题型一 阅读理解
一、细节理解题
第一组
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解A)
Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs.The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student？Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills，find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province，you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program，which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible：Youth 15～18 years old in select communities(社区)．
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible：Students aged 15～29，returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible：Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire，but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities (机会)
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program，students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service，its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible：Students aged 15 or older.Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了省政府及其合作者提供的面向学生的四则暑期工作公告。
1．What is special about Summer Company?
A．It requires no training before employment.
B．It provides awards for running new businesses.
C．It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D．It offers more summer job opportunities.
B [细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Summer Company可直接定位到第二则暑期工作公告，而且浏览四则暑期工作公告可以发现，只有Summer Company的介绍里提到了awards(奖励)以及$3，000这样的字眼，由此可知Summer Company的特别之处在于B项“它为经营新业务提供奖励”。]
2．What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
A．15～18. B．15～24.
C．15～29. D．16～17.
D [细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Stewardship Youth Ranger Program可直接定位到第三则暑期工作公告。根据本部分中的关键信息句“Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire，but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知，这个项目的年龄要求是16岁或17岁，且在今年12月31日前不能满18岁，故选D项“16至17岁”。]
3．Which program favors the disabled?
A．Jobs for Youth.
B．Summer Company.
C．Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.
D．Summer Employment Opportunities.
D [细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词the disabled(残疾人)可直接定位到最后一则暑期工作公告中的persons with a disability，两者属于典型的同义词替换，故选D项。这个项目对残疾人在年龄方面给予了特别照顾。]
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读理解A)
My Favourite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列) of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads.
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress，Miss Trunchbull，are equally funny and frightening，but they’re also aspirational.
After Dark
Haruki Murakami
It’s about two sisters—Eri，a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping，and Mari，a young student.In trying to connect to her sister，Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse “night people” who are hiding secrets.
Gone Girl
Gillian Flynn
There was a bit of me that didn’t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did，but the horror story is brilliant.There’s tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.It’s a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what’s going on is horribly enjoyable.
The Stand
Stephen King
This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around.After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world’s population，a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left.Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇应用文。著名作家Jo Usmar向读者介绍了几本她最喜欢的书。
4．Who does “I” refer to in the text?
A．Stephen King. B．Gillian Flynn.
C．Jo Usmar. D．Roald Dahl.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“Here she picks her top reads.”可知，Jo Usmar在下文要为读者推荐几本她最喜欢的书，这说明下文中的“I”指的就是Jo Usmar。]
5．Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?
A．Cosmopolitan. B．Matilda.
C．After Dark. D．The Stand.
C [细节理解题。根据After Dark部分中的“It’s about two sisters—Eri...Mari...”可知，After Dark讲述了Mari和Eri的故事。]
6．What kind of book is Gone Girl?
A．A folk tale. B．A biography.
C．A love story. D．A horror story.
D [细节理解题。根据Gone Girl部分中的“...the horror story is brilliant.”可知，Gone Girl这本书属于恐怖故事。]
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，阅读理解D)
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station，so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem？It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution (解决方案)．“We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers，”says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests，”Gordon says.“There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal？’Basically，it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and...it’s not a very nice thing at times.It’s a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I don’t teach.”And that annoying bacteria？Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem，readying a workable solution to test in space.
[语篇解读] 本文体裁为记叙文。主题语境为人与社会，主题语境内容为科技发展。美国国家航空航天局创办了一个名为HUNCH的项目，一群高中生在项目中研究如何杀死国际空间站的细菌。本文侧重培养学生的思维品质。
7．What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A．They are hard to get rid of.
B．They lead to air pollution.
C．They appear in different forms.
D．They damage the instruments.
A [推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们对国际空间站的细菌的了解有哪些？根据题干中的关键词bacteria in the International Space Station 可定位至第一段。根据第一段中“Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station，so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.”可知，国际空间站的细菌非常难处理，所以选择A项。B：它们导致空气污染；C：它们以不同的形式出现；D：它们毁坏仪器。]
8．What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?
A．To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B．To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C．To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D．To link space technology with school education.
D [细节理解题。本题题干意为：HUNCH项目的目的是什么？第二段第一句HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.(HUNCH的设计目的是将高中教室与NASA的工程师联系在一起。)中的high school classrooms与D选项中的school education(学校教育)对应，NASA engineers与D选项中的space technology(空间技术)对应，故选D。A：为了加强师生关系；B：为了提升学生的交流技能；C：为了让学生体验失重。]
9．What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?
A．Check their product. B．Guide project designs.
C．Adjust work schedules. D．Grade their homework.
A [推理判断题。本题题干意为：NASA的工程师为参加此项目的学生做了些什么？根据题干中的NASA engineers do 可定位至第三段的Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and...it’s not a very nice thing at times.It’s a hard business review of your product，句中两次出现 review(检查，审查)，证明NASA的工程师做的事情就是对学生做出的研究结果进行检查，所以答案是A项。B：指导项目设计；C：调整工作时间表；D：给他们的作业打分。]
10．What is the best title for the text?
A．NASA：The Home of Astronauts
B．Space：The Final Homework Frontier
C．Nature：An Outdoor Classroom
D．HUNCH：A College Admission Reform
B [主旨要义题。本题题干意为：最适合本文的标题是什么？本文主要介绍HUNCH项目，这个项目是有关太空研究的，而且研究者都是高中生。根据以上要点可知，最佳选项是B项(Space：The Final Homework Frontier)，Space 对应太空研究，Homework 对应高中教育，Frontier(前沿)突出了这个项目的领先性。A：NASA：The Home of Astronauts，文章并非重点介绍NASA；C：Nature：An Outdoor Classroom，Nature并不聚焦太空领域；D：HUNCH：A College Admission Reform，HUNCH项目不是大学入学改革。]
第二组
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解A)
Washington, D．C.Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D．C.
Duration: 3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D．C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability－and the cherry blossoms－disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D．C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D．C.
Duration: 3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D．C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (7 miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D．C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了在华盛顿特区骑自行车观光的四条路线、参观的主要景点和从事的活动。
1．Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D．C.
B．Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D．C.
D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
A [细节理解题。根据第一条旅行路线介绍的最后一句“Reserve your spot before availability－and the cherry blossoms－disappear！”可知，选择第一条旅行路线需要提前预订。]
2．What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A．Meet famous people.
B．Go to a national park.
C．Visit well-known museums.
D．Enjoy interesting stories.
D [细节理解题。根据第三条旅行路线介绍中的“Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.”可知，选择这条旅行路线的游客可以在观光过程中听导游讲故事。]
3．Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A．City maps. B．Cameras.
C．Meals. D．Safety lights.
D [细节理解题。第四条旅行路线是夜间游览，根据该段介绍的最后一句“All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.”可知，该路线为夜间骑车观光的游客提供反光背心和安全灯。]
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解B)
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning，but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role－showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money：Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant，” she explains. “I pay ￡5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food，but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”
The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Money：Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money：Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了在英国的一档名为Save Money：Good Food的电视节目。主持人Susanna Reid和厨师Matt Tebbutt向观众介绍如何少花钱做出营养丰富的、可口的食物。
4．What do we know about Susanna Reid?
A．She enjoys embarrassing her guests.
B．She has started a new programme.
C．She dislikes working early in the morning.
D．She has had a tight budget for her family.
B [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget”可推知，这位电视节目主持人正在主持一档新的节目，介绍如何少花钱做出好吃的饭菜。]
5．How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A．He buys cooking materials for her.
B．He prepares food for her kids.
C．He assists her in cooking matters.
D．He invites guest families for her.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“In Save Money：Good Food，she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste，while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day.”可知，在节目中，厨师Matt Tebbutt帮助Susanna Reid给家庭提出关于如何减少食物浪费的建议和准备食谱。]
6．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?
A．Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B．Provide some advice for the readers.
C．Add some background information.
D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
C [写作意图题。上文介绍了Save Money：Good Food这个电视节目的情况，本段介绍了与此相关的节目Save Money：Good Health的情况，旨在提供一些背景信息。]
7．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Keeping Fit by Eating Smart
B．Balancing Our Daily Diet
C．Making Yourself a Perfect Chef
D．Cooking Well for Less
D [标题判断题。本文介绍了由Susanna Reid主持的一档电视节目，给观众介绍如何少花钱做出好吃的又有营养的饭菜，因此本文的最佳标题应为Cooking Well for Less。]
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读理解A)
Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens
Visitor Information
How_to_Get_to_Holker
By Car：Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere－20 minutes, Kendal－25 minutes, Lancaster－45 minutes, Manchester－1 hour 30 minutes.
By Rail：The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.
Opening_Times
Sunday－Friday(closed on Saturday) 11：00 a．m.－4：00 p．m., 30th March－2nd November.
Admission_Charges
Hall & Gardens Gardens
Adults： ￡12.00 ￡8.00
Groups： ￡9.00 ￡5.50
Special Events
Producers’_Market 13th April
Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.
Holker_Garden_Festival 30th May
The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
National_Garden_Day 28th August
Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.
Winter_Market 8th November
This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了英国旅游胜地霍克庄园。
8．How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?
A．20 minutes. B．25 minutes.
C．45 minutes. D．90 minutes.
D [细节理解题。根据Visitor Information部分的“How_to_Get_to_Holker”，“Manchester－1 hour 30 minutes”可知，从曼彻斯特到霍克庄园需要1小时30分钟，即90分钟。]
9．How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens?
A．￡12.00. B．￡9.00.
C．￡8.00. D．￡5.50.
B [细节理解题。根据“Admission_Charges”可知，参观霍克庄园时，购买团体票(Groups)的价格为￡9.00，即每人9英镑。]
10．Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?
A．Producers’ Market.
B．Holker Garden Festival.
C．National Garden Day.
D．Winter Market.
D [细节理解题。根据Special Events部分的“Winter Market”，“enjoying a live music show”可知，Winter Market为正确答案。]
第三组
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读理解D)
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝)and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航)tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains：“For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”
Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains：“The DriveLAB” is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.
For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。老年驾驶人员由于种种原因不想驾驶车辆， 而研究人员试图通过开发新技术， 让老年人继续享受驾驶车辆带来的乐趣。
1．What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A．To explore new means of transport.
B．To design new types of cars.
C．To find out older drivers’ problems.
D. To teach people traffic rules.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子“...in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are”可知， DriveLAB的目的是了解老年驾驶人员所面临的挑战和发现他们不想驾驶车辆的关键所在， 故答案为C。]
2．Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A．It keeps them independent.
B．It helps them save time.
C．It builds up their strength.
D．It cures their mental illnesses.
A [细节理解题。根据第四段中的句子“For many older people...driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”可知， 老年人开车的重要性在于能够保持独立性， 获得不依赖别人出行的自由， 故答案为A。]
3．What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A．Improve their driving skills.
B．Develop driver-assist technologies.
C．Provide tips on repairing their cars.
D．Organize regular physical checkups.
B [细节理解题。根据第三、四段的内容可知， 研究人员正在开发一些车载技术帮助老年人继续驾车， 这些技术包括定制的导航技术custom-made navigation tools, 夜视系统night vision systems和智能速度适应器intelligent speed adaptations。故答案为B。]
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．A New Model Electric Car
B．A Solution to Traffic Problem
C．Driving Services for Elders
D．Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
D [主旨大意题。通读全文可知， 文章主要是关于针对老年人开车的问题， 研究人员试图开发出一些新技术， 以使老年人继续享受开车的乐趣， 故答案为D。]
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解A)
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于)upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
◆Hungry?
Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body？Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情)for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
[语篇解读] 如果你去参观太平洋科学馆， 你要参观什么地方？如果你饿了， 该怎么办？又该把你的东西存放在哪里？本文回答了这些问题， 并呼吁社会各界支持科学馆。
5．Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A．In Building 1.
B．In Building 3.
C．At the Laser Dome.
D．At the Denny Way entrance.
B [细节理解题。根据Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store中的关键词souvenir to remember your visit可知在Pacific Science Center’s Store可以买到纪念品， 这个商店位于Building 3。故选B。]
6．What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?
A．Train science teachers.
B．Distribute science books.
C．Inspire scientific research.
D．Take science to the classroom.
D [细节理解题。根据Support Pacific Science Center中的“Today, Pacific Science Center...brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms”可知， 太平洋科学馆把科学带进了教室。故选D。]
7．What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
A．To encourage donations.
B．To advertise coming events.
C．To introduce special exhibits.
D．To tell about the Center’s history.
A [推理判断题。根据最后一段的小标题Support Pacific Science Center以及这一段的最后一句“...to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.”可知， 目的是让人们给予太平洋科学馆更多的赞助和捐赠。故选A。]
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读理解B)
Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.
The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater’s location(位置)was also a reason. “This used to be the center of town，”he said. “Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”
Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.
The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。Plaza Theater剧院虽然有75年的历史， 但是随着社会的发展， 在时代大潮的冲击下面临着被关闭的命运， 这究竟是喜是忧呢？
8．In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?
A．It made room for new equipment.
B．It signaled the closedown of the theater.
C．It was done with the help of the audience.
D．It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.
B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子“As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.”可知， 这场电影放映完后剧院就将关闭了， 故答案为B。]
9．Why was The Last Picture Show put on?
A．It was an all-time classic.
B．It was about the history of the town.
C．The audience requested it.
D．The theater owner found it suitable.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的句子“Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.”可知， 电影The Last Picture Show讲述的内容和剧院的命运一样， 剧院经理Ed Bradford认为放映此部电影非常契合此时的情景， 故答案为D。]
10．What will probably happen to the building?
A．It will be repaired.
B．It will be turned into a museum.
C．It will be knocked down.
D．It will be sold to the city government.
C [细节理解题。根据第四段中的句子“Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.”可知， 剧院经理把剧院和剧院所在的地皮卖给了一家当地的开发商， 开发商要在此地建造一座购物中心， 故答案为C。]
11．What can we infer about the audience?
A．They are disappointed with Bradford.
B．They are sad to part with the old theater.
C．They are supportive of the city officials.
D．They are eager to have a shopping center.
B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的句子“most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building”可知， 观众们观看电影时眼含热泪向剧院道别；根据末段的内容和句子“The theater will be missed.”可知， 观众们会非常思念曾经存在的剧院， 故可推断出答案为B。]
第一组
Tips for Cycle Trips
Cycling has many advantages as a form of travel, as it is the fastest way to travel by human power, and slow enough to allow the type of local involvement that is impossible with powered travel. Cycle travel is also a cheap form of transportation.
Distance
On level terrain, without a headwind, a cyclist of average fitness on a touring bike can comfortably cover 60—120km a day. Distances of up to 250km a day are possible, but anything much beyond 120km will require considerable physical tension and not allow many stops to enjoy the places you visit. For many, 80－100km a day will be the most suitable distance to aim for, as it will give a sense of achievement and also leave plenty of time for meals and activities.
Geography
The gradient (坡度)of the trip will reduce your range. A basic rule is that for every 100 metres of altitude you climb, you should add an extra 15 minutes to your journey time. In hilly or mountainous areas, the easiest routes for cycling are downstream along major rivers, as overall they will be downhill. A long, roundabout route along a river will usually be easier than a short, direct route over a hill or mountain pass. However, it is worth bearing in mind that the most scenic routes often come from hilly terrain.
Eat
Food choice depends largely on where you are, so see the respective sections for more information about foods. As you will be working hard, it’s important to get enough energy in your food. On long trips away from major towns there may be little quality food available, so be prepared to live on candy bars, prepared meat products and the like if the need arises.
Sleep
While you can take a tent with you, many hotels and especially campsites can accommodate cyclists. However, there are also some hotels that may be less used to accommodating cyclists. If you are exploring an unfamiliar world, asking about the accommodation spares you the search for a new place to stay after a long exhausting day of travel.
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了关于骑车旅行的距离，地理位置及过程中的饮食和睡觉等注意事项。
1．Which of the following distance does the author suggest to ordinary cyclists a day?
A．50km. B．90km.
C．130km. D．250km.
B [细节理解题。第二段提到“On level terrain，without a headwind，a cyclist of average fitness on a touring bike can comfortably cover 60－120km a day.”在一定地形条件下，没有逆风的情况下，一个健康的骑车人的行程每天应在60到120千米之间，故选B项。]
2．From the passage, we can learn that______．
A．high quality food is easy to get on long trips
B．hotels seldom provide accommodation for cyclists
C．cycling over a mountain is challenging but worthy
D．it takes cyclists 15 minutes to climb 100m of altitude
C [推理判断题。第三段提到“A long，roundabout route along a river will usually be easier than a short，direct route over a hill or mountain pass.However，it is worth bearing in mind that the most scenic routes often come from hilly terrain.”绕河的路线比绕山的路线简单，但绕山的风景是漂亮的，故选C项。]
3．We can probably read this passage in______．
A．a geography book B．a research report
C．a science fiction D．a travel magazine
D [推理判断题。本文讲到骑车旅行距离，地理位置，食物及睡觉的注意事宜，故可在旅行杂志上看到，故选D项。]
AT&T started its “It Can Wait” campaign against texting while driving in 2010. They call on all drivers to sign up for a 21-day pledge (保证)－a pledge to not text and drive. Since then, research suggests there has been a connection between the campaign activities and a reduction in crashes. Almost half of the people who have made pledges say they now don’t use their smartphones while driving.
However, AT&T has found that even though nearly 99 percent of drivers understand that texting while driving is dangerous, nearly 70 percent do it anyway. Some say they do it because they think they’re better at multitasking than others. Some say they only use their phones at red lights, or they only quickly glance at their phones sometimes. Others say they’re trying to stop, but believe that distracted (注意力不集中的) driving is even “addictive”．
Over the years, we have found some effective ways to deal with distracted driving. One is to use user-friendly tools to help drivers resist the urge to glance at their phones while behind the wheel. Countless hands-free devices (装置) and Bluetooth speakers combined with a mobile app will, when active, automatically block incoming notifications sensing that the car is in motion. With the right devices, drivers can stay connected without taking their eyes off the road.
The second way is really important. AT&T’s studies found that most smartphone users have a significant amount of their interactions with just five people. They also found that more than 80 percent of drivers said they would immediately stop using their phone while driving if a loved one or someone in their top friends list asked them to. We urge everyone to act on this information.
Distracted driving is a bad habit, and bad habits are tough to break. But if we work together－and keep communicating our concerns with the people we love－we can make a difference.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了两种约束不专心驾驶行为的方法，并且分析了司机明知注意力不集中有危险，还接电话的心理原因，建议人们要与自己所爱的人多沟通，帮助他们摒弃这一陋习。
4．What can we infer about the “It Can Wait” campaign?
A．It aims to end aggressive driving.
B．It provides help for drivers in emergencies.
C．It works well in reducing road accidents.
D．It makes efforts to improve road conditions.
C [细节理解题。由第一段中的“research suggests there has been a connection...while driving”可知，“It Can Wait”运动在减少交通事故方面起到了一定的作用。由第一段首句“AT&T started its “It Can Wait”campaign against texting while driving in 2010.”可知，这项运动旨在减少人们边开车边发短信的做法，而A项中的aggressive driving指具有蓄意成分的“侵略性驾驶”，如蛇形换道、横冲直撞、大声鸣笛等等，这与文章内容不相符。]
5．Distracted driving is still at a high level because of ______．
A．high pressure from daily life
B．the side effects of drugs
C．lack of strict traffic laws
D．drivers’ attitude problems
D [细节理解题。由第二段中的“...nearly 70 percent do it anyway. Some say they do it because they think they’re better at multitasking than others...is even ‘addictive’”可知，AT &T的研究发现，将近70%的人仍然边开车边发短信，他们这样做是因为态度问题。 ]
6．How do hands-free devices with an app help drivers?
A．By reminding them to call later.
B．By preventing the incoming calls.
C．By telling callers to leave a message.
D．By warning them of the possible danger.
B [细节理解题。由第三段中的“combined with a mobile app will，when active，automatically block incoming notifications sensing that the car is in motion”可知，这些工具如果被激活，能自动感应到汽车在行驶，阻止来电通知。]
7．What suggestion is made to deal with distracted driving in Paragraph 4?
A．Use the power of public opinion.
B．Educate drivers to learn self-control.
C．Communicate more with safe drivers.
D．Let people close to drivers remind them.
D [推理判断题。概括第四段中提到的第二种方法可知，人们常用手机与五个关系最亲密的人联系，故建议利用司机最亲密的人对他的影响来减少不专心驾驶现象。A项“利用舆论的力量”范围太大，文章中也没有提及教育司机提高他们的自控能力和让他们与别的安全驾驶的司机交流，故B、C项均错误。]
China’s latest generation train Fuxing with a top speed of 400 km/h is the first bullet train designed and manufactured by Chinese engineers without help from the West.Chinese companies spent just 13 years learning to build world-class high-speed trains after studying knowhow (技能) from leading firms in developed countries, such as Japan, France, Germany and Canada.
Fuxing bullet trains are expected to travel between Shanghai and Beijing, and the railway line is the busiest in China and serves 505，000 passengers daily. There are currently two models under the Fuxing series, namely CR400AF and CR400BF. Both models were disclosed on June 26, 2017. A CR400AF model started from Beijing South Railway Station at 11：05 a．m. local time for Shanghai. At the same time, a CR400BF model left Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station for Beijing. In daily operation, they would run at a consistent speed of 350 km/h, which means it would take the train three and a half hours to travel between Shanghai and Beijing, or an hour and 20 minutes between London and Paris. Currently, the travel time between Shanghai and Beijing is around five hours by train.
The smooth and superfast bullet trains are also very comfortable as they provide free WiFi coverage and more legroom (供伸腿的空间) in all carriages. The onboard monitoring system of Fuxing has been described as sophisticated (先进的). It could automatically slow the train in case of emergencies or abnormal conditions. Workers from more than 20 Chinese companies joined forces to form a team in order to build Fuxing in the past three years.
As China puts its latest train model into use, the country is also keeping an eye on the overseas market. Fuxing is expected to run in foreign countries, such as Russia. The Fuxing bullet trains will operate on the Chinese networks as well as on the MoscowKazan high-speed railway in Russia. The 770-kilometre-long railway line between Moscow and Kazan is designed for trains that could travel at 400 km/h.
