about 71% of its surface is covered by water.
because　[句意：从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球大约71%的表面都被水覆盖着。分析句子可知此处应填because引导表语从句。]
9．(2019·山东师大附中二模)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ______ close you may be to victory.
how　[句意为：不要因失败而泄气，因为你永远也不会知道成功可能离你有多近。______close you may be to victory为宾语从句，设空处后close为形容词，故填how。]
10．(2019·山东师大附中二模)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
that　[分析句子结构可以看出，主句主语为way，后面的不定式to succeed at the highest level为其定语，系动词是is，后面的不定式结构为表语。______ you are better than...为belief的同位语从句，从句为“主语＋系动词＋表语”结构，成分完整，故填起连接作用的that。]
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2019·郑州第一次质量预测)She was born into a poor family or she worked very hard to be successful. ______
or→and/so　[考查连词。根据语境可知，上下文表示逻辑上的并列或因果关系，故用and或so。]
2．(2019·广东七校联考)Although I was tired，but I really had a good time. ____________
删除but或but改为yet　[although不能和but连用，能和yet连用。补充：此处也可删除Although，但是语意上没有修改but好。]
3．(2019·江西名校联盟检测)One day，Margaret told me her grandma was coming and her parents would want my basement room back，what didn’t surprise me. ______
what→which　[分析句子结构可知，which在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，且在从句中作主语。]
4．(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)Was that you told us true at the meeting just now？____________
that→what　[what作主语从句中的宾语。]
5．(2019·吉林吉大附中月考)First of all, we should prevent him from doing it is the most important.__________
we前面加that　[that引导主语从句，句意“最重要的是我们应该阻止他做这件事”。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·重庆调研)As we all know, there are many kinds of pollution all over the world, air pollution，water pollution, noise pollution and so on.Although we can’t save the world in a short time, we can take some measures to protect 1.______．For example, we can prevent people throwing litter; we can sort the rubbish in the community; we can drive less and produce less carbon dioxide.
2．______(actual), there is a new recycling program at our school, which aims to help us create 3.______ better environment. The recycling we’ve planned is simply a three-part program：sorting, collecting and delivering.The first part－sorting is also the 4.______(hard) one.Most people don’t like taking the time to do the 5.______(separate) of the rubbish and this is usually why most recycling 6.______(program) fail. However, we have reasons 7.__________(believe) that our words will work. From now on, instead of seeing the usual black rubbish cans all over the school, you 8.______(see) three different colors of rubbish cans. Pink cans are for paper, blue cans for bottles, and white ones for all other wastes. After the rubbish 9.______(sort), it needs to be collected and then taken 10.______ different rubbish recycling centers.
[语篇解读]　本文介绍了学校新的垃圾回收方案。
1．it　[考查代词。句意：尽管我们无法在短时间内拯救这个世界，但是我们可以采取一些措施来保护它。本空应用代词it代指前面提到的the world。]
2．Actually　[考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰整个句子，故用actual的副词形式。]
3．a　[考查冠词。environment表示泛指时为抽象名词，不可数，但前面有形容词修饰时往往和不定冠词a/an连用。]
4．hardest　[考查形容词的最高级。句意：第一部分——分类也是最难的一部分。根据空前的定冠词the可知本空应用形容词的最高级形式。]
5．separation　[考查名词。句意：大部分人不喜欢花时间进行垃圾分类，这通常是大多数回收方案失败的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处作do的宾语，根据空前的定冠词the可知本空应用名词形式。]
6．programs　[考查名词复数。program作“计划，方案”讲时为可数名词，且根据空前的“most”及空后的“fail”可知本空应用复数形式。]
7．to believe　[考查不定式。此处是“have reasons to do sth.”结构，意为“做某事的理由”，故填to believe。]
8．will see　[考查时态。根据时间状语“From now on”及语境可知，此处应用一般将来时，故填will see。]
9．is sorted　[考查动词的时态和语态。根据主句动词needs可知本空应用一般现在时；主语the rubbish和sort之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般现在时的被动语态。]
10．to　[考查介词。此处为“sth.＋be taken to＋地点”结构，其中to为介词，意为“向，往，到”。]
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·呼和浩特高三调研考试)An opening week held in our school last week so that we could show a great achievements we made in art education.
The art works exhibition went on from Monday to Friday, exhibit the excellent art works, such as paper cuts, paintings and flower arrangements. Both of the art works were created by the students of our school. That attracted the public most was the singing and dancing performances in Friday afternoon. All these activities draw the close attention of the public and parents as well, receiving high praises from the public.
Through these activity, the public has a better understanding of our school. As a result, we all think that the opening week was of great successful.
答案
An opening week∧washeld in our school last week so that we could show athe great achievements we made in art education.
The art works exhibition went on from Monday to Friday, exhibitexhibiting the excellent art works, such as paper cuts, paintings and flower arrangements. BothAll of the art works were created by the students of our school. ThatWhat attracted the public most waswere the singing and dancing performances inon Friday afternoon. All these activities drawdrew the close attention of the public and parents as well, receiving high praises from the public.
Through these activityactivities，the public has a better understanding of our school. As a result，we all think that the opening week was of great successfulsuccess.
规范练
第一组
Ⅰ.语法填空
(2019·佛山二模)Saving one life is heroic enough, but one American Airlines worker went above and beyond, 1.____________(save) two lives in totally separate incidents.
American Airlines customer service manager Christofer Hatcu was just wrapping up 2.____________(he) shift for the day 3.____________ he heard a commotion(骚乱). 4. ____________ (passenger) were shouting for help and making anxious phone calls to get help for a man 5.____________ had fallen on the ground. Paul Gonnelli, was having a massive heart attack. Hatcu, who used to be a volunteer firefighter, rushed into action. Gonnelli, didn’t have a pulse, so Hatcu performed CPR until doctors 6.________________(arrive)．
But Hatcu had another life 7.____________(save). Just a few minutes after rescuing Gonnelli, someone else had a heart attack. Hatcu 8.____________ (immediate) performed life-saving CPR for the second time that day. EMTs say neither of the men would 9.____________(survive) if Hatcu hadn’t been there. “I guess it’s just, I was in the right place at the right time, ” Hatcu said.
At an awards ceremony, Hatcu received a $1，000 check－and an American Airlines Real Hero cape－10.____________ his heroic deeds.
[语篇解读]　救一条生命足以为英雄之壮举。但一位航空工人在机场接连救了两个人的生命， 并受到了嘉奖。
1．saving　[考查非谓语动词。句子的主语one American Airlines worker与save之间是主动关系， 故用现在分词作状语。]
2．his　[考查代词。修饰名词shift, 应用形容词性物主代词， 故用his。]
3．when　[考查连词。be doing...when正在做……突然。when意为“正在那时”。]
4．Passengers　[考查名词复数。根据were可知此处应用复数passengers。]
5．who/that　[考查定语从句。先行词是a man, 且在从句中作主语， 故用who或that。]
6．arrived　[考查时态。根据前半句performed, 可知此处应用一般过去时， 故用arrived。]
7．to save　[考查非谓语动词。have sth. to do“有某事要做”。]
8．immediately　[考查副词。修饰动词performed应用副词。]
9．have survived　[考查虚拟语气。本句是条件句的虚拟语气， 根据hadn’t been, 可知此处是与过去的动作相反， 故主句应用would have done。]
10．for　[考查介词。for意为“因为”。]
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2019·新疆第二次适应性测试)Today is an excellent day for small improvements.It is no need to make a huge change, just a small one, something you can probably to do right now.If you learn just more than one new words each day, in the next year you will increase our vocabulary by more than 300 words.Small improvements can a