[语篇解读] 2017年6月26日，中国自主研发的最新一代高速列车——“复兴号”动车组列车从北京和上海同时发车，代表着中国具有完全自主知识产权的高速列车又取得了长足的进步，在世界上掀起了又一股中国高铁旋风，一时成为热点话题。
8．What can we learn about the Fuxing train from the text?
A．It is China’s first generation bullet train.
B．It was designed by Western engineers.
C．It will run at a speed of 350 km/h in operation.
D．It took Chinese engineers 13 years to make it.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In daily operation，they would run at a consistent speed of 350 km/h”可知，在日常运行中“复兴号”将以每小时350千米的速度运行。]
9．The distance from London to Paris is about______．
A．350km B．470km
C．770km D．22，000km
B [数字计算题。根据第二段中的“In daily operation，they would run at a consistent speed of 350 km/h，which means it would take the train three and a half hours to travel between Shanghai and Beijing，or an hour and 20 minutes between London and Paris.”可知，从伦敦到巴黎乘坐“复兴号”需要八十分钟，而“复兴号”时速350千米，故350×(80/60)≈467(千米)。]
10．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Fuxing trains will be exported.
B．Russia has put Fuxing trains into use.
C．Fuxing trains will be used only in China.
D．The Chinese built the MoscowKazan high-speed railway line.
A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As China puts its latest train model into use，the country is also keeping an eye on the overseas market.Fuxing is expected to run in foreign countries”可知，A项符合题意。]
11．What is the text mainly about?
A．The history of bullet trains.
B．China’s high-speed railway.
C．China’s latest high-speed trains.
D．The world-class high-speed trains.
C [主旨大意题。文章介绍了中国自主研发的最新一代高速列车——“复兴号”。latest是解题关键词。]
第二组
Louis Armstrong had two famous nicknames.Some people called him Bagamo.They said his mouth looked like a large bag.Musicians often called him Pops, as a sign of respect for his influence on the world of music.
Born in 1901 in New Orleans, he grew up poor, but lived among great musicians.Jazz was invented in the city a few years before his birth.Armstrong often said, “Jazz and I grew up together.”
Armstrong showed a great talent for music when he was taught to play the cornet(短号) at a boy’s home.In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician.He played in parades, clubs, and on the steamboats that traveled on the Mississippi River.At that time, New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians.Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal.
In 1922 he went to Chicago.There, the tale of Louis Armstrong begins.From then until the end of his life, Armstrong was celebrated and loved wherever he went.Armstrong had no equal when it came to playing the American popular song.
His cornet playing had a deep humanity(仁爱) and warmth that caused many listeners to say, “Listening to Pops just makes you feel good all over.” He was the father of the jazz style and also one of the best-known and most-admired people in the world.His death, on July 6，1971, was headline news around the world.
[语篇解读] 本文详细介绍了爵士乐之父Armstrong的一生以及他对音乐的巨大贡献。
1．Armstrong was called Pops because he ______．
A．looked like a musician
B．was a musician of much influence
C．showed an interest in music
D．traveled to play modern music
B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Musicians often called him Pops, as a sign of respect for his influence on the world of music.”和第三段中的“In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician...Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal.”可判断出Armstrong 被称为Pops是因为他是具有影响力的音乐家。]
2．The third paragraph is developed ______．
A．by space B．by examples
C．by time D．by comparison
C [推理判断题。短文的第三段讲述了Armstrong在童年时显露出音乐天赋、在青少年开始音乐家的生活、之后成名，由此可推断出这一段是按时间顺序来写的。]
3．Which statement about Armstrong is true?
A．His tale begins in New Orleans.
B．He was born before jazz was invented.
C．His music was popular with his listeners.
D．He learned popular music at a boy’s home.
C [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“His cornet playing had a deep humanity(仁爱) and warmth that caused many listeners to say, ‘Listening to Pops just makes you feel good all over.’”可判断出选项C是正确的。]
4．Which would be the best title for the text?
A．The Invention of the Jazz Music
B．The Father of the Jazz Style
C．The Making of a Musician
D．The Spread of Popular Music
B [标题归纳题。这篇短文讲述了Armstrong成为爵士乐之父的过程，短文最后一段中的“He was the father of the jazz style and also one of the best-known and most-admired people in the world.”点明了主题，所以最好的题目应该是：The Father of the Jazz Style。]
Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测) in reaction to climate change，which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.
Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the worlds changing some living patterns, scientists say.
Increased carbon dioxide(CO2) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.
“Predicting species’ reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology，” said the researchers of several U．S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.
The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1，634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.
“Across all species, the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance—for both leafing and flowering－that results from temperature increases，” the study said.
The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.
Plants are necessary for life on the Earth.They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis(光合作用) to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8°C since 1900, and nearly 0.2°C every ten years since 1979.
So far, efforts to cut emissions(排放) of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2°C this century—a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.
[语篇解读] 文章论述了全球变暖的气候环境会让植物提前生长开花，进而影响整个食物链及生态系统。
5．What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?
A．Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.
B．The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’ expectation.
C．Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.
D．Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.
B [主旨大意题。根据第一段“Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测) in reaction to climate change...”可知本题应选B项。]
6．We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that ______．
A．plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing
B．there are 1，634 plant species on the four continents
C．scientists should improve the design of the experiments
D．the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change
C [细节理解题。根据文章第五段最后一句话“It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估) the speed of flowering...”以及第七段“The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict...”可知，本题应选C项。]
7．Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because ______．
A．they can prove the climate change clearly
B．they are very important in the food chains
C．they play a leading role in reducing global warming
D．they are growing and flowering much faster than before
B [细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains...”可知，本题选B项。]
8．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?
A．It has risen nearly 0.2°C since 1979.
B．Its change will lead to weather extremes.
C．It is 0.8°C higher in 1979 than that of 1900.
D．It needs to be controlled within 2°C in this century.
D [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“...beyond 2°C this century—a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate...leading to drought, floods...”可知，必须将上升温度控制在2°C以内才可能不会出现危险状况，故选D项。]
My dearest son and daughter，
The story of New Jersey high school student Rachel Canning suing(起诉) her parents for child support and high school education inspired me to write you a little letter. Let me just put this out there: the only way I expect to see you in a court is as a lawyer or a judge.
There are two things about this case that seem to be a disaster.
First, it’s natural for parents and children to argue. I can guarantee that we will disagree. One or both of you will, at some point, scream at the top of your lungs the various ways you hate me. And I won’t always like you, either. But I will always love you and do everything I can to keep your best interests as my focus, even when I’m so angry. We are family.That means we are as much a part of one another as the flesh, blood and bones in our body. And we all should think about it very deeply instead of breaking that.
Second, I’ll be honest, no matter how far apart we are on your life choices，your father and I will most certainly pay everything we can for your higher education.But that doesn’t mean you deserve it. To be clear, that is a privilege we happily extend(给予) to you－not a right you are born with.And you will have to work hard to earn that privilege. Growing up is hard work.
If I do my job properly as your mother－and you do yours as my children－you would sooner get a job or two, and find a way to make your dreams come true than go to trial over what you think you have the right to.
Love always，
Mom
[语篇解读] 本文是一封书信。一个女孩因抚养费和大学费用问题将自己的父母告上了法庭。本文作者受此事件的启发，在信中告诉自己的孩子从此事件中应学到的两点建议。
9．The mother writes this letter because she wants her children to ______．
A．be prepared for education
B．learn a lesson from the case
C．take up the legal profession
D．remember Rachel Canning
B [推理判断题。由全文整体可知，这位母亲想让子女们从这起事件中得到些启示。故选B项。]
10．When in disagreement, the mother expects her children not to ______．
A．guarantee anything
B．scream out their anger
C．break the family bond
D．forget their best interests
C [细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“And we all should think about it very deeply instead of breaking that.”可知母亲希望子女不要拆散血缘纽带。故选C项。]
11．The mother thinks of parents’ paying for their children’s higher education as ______．
A．a way in which children realize their dreams
B．a test of whether parents love their children
C．a privilege that children should earn
D．a right that parents are born with
C [细节理解题。由倒数第二段第三句“To be clear, that is a privilege we happily extend(给予) to you－not a right you are born with.”可知这是一种孩子们应当挣得的而不是天生的权利。 故选C项。]
第三组
You’ll probably never go to Mars or sing on the stage with the Rolling Stones. But if virtual reality (VR) ever lives up to its promise, you might be able to do all these things－and many more－without even leaving your home. Unlike real reality, virtual reality means simulating (模仿) bits of our world. Apart from games and entertainment, it’s long been used for training airline pilots and surgeons and for helping scientists to figure out complex problems such as the structure of protein molecules (分子). Then how does it work?
Close your eyes and think of virtual reality and you probably picture something like this: a man wearing a wraparound headset and data gloves wired into a powerful workstation or super-computer. What distinguishes VR from an ordinary computer experience is the nature of the input and output. Where an ordinary computer uses things like a keyboard，a mouse，or speech recognition for input, VR uses sensors that detect how your body is moving. And where a PC displays output on a screen, VR uses two screens (one for each eye), surround-sound speakers, and maybe some forms of touch and body feedback as well.
VR has been routinely used by scientists, doctors, dentists, engineers, architects, archaeologists, and the military for about the last 30 years. Difficult and dangerous jobs are hard to train for.How can you safely practice taking a trip to space, making a parachute jump, or carrying out brain surgery? All these things are obvious candidates for virtual reality applications.
Like any technology, virtual reality has both good and bad points. Critics always raise the risk that people may be addicted to alternative reality to the point of ignoring their real world lives－but that criticism has been leveled on everything from radio and TV to computer games and the Internet. Like many technologies, VR takes little or nothing away from the real world: you don’t have to use it if you don’t want to.
[语篇解读] 文章向我们介绍了什么是虚拟现实，以及虚拟现实在我们现实生活中的广泛应用，最后介绍了作者对虚拟现实的看法和态度。
1．What equipment do we probably need for virtual reality?
A．A keyboard, a headset and a super-computer.
B．A headset, data gloves and speech recognition.
C．A headset, data gloves and a super-computer.
D．A keyboard, a mouse and speech recognition.
C 细节理解题。由第二段中的“a man wearing a wraparound headset and data gloves wired into a powerful workstation or super-computer”可知，虚拟现实需要的装备有连接着工作站或超级笔记本的贴面式耳机和数据手套。故选C项。
2．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ______．
A．the principles of virtual reality
B．the applications of virtual reality
C．the history of virtual reality
D．the influences of virtual reality
B [段落大意题。由该段的主题句“VR has been routinely used by scientists，doctors...military for about the last 30 years.”及最后一句“All these things are obvious candidates for virtual reality applications.”可知，该段讲述的是虚拟现实的应用。]
3．According to the passage, virtual reality means ______．
A．imagining beautiful things in our mind
B．creating something that doesn’t exist
C．experiencing things that don’t really exist
D．cloning something that has died out
C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“You’ll probably never go to Mars or sing...without even leaving your home.”可知，利用虚拟现实，你可以不出家门就能体验登陆火星、与滚石乐队同台演唱，即所谓的虚拟现实就是体验不存在的、模仿现实世界的东西。]
4．What is the writer’s attitude towards VR?
A．Appreciative. B．Cautious.
C．Skeptical. D．Indifferent.
A [观点态度题。文章先介绍了什么是虚拟现实，然后向我们介绍虚拟现实的广泛应用，客观地介绍了虚拟现实的利弊，最后对批评的声音进行了驳斥，阐明了作者自己的观点“VR takes little or nothing away from the real world：you don’t have to use it if you don’t want to.”由此可见，作者对VR持赞赏态度。故选A。]
(2019·深圳调研)Here are Important Travel Notices from United Airlines，March 20，2019，7：12 a．m..Information is updated as it is received.
◆1.Travel and the Zika virus
If you have a ticket for travel to a country affected by the Zika virus (as listed on the CDC website) and have concerns，please contact the United Customer Contact Center with any questions or changes to your reservation.Customers advised to avoid the affected regions based on CDC guidance may change their destination or travel date without a fee or may choose to receive a refund(退款) if their tickets were booked before February 29，2019.The new travel date must be within the validity of the ticket.Additional charges may apply if there is a difference in fare for the new travel route.
◆ 2.Longer lines at security checkpoints
Procedural changes at TSA checkpoints throughout the United States may result in longer lines at security checkpoints. Please plan accordingly and allow for extra time at the airport.The TSA advises arriving at the airport two hours before your flight for US travel and three hours before for international travel.To save time at security，we encourage you to visit www.tsa.gov.com and apply for TSA pre-check.
◆3.Notice for flights departing the European Union，Norway and Switzerland
EU Regulation 261/2004 requires airlines to provide the following notice: If you are not allowed to board or if your flight is cancelled or delayed for at least two hours，ask at the check-in counter or boarding gate for the form，stating your rights，particularly about compensation and assistance.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了来自美国航空公司的三则重要的旅游通知。
5．Travelers have to pay additional fees when they want to______.
A．change their reservation
B．change travel date
C．receive their refund
D．change to a dearer route
D [细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Additional charges may apply if there is a difference in fare for the new travel route.”可知，当旅行者想要改换为更贵的旅游线路时，他们需要额外付费。故选D。]
6．What do we know from Notice 2?
A．Security check possibly takes time in the USA.
B．Security checkpoints are not available.
C．Security check wastes a long time.
D．Pre-check can easily be done online.
A [推理判断题。根据第三段“Procedural changes at TSA checkpoints throughout the United States may result in longer lines at security checkpoints. Please plan accordingly and allow for extra time at the airport.”可知，安检处排队的人较多说明机场安检要花很长时间。故选A。]
7．Compensation can be asked for when______．
A．passengers refuse to board the plane
B．passengers’ trip is cancelled in advance
C．passengers’ flight is delayed at least two hours
D．passengers miss their flight due to traffic jams
C [细节理解题。根据第三则通知中的“if your flight is cancelled or delayed for at least two hours，ask at the check-in counter or boarding gate for the form, stating your rights，particularly about compensation and assistance”可知，当旅客的航班延误超过两个小时时，可以要求赔偿。故选C。]
(2019·长沙四校模拟)If you are like most people，chances are that you have experienced déjà vu (似曾经历过的感觉)．For most people，the feeling is sudden and temporary.But for a 23-year-old British patient it lasted for over eight years.
The young man’s symptoms began in 2007.While he had always suffered from anxiety，his condition worsened when he entered university.By 2010，the young man’s symptoms had become so severe that he had given up watching television，listening to the radio and reading newspapers.
Christine Wells，a researcher who led the latest study says that they couldn’t find any signs of neurological problem in this young man’s case.Thus，long déjà vu is a side effect for people that suffer from severe anxiety.
Fortunately these cases are rare.According to researchers，the part of the brain that plays an important part in memory is responsible for the feeling.However，its sudden and unforeseen occurrences make it impossible to find out the exact cause of déjà vu.There are a few theories that have been put forth.
Psychologist Dr.Akira O’Connor believes it occurs when the part of the brain that sends signals related to familiarity and memory doesn’t work temporarily and sends them out of turn.Professor Anne Cleary thinks that it occurs when a person encounters something that is really familiar like the shape of a structure or the way a room is laid out.This causes the brain to believe that it has seen it all before，creating a sense of déjà vu.
So the next time you experience that strange feeling of “already seen”，take a moment to reflect on one of these theories.Maybe you can help researchers find out the reason behind this phenomenon.
[语篇解读] 本文作者从一个英国人患病的症状导入，介绍了跟“似曾经历过的感觉”这一现象相关的研究内容。
8．What do we know about the British patient’s déjà vu?
A．It is sudden and temporary.
B．It has stopped him from studying.
C．It has little effect on his life.
D．It may be caused by his severe anxiety.
D [推理判断题。根据第一、二段的内容和第三段的“Thus，long déjà vu is a side effect for people that suffer from severe anxiety.”可知，这个英国人的病症可能是由他的重度焦虑引起的。故答案选D项。]
9．Professor Anne Cleary’s analysis of déjà vu is based on the fact that______．
A．some parts of people’s brain don’t work properly
B．human brains often send some signals out of turn
C．people often have a bad memory for their experience
D．something people meet with causes illusions in their brain
D [细节理解题。根据倒数笫二段的“Professor Anne Cleary thinks that it occurs when a person encounters something that is really familiar like the shape of a structure or the way a room is laid out.”可知，Anne Cleary教授认为这种现象往往发生在人们遇到熟悉的东西的时候。故答案选D项。]
10．What does the author want to say in the last paragraph?
A．We should learn to reflect on what we have experienced.
B．We can help researchers develop another theory about déjà vu.
C．We are able to give a hand in finding the reason for déjà vu.
D．We may help a lot uncover the mysterious work of the human brain.
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，人们在产生这种感觉时，可以留意和思考一下这些理论，或许会帮助科学家们找出这种现象背后的原因。故答案选C项。]
11．What is the purpose of this passage?
A．To report some studies about déjà vu.
B．To seek some solutions to déjà vu.
C．To call on people to fight against déjà vu.
D．To introduce a British patient of déjà vu.
A [写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者从一个英国人患病的症状导入，介绍了跟“似曾经历过的感觉”这一现象相关的研究内容。故答案选A项。]
二、推理判断题
第一组
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解C)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologies－like fingerprint scans－to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to－regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文，介绍了一种防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘。
1．Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A．To reduce pressure on keys.
B．To improve accuracy in typing.
C．To replace the password system.
D．To cut the cost of e-space protection.
D [事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句“At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.”和第二段第一句“...they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem”可知，研发智能键盘的目的是为了降低保护电子空间的成本。]
2．What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A．Computers are much easier to operate.
B．Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C．Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D．Data security measures are guaranteed.
C [事实细节题。根据第三段“Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.”可知，人与人打字的模式不同，使得这一发明能够实现其功能。]
3．What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A．It’ll be environment-friendly.
B．It’ll reach consumers soon.
C．It’ll be made of plastics.
D．It’ll help speed up typing.
B [事实细节题。根据最后一段“the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future”可知，实现智能键盘商业化很容易，并且其造价并不昂贵，因此研发团队希望在不久的将来能将其投放市场。]
4．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A diary. B．A guidebook.
C．A novel. D．A magazine.
D [推理判断题。本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘，由此可推断本文最有可能刊登在(科学)杂志上。]
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读理解C)
Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”－a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible (but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer’s office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny－usually two or three cents was charged－and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public’s fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures (企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了随着人类社会的发展，报纸从最初的小众消费品发展成为人人都能“读得起”的大众读物的发展过程。
5．Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?
A．Academic. B．Unattractive.
C．Inexpensive. D．Confidential.
B [事实细节题。根据第一段第四句和第五句“In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding.”可知，当时的报纸并不吸引人。unattractive可同义异构为文中的dull and visually forbidding。]
6．What did street sales mean to newspapers?
A．They would be priced higher.
B．The
题型三 完形填空
第一组
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting, Ehlers__1__about the small dog he had seen__2__alongside the road. He had__3__to coax (哄) the dog to him but, frightened, it had__4__.
Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that__5__dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove__6__. After a long and careful__7__， Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving__8__away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with__9__. It just started licking (舔) Ehlers’ face.
A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one__10__as lost in the local paper. The ad had a__11__number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers__12__the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had__13__their dog.
Jeff had__14__in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched__15__for Rosie in the next four days.
Ehlers returned to Minnesota, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who__16__enough to go to that kind of__17__，” says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue__18__．
“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as__19__to it as I am to my dogs，” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be__20__to go that extra mile.”
1．A.read B．forgot
C．thought D．heard
2．A.fighting B．trembling
C．eating D．sleeping
3．A.tried B．agreed
C．promised D．regretted
4．A.calmed down B．stood up
C．rolled over D．run off
5．A.injured B．stolen
C．lost D．rescued
6．A.home B．past
C．back D．on
7．A.preparation B．explanation
C．test D．search
8．A.cautiously B．casually
C．skillfully D．angrily
9．A.surprise B．joy
C．hesitation D．anxiety
10．A.predicted B．advertised
C．believed D．recorded
11．A.house B．phone
C．street D．car
12．A.called B．copied
C．counted D．remembered
13．A.fed B．adopted
C．found D．cured
14．A.hunted B．skied
C．lived D．worked
15．A.on purpose B．on time
C．in turn D．in vain
16．A.cares B．sees
C．suffers D．learns
17．A.place B．trouble
C．waste D．extreme
18．A.service B．plan
C．effort D．team
19．A.equal B．allergic
C．grateful D．close
20．A.suitable B．proud
C．wise D．willing
[语篇解读] Ehlers在打猎时在路边发现了一只走丢的小狗，他试图哄它到自己身边来，未能成功。回家后，Ehlers还是很担心这只小狗。四天后他和朋友又出去找到了这只小狗，并且联系上了它的主人。
1．C [第一段最后一句“to coax(哄) the dog to him but, frightened，...”提到了小狗，说明在打猎回家的路上，Ehlers想起了他在路边看到过的那只小狗。]
2．B [根据第一段最后一句话中的frightened可知，小狗见到打猎的Ehlers时很害怕，由此可推知当时小狗见到猎人受到惊吓而发抖，所以选trembling。]
3．A [根据第二段“Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.”可知，这一次Ehlers试图(tried)把小狗哄到他身边来，但是没有成功。]
4．D [but表示转折，说明Ehlers没能把小狗哄到他身边来。小狗跑掉了(run off)。]
5．C [小狗自己跑掉了，不知去向，所以选lost。]
6．C [根据第二段第一句Back home可知，Ehlers已经回到了家中。再根据“Greg saw, across a field, the dog...”可推测Ehlers又和他的朋友Greg开车返回到小狗出现过的地方去找它。]
7．D [根据下文“Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving...”可知，Greg发现了小狗。所以空白处应填search。]
8．A [根据第二段倒数第二句中的Nervousness和fear可知，小狗刚开始感到紧张和害怕，所以它应该是很谨慎小心地离开了。]
9．B [空白处下一句“It just started licking Ehlers’ face.(小狗开始舔Ehlers的脸)”说明小狗见到Ehlers很高兴，之前的紧张和害怕都没有了。]
10．B [根据第三段第二句“The ad had a．..”可知选advertised。]
11．B [根据下文“to tell them he had...”可知，广告上有电话号码，Ehlers才能告诉Jeff和Lisa关于狗的消息。]
12．A [根据下文“to tell them he had...”可知，Ehlers给Jeff和Lisa打了电话。]
13．C [根据第二段的内容可知，Ehlers和他的朋友Greg找到了小狗，所以选found。]
14．A [根据下文but the gun shots had scared the dog off 中的gun shots可知，Jeff在感恩节前带着他的小狗Rosie一起打猎。]
15．D [小狗Rosie是Ehlers和他的朋友Greg找到的。小狗的主人Jeff曾经找过它，但是没有找到，所以选in vain(白费力气)。]
16．A [根据文章第二段第一句话Ehlers was troubled by...以及四天后他又和朋友Greg一起去寻找那只小狗，说明Ehlers非常担心这只小狗。]
17．B [Ehlers已经回到了家里，但是还是很担心小狗，决定和朋友一起出去寻找小狗，经过长时间的仔细寻找，终于找到了那只小狗。trouble意为“麻烦；额外的努力”符合语境。]
18．C [Ehlers第一次见到小狗时，想哄它到自己身边来，没有成功。过了几天，又专门和朋友返回去寻找，终于找到了它，整个过程很费心，所以选effort。]
19．D [根据I am to my dogs可知选close。狗和主人的关系都是很亲密的，因此Ehlers认为不管是谁丢失了小狗Rosie，他们可能都与小狗Rosie的关系很亲密，就像他和自己的狗一样。]
20．D [Ehlers发自内心地关心走丢了的小狗Rosie，并且花了一番功夫终于找到了它。因此Ehlers希望如果有一天他的狗走丢了，他也希望有人能像他那样心甘情愿地、不怕麻烦地去寻找他的狗。]
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I __1__ the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to __2__ a few dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t __3__ enough about free credits, news about our __4__ was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which __5__ I would be learning from one of the game’s __6__. I could hardly wait to __7__ him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this __8__ was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it __9__ that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to __10__ the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to __11__ what we would learn in class to our future professions and, __12__， to our lives. I managed to get an A in that __13__ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the __14__．
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he __15__ me: “The absolute most important __16__ that you learn when you play chess is how to make good __17__. On every single move you have to __18__ a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and __19__ the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my __20__ as a journalist.
1．A.put forward B．jumped at
C．tried out D．turned down
2．A.waste B．earn C．save D．pay
3．A.excited B．worried C．moved D．tired
4．A.title B．competitor C．textbook D．instructor
5．A.urged B．demanded C．held D．meant
6．A.fastest B．easiest C．best D．rarest
7．A.interview B．meet C．challenge D．beat
8．A.chance B．qualification
C．honor D．job
9．A.real B．perfect C．clear D．possible
10．A.attend B．pass C．skip D．observe
11．A.add B．expose C．apply D．compare
12．A.eventually B．naturally
C．directly D．normally
13．A.game B．presentation
C．course D．experiment
14．A.criterion B．classroom
C．department D．situation
15．A.taught B．wrote
C．questioned D．promised
16．A.fact B．step C．manner D．skill
17．A.grades B．decisions
C．impressions D．comments
18．A.analyze B．describe C．rebuild D．control
19．A.announce B．signal
C．block D．evaluate
20．A.role B．desire C．concern D．behavior
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了我在大学时所选的课程对自己以后的职业和生活起到了很重要的作用。
1．B [我迫不及待地接受(jumped at)了参加这个课程学习的想法。put forward“提出”；try out“试验”；turn down“关小，拒绝”。]
2．C [毕竟，谁不想节省(save)一些钱呢？waste“浪费，花费”；earn“挣，赚得”；pay“付款”。]
3．A [即使我对免费学分不太激动(excited)。worried“担心的”；moved “感动的”；tired“劳累的”。]
4．D [关于我们的讲师(instructor)的消息足够吸引我。title“标题，题目”；competitor“竞争者”；textbook“课本”。]
5．D [他是一位国际象棋大师，这意味(meant)着我能向象棋界最优秀的人之一学习。urge“敦促”；demand“要求”；hold“举行”。]
6．C [参见上题解析。fastest“最快的”；easiest“最容易的”；best“最佳的”；rarest“最珍贵的”。]
7．B [根据上文对这位国际象棋大师的描述可知，我迫不及待地想见到(meet)他。interview“采访”；challenge“挑战”；beat“打击”。]
8．D [Maurice Ashley是善良又聪明的人，这份工作(job)对他来说不是游戏。chance“机会”；qualification“资格”；honor“荣誉”。]
9．C [在他的介绍里，他清楚地(clear)说明了我们的学分是必须经过努力才能得到的。real“真的”；perfect“完美的”；possible“可能的”。]
10．B [为了通过(pass)这门课程，我们必须写一篇关于如何把课堂所学运用到未来职业中的文章。attend“参加”；skip“跳过”；observe“观察”。]
11．C [参见上题解析。add“添加”；expose“暴露，使面临”；apply“应用，运用”；compare“比较”。]
12．A [并且最后(eventually)运用到我们的生活中。naturally“自然地”；directly“直接地”；normally“正常地”。]
13．C [我设法在那门课程(course)获得了A。game“游戏”；presentation“授予，表现”；experiment“实验”。]
14．B [并且学到一些对我课堂(classroom)之外的生活有用的知识。criterion“标准”；department“部门”；situation“形势”。]
15．A [我仍然利用到他教(taught)我的东西。write“写”；question“提问”；promise“承诺”。]
16．D [当你下象棋时，你学到的最重要的技能(skill)是如何作出好决定。fact“事实”；step“步骤”；manner“方式”。]
17．B [参见上题解析。grade“分数”；decision“决定”；impression“印象”；comment“评论”。]
18．A [每一步你不得不分析(analyze)情况。describe“描述”；rebuild“重建”；control“控制”。]
19．D [在所有选择中评估(evaluate)出最好的选择。announce“宣布”；signal“发信号”；block“阻止，限制”。]
20．A [我作为记者这一角色(role)，这些话今天听起来仍然是真实的。desire“欲望”；concern“关心”；behavior“行为”。]
第二组
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d __1__ seen him. So imagine my __2__ when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.
I was __3__！ I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to __4__. The bay was __5__ in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little __6__， I realized one kayak(皮划艇) was in __7__. “Something’s not __8__！”I took off my T-shirt and __9__ into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was __10__ violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped __11__ the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something __12__ to me. Those brown eyes were very __13__. “What’s his name？” I asked the instructor. “Ben，” he replied, and immediately I __14__. That stranger was my son!
The instructors called for an ambulance. __15__， after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to __16__ and later the family met up for dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben __17__ to me. “I just want to say thank you，” he said.“You __18__ my life！”
I still can’t believe what a __19__ it was.I’m just so glad I was there __20__ to help my son.
1．A.also B．often C．even D．last
2．A.delight B．relief C．anger D．worry
3．A.scared B．shocked C．thrilled D．ashamed
4．A.talk B．stay C．meet D．settle
5．A.bathed B．clean C．deep D．formed
6．A.faster B．closer C．heavier D．wiser
7．A.trouble B．advance C．question D．battle
8．A.real B．right C．fair D．fit
9．A.stared B．sank C．dived D．fell
10．A.arguing B．fighting C．shouting D．shaking
11．A.lead B．persuade C．carry D．keep
12．A.happened B．occurred C．applied D．appealed
13．A.sharp B．pleasant C．attractive D．familiar
14．A.agreed B．hesitated C．doubted D．knew
15．A.Fortunately B．Frankly
C．Sadly D．Suddenly
16．A.return B．relax C．speak D．leave
17．A.joked B．turned C．listened D．pointed
18．A.created B．honored C．saved D．guided
19．A.coincidence B．change
C．pity D．pain
20．A.on board B．in time C．for sure D．on purpose
[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一位父亲碰巧营救了自己的儿子的故事。
1．D [自从作者“上次”(last)见到他的儿子已经过去13年了。]
2．A [父子多年没联系，也没见面。得知儿子要来看望他，作者自然是“高兴”(delight)极了。]
3．C [根据语境可知，多年没有见面的儿子要来看望自己，作者自然是感到“激动的”(thrilled)。]
4．C [作者迫不及待地想见到自己的儿子，所以他早早地到达与儿子“会面”(meet)的地方。]
5．A [海湾“沐浴”(bathed)在阳光下。]
6．B [根据常识，“更靠近”(closer)点才能发现皮划艇出了问题。]
7．A [从下文作者救人的描述可知，走近一点，作者发现一只皮划艇遇到了“麻烦”(trouble)。]
8．B [根据下文的描述可知选B。本句跟前一句说的是一回事。something’s not right意为“某事不对劲”。]
9．C [从下文内容可知，作者要去水中救人，自然要“跳入”(dived)水中。]
10．D [他在水中猛烈地摇摆(shaking)，以求别人把他拉上去。]
11．C [这时，作者帮忙把那个年轻人从水里“抬”(carry)了出来。]
12．B [他昏迷了，当作者看着他的脸时，突然想到了一些事情。something occurs to sb.是固定搭配，意为“某人突然想起某事”。]
13．D [从下文可知，作者救出来的是自己的儿子，父亲对自己的儿子的一些情况应该是“熟悉的”(familiar)。]
14．D [当教练说出这个年轻人的名字时，作者马上就“知道”(knew)了一切，原来那个被救的年轻人就是他的儿子。]
15．A [康复得很快，当然是一件幸运的事，故此处表示“幸运地”(Fortunately)。]
16．D [经过短暂的住院治疗后，Ben已经可以“离开”(leave)医院了。]
17．B [Ben转过(turned)头来对作者说感谢的话。]
18．C [从上文的描述可知，作者“救”(saved)了Ben的命。]
19．A [作者下水救人，救出来的竟然是自己的儿子，真是“巧合”(coincidence)。]
20．B [作者真的很高兴能“及时”(in time)帮助自己的儿子。]
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “sorry，__1__ number！” and move on. But when Dennis Williams __2__ a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him, he did something __3__.
On March 19, Dennis got a group text __4__ him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital, waiting for the __5__ of a baby.
“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，” Dennis __6__. The baby was born and update texts were __7__ quickly from the overjoyed grandmother，Teresa. In her __8__， she didn’t seem to realize that she was __9__ the baby’s photos with a complete stranger. “Well, I don’t __10__ you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby，” replied Dennis before asking which room the new __11__ were in.
Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his __12__！He turned up at the hospital __13__ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey’s husband was totally __14__ by the unexpected visit. “I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we __15__ it and the gifts.”
Teresa __16__ a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website __17__ by the touching words：“What a __18__ this young man was to our family! He was so __19__ and kind to do this.” The post has since gained the __20__ of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184，000 shares and 61, 500 likes in just three days.
1．A.unlucky B．secret C．new D．wrong
2．A.received B．translated C．copied D．printed
3．A.reasonable B．special C．necessary D．practical
4．A.convincing B．reminding C．informing D．warning
5．A.wake-up B．recovery C．growth D．arrival
6．A.responded B．interrupted
C．predicted D．repeated
7．A.coming in B．setting out
C．passing down D．moving around
8．A.opinion B．anxiety
C．excitement D．effort
9．A.comparing B．exchanging
C．discussing D．sharing
10．A.accept B．know C．believe D．bother
11．A.parents B．doctors C．patients D．visitors
12．A.dream B．promise C．agenda D．principle
13．A.bearing B．collecting C．opening D．making
14．A.discouraged B．relaxed
C．astonished D．defeated
15．A.admit B．need C．appreciate D．expect
16．A.found B．selected C．developed D．posted
17．A.confirmed B．simplified
C．clarified D．accompanied
18．A.pity B．blessing C．relief D．problem
19．A.smart B．calm C．sweet D．fair
20．A.sympathy B．attention C．control D．trust
[语篇解读] 是什么触发了心底强烈的亲情共鸣与善意？一条错发的手机短信引发了一个善与美的故事。
1．D [根据上文中的“When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person”“sorry”可知，此处表示“错误的号码”，所填词的词义与“unknown”是同一范畴，故选wrong“错误的”。]
2．A [根据上文中的“get a text message”可知，此处所填词的词义与“get”相同，故选received，意为“收到”。translate“翻译”；copy“复印，抄写，模仿，作弊”；print“印刷，刊载”。]
3．B [根据句中的“But”及下文内容可知，Dennis所做的事有别于常人，故选special“不寻常的”。reasonable“合理的，公道的”；necessary“必要的”；practical“实际的；切实可行的，有用的，明智的”。]
4．C [根据语境可知，手机短信告诉(informing)他一对夫妇正在医院等待孩子的到来。convince“使确信，说服”；remind“提醒，使想起”；warn“警告”。]
5．D [根据第6空后的“The baby was born and...”可知，此处填入的词在语义上应与“born”一致，故选arrival。wake-up“唤醒”；recovery“痊愈，复苏”；growth“生长，增加”。]
6．A [根据“Congratulations！But I think someone was mistaken”可知此处是Dennis回复的短信内容，故选responded“回复”。interrupt“插嘴，打扰，使中断，阻断”；predict“预言，预报”；repeat“重复”。]
7．A [根据语境可知，Dennis又收到了更新的短信(update texts)，此处表示短信又“进入”了手机，故选coming in。set out“启程，开始工作”；pass down“流传，使世代相传”；move around“四处走动”。]
8．C [根据上文中的“The baby was born and...the overjoyed grandmother，Teresa”可知，此处填入的词应与“overjoyed(欣喜若狂的)”在语义范畴上一致，故选excitement。]
9．D [根据语境可知，此处表示Teresa似乎没意识到她正在和一个陌生人分享(sharing)婴儿的照片。compare“比较，对比”；exchange“交换，交谈，交流”；discuss“讨论”。]
10．B [根据上下文语境可知，此处表示虽然我不认识(know)你们，但我会来医院和小婴儿拍合影。]
11．A [此处表示Dennis没有问这对新手父母在哪个房间，故选parents。]
12．B [根据下文中的“He turned up at the hospital...the unexpected visit”可知，Dennis履行了他的承诺(promise)，他带着(bearing)礼物去看了新手妈妈Lindsey和她的宝宝。dream“梦想”；agenda“议事日程”；principle“原则，规范，信条”。]
13．A [参见上题解析。]
14．C [Lindsey的丈夫对Dennis突如其来的到访感到震惊(astonished)。discouraged“泄气的”；relaxed“放松的”；defeated“沮丧的”。]
15．C [Dennis的到访虽然出乎他们的意料，但他们对此还是非常感激(appreciate)的。]
16．D [根据本段最后一句中的“The post has since gained...”可知，此处指Teresa在社交网站上张贴(posted)了一张照片。]
17．D [根据语境可知，Teresa在发布照片的同时，还附(accompanied)了感人的话语。confirm“确认”；simplify“使简化”；clarify“阐明，澄清，净化”。]
18．B [这个年轻人(的到来)对我们家来说就是一种祝福(blessing)。]
19．C [根据语境可知，此处填入的词应与其后的“kind”在语义范畴上保持一致，故选sweet(善良的，好心的)。smart“衣着讲究的，聪明的，高档的，敏捷的”；calm“沉着的，风平浪静的”；fair“合理的，公正的，晴朗的”。]
20．B [根据下文中的“receiving more than 184，000 shares and 61，500 likes in just three days”可知，帖子引起了全世界社交媒体用户的关注(attention)。sympathy“同情”；control“控制”；trust“信任”。]
第三组
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids__1__“The Thinking Laboratory”. That was the__2__students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too__3__.
Freddy was an average__4__， but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassion(同情). He would__5__the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone’s__6__.
Before the school year__7__， I gave the kids a special__8__， T-shirts with the words “Verbs Are Your__9__”on them. I had advised the kids that while verbs(动词)may seem dull, most of the__10__ things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.
Through the years, I’d run into former students who would provide__11__on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his__12__from high school and remained the same__13__person I met forty years before. Once, while working overnight at a store, he let a homeless man__14__in his truck. Another time, he__15__a friend money to buy a house.
Just last year, I was__16__a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman__17__the interruption and handed me an envelope. I stopped teaching and__18__it up. Inside were the “Verbs” shirt and a__19__from Freddy’s mother. “Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving. He wanted you to have this.”
I told the story to the class. As sad as it was, I couldn’t help smiling. Although Freddy was taken from us, we all__20__something from Freddy.
1．A.built B．entered C．decorated D．ran
2．A.name B．rule C．brand D．plan
3．A.small B．dark C．strange D．dull
4．A.scholar B．student C．citizen D．worker
5．A.speak B．sing C．question D．laugh
6．A.misfortune B．disbelief
C．dishonesty D．mistake
7．A.changed B．approached C．returned D．ended
8．A.lesson B．gift C．report D．message
9．A.Friends B．Awards C．Masters D．Tasks
10．A.simple B．unique C．fun D．clever
11．A.assessments B．comments
C．instructions D．updates
12．A.graduation B．retirement
C．separation D．resignation
13．A.daring B．modest C．caring D．smart
14．A.wait B．sleep C．study D．live
15．A.paid B．charged C．lent D．owed
16．A.observing B．preparing
C．designing D．conducting
17．A.regretted B．avoided
C．excused D．ignored
18．A.opened B．packed C．gave D．held
19．A.picture B．bill C．note D．diary
20．A.chose B．took C．expected D．borrowed
[语篇解读] Freddy是我40年前的学生， 在一个学年结束前， 我送给包括他在内的27名学生每人一件T恤， 上面写着“Verbs Are Your Friends”。Freddy真正按照这句话去做了， 他一生都在做好事， 但他英年早逝。尽管如此， 我还是感到欣慰， 因为虽然他走了， 但是我们可以从他那儿学到很多。
1．B [逻辑推理题。根据下文可知“The Thinking Laboratory”事实上是教室104的别称， 27名学生每天进入这个教室学习， 所以用entered。]
2．A [逻辑推理题。“思想实验室”这个“名字”应该是同学们投票得来的。故选A。]
3．D [逻辑推理题。同学们是因为“104教室”这个名字太“无聊”才把它改为“思想实验室”的。]
4．B [逻辑推理题。作者回忆1973年的情况， 当时Freddy是那27个孩子之一， 也就是说， 他当时是一名普通的学生。]
5．D [逻辑推理题。对于好玩的事情， 他会“笑”得最大声。]
6．A [逻辑推理题。根据前面的他有同情心可知， 对于任何人的“不幸”， 他会很悲伤。misfortune“不幸”。]
7．D [背景常识题。根据常识可知， 在学年“结束”之前， 老师送给学生衣服作为纪念。]
8．B [逻辑推理题。根据空后面的T-shirts, 可知此处指给孩子们的礼物。]
9．A [逻辑推理题。T恤上写着“动词是你的朋友”， 根据下一句的我们一生做的大部分有趣的事情都是verbs做的可知， verbs是我们的朋友， 它们陪伴我们一生， 是我们一生中重要的一部分。]
10．C [词汇复现题。根据前面的dull可知此处填其反义词fun。]
11．D [词语辨析题。我遇到过以前的学生， 他们常常会提供一些关于他们的老同学的“最新情况”。assessment评估；comment评论；instruction指导；update最新信息。]
12．A [逻辑推理题。在Freddy高中毕业后， 做了好几份工作。]
13．C [逻辑推理题。根据后一句可知， 他让无家可归的人睡在了他的卡车里， 借给朋友钱买房子， 所以他是个关爱他人的人。caring“关心人的”。]
14．B [逻辑推理题。根据空前面的homeless可知， 让无家可归的人睡在他的卡车里。]
15．C [词语辨析题。pay支付；charge收费， 要价；lend借出；owe欠钱。根据上下文可知Freddy是一个乐于助人的人， 所以此处指他借钱给朋友。]
16．D [逻辑推理题。根据后文的I stopped teaching可知， 此处指我正在教室组织研讨会。conduct指导；指挥；组织；安排；主持。]
17．C [背景常识题。她打断了我， 所以她请求我原谅。]
18．A [逻辑推理题。根据后面一句中的Inside were the“Verbs” shirt可知， 此处指我停止教学， 打开了她递给我的信封。]
19．C [逻辑推理题。根据空后面的“Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving. He wanted you to have this.”可知， 这是Freddy的妈妈写的便条上的内容。]
20．B [词汇复现题。前面一句用Freddy was taken from us, 此处用we all took something from Freddy形成对比。]
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticket to the right woman. But__1__apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian__2__.
Jordan Axani, 28, said he and his then girlfriend, Elizabeth Gallagher, booked heavily discounted round-the-world air tickets in May, but their__3__ended and he did not want her ticket to__4__. The ticket had a strict no-transfer(不可转让)__5__， but since passport information was not required when__6__， any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can__7__it.
“I just want to see the ticket go to good use and for someone to__8__a lot of joy，” said Axani. He posted his__9__on a social networking website, and received thousands of e-mails, including thirty from actual Elizabeth Gallaghers with the__10__passports. “More__11__， there are hundreds of Canadians who are interested in__12__their name to Elizabeth Gallagher，” Axani said. “It was absolutely out of__13__，thousands of e-mails, people around the world__14__their stories of travel. ”
Axani wrote in his post that he is not__15__anything in return and that the woman who uses the__16__ticket can choose to either travel with him or__17__the ticket and travel on her own.
The__18__is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and New Delhi before__19__in Toronto on January 8. He said the__20__woman will be announced on the website and the trip will be shared online.
1．A.benefits B．deposits
C．restrictions D．examinations
2．A.origin B．passport C．accent D．friend
3．A.holiday B．marriage
C．dream D．relationship
4．A.go to waste B．come to mind
C．go on sale D．come into effect
5．A.policy B．order C．payment D．schedule
6．A.applying B．booking C．checking D．bargaining
7．A.use B．borrow C．choose D．buy
8．A.sacrifice B．express C．experience D．provide
9．A.answer B．advice C．offer D．comment
10．A.same B．right C．new D．real
11．A.interesting B．annoying
C．satisfying D．convincing
12．A.writing B．giving C．lending D．changing
13．A.touch B．question C．date D．control
14．A.admiring B．advertising C．sharing D．doubting
15．A.leaving B．looking for
C．losing D．dealing with
16．A.single B．strange C．regular D．extra
17．A.return B．take C．reserve D．hide
18．A.interview B．program C．trip D．meeting
19．A.ending B．calling C．repeating D．staying
20．A.honored B．lovely C．intelligent D．lucky
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文， 介绍了一个加拿大青年赠送环球航空票的故事。
1．C [词义辨析题。从下句看， 要想得到这张免费的飞机票是有一些限制条件的。A项意为“利益， 实惠”；B项意为“存款， 订金”；C项意为“限制， 限制条件”；D项意为“检查， 审核”。]
2．B [词汇复现题。此句意为“要想得到这张免费的飞机票， 你必须名叫Elizabeth Gallagher, 并且有加拿大护照”。根据下文的名词passport可知选择B项。A项意为“出身， 根源”；C项意为“口音”；D项意为“朋友”。]
3．D [逻辑推理题。根据上文his then girlfriend可知， 他们的“关系”结束了。B项意为“婚姻”。]
4．A [词义辨析题。他不想让机票“浪费掉”， 所以想把机票免费转给有此条件的人。A项意为“浪费掉”；B项意为“想到”；C项意为“出售”；D项意为“生效， 实施”。]
5．A [词义辨析题。这张机票有严格的不可转让的“原则”。A项意为“原则， 政策”；B项意为“秩序， 命令， 订单”；C项意为“支付， 偿还”；D项意为“安排， 计划， 时间表”。]
6．B [词义辨析题。“订票”时不要求护照信息。A项意为“申请， 应用”；B项意为“预订， 预约”；C项意为“检查， 检验”；D项意为“议价， 交涉”。]
7．A [逻辑推理题。任何叫Elizabeth Gallagher的加拿大人都可以“使用(use)”这张机票。]
8．C [词义辨析题。我只想让这张机票得到有效的利用， 让人“体验”诸多的快乐。A项意为“牺牲”；B项意为“表达”；C项意为“体验， 经历”；D项意为“提供”。]
9．C [词义辨析题。他把他的提议张贴在社交网络上。A项意为“答复”；B项意为“建议”；C项意为“提议， 提供”；D项意为“评价”。]
10．B [逻辑推理题。他收到数千份电子邮件， 包括三十个有正确(right)护照， 名叫Elizabeth Gallagher的人。根据上文他提出的条件， 此处应该表示和他的条件相符。]
11．A [逻辑推理题。有人想把名字改为Elizabeth Gallagher以免费得到这张机票， 这应该是让人感觉“有趣的”。B项意为“讨厌的”；C项意为“令人满意的”；D项意为“令人信服的”。]
12．D [逻辑推理题。为免费得到这张机票， 有人想把名字“改为(changing)”Elizabeth Gallagher。]
13．D [逻辑推理题。他收到那么多电子邮件， 全世界的人都来分享他们的旅行故事， 这绝对是控制不了的事情。out of touch意为“失去联系的”；out of question意为“毫无疑问的”；out of date意为“过时的”；out of control意为“失控的”。]
14．C [词义辨析题。他把消息发到网上， 成千上万封邮件， 全世界的人都来分享他们旅行的故事。A项意为“赞赏， 称赞”；B项意为“公告， 为……做广告”；C项意为“分享”；D项意为“怀疑”。]
15．B [词义辨析题。他在公告中说他不要求任何回报。B项意为“寻求”；D项意为“处理， 应对”。]
16．D [词义辨析题。使用这张额外机票的女士可以和他一起旅行。A项意为“单程的”；B项意为“奇怪的”；C项意为“定期的”；D项意为“额外的”。]
17．B [词义辨析题。既可以和他一起旅行， 也可以把票拿走独自旅行。A项意为“归还”；B项意为“带走”；C项意为“预订”；D项意为“隐藏”。]
18．C [词汇复现题。这次旅行定于12月21日从纽约启程。根据全文叙述的内容以及本段最后的句子中的词汇trip可知， 选择C项。A项意为“采访， 面试”；B项意为“节目， 计划”；C项意为“旅行”；D项意为“会面， 集会”。]
19．A [逻辑推理题。上文提到旅行开始的时间及地点， 此处当然是“结束”的时间及地点， 与上文的start对应的只能是end。A项意为“结束， 终止”；B项意为“招呼， 打电话”；C项意为“重复， 循环”；D项意为“停留”。]
20．D [逻辑推理题。他说有幸得到这张机票的女士将在网站上公布出来， 整个旅行也会在线分享。能得到这张免费机票的人肯定是“幸运的”。A项意为“受人尊重的”；B项意为“可爱的”；C项意为“聪明的”；D项意为“幸运的”。]
第四组
(2019·江苏卷)
Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age. There are species(物种)that are __1__ every day. The white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to __2__ the species from going out of existence.
Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their __3__. Emma, a female crane, has been in their __4__ since she arrived in 2004.
Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was __5__ by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected __6__， though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had __7__ taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She __8__ to live with male cranes, and even had a __9__ for killing some of them, which made it __10__ for her to become a mother.
__11__， the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝)of this precious species. With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a __12__ of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reproduction. This __13__ Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.
The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be __14__， more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the __15__， and many other species appear headed toward extinction. __16__， not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive.
How can we __17__ the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the __18__： human beings took it for granted that their __19__ held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better __20__．
1．A.growing B．migrating
C．competing D．disappearing
2．A.ban B．save C．split D．remove
3．A.abortion B．recreation
C．reproduction D．administration
4．A.care B．eye C．mind D．story
5．A.found B．chosen C．raised D．seized
6．A.bonus B．consequence
C．victory D．sacrifice
7．A.never B．always C．unluckily D．cheerfully
8．A.liked B．refused C．decided D．hesitated
9．A.gift B．skill C．concern D．reputation
10．A.illegal B．inspiring C．important D．impossible
11．A.Therefore B．Moreover
C．However D．Instead
12．A.combination B．collection
C．strategy D．system
13．A.forced B．forbade C．taught D．enabled
14．A.defeated B．grateful C．assured D．tolerant
15．A.list B．rise C．agenda D．decline
16．A.In contrast B．After all
C．By the way D．On the contrary
17．A.leave B．bridge C．open D．identify
18．A.course B．excuse C．answer D．reward
19．A.brains B．behaviors C．services D．projects
20．A.guide B．treat C．example D．companion
[语篇解读] 这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。在现代，野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁，每天都有一些物种灭绝。白鹤就是其中之一。但是，有很多人正在竭尽全力保护这些物种免于灭绝。Chris和Tim通过努力，帮助一只名叫Emma的雌鹤繁殖了五只幼鹤。
1．D [根据第一句“Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age.”和最后一句提到的“...the species from going out of existence”可以推知，野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁，每天都有一些物种灭绝，即：“消失”。D选项正确。]
2．B [前文提到每天都有物种消失，那么该句应指科学家们正在竭尽全力保护这些物种，使它们免于灭绝。故B选项正确。]
3．C [上文最后一句提到科学家们竭尽全力保护濒临灭绝的物种，由此推知，该处应指Chris和Tim帮助濒危物种繁殖，增加它们的数量，这样它们才不至于灭绝。故该空应指“繁殖”，C选项正确。]
4．A [自从2004年，Emma一直由Chris和Tim照顾。该空和下一句中的“human caretaker”呼应。故选A。]
5．C [根据空后的“human caretakers”可知，caretaker当然是照看Emma的。故该句应指：出生在一个国际鹤基地，Emma由人类抚养照看。故选C。]
6．B [根据空后的though(尽管)可知，though前后的两个句子之间是转折关系。后面提到，她过得很开心。根据转折关系，那么前文应该表示“但是这导致了出乎意料的结果”。B选项正确。]
7．A [根据下文中的“become deeply attached to humans...even...killing some of them”等内容可知，因为Emma一直由人类照看，所以它没有将自己看作是一只鹤，而是深深的依恋上了人类。故选A。]
8．B [根据上文，Emma不把自己当作鹤，所以它“拒绝”和雄鹤生活在一起。B选项正确。]
9．D [根据even(甚至)这个递进关系可知，Emma不仅拒绝和雄鹤生活在一起，而且因为弄死了几只雄鹤而“臭名昭著”。故D选项正确。]
10．D [Emma拒绝和雄鹤生活，这当然使得她“不可能”生育小鹤，成为妈妈。D选项正确。]
11．C [上文提到Emma拒绝和雄鹤生活，使得她不可能生育小鹤。下文提到两位动物园管理员不想看到这一物种的灭绝。由此推知，上下文之间是转折关系。C选项正确。]
12．A [经过努力，Chris和Tim成功的将“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”结合在一起。A选项正确。]
13．D [Chris和Tim成功的将“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”结合在一起，这使得Emma诞育了五只幼鹤。enable sb. to do sth.意为“使……能够做某事”。D选项正确。]
14．C [根据后文 more efforts must be made可以推知，尽管两个人为自己的成就感到骄傲，但是他们还需要付出更多努力，因为野生鹤的数量在减少。所以他们还不能完全放心(白鹤不会灭绝)。故选C。assured意为“确定的，有把握的，自信的”。]
15．D [根据because可知，前后句之间是因果关系，根据more efforts must be made可以推知，野生白鹤数量在减少，所以，还要付出更多的努力(来挽救白鹤灭绝)。故D选项正确。]
16．B [前文提到：野生白鹤数量正在减少，很多其他物种似乎也在逐渐灭绝。该句提到，并不是所有的人都意识到野生动物有思想，感情，以及平等生存的权利。很明显，该句是对前文出现野生动物濒临灭绝原因的一种解释。故B选项正确。after all“毕竟(用于解释和说明理由)”。]
17．B [针对上文提到的很多物种灭绝这种现象，作者提出一个问题：我们如何来消除将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢？B选项正确。]
18．C [前文提出一个问题：我们如何来消除将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢？Chris和Tim的做法给我们提供了一个答案。C选项正确。]
19．A [根据下文中的“hold all the solutions”可以推断出，人类认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。即：人类认为自己的大脑可以想出所有的解决办法。A选项正确。]
20．A [根据转折词but可以推知，人类想当然的认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。但或许他们可以用“心”更好地“引领”他们去保护这些濒危的动物。故A选项正确。]
(2019·北京卷)
Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.
A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been __1__ free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started __2__ his car to the young people，Wilson has __3__ an astonishing 64，000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous __4__ with the students he transports to and from school. The students who he’s __5__ have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students __6__ call him “Grandpa”．
Tina Stern __7__ rides from Wilson for all her four years in college，and the trips meant much more to her than just free __8__. “It’s not just a ride；you’re not just sitting there in __9__ silence or with your headphones on，” Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually __10__ the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he’ll __11__ those things.”
Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation, On Point for College. Although the __12__ asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes __13__ to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration，Wilson is there to __14__ them. If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never __15__ to buy them a meal.
For many students, Wilson’s help is not only appreciated, it’s also entirely __16__ for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students don’t have a reliable car, while others have to __17__ vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has __18__ them to complete their education—but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the __19__. “I just love driving，and I love these kids，” Wilson said. “It’s such a(n) __20__ to be a part of these kids’ lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories.”
1．A.linking B．sending C．offering D．distributing
2．A.donating B．lending C．delivering D．volunteering
3．A.paved B．covered C．measured D．wandered
4．A.arguments B．interviews
C．negotiations D．conversations
5．A.met B．driven
C．addressed D．greeted
6．A.even B．ever C．once D．already
7．A.earned B．received C．assessed D．demanded
8．A.transportation B．style
C．time D．communication
9．A.forced B．awkward C．ridiculous D．suspicious
10．A.selects B．recites C．guesses D．remembers
11．A.act on B．settle on C．check on D．agree on
12．A.club B．league C．college D．programme
13．A.far B．around C．beyond D．forwards
14．A.assist B．watch C．urge D．warn
15．A.expects B．attempts C．manages D．hesitates
16．A.extra B．unusual C．necessary D．adequate
17．A.share B．fuel C．repair D．exchange
18．A.required B．allowed C．reminded D．convinced
19．A.experience B．arrangement
C．appreciation D．employment
20．A.effort B．ambition C．privilege D．convenience
[语篇解读] 这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了76岁的Paul Wilson八年来免费接送低收入的学生上学的感人事迹。
1．C [根据第一段可知，Paul Wilson确保低收入的学生按时到达学校。由此可以推知，该句应指：Wilson给那些学生提供免费的乘车服务。故C选项正确。]
2．D [根据上文中的“free rides”可知，Wilson是主动自愿将自己的汽车提供给那些学生的。故D选项正确。]
3．B [Wilson让那些学生免费搭车，迄今他已经行程64 000英里。表示“行走一段路程”，应用cover。B选项正确。]
4．D [Wilson在接送学生们上下学的过程中，和学生之间肯定有“谈话，交谈”，故D选项正确。]
5．B [根据上文可知，Wilson每天接送那些学生，这些学生现在已经成为了物理学家，教师，工程师等。该空应该对应上一句中的“he transports to and from school”，故B选项正确。drive意为“驾车送(人)”。]
6．A [这些学生将Wilson当作他们的偶像和朋友，有的甚至称他为“爷爷”。该空表示递进，故A选项正确。]
7．B [根据后面的介词from可以推知，Tina Stern从Wilson那儿获得免费的乘车机会。B选项正确。]
8．A [对Tina Stern来说，这些行程不仅仅只是免费的运送而已。A选项正确。transportation意为“运送”。]
9．B [Tina说：“那不仅仅是坐车而已。你并不只是坐在那儿，陷入令人尴尬的沉默中，也不是戴着耳麦坐在那儿。”坐在车里，彼此不交谈，只是沉默，这当然是令人尴尬的。故B选项正确。]
10．D [在坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。D选项正确。]
11．C [在坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候，Wilson会检查上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。故C选项正确。]
12．D [根据上一句中的“programme”可知，D选项正确。Wilson最初通过一个非盈利组织On Point for College的一个项目作一名司机。该项目只要求它的成员们接送孩子们上下学。]
13．C [结合下文中提到的“If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to ______ them. If they run out of...If a student gets hungry...”可知，Wilson的所作所为超过了该项目的要求。故C选项正确。]
14．A [如果孩子们在登记方面有问题，Wilson会去帮助他们(解决相关的问题)。A选项正确。]
15．D [从上文举的例子可知，该部分都表达的是Wilson对孩子们的帮助。因此该处应指：当孩子们在上下学的途中饿了的时候，Wilson都会马上给他们去买吃的，从未犹豫过。D选项正确。]
16．C [根据下文中“Some students don’t have a reliable car, while others....For them, riding with Wilson has ____ them to complete their education”可以推知，对于那些乘车有困难的学生来说，乘坐Wilson的车对于他们完成大学教育来说是必须的。C选项正确]。
17．A [有的学生没法得到可靠的汽车，有的学生必须和他们一周工作六天的家长共用车辆。表示“共用”，需用share。A选项正确。]
18．B [乘坐Wilson的汽车使得他们可以完成大学教育。表示“使得某人做某事，使某人能够做某事”应该用allow sb. to do sth.。故B选项正确。]
19．A [Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。A选项正确。]
20．C [Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。在这个过程中，他认识了这些学生，听到他们的故事，他认为这是自己的“荣幸”，故C选项正确。]
第一组
Being self-employed has its challenges and not everyone has what it takes to grow a successful business. __1__， it seems that increasing numbers of people are choosing these days to __2__ their regular salaried job in order to become self-employed. But __3__ do people choose to do so? What are the __4__ of this way of life?
Firstly, perhaps the __5__ attraction of being self-employed is that it leaves you in control of your own __6__. If you prefer to work late at night so that you can take the following day __7__ to go to a concert at your child’s school, then you can do so. You don’t have to ask anyone’s __8__ to leave the office whenever you wish. So you can keep a(n) __9__ between work and life.
A second advantage of working for yourself is that you are in charge of all __10__ connected with your business. When you’re __11__ by someone else, you have to do what they wish, even if you __12__ whether it is the best course of action or not. To be __13__ how you work is something that makes the self-employed lifestyle very __14__ for many people.
Of the two advantages of being selfemployed __15__ above, I think the more __16__ one is the fact that you are in charge of your own timetable. To be __17__ to spend time with friends and family when you wish to is worth __18__ the regular monthly pay cheque for. As long as you can earn enough for your __19__， you can enjoy the extra flexibility that self-employment __20__ far more than you would－a bit of extra money in the bank.
1．A.Therefore B．However
C．Otherwise D．Besides
2．A.lose B．get
C．leave D．keep
3．A.where B．how
C．why D．when
4．A.benefits B．causes
C．differences D．difficulties
5．A.last B．main
C．additional D．unique
6．A.fortune B．schedule
C．goal D．happiness
7．A.off B．away
C．over D．in
8．A.advice B．permission
C．opinion D．demand
9．A.chance B．interest
C．choice D．balance
10．A.decisions B．mistakes
C．directions D．expectations
11．A.blamed B．questioned
C．defeated D．employed
12．A.believe B．doubt
C．ask D．disagree
13．A.in favour of B．in honour of
C．in control of D．in memory of
14．A.welcome B．common
C．influential D．traditional
15．A.suggested B．discussed
C．warned D．learned
16．A.complex B．significant
C．professional D．unforgettable
17．A.glad B．ready
C．able D．safe
18．A.forgetting B．passing
C．accepting D．sacrificing
19．A.requirements B．treatments
C．achievements D．judgements
20．A.expresses B．allows
C．receives D．admits
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。越来越多的人开始自主创业，那么，自主创业究竟有什么吸引人之处呢？
1．B [由上一句中的challenges和not everyone...grow a successful business以及本句中的increasing numbers可知，两句之间构成转折关系，故选However。]
2．C [由本句中的to become self-employed可知，很多人选择“离开(leave)”他们那份有着固定收入的工作。]
3．C [文章第二段和第三段介绍了自主创业的两个“益处(benefits)”，即“为什么(why)”人们选择自主创业。]
4．A [句意：自主创业的这种生活方式有什么“益处(benefits)”呢？]
5．B [本段介绍了自主创业的第一个也是最“主要的(main)”益处和原因。]
6．B [由下文中的“If you prefer to work late at night so that you can take the following day... to leave the office whenever you wish.”可知，自主创业的一个益处是可以自己掌控“日程表(schedule)”。]
7．A [由本句中的go to a concert at your child’s school可知，第二天“不上班(take...off)”。]
8．B [由上文可知，自主创业的人可以自由支配时间，即不用请求任何人的“允许(permission)”就可离开办公室。]
9．D [本段介绍了自主创业的第一个好处，即可以自己支配时间，因此可以在工作和生活之间保持“平衡(balance)”。]
10．A [由下文中的you have to do what they wish可知，自主创业的第二个好处是自己可以做出和生意相关的一些“决定(decisions)”。但当你被别人“雇用(employed)”的时候，你只能根据雇主的意愿做事。]
11．D [见上题解析。]
12．B [由本空后的whether...可知，即使你“怀疑(doubt)”雇主的决定是否是最好的。]
13．C [通过第二段和第三段介绍的自主创业的好处可知，可以“掌控”(in control of)自己的工作方式使自主创业成了一种非常“受欢迎的(welcome)”生活方式。]
14．A [见上题解析。]
15．B [上文(第二段和第三段)“讨论(discussed)”了自主创业的两个益处。]
16．B [由上下文语境可知，在这两个优点中，更“重要的(significant)”一个是可以掌控自己的时间表。]
17．C [由上文中的in charge of your own timetable可知，自主创业的人“能(be able to)”根据自己的意愿花时间和朋友及家人在一起。]
18．D [本段讲述了自由支配时间的重要性。可以花时间和朋友及家人在一起使得“牺牲(sacrificing)”那些固定的收入是值得的。]
19．A [由上下文语境及enough可知，只要你的收入足够满足你的“要求(requirements)”，你就可以享受自主创业“带来(allows)”的那些灵活性。]
20．B [见上题解析。]
I log onto a computer at the doctor’s office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room. There, a robotic nurse __1__ me onto the scales and then takes my blood pressure. Some time later, in steps the __2__， who is also a robot. He notes down my __3__ and gives me a prescription (处方). I pay for my __4__ using a credit card and return home without having met another human being. This is my nightmarish(噩梦般的) vision of the __5__， which hasn’t happened __6__ yet.
I should say I really do like many aspects of __7__. I am a big fan of air conditioning in summer and heaters in __8__. But I am writing this because I don’t want machines to __9__.
When I call my dentist’s office and actually get a human being on the line, I am __10__. And when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel like __11__，“When it comes to cashiers, make mine a(n) __12__， please！”
After all, human cashiers sometimes __13__ you a store coupon (优惠券) for items you are __14__. Even more than that, real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can __15__ young mothers’ day. A cashier may also show compassion for an elderly person __16__ to get that last penny out of his purse.
Machines can be __17__ and cost-effective and they often get the job done just fine. __18__ they lack an element so important to everyday life.
Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart. It is __19__ no machine will ever have. It is human being that __20__ us to smile at others, which may be what they need at that moment.
1．A.tears B．directs C．follows D．separates
2．A.teacher B．lawyer C．doctor D．engineer
3．A.signals B．symbols C．sculptures D．symptoms
4．A.bill B．visit C．medicine D．examination
5．A.past B．present C．future D．history
6．A.at most B．at last C．at least D．at intervals
7．A.commerce B．agriculture
C．literature D．technology
8．A.sleep B．autumn C．spring D．winter
9．A.take over B．pass by C．cut in D．go away
10．A.annoyed B．thrilled
C．discouraged D．disappointed
11．A.crying B．laughing C．shouting D．whispering
12．A.machine B．human C．animal D．plant
13．A.give B．remind C．bargain D．purchase
14．A.ruining B．producing C．advertising D．buying
15．A.brighten B．darken C．strengthen D．widen
16．A.turning B．happening C．describing D．struggling
17．A.urgent B．efficient C．frequent D．consistent
18．A.But B．Because C．Otherwise D．Therefore
19．A.everything B．something
C．anything D．nothing
20．A.encourages B．persuades
C．punishes D．forces
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。随着科技的发展，机器人越来越多地被应用于人类的日常生活中，作者认为机器人固然能给人类的生活带来便利，但感觉机器人缺少人性，缺少人与人之间的温情。
1．B [根据上文中的“I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room”可知，作者进入检查室；结合常识，这里指机器人护士领着(directs)作者到秤上测体重，然后去量血压。tear“撕破”；follow“跟着，跟随”；separate“(使)分开”。]
2．C [根据下文中的“He notes down my __3__ and gives me a prescription (处方)”和常识可知，开处方的是医生(doctor)。]
3．D [根据常识可知，医生的处方是根据病人的症状(symptoms)开的。signal“信号”；symbol“象征”；sculpture“雕塑”。]
4．B [作者使用信用卡支付看病的费用，这里用visit表示“就诊”，指找医生看病，费用包括检查费等，符合文意。bill“账单”；medicine“药物”；examination“检查”。]
5．C [根据后面的which hasn’t happened可知，这里指未来(future)。]
6．C [根据语境，这里表示至少现在还没有发生，at least“至少”，指尽管没有更好的情况。at most“至多”；at last“终于，到底”；at intervals“不时”。]
7．D [根据上下文可知，机器人的运用是技术(technology)方面的事情。commerce“商业”；agriculture“农业”；literature“文学”。]
8．D [冬天冷，应用加热器，故应该选winter，与前面的summer对应。]
9．A [根据下文可知，作者不希望在未来机器人取代(take over)人类。pass by“经过”；cut in“插嘴，打断”；go away“走开”。]
10．B [结合“When I call my dentist’s office and actually get a human being on the line”和上文提到的作者不希望在未来机器人取代人类可知，当作者给牙医办公室打电话，接电话的是人时，作者应是非常兴奋的(thrilled)。 annoyed“生气的”；discouraged“泄气的”；disappointed“失望的”。]
11．C [根据上文作者不希望在未来机器人取代人类和该段中的“when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store”可以推知，作者对这种情况是不满意的、不高兴的，故作者很想大叫 (shouting)，并且和前一句中表达的心情形成鲜明的对比。whisper“低声地说”。]
12．B [结合上下文可知，作者希望是一个人(human)为自己服务，另外下文中的human cashiers也是提示。]
13．A [毕竟，人类收银员有时会给你你要购买的物品的商店优惠券。give表示“给”，后面常加双宾语，符合语境和语法。remind“提醒”；bargain“讨价还价”；purchase“购买”。]
14．D [参见上题解析。ruin“毁坏”；produce“生产”；advertise“为……做广告”；buy“买，购买”。]
15．A [根据上文中的“real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children”可知，收银员往往对特别可爱的小孩感兴趣，这也许能让小孩的母亲开心一天。brighten表示“使开心”，符合语境。darken“使变暗”；strengthen“加强”；widen“(使)变宽”。]
16．D [根据本句中的show compassion for可知，收银员可能会同情老年人因为老年人在把钱包里最后一个一分钱硬币掏出来时很费力，说明老年人的生活不容易，struggle“挣扎，尽力”，符合语境。turn“转向”；happen“发生”；describe“描述”。]
17．B [根据下文中的“they often get the job done just fine”可知，这里讲的是机器人的好处，它们有效率(efficient)并且划算。urgent“紧急的”；frequent“频繁的”；consistent“一贯的”。]
18．A [空后表示它们缺少一种对日常生活很重要的元素，与空前提到的机器人的好处是转折关系，故用连词But，表示转折。]
19．B [前一句提到的“the spirit，the soul or the heart”不是机器人所拥有的东西(something)。]
20．A [正是人鼓励(encourages)我们对别人笑。persuade“说服”；punish“惩罚”；force“强迫”。]
第二组
When you buy something with money, you feel as if it’s owed by you. __1__， when you receive something from someone else, the gift is a __2__ of something bigger than yourself.
In our living room, we have three shelves of books. We __3__ them as the “open source” bookshelf because our guests can take any book and __4__ any book to it. No one __5__ it; it’s all based on trust, __6__ our home hosts many events with hundreds of people passing through it.
These books cover various types and you can’t really be __7__ what you’ll find. So, my brother happened to __8__ a red book the other day. It __9__ because it had no title. Since it looked so __10__， he checked it out.
Page one __11__ some hand-written words：
To: DJ Burrowes
From: Grandma and Grandpa Burrowes
…
We were __12__. Every page had a quote written in the __13__ shaky handwriting of DJ’s grandparents. They had given it to DJ and DJ, __14__， had given it to us.
A couple of weeks back, DJ __15__ to go to China to learn its language and culture. Before leaving, he came for a(n) __16__ at our place, primarily to offer his __17__ gratitude. But this gift was over the top. Not only did he __18__ such a precious part of himself, but he did so without telling anyone in our house! What a(n) __19__ ! For a few seconds, all of us just stared at it in disbelief.
In shocking silence, we all stood in __20__ of the Burrowes for showing us, by their example, what life is all about. Thank you, DJ, wherever you are!
1．A.Therefore B．Moreover
C．Meanwhile D．However
2．A.discovery B．standard
C．reminder D．wonder
3．A.regard B．accept
C．report D．mistake
4．A.expose B．contribute
C．distribute D．deliver
5．A.tracks B．affords
C．recommends D．overlooks
6．A.ever since B．in case
C．as if D．even though
7．A.guaranteed B．informed
C．judged D．questioned
8．A.obtain B．donate
C．spot D．review
9．A.worked out B．stood out
C．went up D．turned up
10．A.priceless B．fascinating
C．delicate D．unusual
11．A.represented B．expressed
C．read D．provided
12．A.astonished B．cautious
C．frightened D．nervous
13．A.occasionally B．apparently
C．partially D．randomly
14．A.in advance B．in turn
C．by mistake D．by chance
15．A.promised B．managed
C．hesitated D．decided
16．A.event B．discussion
C．party D．conference
17．A.natural B．vivid
C．silent D．casual
18．A.show off B．take over
C．see about D．leave behind
19．A.pity B．offering
C．relief D．coincidence
20．A.defence B．memory
C．admiration D．favour
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。当你用钱买东西时，你会觉得它好像是欠你的。然而，当你收到别人的礼物时，这份礼物会提醒你比你自己更重要的东西。
1．D [考查副词。A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover另外；C.Meanwhile与此同时；D.However然而。根据“__1__， when you receive something from someone else, the gift is a __2__ of something bigger than yourself.”可知，然而，当你收到别人的礼物时，这份礼物会提醒你比你自己更重要的东西。故选D。]
2．C [考查名词。A.discovery发现；B.standard标准；C.reminder提醒物；D.wonder惊奇。根据“__1__， when you receive something from someone else, the gift is a __2__ of something bigger than yourself.”可知，然而，当你收到别人的礼物时，这份礼物会提醒你比你自己更重要的东西。故选C。]
3．A [考查动词。A.regard考虑；B.accept接受；C.report报告；D.mistake错误。根据“We__3__ them as the ‘open source’ bookshelf because our guests can take any book and __4__ any book to it.”可知，我们将它们视为“开源”书架，因为我们的客人可以拿任何一本书，并为之贡献任何一本书。故选A。]
4．B [考查动词。A.expose揭露；B.contribute贡献；C.distribute分配；D.deliver递送。根据“We __3__ them as the ‘open source’ bookshelf because our guests can take any book and __4__ any book to it.”可知，我们将它们视为“开源”书架，因为我们的客人可以拿任何一本书，并为之贡献任何一本书。故选B。]
5．A [考查动词。A.tracks追踪；B.affords买得起；C.recommends推荐；D.overlooks忽略。根据“No one __5__ it; it’s all based on trust, __6__ our home hosts many events with hundreds of people passing through it.”可知，尽管我们的家举办了许多活动，有数百人参加，没有人跟踪它；这一切都建立在信任的基础上。故选A。]
6．D [考查状语从句。A.ever since从那时起到现在；B.in case 万一；C.as if好像；D.even though即使。根据“No one __5__ it; it’s all based on trust, __6__ our home hosts many events with hundreds of people passing through it.”可知，尽管我们的家举办了许多活动，有数百人参加，没有人跟踪它；这一切都建立在信任的基础上。故选D。]
7．A [考查动词。A.guaranteed担保；B.informed告知；C.judged判断；D.questioned询问。根据“These books cover various types and you can’t really be __7__ what you’ll find.”可知，这些书涵盖了各种类型，你不能保证你能找到什么。故选A。]
8．C [考查动词。A.obtain获得；B.donate捐献；C.spot认出；D.review回顾，复习。根据“So, my brother happened to __8__ a red book the other day.”可知，所以，前几天我弟弟碰巧发现了一本红色的书。故选C。]
9．B [考查动词词组。A.worked out 工作出；B.stood out突出；C.went up上升；D.turned up调大，出现。根据“It __9__ because it had no title.”可知，它之所以引人注目，是因为它没有头衔。故选B。]
10．D [考查形容词。A.priceless无价的；B.fascinating 迷人的；C.delicate雅致的；D.unusual不寻常的。根据“Since it looked so __10__， he checked it out.”可知，因为它看起来很不寻常，他就去看了。故选D。]
11．C [考查动词。 A．represented代表；B.expressed表达；C.read阅读；D.provided提供。根据“Page one __11__ some hand-written words”可知，第一页读起来有一些手写的单词。故选C。]
12．A [考查形容词。A.astonished感到惊讶的；B.cautious谨慎的；C.frightened感到害怕的；D.nervous紧张不安的。根据“We were __12__. Every page had a quote written in the __13__ shaky handwriting of DJ’s grandparents.”可知，我们都非常惊讶。每一页都有一段引文，显然是DJ的祖父母用歪歪斜斜的笔迹写的。故选A。]
13．B [考查副词。A.occasionally偶尔；B.apparently显然地；C.partially部分地；D.randomly随便地。根据“We were __12__. Every page had a quote written in the __13__ shaky handwriting of DJ’s grandparents.”可知，我们都非常惊讶。每一页都有一段引文，显然是DJ的祖父母用歪歪斜斜的笔迹写的。故选B。]
14．B [考查词组。A.in advance提前，预先；B.in turn反过来；C.by mistake错误地；D.by chance碰巧，偶然。根据“They had given it to DJ and DJ, __14__， had given it to us.”可知，他们给了DJ, DJ反过来也给了我们。故选B。]
15．D [考查动词。A.promised 许诺；B.managed管理，控制；C.hesitated犹豫不决；D.decided决定。根据“A couple of weeks back, DJ __15__ to go to China to learn its language and culture.”可知，几个星期前，DJ决定去中国学习中国的语言和文化。故选D。]
16．A [考查名词。A.event事件，活动；B.discussion讨论；C.party聚会；D.conference会议。根据“Before leaving, he came for a(n) __16__ at our place, primarily to offer his __17__ gratitude.”可知，临走前，他来我们家参加了一个活动，主要是为了表达他无言的谢意。故选A。]
17．C [考查形容词。A.natural自然的；B.vivid生动的；C.silent沉默的；D.casual随便的。根据“Before leaving, he came for a(n) __16__ at our place, primarily to offer his __17__ gratitude.”可知，临走前，他来我们家参加了一个活动，主要是为了表达他无言的谢意。故选C。]
18．D [考查动词词组。A.show off 炫耀；B.take over接管；C.see about 查询，注意；D.leave behind留下，丢弃。根据“Not only did he __18__ such a precious part of himself, but he did so without telling anyone in our house！”可知，他不仅留下了自己如此珍贵的一部分，而且没有告诉我们家里的任何人！故选D。]
19．B [考查名词。A.pity同情；B.offering提供；C.relief 减轻；D.coincidence巧合。根据“What a(n) __19__ ! For a few seconds, all of us just stared at it in disbelief.”可知，多好的礼物啊！有几秒钟，我们都难以置信地盯着它。故选B。]
20．C [考查名词。A.defence防御；B.memory记忆；C.admiration赞赏；D.favour喜爱。根据“In shocking silence, we all stood in __20__ of the Burrowes for showing us, by their example, what life is all about.”可知，在令人震惊的沉默中，我们都站在那里钦佩地看着巴罗一家，因为他们以自己为榜样，向我们展示了生活的真谛。故选C。]
It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We had not seen rain in almost a month. The crops were__1__. If we didn’t see some rain soon, we would__2__everything. It was on this day that I learned the true lesson of __3__ and witnessed the only miracle I have seen with my own eyes.
I was in the kitchen making lunch __4__ I saw my six-year-old son, Billy, walking toward the __5__. Minutes after he__6__into the woods, he came running out again, toward the house. Moments later, however, he was once again __7__ in that slow purposeful step toward the woods. This activity went on for an hour: walk__8__to the woods, run back to the house.
Finally I couldn’t take it any longer and I crept (悄悄地走)out of the house and __9__ him on his journey. As I leaned in to spy on him, I saw the most__10__sight. A tiny deer was lying on the ground，__11__ suffering from dehydration (脱水)and heat exhaustion，__12__its head with great effort to lap up (舔食)the water __13__ in my beautiful boy’s hand. When the water was __14__， Billy jumped up to run back to the house. I followed him back to a tap that we had__15__the water to. Billy opened it all the way up and a little water began to flow slowly. He__16__there, letting the water slowly __17__ his hand－the temporary cup.
When he stood up and began to go back, I was there in front of him. His little eyes just filled with__18__．“I’m not wasting” was all he said. As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the __19__ , they were suddenly joined by other drops more drops...and more.
All I can say is that the __20__ that came that day saved our farm, just like the actions of one little boy saved another.
1．A.flying B．dying C．growing D．blowing
2．A.win B．catch C．lose D．leave
3．A.sharing B．accepting C．receiving D．sending
4．A.as B．since C．while D．when
5．A.house B．woods C．garden D．field
6．A.disappeared B．appeared C．lost D．ran
7．A.swimming B．jumping C．walking D．leaping
8．A.anxiously B．curiously C．seriously D．carefully
9．A.followed B．caught C．stopped D．shouted
10．A.exciting B．amazing C．frightening D．puzzling
11．A.lightly B．surely C．cleanly D．obviously
12．A.lowering B．dragging C．lifting D．pulling
13．A.cupped B．put C．given D．sent
14．A.disappeared B．gone
C．lost D．used
15．A.put off B．turned up
C. shut off D．take up
16．A.lay B．stood C．slept D．knelt
17．A.fill up B．ran through
C．went through D．made up
18．A.dirt B．tears C．earth D．water
19．A.hand B．clothes C．ground D．feet
20．A.boy B．deer C．water D．rain
[语篇解读] 在一个干旱的夏天，连续一个月没有降雨，仿佛一切都会因干旱而死亡。一天，作者看到孩子不断地往返于房子和树林之间，出于好奇她跟踪前往一探究竟，原来孩子在一趟趟地给小鹿送水，作者感动的落泪，而此时上帝似乎也被孩子的行为感动了，恰好也降下雨来。
1．B [考查形容词辨析。flying飞行的；dying垂死的；growing发展的，成长的；blowing吹风的。根据We had not seen rain in almost a month.一个月没下雨，可知是庄稼会枯死，故选B。]
2．C [考查动词辨析。win赢得；catch抓住；lose失去；leave离开，使……处于某种状态。如果我们不能很快看到雨，我们就会失去一切。故选C。]
3．A [考查动词辨析。share分享；accept接受；receive收到；send发送。就在这一天，我学到了分享的真谛，亲眼目睹了我所见的唯一奇迹。从下文可知，Billy给小鹿喂水，将自己不多的水分享给小鹿。故选A。]
4．D [考查连词辨析。as因为，当……时候；since自从，既然；while当……时候，然而；when当……时候，这时突然。be doing sth. when...正在做……这时突然……。我正在厨房做饭这时我看到我六岁的儿子Billy朝树林走去。故选D。]
5．B [考查名词辨析。house房子；woods树林；garden花园；field田地。我正在厨房做饭这时我看到我六岁的儿子Billy朝树林走去。下文反复提到了the woods，由此可知是树林。故选B。]
6．A [考查动词辨析。disappear消失；appear出现；lose丢失；run跑。他消失在树林里几分钟后，又出来朝房子跑去。孩子跑到树林里去之后，由于树的遮挡就看不见了，故选A。]
7．C [考查动词辨析。swim游泳；jump跳；walk走；leap跳跃。根据上文“I saw my six-year-old son, Billy, walking toward the __5__”可知，他是走向树林，这里用了again表示再一次走向树林，故选C。]
8．D [考查副词辨析。anxiously着急地，焦虑地；curiously好奇地；seriously严肃地；carefully小心地，仔细地。这个活动持续了一个小时：小心地走向树林，跑回到房子里。故选D。]
9．A [考查动词辨析。follow跟随；catch抓住；stop停止；shout喊叫。最后，我再也受不了了，蹑手蹑脚地走出屋子，跟在他后面。故选A。]
10．B [考查形容词辨析。exciting令人兴奋的；amazing令人惊讶的；frightening令人害怕的；puzzling令人迷惑的。当我俯身窥探他时，我看到了最令人惊讶的景象。故选B。]
11．D [考查副词辨析。lightly轻轻地；surely确定地；cleanly干净地；obviously显然地。一只小鹿躺在地上，显然是脱水和中暑了，它抬起头，使劲地舔着我漂亮的儿子手里捧着的水杯。故选D。]
12．C [考查动词辨析。lower降低；drag拖拽；lift抬升；pull拉。一只小鹿躺在地上，显然是脱水和中暑了，它抬起头，使劲地舔着我漂亮的儿子手里捧着的水杯。故选C。]
13．A [考查动词辨析。cup用杯子盛着；put放；give给；send发送。一只小鹿躺在地上，显然是脱水和中暑了，它抬起头，使劲地舔着我漂亮的儿子手里捧着的水杯。故选A。]
14．B [考查动词辨析。disappear消失，是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。be gone没有了；be lost迷路，迷失；be used被使用。当水没了，比利跳起来跑回房子。故选B。]
15．C [考查动词短语辨析。put off推迟； turn up出现，找到；shut off切断，关掉；take up占据，开始从事。我跟着他回到关了的水龙头
题型二 七选五
第一组
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.__1__While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic (逻辑) of each to their particular circumstance.
Do’s
·__2__Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus (教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight.
·Participate in discussion forums (论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.__3__Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don’ts
·Don’t share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor.__4__．
·Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class.__5__When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor’s professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A．That’s what they are for.
B．Turn to an online instructor for help.
C．If more information is needed, they will ask.
D．Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E．Below are some common do’s and don’ts for online learners.
F．Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G．Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在参加在线课程时，如何与课程教授保持良好的沟通，并列出“可做”与“不可做”的事。
1．E [第一段第一句话“In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.”提到在在线课堂中，与教授形成良好的交流是至关重要的。第二至五段，则详细介绍了do’s 和 don’ts的内容。由此可见，选项E符合语境。 ]
2．G [根据空格后的“Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.”可知本段应与questions这一关键词有关以及根据asking questions等信息可知，选项中，只有G项符合。 ]
3．A [根据本段第一句话“Participate in discussion forums, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.”可知，要参加研讨论坛，加入博客讨论以及其他开放式的对话论坛，因为这些讨论形式就是让学生参与的。选项A符合语境。]
4．C [根据上一句“If you are in need of...the professor”可知，如果你想延长截止日期，简明地向教授说明情况即可。通过以上推断，如果想了解更多信息，他们会问你，即选项C符合语境。]
5．F [该空前一句提到，不要公开表达对教授或者班级的不满。后文说如果教授的专业水平或能力确实令人担忧，一定要使用在线课程评估来冷静地发表你的意见。由此推断，选项F符合文意。]
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
Color is fundamental in home design－something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? __1__， color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.__2__， they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
__3__. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves.__4__. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.__5__．
A．While all of them are useful
B．Whatever you’re looking for
C．If you’re experimenting with a color
D．Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E．It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F．So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G．Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
[语篇解读] 文章主要讲述了颜色在家庭装饰中的巨大作用，并介绍了三种设计方案。
1．B [上文给出了不同的房间风格选择，第一段最后一句又说到“making a room feel the way you want it to feel”可知，此处指不管你在寻找哪种风格，颜色是关键。]
2．A [结合第二段第一句中的“a number of different techniques”以及最后一句给出的三种设计方案可知，此处表示“虽然这些技巧非常有用，但它们会有一点复杂”，故A项符合语境。]
3．D [第二段最后一句出现了“the small ones，the medium ones，and the large ones”，第三段提到了“small color choices”，由此可知空处所在段主要在讲“the small ones”，故选D。]
4．G [第四段最后一句提到了“a bigger commitment than smaller ones”和“a more powerful effect”可知，此处是和上文中的“small color choices”作对比，故选G。]
5．F [根据第五段第二句提到的“the time，effort and relative expense put into it are significant”可知，此处意在强调所花费的时间、精力和费用是巨大的，由此可推知选F。]
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.__1__ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
·Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.__2__
·Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start.__3__ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
·__4__ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
·__5__ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A．You will stick to your diet.
B．Your quality of sleep improves.
C．You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D．There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E．You can keep your head clear for 4－10 hours after exercise.
F．After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G．If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
[语篇解读] 本文从工作效率、新陈代谢、睡眠质量和饮食习惯四个方面介绍了晨练给人们带来的好处。
1．G [空后一句及接下来的段落是在讲晨练的好处，所以G“如果你计划定期锻炼，或者你现在正在锻炼，那就注意听”符合语境。]
2．E [根据空处前两句(你的工作效率提高了；锻炼会让你更清醒，并准备好应付一天中摆在你面前的一切)可知，此空应选E“运动后你可以保持头脑清醒4～10个小时”。more awake与E项中的clear照应。]
3．F [由此空后的“getting...the whole day”与F项中的“burn calories throughout the day”一致可知，答案为F“在你运动之后，你一整天都在消耗卡路里”。]
4．B [此空是本段的中心句，根据本段内容可知，本段主要讲了晨练对睡眠的益处，所以选B“你的睡眠质量提高了”。空后一句中的“slept better”是关键信息。]
5．A [根据本段中的“healthy food”和“junk food”与选项A中的diet有关可知，此空应选A“你会坚持你的饮食(习惯)”。]
第二组
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.
__1__ We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing，” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa.“I can’t imagine doing anything else with my life.” Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.“Teaching dance is wonderful.__2__ It’s great to watch them. For many of them, it’s a way of meeting people and having a social life.”
__3__ “I can tell you about one young couple，” says Bridges. “They’re learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.__4__”
So do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says，“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life.Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.__5__ I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I’m alive.”
A．So why do we dance?
B．Dance in the U. S. is everywhere.
C．If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D．My older students say it makes them feel young.
E．I keep practicing even when I’m extremely tired.
F．Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G．They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
[语篇解读] 舞蹈有着悠久的历史，它传递着人们的丰富情感：爱与恨、乐与悲、生与死……
1．B [待填处为本段主题句。根据本段内容可知，本段主要描述了在美国，舞蹈无处不在，故选B。]
2．D [本句起到承上启下的作用。根据设空前一句“Teaching dance is wonderful.”可知，下文应与教别人跳舞有关，又根据设空后一句“It’s great to watch them.”中的“them”可知，待填句中应包含一个表示人的复数名词，故选D。]
3．A [本段主要讲了跳舞之后人们心情会变好，由此可知，待填处提出问题，与下文构成因果关系。故选A。]
4．F [此处表示跳过舞后人们心情的积极变化，再根据设空前的“one young couple”可知，待填处的代词应为复数，故选F。]
5．E [根据设空前的“I want to get better and better”及设空后的“I find it hard to stop”可知，待填处应表明Andrea Hillier对舞蹈的热爱，故选E。]
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done.__1__， there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.
__2__. Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then.__3__. It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions.
When you need to talk to someone, don’t do it in your own office.__4__， it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.
If you have a door to your office, make good use of it.__5__. If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示)that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.
A．If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no
B．When you want to avoid interruptions at work
C．Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes
D．If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area
E．It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available
F．It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you
G．Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not
[语篇解读] 本文主要告诉我们怎样避免在工作时被打断。
1．B [空后面是一个完整的句子， 这说明填空处是一个从句， 然后根据前面的Interruptions可知选B。]
2．A [根据空后面的句点可知， 填空处需要一个完整的句子。根据下一句中的you have a million things to do可知you’re busy。故选A。]
3．E [空前面一句提到， 有人想打断你时， 安排好以后见面的时间， 由此可知， 填空处表示让想打断你的人知道你什么时候有空很重要。故选E。]
4．D [空后面是一个完整的句子， 所以此处是一个从句， 根据空前面的提示词office可知选D。]
5．G [根据空前面的a door和本段最后一句中的the door is closed可知选G。]
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me.__1__
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.__2__We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.
I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.__3__Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.
__4__We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.
__5__It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.
A．This time there was no tent.
B．Things are going to be improved.
C．The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D．I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E．I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F．After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G．There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
[语篇解读] 作者最初不喜欢野营， 经过几次有准备的野营后， 逐渐喜欢上它了。
1．D [前面提到野营的缺点， 这些是作者三年前的认识。此处表示转折， 然而， 自从那时以来我对野营有了更多的认识。then指代前面提到的three years ago。]
2．C [空后面提到这次野营住在帐篷里， 在户外做饭， 走很远的路去洗澡， 回家后两天没有上班， 因为被晒伤和儿子食物中毒。这都说明这次野营对作者来说是很困难的一次。故选C。]
3．A [根据空后面的we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds说明这次没有帐篷。故选A。]
4．F [此处承接上文， 表示自从那一次野营后， 我们一家人就对野营感兴趣了。引出空后面一句We have done a lot of it since. 自从那时以来我们去野营多次了。]
5．E [最后一段是总结， 前面提到作者对野营从不喜欢到喜欢的一个过程， 所以此处作者得出结论：我必须承认我开始喜欢野营了。]
第一组
I don’t know what that dream that you have is. I don’t care how disappointing it might be as you’re working toward that dream. But that dream you’re holding in your mind is possible. Some of you already know that it’s hard. It’s hard to change your life. In the process of achieving your dreams，__1__．
There will be moments when you are going to doubt yourself. You’ll say, “Why? Why is this happening to me？” For those of you who have experienced some hardships, don’t give up on your dreams.__2__，but they will not stay, they will come to pass.
Many of you fail to seek your purpose in life. You dream and then follow it up with a list of all the reasons why the dream is unachievable.__3__. Things like these are the true limits you experience in life and they are what you create or what you allow others to lay upon you.
__4__．Acting on the dream is harder.Recognize that a dream is a journey. On the simplest level, it takes commitment, time and courage. But rarely is something great easily realized. Dreaming is recognizing the potential for greatness and seeking it in all areas of your life. Believe in your dreams and your ability to accomplish them. I’m here to challenge you to reach for your dreams. Do not be afraid to dream.__5__！
A．Your dreams never walk away
B．The rough times are going to come
C．You fill your life with excuses and “I can’t”
D．You must spend more time achieving it
E．Dreaming is the easy part
F．If you can dream it, you can do it
G．you are going to suffer a lot of disappointment, failure and pain
[语篇解读] 本文主要论述了“要勇于心怀梦想，并努力实现梦想”这一主题。
1．G [根据空前的“Some of you already know that it’s hard.It’s hard to change your life.”可知，有人已经知道了实现梦想、改变生活的困难。据此可以判断，空处具体介绍实现梦想的困难：你将承受失望、失败和痛苦，故G项正确。]
2．B [根据空后的“but they will not stay, they will come to pass”可知，但是，这些困难终将过去。据此可以判断，空处陈述的是与此相反的情况，即会有困难时刻，故B项符合语境。]
3．C [根据空前的“You dream and then follow it up with a list of all the reasons why the dream is unachievable.”可知，你把自己无法实现梦想的原因列成了一个清单。据此可以判断，空处说明此举的结果：你的生活充斥着各种借口和“我不能”，故C项正确。]
4．E [根据空处后一句“Acting on the dream is harder.”可知，努力实现梦想更难，空处与该句形成对比。据此可知，空处表示“(设定)梦想是容易的”，故E项正确。]
5．F [根据空处前一句“Do not be afraid to dream.”可知，不要畏惧梦想。据此可以判断，空处应进一步表示要相信自己，你能实现梦想。故F项正确。]
China has been the birthplace of many of the world’s greatest inventions. It was, for example, the first country to produce paper money. Before the invention of paper money and coins, people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling.__1__This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering.
__2__In 1200 BC, people in China began to use shells (贝壳)as money. Usually the shells used as money were very small. This made it easier for people to carry money over long distances, and allowed for trade to develop between different parts of the country.
In the years which followed this invention，many other countries around the world began to do the same.__3__
The next development was in 1000 BC, when China started making bronze and copper shells. It wasn’t long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal.__4__By 500 BC, metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece, and later in the Roman Empire.
About 1，000 years later, leather was used as money in China, and in 806 AD, the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people.__5__
A．People also began collecting foreign coins as souvenirs.
B．However, as economies developed, such exchanges became impractical.
C．It was still many years before paper currency appeared in Europe.
D．They also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling.
E．As time went by, trade between countries increased.
F．During that time, for example, buying a chicken might cost several potatoes.
G．The very first coins often had holes in them so that people could string them together.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文，主要按照时间顺序讲述了中国和世界上其他国家货币发展的历史。
1．F [根据空前的“people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling”及空后的“This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering.”可知，此处主要讲的是“物物交换”，F项中的“buying a chicken might cost several potatoes”是“物物交换”的一个例子，符合上下文文意，故选F项。]
2．B [本文第一段讲的是“物物交换”；根据空后的“In 1200 BC，people in China began to use shells (贝壳)as money. Usually the shells used as money were very small.”可知，第二段讲的是“贝壳作为货币使用”，故此空的作用是承上启下。B项中的“such exchanges”与第一段最后一句中的“This exchange”相呼应，且B项中的“However”以及“impractical”表明“物物交换”有局限性，所以出现了更加方便携带的贝壳货币，符合上下文文意，故选B项。]
3．D [根据第二段内容及空前的“many other countries around the world began to do the same”可知，许多其他国家也开始这样做了。“to do the same”指的就是“也开始用贝壳作为买卖的货币”，故D项“他们也使用小贝壳作为货币进行买卖”符合上下文文意，故选D项。]
4．G [根据空前的“It wasn’t long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal.”可知，中国出现了金属制成的圆形钱币；根据空后的“By 500 BC，metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece，and later in the Roman Empire.”可知，到公元前500年这种金属钱币开始在其他国家出现。故空处应是解释这种金属钱币在其他国家出现的原因。故选G项“这种首次出现的钱币上通常有孔以便人们把它们串起来”。]
5．C [根据空前的“the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people”可知，此处讲到了纸币首先由中国人创造，故C项“很多年后纸币才出现在欧洲”与此处衔接紧密，故选C项。]
Helen Keller once wrote，“The unselfish effort to bring cheer to others will be the beginning of a happier life for ourselves.”__1__The UN has set December 5 as International Volunteer Day to give recognition to these people.
Nineteen-year-old Andrew Makhoul was a communications major at the University of Pennsylvania. It was coming up to spring break, but unlike his classmates, Makhoul wasn’t planning on spending the break relaxing.__2__
He traveled to Guatemala. He went to an orphanage (孤儿院) in one of the most violent and poor parts of Guatemala City.__3__Although he didn’t speak much Spanish, he found communication wasn’t a problem：“You communicated with love.” And what he gave out, he got back：“You could see love when you looked in their eyes.”
Makhoul’s first time as a volunteer only lasted a week, but by the end of that week, he knew he’d be back in the future.
__4__The UN highlighted the case of Palestinian women who are survivors of breast cancer. As part of the UN’s Aid and Hope Programme for Cancer Patient Care，the women have been volunteering their time to create lowcost breast prostheses(假体) to be distributed to women for free，among whom Shahd EISwerki is a brilliant example.__5__By the end of her time there, she admired these women who are “not only survivors but also volunteers”．
About 2，400 years ago, Greek philosopher Aristotle said, “The essence(本质) of life is to serve others and do good.”Volunteers all around the world are making these words come true, each and every day.
A．It depends upon volunteers to stay open.
B．She worked with the women as part of the programme.
C．Here, we tell two volunteering stories from around the globe.
D．Sometimes, volunteers themselves live with huge challenges.
E．He decided to spend his time doing something useful for people.
F．Volunteers want to do their best to make the world warmer and more beautiful.
G．These words certainly prove true for the millions of volunteers all over the world.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了志愿活动的意义以及一些志愿者所从事的志愿活动。
1．G [上文提到Helen Keller的话：为他人带来快乐的无私努力将是我们自己更幸福生活的开始。G项意为“这些话对全世界数以百万计的志愿者来说无疑是真实的”与上文语义衔接。其中unselfish effort与volunteers相呼应，故选G。]
2．E [上文说春假就要开始了，但是和他的同学不同的是，Makhoul不打算把时间花在休息上。E项表示他决定把时间花在为人们做一些有用的事情上，符合语境，故选E。]
3．A [上文说他去危地马拉城局势最动荡和最贫困的其中一个地区的一家孤儿院，A项表示它依靠志愿者来维持运行。根据常识和语境可知，A项与此处匹配。A项中的It指代上文的an orphanage。]
4．D [下文说乳腺癌的幸存者已经自愿花时间去制作低成本乳房假体，并且免费分发给其他女性(乳腺癌的幸存者)，其中Shahd EISwerki就是一个杰出的例子。D项表示有时志愿者自己也面临着巨大的挑战，概括准确，故选D。]
5．B [上文提到Shahd EISwerki是一个乳腺癌幸存者但仍然作为志愿者帮助他人，下文说在那里的一段时间结束后，她钦佩这些女性既是幸存者又是志愿者。故B项“作为项目的一部分，她与这些女性一起工作”，承上启下，符合语境，故选B。]
第二组
(2019·太原二模)We were high in the mountains of Xishuangbanna, as far south as you can get in Yunnan, which borders Myanmar and Laos.The drive was a typical, textbook beauty: mountains thick with rubber tree forests, pu’er tea plantations and banana trees and tiny Dai villages.Hidden among the fields of green, I spotted an odd collection of wooden boxes near a tent on the side of the road.__1__．
We had run into the current home of Wei Dajing, a 17-year-old apprentice(学徒) beekeeper who was manning his hives.Wei was fresh to the beekeeping life, and had been on the job for just two months and was here to learn from a master beekeeper.Their tent and hive setup is always temporary.__2__．This particular spot was stationed at a sunny patch of yellow flowers.“Once these flowers die, the rubber trees will flower, so we will move toward them，” he told Sam.
Like thieves in the night, the beekeepers will stealthily pack up their hives in the dark once the bees go to sleep.“They are most active around midday when they are collecting their nectar(花蜜)．__3__，” Wei explained.
The hives were humming, and the bees were invasively buzzing around Wei as he spoke to us.Pieces of fruit lay drying among the hives, used to feed the bees and give them an extra boost of energy once Wei bottles their hard-earned honey.Sam, who also has a couple of his own small hives in his backyard, told us，“You must always leave a little bit of honey in the hive.__4__．”
We waved goodbye to Wei.Back at Sam’s house, he gave us a bowlful of local honey.__5__．Lacking the usual sweetness of honey but instead rich in a more savory, spiced flavor, it tasted just like China.
A．It was smooth, thin and runny
B．Wei skillfully collected honey from the hives
C．Otherwise the bees get fed up and abandon you
D．Maybe it is the flowers that give such unique taste to the honey
E．By 10 p．m. they are asleep in their hives, which is when we move
F．I asked our excellent guide and new best friend, Sam, to pull over
G．Wei and his master move their camp as the flowers bloom and die
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了我们一行人和导游Sam在西双版纳山区旅游时发现蜂箱的经过，与养蜂人交流的情况等。
1．F [根据空处前一句“Hidden among the fields of green, I spotted an odd collection of wooden boxes near a tent on the side of the road.”可知，我发现了路边的一个帐篷附近有一堆奇怪的木箱。根据语境并结合常识可知，我让导游停下车去看看这些木箱，故F项正确。]
2．G [根据空处前一句“Their tent and hive setup is always temporary.”可知，他们的帐篷和蜂箱的安排总是临时的；结合下文内容可知，他们随花开花落搬迁帐篷和蜂箱，故G项正确。]
3．E [根据空前的“They are most active around midday when they are collecting their nectar(花蜜)．”可知，中午前后这些蜜蜂采蜜，这是它们最忙碌的时刻；再结合本段第一句可知，晚上蜜蜂会待在蜂箱中睡觉，这是养蜂人搬迁的时刻。故E项与该处匹配。]
4．C [根据空前的“You must always leave a little bit of honey in the hive.”可知，Sam有他自己的小蜂箱，他告诉我们，一定要在蜂箱里留下一点蜂蜜。结合上文中的“used to feed the bees and give them an extra boost of energy”可知，如果蜜蜂得不到喂养，它们就会不满并抛弃你，故C项正确。]
5．A [根据空后的“Lacking the usual sweetness of honey but instead rich in a more savory, spiced flavor”可知，这种蜂蜜没有一般蜂蜜的甜味，但却含有更美的香味；据此可知，空处是介绍这种蜂蜜的特征，故A项正确。]
(2019·长沙名校第二阶段测评)
How to Retain(保存) More of Every Book You Read
In recent years, I have focused on building good reading habits and learned how to read more.For most people, the final goal of reading a nonfiction book is to actually improve their life by learning a new skill, understanding an important problem, or looking at the world in a new way.__1__ With that in mind, I’d like to share three reading comprehension skills that I use to make my reading more productive.
·Make all of your notes searchable.
Having searchable book notes is important for returning to ideas easily.__2__ An idea is only useful if you can find it when you need it.There is no need to leave the task of reading comprehension merely up to your memory.
·__3__
When you go to the library, all of the books will be divided into different categories.In the real world, of course, knowledge is not separated into neatly defined boxes.__4__ For that reason, I try to consider how the book I’m reading is connected with all of the ideas that are already inside my head.Whenever possible, I try to combine the lessons I’m learning with previous ideas.
·Summarize the book in one paragraph.
__5__ It forces me to review my notes and consider what is really important about the book.In many cases, I find that I can usually get just as much useful information from reading my one-paragraph summary and reviewing my notes as I would if I read the entire book again.
A．Combine thoughts as you read.
B．All knowledge is interconnected.
C．Describe the book to your friends.
D．Read widely if you want to practice the skills.
E．It increases the chances that you will apply what you read in real life.
F．Once I finish a book, I challenge myself to summarize the text in just three sentences.
G．It’s important to read books, but it is just as important to remember what you read and use it.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文，分别从记笔记、边阅读边思考以及归纳三方面说明如何提高阅读效率。
1．G [根据空前的内容可知阅读能改善人们的生活，再根据后面一句中的“to make my reading more productive(使得阅读更有效率)”可知，G项“阅读很重要，而记住所阅读的东西并利用它同样重要”符合语境。另外，后面With that in mind中的that指代G项内容。]
2．E [根据语境可知，有可查阅的读书笔记对于轻松地回想起书中的思想很重要，这增加了你将读到的东西运用到现实生活中的可能性。E项中的It指代Having searchable book notes。]
3．A [根据此段的最后一句“Whenever possible, I try to combine the lessons I’m learning with previous ideas.”可知，作者建议读书的过程中要学会整合思想，故A项与此处匹配。]
4．B [根据空前一句“In the real world, of course, knowledge is not separated into neatly defined boxes.”可知，现实生活中，知识当然不是独立地安放在各种整齐、清晰界定的箱子里，所有的知识都是交融的，故B项与此处匹配。空后的“connected with”也是暗示。]
5．F [根据本段标题句Summarize the book in one paragraph.中的关键词Summarize可知，F项中的“I challenge myself to summarize the text in just three sentences”与标题信息相吻合。]
(2019·山东聊城二模)Studies have shown that drinking water on an empty stomach can help increase your metabolic(新陈代谢的) rate by 30%. __1__. You know what that means, right？－Quicker weight loss！__2__then you will be able to digest food faster and maintain a slim figure despite eating those extra calories. However, this doesn’t warrant(使正当)biting down on all that junk food. Furthermore, you will need to add in around four litres of water into your daily routine for best results.
Constipation(便秘)is the one of the most painful conditions which also results in remains of poisonous substances inside the body. But do you know that one of the other benefits of drinking water is that it helps to clear out your bowels？The colon(结肠), which is in part responsible for bowel movements，requires water to fun_ction properly.__3__．
Drinking water on an empty stomach, especially when it’s hot, can improve the health of your nervous system. In the early morning, the stomach is most receptive. At this moment, if you love coffee, which makes the central nervous system excited, your nervous system will be affected from the get-go.__4__， it can properly supply water to your nervous system, which will help it fun_ction properly.
Again, if you are likely to suffer a migraine attack, then water can help fight it off.__5__．So just by increasing your water intake, you are basically preventing your chances from suffering another headache attack. This is especially so when you are drinking water on an empty stomach, as your body doesn’t get any liquid when you are asleep.
A．If your metabolic rate is higher
B．If you just have a glass of warm water
C．When your skin is properly containing combined water inside
D．This means that the rate at which calories are burned increases by nearly one third
E．So just drink a glass of water and sit on your toilet for a clean colon
F．Your doctor might have already told you that headaches happen due to lack of water
G．Besides, we all know that having a healthy appetite is good for overall health
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。研究表明空腹喝水可以将新陈代谢率提高30%。
1．D [上句中的“30%”与D项中的“nearly one third”相对应，故答案为D项。句意：研究表明空腹喝水可以将新陈代谢率提高30%。这意味着热量燃烧率提高了近1/3。]
2．A [根据设空处后的逗号可知答案应从A、B、C三项中选择。设空处后句子中的“faster”与A项中的“higher”相对应。句意：如果你的新陈代谢率更高，你就能够更快地消化食物，保持苗条身材，尽管你摄入了额外的热量。]
3．E [上句中的“colon”与E项中的“colon”属词汇复现现象，故答案为E项。句意：结肠在一定程度上负责肠道运动，它需要水才能正常工作。所以只要喝一杯水，坐在马桶上，就能得到一个干净的结肠。]
4．B [根据设空处后的逗号可知答案应从B、C两项中选择。上句中的“if you love coffee”和B项(If you just have a glass of warm water)相对应，故答案为B项。句意：在此刻，如果你爱喝咖啡，这会使中枢神经系统兴奋，你的神经系统会从一开始就受到影响。如果你只喝一杯温水，它可以为你的神经系统提供适量的水，这将有助于神经系统正常工作。]
5．F [上句中的“a migraine attack”(偏头疼)与F项中的“headaches”相对应，故答案为F项。句意：如果你可能患有偏头痛，那么水可以帮助你摆脱它。你的医生可能告诉过你，头痛是由于缺水引起的。]
题型五 短文改错
第一组
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”. In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
答案
I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opensopen a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it requiredrequires a lot of ideas and efforts.What I want is not just an ordinarilyordinary cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe∧to have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”. In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselvesthemselves in the historical environment whatthat/which is created for them. If I succeed in managemanaging one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different citycities. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and ana unique style.
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
答案
During my last winter holiday, I went to∧thecountryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I findfound_a_big_change_there._The_first_time_I_went_there,_they_were_living_in_a_small_house_with_dogs,_ducks,_and_anotherother_animals._Last_winter_when_I_went_herethere_again,_they_had_a_big_separate_house_to_raise_dozens_of_chickenchickens._They_also_had_a_small_pond∧whichin或where they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sellselling the fish. I felt happilyhappy that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, butand he agreed.
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
答案
When I was little, Friday’sFriday night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sortsorts in the sitting room. As thea kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watchingwatch them, my parents would not to let me.They would say to usme that playing card games would help my brain. Still I∧wasunwilling to play the games forwith them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents arewere until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me wherewhen I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.I had done myself homework, but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.” Immediate，I raised my hand.
答案
It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just beginbegun. Everyone was silent, waitwaiting to see who would be called upon to read his andor her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager∧totake part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. I had done myselfmy/thehomework, but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a largerlarge group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includeincludes learning from textbooks, and mistakemistakes as well.”ImmediateImmediately, I raised my hand.
第二组
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
Mr. and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
答案
Mr. and Mrs. Zhang allboth work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about aan/one hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interestinginterested in planting vegetables in their garden, thatwhich is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlierearly and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. BesideBesides, they often get some useful informationsinformation from the Internet. When summer camecomes, they will invite their students∧topick the fresh vegetables!
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turning left！”I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
答案
In the summer holiday following my eighteeneighteenth birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard∧the/myfirst day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, sobut/yet once I started the car, my mind goeswent blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the wordwords, “Speed up！”“Slow down！”“TurningTurn left！”I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes latelater, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenlysudden stop just in the middle onof the road.
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
答案
When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I hadhave grown not only physically, andbut also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was tooktaken, I entered my second year of high school and becomebecame a new member of the school music club. Around me in∧the/thispicture are the things theythat/which were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying differencedifferent kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latelatest music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of yourmy high school days.
(2016·全国卷乙)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.Though not very big，but the restaurant is popular in our area.It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steady.
答案
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to thatwhere I live.Though not very big，but the restaurant is popular in our area.It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even hadhave to wait outside.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honesthonesty. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables orand high quality oil are usingused for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams∧ofbecoming rich in thea short period of time. Instead，he hopes that ourhis business will grow steadysteadily.
第一组
My family moved to this city when I was 12. I wasn’t very happy at my new school, so my parents suggested we take up a hobby. They believed, in that way, I could met other children with a similar interest.I choose tennis, mainly because there was a club near our home where accepted children. It really paid off, because I became quite closely to some children I met there, and we still see a lot each other now. I didn’t think I’d be good at tennis, so I stuck at it. I’ve now won a couple of match, which is more than I expected.In a fact，it’s hard to believing I’ve got to that level.
答案
My family moved to this city when I was 12. I wasn’t very happy at my new school, so my parents suggested weI take up a hobby. They believed, in that way, I could metmeet other children with a similar interest. I choosechose tennis, mainly because there was a club near our home wherethat/which accepted children. It really paid off, because I became quite closelyclose to some children I met there, and we still see a lot∧ofeach other now. I didn’t think I’d be good at tennis, sobut/yet I stuck at it. I’ve now won a couple of matchmatches，which is more than I expected.In a fact, it’s hard to believingbelieve I’ve got to that level.
It was in a hot summer holiday which I visited Qingdao, port city in Shandong Province. My favourite sport is swimming, so I decide to go swimming in the sea one afternoon with my friend，Wang Fei and Li Lei.
It was the first time that I had swum in the sea, with waves come one after another to the shore and making great noises. Facing the rough sea, I felt a bit worrying and nearly gave up at first. And when I saw many people enjoying myself in the water, my fear was reducing. At last I joined in the swimmers. Now I still remember how wonderful I was swimming in the sea.
答案
It was in a hot summer holiday whichthat I visited Qingdao，∧aport city in Shandong Province. My favourite sport is swimming, so I decidedecided to go swimming in the sea one afternoon with my friendfriends，Wang Fei and Li Lei.
It was the first time that I had swum in the sea, with waves comecoming one after another to the shore and making great noises. Facing the rough sea, I felt a bit worryingworried and nearly gave up at first. AndBut when I saw many people enjoying myselfthemselves in the water, my fear was reducing. At last I joined in the swimmers. Now I still remember how wonderfulwonderfully I was swimming in the sea.
Will our parents check our homework? Not really. Since having already growing up, we can’t act like little baby and rely on our parents all the time.
When I was in Grade Three, my parents asked us to check my homework by myself. I don’t know what to do in that time, so I cried. After that, I got used to correct my own homework and became more independent.
Check homework by ourselves is very good habit. It can not only help us find mistakes in exams more easy but also let our parents worry less about our studies. Because parents will leave us some day, so we should learn to do everything by ourselves.
答案
Will our parents check our homework? Not really. Since having already growinggrown up, we can’t act like little babybabies and rely on our parents all the time.
When I was in Grade Three, my parents asked usme to check my homework by myself. I don’tdidn’t know what to do inat that time, so I cried. After that, I got used to correctcorrecting my own homework and became more independent.
CheckChecking homework by ourselves is∧a very good habit. It can not only help us find mistakes in exams more easyeasily but also let our parents worry less about our studies. Because parents will leave us some day, so we should learn to do everything by ourselves.
My father, who had been away on a business trip, will come back. I missed him too much that I couldn’t wait to seeing him at once.My father’s train would arrive at 5：30. To me surprise, Father gave me the call at 5：00. He told me not to meet him at the train station because the heavy rain. Therefore，I didn’t listen to him. Though it was rained cats and dogs, but I went to the train station. The moment we caught sight of each other, all of us were so excited that we hugged each other warmly and tightly.
答案
My father, who had been away on a business trip, willwould come back. I missed him tooso much that I couldn’t wait to seeingsee him at once.My father’s train would arrive at 5：30. To memy surprise, Father gave me thea call at 5：00. He told me not to meet him at the train station because ∧of the heavy rain. ThereforeHowever，I didn’t listen to him. Though it was rainedraining cats and dogs，but I went to the train station. The moment we caught sight of each other, allboth of us were so excited that we hugged each other warmly and tightly.
第二组
(2019·陕西汉中一联)
Last Friday, our class was invited an old craftsman to teach us how to making dough figurines(面人). When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box. First, he shows us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines. We stood around him or watched attentively. Then we started to have a try itself. The old man walked around and helped us patient. Finally, we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman. Looking on the figurines, we were all very exciting. We hope we can have more activity of this kind!
答案
Last Friday, our class was invited an old craftsman to teach us how to makingmake dough figurines(面人). When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him∧awarm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box. First, he showsshowed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines. We stood around him orand watched attentively. Then we started to have a try itselfourselves. The old man walked around and helped us patientpatiently. Finally, we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman. Looking onat the figurines, we were all very excitingexcited. We hope we can have more activityactivities of this kind!
(2019·山东济宁一模)
Dear Li Hua，
In your last email, you mentioned you felt frustrating at your small vocabulary. Now, I’d like to share you my ideas.
In fact, it’s not such hard to build a large vocabulary－you have to keep at it daily, but pretty soon you will find you have an excellent vocabulary. One of the effective ways are to read good books and you’d better to read at least one good book a week. It’s far good than any other method because you can improve your vocabulary while read an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you can learn new words and its usages unconsciously, which will help enlarge your vocabulary natural.
Yours，
Peter
答案
Dear Li Hua，
In your last email, you mentioned you felt frustratingfrustrated at your small vocabulary. Now, I’d like to share∧withyou my ideas.
In fact, it’s not suchso hard to build a large vocabulary－you have to keep at it daily, butand pretty soon you will find you have an excellent vocabulary. One of the effective ways areis to read good books and you’d better
read at least one good book a week. It’s far goodbetter than any other method because you can improve your vocabulary while readreading an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you can learn new words and itstheir usages unconsciously, which will help enlarge your vocabulary naturalnaturally.
Yours，
Peter
(2019·闽粤赣“三省十校”联考)
Rain is of greatly importance to us. Without rain, our water supply would cut off and we would die, so would plants and animals. Therefore, too much rain does a lot of harm for us. It floods fields, towns and cities, cause us great losses. So far, man’s control over rain had never stopped. If they can gain more effective control over rain, we will enjoy more freedom from the nature. Luckily, we humans have taken step, such as planting more trees and using weather forecasts, it helps avoid flood damage and protect our water supply.
答案
Rain is of greatlygreat importance to us. Without rain, our water supply would∧becut off and we would die, so would plants and animals. ThereforeHowever, too much rain does a lot of harm forto us. It floods fields, towns and cities, causecausing us great losses. So far, man’s control over rain hadhas never stopped. If theywe can gain more effective control over rain, we will enjoy more freedom from the nature. Luckily, we humans have taken stepsteps, such as planting more trees and using weather forecasts, itwhich helps avoid flood damage and protect our water supply.
It was raining hardly outside, which made it difficult for me to go home for lunch. Just as I was wondering what I should eat at noon, I saw a familiar figure passed by our classroom. I rushed out and found it was my mother, already in fifties, which brought me lunch in spite of the heavy rain. In China, many parents make great sacrifices for our children. But what had the children done in return？All too often, most children just take it for granted that their parent should serve for them unconditionally. My dear mum or dad, thank you very much for bringing me up. How shall I do for you?
答案
It was raining hardlyhard outside, which made it difficult for me to go home for lunch. Just as I was wondering what I should eat at noon, I saw a familiar figure passedpassing by our classroom. I rushed out and found it was my mother, already in∧herfifties, whichthat/who brought me lunch in spite of the heavy rain. In China, many parents make great sacrifices for ourtheir children. But what hadhave the children done in return？All too often, most children just take it for granted that their parentparents should serve for them unconditionally. My dear mum orand dad, thank you very much for bringing me up. HowWhat shall I do for you?
第三组
(2019·贵州铜仁一中模拟)As winter comes, there are much rain and snow in many parts of our country including our city. It is too cold that an increasing number of students catch a cold. Even worse, some students fell down and hurt them because the icy roads. So we should protect ourselves from cold weather and there are many things what are of help. First，we should put up more clothes when going outside. Then to remember not to run or walk too fast on slippery roads. Luckily，some measures have been taking to prevent us from falling down. For example, some mats have been placed on the step of the teaching building. I hope everyone is safe and health.
答案
As winter comes, there areis much rain and snow in many parts of our country including our city. It is tooso cold that an increasing number of students catch a cold. Even worse，some students fell down and hurt themthemselves because ∧of the icy roads. So we should protect ourselves from cold weather and there are many things whatthat/which are of help. First，we should put upon more clothes when going outside. Then to remember not to run or walk too fast on slippery roads. Luckily，some measures have been takingtaken to prevent us from falling down. For example, some mats have been placed on the stepsteps of the teaching building. I hope everyone is safe and healthhealthy.
(2019·河北衡水中学期末)Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in people’s life in recent years.
In the past，people kept in touch with each other mainly by written letters or using the public telephone. But now almost everyone have his own mobile phone. People can communicate for each other almost at any place and at any time. What’s more，people have easy access to the Internet，what enables them to send and receive emails whatever they like.
With this changes，people’s pace of life has been quickened and people’s work has been made more efficiently. It is used to take several days to hear of each other, but now it takes only several minutes, even if they are on two different continents. In word, people have an easier life nowadays.
答案
Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in people’s life in recent years.
In the past，people kept in touch with each other mainly by writtenwriting letters or using the public telephone. But now almost everyone havehas his own mobile phone. People can communicate forwith each other almost at any place and at any time. What’s more，people have easy access to the Internet，whatwhich enables them to send and receive emails whateverwhenever they like.
With thisthese changes，people’s pace of life has been quickened and people’s work has been made more efficientlyefficient. It
used to take several days to hear offrom each other, but now it takes only several minutes, even if they are on two different continents. In ∧a word, people have an easier life nowadays.
Last summer holiday, I went to visit my cousin in Dalian by bus. The journey was not so comfortably as a journey by train. After getting on the bus, I choose a seat near the window so that I could look out or enjoy the scenes from the running bus. The trees, houses and lakes on both side of the road was beautiful. The old man was sitting near me. She told me about the various places in which I should visit. I enjoyed talk with him. After seven hours I arrived at Dalian bus station and my cousin was already there waiting me.
答案
Last summer holiday, I went to visit my cousin in Dalian by bus. The journey was not so comfortablycomfortable as a journey by train. After getting on the bus, I choosechose a seat near the window so that I could look out orand enjoy the scenes from the running bus. The trees, houses and lakes on both sidesides of the road waswere beautiful. TheAn old man was sitting near me. SheHe told me about the various places in which I should visit. I enjoyed talktalking with him. After seven hours I arrived at Dalian bus station and my cousin was already there waiting∧forme.
Dear Mr. Thomas，
I learn from the Notice Board that you want a word editor for the English Weekly. Luckily I had a friend, David, who is good for English. I think he is the right person for a post.
David does well in write in English and once won first prize in the English writing contest holding in our school. What’s much, David is a friendly boy and he’s always ready to help other whenever he is needed. And, most important, he gets on well with all his classmates and willing to work for the good of the team.
Please offer to him a chance. I’m sure he will give you a surprise.
Yours,
Sam
答案
Dear Mr. Thomas，
I learn from the Notice Board that you want a word editor for the English Weekly. Luckily I hadhave a friend, David, who is good forat English. I think he is the right person for athe post.
David does well in writewriting in English and once won first prize in the English writing contest holdingheld in our school. What’s muchmore, David is a friendly boy and he’s always ready to help otherothers whenever he is needed. And, most importantimportantly, he gets on well with all his classmates and∧iswilling to work for the good of the team.
Please offer to him a chance. I’m sure he will give you a surprise.
Yours，
Sam
第四组
(2019·兰州实战模拟)Yesterday we went to Happiness Nursing House to help the old people.We set out earlier in the morning and brought them lots gifts.When we arrived，we were warmly welcome by them.First we introduced myself.Then we were making dumplings together with the old，talking and laugh.After lunch，we performed and sang songs with them happy.Finally all the old people say goodbye to us at the gate.We were very happy because of we did a good deed.I think this necessary for us teenagers to learn what to respect and take care of others，especially，the old.
答案
Yesterday we went to Happiness Nursing House to help the old people.We set out earlierearly in the morning and brought them lots∧ofgifts.When we arrived，we were warmly welcomewelcomed by them.First we introduced myselfourselves.Then we were making dumplings together with the old，talking and laughlaughing.After lunch，we performed and sang songs with them happyhappily.Finally all the old people saysaid goodbye to us at the gate.We were very happy because of we did a good deed.I think thisit necessary for us teenagers to learn whathow to respect and take care of others，especially，the old.
(2019·东北三省四市教研联合体一模)I was often troubled by lack of confidences.So I applied for a job at an exhibition as reporter last term.The exhibition was held annual to display the latest products in the field of education.At that time, I was responsible for interview parents who bought the learning tools.While talking with him, I found it was not so hard as I think.One lady even praised me but asked her son to learn from me.I realized the experience was in great value and nothing was more excited than communicating with people.
From this experience, I am fully aware that we should take real action if our personality that needs improving.
答案
I was often troubled by lack of confidencesconfidence.So I applied for a job at an exhibition as∧areporter last term.The exhibition was held annualannually to display the latest products in the field of education.At that time, I was responsible for interviewinterviewing parents who bought the learning tools.While talking with himthem, I found it was not so hard as I thinkthought.One lady even praised me butand asked her son to learn from me.I realized the experience was inof great value and nothing was more excitedexciting than communicating with people.
From this experience, I am fully aware that we should take real action if our personality that needs improving.
(2019·贵阳适应性考试一)Knowing from your website that a competition for freely tickets to the Mulan musical is being held，I am writing apply for one.The following can well explain why I should deserve it.She was told about the story of Mulan by my grandpa when I am only three years old.Since then I have been crazy about the brave or dutiful girl.I’ve collected and read over 20 different book version of Mulan，seen all the Mulan movies and attend play performances twice.I’ve read if it’s an unbelievable show with wonderful songs，amazing costumes and remarkable sets.So you can imagine how exciting I am to hear the musical is coming to town.Thanks for organizing the competition and I hope I’ll be one of the lucky winners.If I am，the ticket can be sent it to 91 Remin Road.
答案
Knowing from your website that a competition for freelyfree tickets to the Mulan musical is being held，I am writing∧toapply for one.The following can well explain why I should deserve it.SheI was told about the story of Mulan by my grandpa when I amwas only three years old.Since then I have been crazy about the brave orand dutiful girl.I’ve collected and read over 20 different book versionversions of Mulan，seen all the Mulan movies and attendattended play performances twice.I’ve read ifthat it’s an unbelievable show with wonderful songs，amazing costumes and remarkable sets.So you can imagine how excitingexcited I am to hear the musical is coming to town.Thanks for organizing the competition and I hope I’ll be one of the lucky winners.If I am，the ticket can be sent
to 91 Remin Road.
(2019·福建高三质量检查)Mao Zhaomu drop out of high school several years ago.Now the self-taught English learner has been admitted to one of China’s top foreign language university，Sichuan International Studies University，that he used to deliver food to students.Mao once worked a delivery man for a restaurant.And he chatted happy with English learners online during her spare time.There were much grammatical mistakes，but that didn’t prevent him from chatting.To seize every chance to study English，he would memorize words while wait for customers.Mao said that how he hoped very much to become an interpreter.Whoever have a dream and dares to seek it is the loveliest person.
答案
Mao Zhaomu dropdropped out of high school several years ago.Now the self-taught English learner has been admitted to one of China’s top foreign language universityuniversities，Sichuan International Studies University，thatwhere he used to deliver food to students.Mao once worked∧asa delivery man for a restaurant.And he chatted happyhappily with English learners online during herhis spare time.There were muchmany grammatical mistakes，but that didn’t prevent him from chatting.To seize every chance to study English，he would memorize words while waitwaiting for customers.Mao said that
he hoped very much to become an interpreter.Whoever havehas a dream and dares to seek it is the loveliest person.
题型六 书面表达
第一组
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)
假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学生摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信，请他提供作品。信的内容包括：
1．主题：环境保护；
2．展览时间；
3．投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow@gmschool.com。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Peter，
Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show. The theme of the show is environmental protection. It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks. Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. I know you take good pictures and you’ve always wanted to do something for environmental protection. I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school. This is surely a good chance for more people to see them. If you want to join, you can send your photos to intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.
Hope to hear from you soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1．到达时间；
2．合适的礼物；
3．餐桌礼仪。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Terry，
I am delighted when receiving your letter, asking what customs you should pay attention to when visiting a friend. Here are my tips for you.
First of all, bear in mind that you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time, which is of great significance to show your politeness. Additionally, to be respectful, you might as well bring an appropriate gift, like some fruits. Most importantly, it’s vital that you should mind your table manners. For instance, never speak with your mouth full of food, which may be similar to your own custom.
In brief, do as the Chinese do when in China. I do hope you will have great fun at your friend’s home.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
假定你是李华， 正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：
1．时间和地点；
2．内容：学习唐诗；
3．课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Leslie,
I am writing to tell you my plan for the coming Chinese lesson. I’ve decided to teach you Tang poetry in Room 101 Building 1 at 8：00 a．m. on Wednesday, which will last two hours. Tang poetry is a symbol of Chinese traditional literature and plays an important part in Chinese culture, so it’s necessary for you to have a good knowledge of it. Besides, in order to learn Tang poetry well, you’d better get some information about Tang Dynasty before class.
Would you tell me if it’s convenient for you? Furthermore, when you meet with some puzzling questions, don’t hesitate to turn to me.
Yours,
Li Hua
(2017·天津卷·书面表达)
假设你是李津， 与你以前的外籍教师Mrs.Green一直保持联系。近日她来信询问你的近况， 请根据以下提示给她回复一封邮件。
1．简要介绍自己的学习和生活；
2．告知你已成为八月底在津举办的第十三届全运会的志愿者， 并介绍为此所做的准备(如深入了解天津等)；
3．希望她有机会重访天津。
注意：1.词数不少于100；
2．可适当加入细节， 使内容充实、行文连贯；
3．开头已给出， 不计入总词数。
参考词汇：第十三届全运会the 13th National Games
Dear Mrs.Green,
I’m so glad to hear from you.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Jin
【参考范文】
Dear_Mrs._Green,_
I’m_so_glad_to_hear_from_you. I’m writing to tell you something about my life and study in recent days. I’m very busy with my lessons now, for the Entrance Examination, which is very important to me, is coming. Every day, I have to spend most of my time in studying. As a result, I don’t have enough time to take exercise. What’s worse, I don’t communicate a lot with my parents and my friends.
By the way, I am now a volunteer for the 13th National Games, which will be held at the end of August in Tianjin. In order to be a qualified volunteer, I have to improve myself by reading some books about Tianjin so as to know more about it.
I miss you very much！Will you please pay a visit to Tianjin again so that we may meet again?
Looking forward to seeing you a second time.
Yours,_
Li_Jin
第二组
(2015·全国卷Ⅰ·书面表达)
假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：
1．栏目介绍；
2．稿件内容；
3．稿件长度：约400词；
4．交稿日期：6月28日前。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter，
I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear_Peter，
I’d_like_to_ask_you_to_write_an_article_for_our_school’s_English_newspaper.
The“Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students. It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals, and the life of American high school students. You can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative.400 words would be fine. Could we have your article before June 28?
I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours，
Li_Hua
(2015·北京卷·书面表达)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请给你的美国朋友Jim写一封邮件，告诉他你打算参加龙舟训练营，希望他一起参加。邮件的内容包括：
1．介绍训练营的相关内容(例如：时间、地点、参加者等)；
2．说明你打算参加的原因；
3．询问对方的意向。
注意：1.词数不少于50个；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：龙舟训练营Dragon Boat Training Camp
Dear Jim，
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li_Hua
【参考范文】
Dear_Jim，
I’m writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday. I want to join a Dragon Boat Training Camp. I wonder if you’d like to go with me.
This camp will open on July 20th.It offers teenagers like you and me a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture. If you are interested in it, please let me know and I’ll send you more information.
Hope to meet you at the training camp this summer.
Yours，
Li_Hua
(2015·浙江卷·书面表达)
在班级活动中，当你的想法与大多数同学不一致时，你是坚持自己的观点并说服别人，还是尊重大多数同学的意见？请你以“When I Have a Different Opinion”为题，用英文写一篇100～120词的短文。要求如下：
1．从以上两种做法中选择一种；
2．以具体事例阐述你选择的理由。
注意：短文中，不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、同学姓名等真实信息。否则，按考试作弊行为认定。
When I Have a Different Opinion
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
【参考范文1】
When I Have a Different Opinion
We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have various ways to deal with such a situation. When I have a better idea, I would choose to stick to it. By doing so, I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.
Once we were discussing where to go for an outing. Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place. I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea. We did have a good time that day. Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.
【参考范文2】
When I Have a Different Opinion
We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.
The main reason for my choice is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing collectivism, I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit. Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum. I would love to go to a museum, but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic. Without hesitation, I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day. Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.
(2015·天津卷·写作)
假设你是晨光中学学生会主席李津，你校拟向美国友好交流学校的中文班捐赠一批图书。请根据以下提示，写一封邮件与中文班班长Chris联系，并告知将于今年七月赴对方学校参加夏令营时带去赠书。
1．自我介绍；
2．拟捐赠图书的类型、册数、用途等；
3．询问对方的其他需求。
注意：1.词数不少于100；
2．请适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。
参考词汇：学生会the Student Union
Dear Chris，
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Jin
【参考范文】
Dear_Chris，
This is Li Jin, an 8 grade student from Chenguang Middle School, China. As the president of the Student Union, I want to talk with you about the donation of books on behalf of my school.
I’m very glad that there are so many American students loving Chinese. I think Chinese is an interesting language. Of course, I guess it is not so easy for you to learn it. Actually, to help you learn Chinese well, we will donate to your class 300 books which are all about traditional Chinese history. With these books, I hope that all of you can know more about Chinese history and culture. Also maybe they can help you learn Chinese better. And these books will be taken with us when we take part in your Summer Camp this July.
By the way, do you need any other help? If there is any demand, I would be very happy to help.
Yours，
Li_Jin
假定你是李华，你正在为高考紧张复习，但最近你遇到了一些问题导致无法集中精力学习。于是你给你校的外籍心理老师Kate写一封求助信寻求帮助。要点如下：
1．自我简介。
2．所遇到的问题。
3．希望得到她的帮助。
注意：1.词数100左右。
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Kate，
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear_Kate，
I am Li Hua, a Senior 3 student. Recently, I’ve been busy preparing for my College Entrance Exam, but unfortunately I find it quite hard to concentrate on my study. So I’m writing to ask you for help.
I’m encountering some problems which trouble me a lot. First, I have to spend so much time on my homework that I hardly have time to take sports. Moreover, the high expectation from the teachers and my parents makes me extremely stressed because I don’t want to let them down. What troubles me most is that it’s difficult for me to fall asleep every night.
Faced with the above problems, I’m anxious to get your help. Could you please offer me some advice on how to solve these problems?
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua
假设你是李华。澳大利亚网友 James 写信告知你他将来中国做交换生，到你校学习，他向你了解学校课外活动情况。请你给他写封回信表示欢迎，简介课外活动基本情况，并重点介绍上周刚举办的模拟联合国活动 Model United Nations Conference(MUN)。
注意：1.词数 100 左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear James，
Welcome to China as an exchange student.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Look forward to seeing you here.
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear_James，
Welcome_to_China_as_an_exchange_student. In your letter, you asked me about extracurricular activities in our school. Now let me give a brief introduction.
We are encouraged to take part in various activities after school, including talent shows, sports meeting, speeches and field trips. For example, last week the Student Union organized a Model United Nations Conference, which was a success. At the conference, students were dressed in suits instead of usual school uniform to look formal and serious. We acted as ambassadors from different countries and delivered powerful speeches to discuss current international affairs.It was a good chance to develop our communication skills and cooperation spirits.
Look_forward_to_seeing_you_here.
Yours,_
Li_Hua
假定你是李华，你的笔友Peter所在的林肯中学将举办中国文化周活动，他来信向你寻求活动相关建议。请你给他回信，内容要点包括：
1．活动内容及形式；
2．说明推荐理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．可能用到的词汇：剪纸 paper-cutting
书法 calligraphy
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Peter，
I’m very glad to learn that a Chinese Culture Week activity will be held in your school. It’s a good opportunity for you to learn more about culture.
First a paper-cutting exhibition is a good choice. As a traditional Chinese art, paper-cutting includes different themes like plants, animals, stories and so on. Additionally, holding a Chinese calligraphy competition can also arouse people’s interest, which is very helpful in learning Chinese culture. What’s more, lectures about Chinese history, architecture, poems, or even food, are surely welcome. And a Chinese painting show is always attractive. I hope my suggestions will be of great help to you.
Yours，
Li Hua
假如你是一名学生会主席， 你校学生会要组织一次户外活动，现在请你根据以下内容以学生会的名义写份书面通知，词数100词左右。
主要内容：为了放松自己，走进大自然，我们决定去附近的农场采摘脐橙(navel orange)。欢迎踊跃参加。
时间：下周日上午：8：00—11：00
下周五下午5：00前到办公室报名。
要求：穿戴合适，如帽子，手套等。
发布时间：11月8日。
注意：1.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Notice
November 8
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
【参考范文】
Notice
November 8
In order to relax ourselves and get close to nature, we have decided to go to the farm nearby to pick navel oranges from 8：00 a．m. to 11：00 a．m. next Sunday. All the students are welcome to take an active part in the activity.
Those who would like to go are requested to sign up your names in the office before 5：00 p．m. next Friday. It is recommended that you prepare suitable clothes and shoes. In addition, please remember to wear a hat and a pair of gloves in case the branches will hurt you.
We hope all the participants will have a good time in the activity.
The Students’ Union
题型四 语法填空
第一组
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
On our way to the house, it was raining 1.____________ hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 2.________________ (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3.____________ dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 4.____________ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 5.____________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya (木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 6.____________ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 7.____________ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 8.____________ (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 9.____________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 10.___________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
[答案与解析]
1．so [so ... that是固定结构，意为“如此……以至于”，因此应填so。]
2．to get [分析句子结构可知， it takes＋时间＋to do sth.中，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。]
3．of [a pack of ... 是固定搭配，意为“一群……”。]
4．who/that [此处用who或that引导定语从句修饰先行词masters。]
5．recommended [全文是在叙述过去的情况，再根据空白处前面的并列的谓语动词shared可知，此处用recommend的过去式recommended。]
6．competition [根据空白处之前的冠词an和后面的to watch可知，此处应填名词competition。]
7．traditional [此处应用形容词作stories的定语。]
8．hugely [修饰后面的形容词popular，应用副词hugely。]
9．were invited [invite和主语we之间是被动关系，故用其被动语态，且全文是在叙述过去的情况，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态。]
10．listening [主语we与listen为主动关系，故用动词-ing作状语。]
(2019·浙江)
There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody 1.____________ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears 2.____________ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 3.____________ gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or 4.____________ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can 5.____________ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer 6.____________ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students’ grades 7.____________ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn’t want 8.____________ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no 9.____________ (connect)between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are 10.____________ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don’t have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。主题语境为人与社会，本文旨在增强学生的文化意识。文章介绍了学生穿校服的好处，虽然校服能否提高学校的水平还不确定，但是大部分英国的中学还是规定穿校服。
1．has/will have [考查时态。句意：当学校里的每个学生都穿校服时，就不会有人担心时尚问题。根据从句中谓语动词wears(一般现在时)，可推知设空处也需用一般现在时表示现在的客观情况，故用has；也可认为设空处表示将来的行为，需用一般将来时，故也可填will have。]
2．the [考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同样式的衣服。the same为固定短语，意为：同样的。]
3．that/which [考查定语从句。句意：在夹克的边上有一块布，这块布在黑暗中会发光。先行词是cloth，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The cloth gives off light in the dark.由此可知，关系词在定语从句中作主语，且先行词指“物”，故填that/which。]
4．cycling [考查动词。设空处与walking并列，与are连用构成现在进行时，故填cycling。]
5．easily [考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰动词see，需用副词形式，根据提示词easy可知本题填easily。]
6．to [考查介词。名词answer与介词to连用，意为：……的答案。类似的名词还有key，entrance，reply。]
7．improved [考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服以后，学生的成绩略有提升。根据句中的found和introduced可知，此处为过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。]
8．to wear [考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：但是有些学生不想穿校服。want后需加不定式作宾语，故填to wear。类似的动词还有decide，refuse，offer，promise等。]
9．connection/connections [考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明，校服和学生在学校的表现之间没有联系。no后既可以用名词的单数形式也可以用名词的复数形式。]
10．traditional [考查形容词。设空处作表语，且表示主语的特征，故填traditional。]
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1.____________ (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2.____________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 3.____________ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4.____________ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 5.____________ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 6.____________ (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7.____________ (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005－when the government 8.____________ (start) a soil-testing program 9.____________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers－and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 10.__________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
[答案与解析]
1．has grown [由Since 2011“自2011年以来”可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间开始，一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时，且主语the country 是单数名词。]
2．the [此处特指过去的25年。]
3．actually [应用副词作状语修饰介词短语behind the change。]
4．to improve [根据语境“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的，动词不定式作目的状语。]
5．than [less是little的比较级，than引出比较对象。]
6．pollution [此处作decrease的宾语，应填名词pollution。]
7．global [此处和total一起修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption意为“全世界的化肥总消耗量”。]
8．started [根据上下文可知作者在说2005年发生的事情，应用动词的一般过去式。]
9．that/which [根据语境“...gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers”修饰“a soil-testing program”，先行词表示物，关系代词作定语从句的主语，用that或者which。]
10．feeding [when/while＋现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when/while 引导的时间状语从句。]
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
I’m not sure 1.____________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2.____________ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 3.____________ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 4.____________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 5.____________ (challenge)．
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a 6.______________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 7.____________ these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 8.____________ (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 9.____________ (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder！” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 10.____________ (stay) and watch.
[答案与解析]
1．which [名词性从句/连接词，根据下文的“me or the female gorilla”可知，此处给出两个选择，句意为：我不确定哪一个感到更害怕。故填连接代词which。]
2．the [冠词(定冠词)，at the top of one’s lungs是固定短语，意为“用尽量大的声音”，因此填定冠词the。]
3．loudest [副词(最高级)，由空格后的“of all”可知，雄性大猩猩喊叫声最大。因此填最高级形式loudest。]
4．looking [非谓语动词(动名词)，avoid后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”。]
5．challenged [非谓语动词(过去分词)，主语he与challenge(对……挑战)为被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。]
6．scientist [构词法，此处介绍“我”的身份是一位科学家。因此应填scientist。]
7．for [介词，此处意为“我当时正在搜寻西部低地的这三只大猩猩”。search for 意为“搜寻”。]
8．them [代词(人称代词)，人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。them在此作find的宾语。]
9．meant [谓语动词(时态)，全文是在叙述过去的情况，因此谓语动词用一般过去时。]
10．to stay [非谓语动词(动词不定式)，allow sb. to do sth.是固定结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此应填to stay。]
第二组
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1.____________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2.____________ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 3.____________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4.____________ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines 5.____________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6.____________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25, 000 people were using 7.____________ every day.
Later, engineers 8.____________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 9.____________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 10.____________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了最早的地铁以及地铁早期的发展。
1．crowds [考查名词的单复数。根据空前面的形容词terrible可知此处填名词， crowd表示“人群”， 是可数名词， 前面没有不定冠词a, 所以用复数形式。]
2．from [考查介词。to and from“往返， 来回， 来来往往”。to and from work“上下班”。]
3．laying [考查非谓语动词。laying和句中的digging up, building并列。]
4．the [考查冠词。top是名词， 前面要用冠词， 此处特指在挖的路的上面， 所以用定冠词the。]
5．were used [考查时态和语态。此处讲的是过去的事情， 主语Steam engines和use之间是被动关系， 所以用一般过去时的被动语态。]
6．fairly [考查词性转化。此处需要用副词来修饰形容词unpleasant。]
7．it [考查代词。用it指代前句中的railway。]
8．managed [考查时态。此处讲的是过去的事情， 所以用一般过去时， 主语engineers和manage之间是主动关系， 故填managed。]
9．introduction [考查词性转化。根据空前面的with和定冠词the可知此处需要填名词。with the introduction of表示“随着……的引进”。]
10．successful [考查词性转化。句意：伦敦中央地铁是这些新地铁线中最成功的线路之一。根据句意以及空格前的the most可知， 此处是the most＋多音节形容词构成最高级， 故填successful。]
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 1.____________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2.____________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease－the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3.____________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4.____________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 5.____________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6.____________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7.____________ (be)full of fat and salt；by 8.____________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9.____________ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10.____________ is not good for the health.
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 人们现在提倡低脂少盐的生活， 但它却带来了一些副作用， 如过度肥胖和心脏病。本文提醒我们要适量， 不能走极端。
1．as [考查介词。此处指作为一种抵抗心脏病的方法。as表示“作为”。]
2．effects [考查名词单复数。此处根据空前面的some以及空后面列举的两个副作用可知， 用effect的复数形式。]
3．to process [考查非谓语动词。require sb. to do sth. “要求某人做某事”。]
4．are removed [考查时态和语态。填空处在句中作谓语。本文讲述的是现状， 用一般现在时。主语是fat and salt, 和remove之间是被动关系， 所以填are removed。]
5．a [考查冠词和固定搭配。as a result“因此”。]
6．worse [考查比较级。even修饰比较级， even worse表示“更糟糕的是”。]
7．is [考查主谓一致。主语是fast food, 是不可数名词， 所以谓语用单数形式， 且此处讲的是现状， 所以填is。]
8．eating [考查非谓语动词。by在此处表示“通过”， 是介词， 后面接动词的-ing形式。]
9．careful [考查词性转化。此处表示“小心不要走极端”。根据句意和be可知后面用形容词careful。]
10．which [考查定语从句。此处， which引导非限制性定语从句， which在从句中作主语， 指代前面主句的内容。]
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 1.__________(rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as 2.____________model in New York.
Sarah 3.____________(tell)that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 4.____________has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 5.____________(prove)that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 6.____________(educate).
She has turned down several 7.__________(invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 8.____________engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 9.____________(come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 10.____________(certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more. ”
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇人物介绍， 介绍了一个中学生的多面人生。
1．resting [此处句子结构应是spend time (in) doing。]
2．a [此处句子意义应为“作为纽约的一名模特”， 在单数可数名词model前应该使用不定冠词a, 表示“一， 一名”。]
3．has been told/was told [此处句子意义应为“有人告诉过Sarah, 她可能是英国的一名新超模， 下一年能挣一百万美元”， 故句子谓语应该使用现在完成时的被动语态。由于从句中的谓语动词could be此处也可以使用一般过去时的被动语态。]
4．who [根据句子结构可知， 此处应是一个非限制性定语从句， 先行词是Sarah, 故关系代词用who。]
5．to prove [根据句子结构可知， 此处应该使用不定式作动词want的宾语。]
6．education [前面有形容词性物主代词her, 此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。]
7．invitations [由于前有several, 故应该使用名词复数invitations, 表示“邀请”。]
8．in [名词degree意为“学位”， 后面应该跟介词in, 表示“在……方面”。a degree in engineering or architecture意为“工程学或建筑学学位”。]
9．comes [此句是直接引语， 根据前后句子的谓语可知， 动词come应该使用一般现在时。]
10．certainly [此处应该使用副词形式作状语， 修饰谓语动词is。]
(2017·浙江卷)
Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 1.____________(carrot)and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 2.____________(shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed 3.____________loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt 4.____________(I)，” says Pahlsson.
Sixteen years 5.____________(early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6.____________(cook)a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters－then ten, eight, and six－had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband 7.____________(search)the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 8.____________(sweep)into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 9.____________it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长)through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 10.____________wonder.
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是Lena Pahlsson在自家花园里的一个小胡萝卜上找到了丢失16年的结婚戒指。这真是一大奇迹。
1．carrots [考查名词复数。根据前面的a handful of和后面的one tiny carrot可知， 此处要用复数形式。]
2．shiny/shining [考查形容词。她看到一个发光的东西。修饰名词object要用形容词形式。shiny发光的， shining发光的；发亮的。]
3．so [考查固定句式。Pahlsson大声尖叫， 以至于她的女儿跑了过来。根据后面的“loudly that her daughter came running from the house”可知， 此处为so... that...表示“如此……以至于……”， so在此处修饰副词loudly。]
4．myself [考查代词。她认为我弄伤了自己。根据前面的主语I可知， 此处要用反身代词作宾语。]
5．earlier [考查形容词比较级。固定表达sixteen years earlier表示“16年前”。此时的earlier相当于before, 一般直接跟在时间名词的后面。]
6．to cook [考查非谓语动词。她摘下钻石戒指去做饭。根据句子结构可知， 这个句子已经有了谓语动词remove, 所以此处要用不定式作目的状语。]
7．searched [考查谓语动词的时态。根据后面的but turned up nothing可知， 此处描述的是过去发生的行为， 故要用一般过去时。]
8．swept [考查动词的语态。戒指被扫进垃圾堆里。主语the ring与动词sweep之间为被动关系， 故此处要用动词的过去分词形式。get done是被动句的另外一种表达形式。]
9．where [考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知， 此处为非限制性定语从句， 先行词为the garden, 在从句中作地点状语， 故要用关系副词where。]
10．a [考查冠词。戒指的失而复得真是一大奇迹。此处wonder为可数名词， 表示“奇迹， 奇事”， 此处为泛指， 故要用不定冠词a。]
第一组
(2019·湖北七市、州教科研协作体3月联考)
On Oct.21，2018 China’s restaurant chain 1.____________ (serve) Shaxian County snacks(小吃) opened its first eatery in the United States, but it closed three hours after it officially opened to the public as all the 2.____________(dish) on the menu were sold out. In the past month, the newly-opened restaurant at 818，60th St.Brooklyn, 3.____________(receive) an order every two minutes during busy hours. When the customers can see the cooking process in the restaurant with an open kitchen, it puts 4.____________(they) at ease over food safety.
Native to Shaxian County, the Shaxian Delicacies restaurant chain has already become 5.____________great success in China. Now, these snacks have hit the streets of New York City and caught local taste buds(味蕾)．“A basket of steamed dumplings for 50 cents, delicious 6.____________not expensive, that’s my childhood memories of the Shaxian snacks，”said Lin Liju, an investor of Shaxian Delicacies. 7.____________(adapt) to the taste of foreigners, Shaxian Delicacies has not only maintained the 8.______________(tradition) production skills, but also made many improvements.
With its good quality and competitive price, Shaxian Delicacies has brought in over 10 billion yuan 9.__________(annual). Actually, Shaxian Delicacies is not the only food 10.____________is loved by foreigners.
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 本文为新闻报道。沙县小吃在美国开业3小时就关门，原因竟然是人太多！
1．serving [句意：中国的餐饮连锁店沙县小吃于2018年10月21日在美国开了第一家餐馆，但在正式对外营业仅3小时后就关门了，其原因是菜单上所有菜肴都已售完。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词China’s restaurant chain与serve为逻辑上的主动关系且设空处表示正在进行，需用现在分词，故填serving。]
2．dishes [本题考查名词的“数”。dish作“菜肴”讲为可数名词，根据设空处前的all可知设空处需用复数形式，故填dishes。]
3．has received [句意：在过去的一个月里，坐落于布鲁克林第60大街818号的新开张的这家餐馆，在用餐高峰期，每两分钟就有一份订单。本题考查时态。根据时间状语“In the past month”可知设空处需用现在完成时，故填has received。]
4．them [因为该餐馆是开放式厨房，当顾客看到烹饪过程，他们会对食品安全感到放心。考查代词。设空处作put的宾语，故填they的宾格形式them。]
5．a [句意：餐馆连锁店沙县小吃起源于沙县，已经在中国大获成功。success作“成功的人或事物”讲为可数名词，在本句中表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。]
6．but [设空处前的delicious与后面的not expensive为转折关系，故填并列连词but。]
7．To adapt [句意：为了迎合外国顾客的口味，沙县小吃在保持传统制作工艺的基础上，进行了许多改良。设空处作目的状语，故填不定式形式To adapt。]
8．traditional [设空处作production skills的定语，意为“传统的”，故填形容词traditional。]
9．annually [句意：由于质优价廉，沙县小吃的年营业额超过100亿元人民币。设空处作状语，意为“每年”，故填副词annually。]
10．that [句意：事实上，沙县小吃不是外国人喜爱的唯一食物。本题考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为food，指物，且被the only修饰，故填that。]
(2019·山西百日冲刺考试)
The Truth about Whisky
Whisky is probably 1.____________ most famous product of Scotland. Whisky making provides work 2.____________ several thousand people in the Scottish Highlands and islands, and whisky is Scotland’s biggest goods 3.____________ (sell) to every corner of the world.
The qualities of whisky come from the water which 4.____________ (use) to make it the rich“peaty”(多泥炭的)water of Scotland. When whisky is first made, it is 5.____________ (actual) clear, not brown in colour. The colour comes from the wooden 6.____________ (container) in which the whisky is stored for several years to allow it 7.____________ (mature) from a little added sugar.
For many years, whisky has been one of the most popular drinks all over the world, and Scotland 8.____________ (produce) more and more of it so far. But whisky sales have not increased as fast, so there are now large reserves of whisky in Scotland, especially the better and 9.____________ (much) expensive whisky. So a lot of the whisky sold today was made several years ago when people thought that whisky would get more and more popular. That is 10.____________ , today, a lot of the whisky in the shops is marked with“Ten years old”， or even“Fifteen years old”．
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。威士忌是苏格兰的特产，它为苏格兰提供了许多就业岗位并出口到世界各地。
1．the [句意：威士忌可能是苏格兰最著名的产品。设空处后的most famous为形容词famous的最高级形式，故填定冠词the。]
2．for [此处表示：威士忌制造为苏格兰高地及岛屿上的几千人提供工作机会。provide sth.for sb.为固定短语，意为：提供某物给某人。]
3．sold [此处表示：威士忌是销往世界各地最多的商品。考查非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词goods与sell为逻辑上的被动关系，且设空处表示完成，故填过去分词sold。]
4．is used [根据设空处前的which可知“which __4__(use) to make it the rich‘peaty’(多泥炭的)water of Scotland”为定语从句，先行词为the water，设空处在定语从句中作谓语，先行词与use为被动关系，由此可知设空处需用被动语态，故填is used。]
5．actually [句意：当威士忌刚被酿出时，它的颜色实际上是清澈的，而不是棕色的。设空处作状语，需用副词形式，根据提示词可知设空处填actually。]
6．containers [此处表示：威士忌的颜色来自储存它好几年的木质容器。根据常识可知设空处需用名词复数形式，故填containers。]
7．to mature [威士忌在容器中储存好几年，通过加上一点点糖使之发酵成熟。考查非谓语动词作宾补。“allow＋宾语＋不定式”为固定搭配，故填to mature。]
8．has produced [句意：多年来威士忌一直是世界上最受欢迎的饮品之一，到目前为止苏格兰生产的威士忌也越来越多。根据时间状语so far可知设空处用现在完成时，故填has produced。]
9．more [句意：但是威士忌的销量并没有增长得那么快，所以苏格兰现在有大量的威士忌储备，特别是那些质好价高的威士忌。根据前面的better可知设空处需填more，与expensive一起构成比较级，作whisky的定语。]
10．why [句意：因此现在销售的许多威士忌都是几年前生产的，当时人们认为威士忌会越来越受欢迎。那就是为什么现在商店里有许多威士忌都标有“十年”，甚至“十五年”。考查表语从句。设空处填why来引导表语从句，意为：为什么，……的原因。]
(2019·江西重点中学盟校一联)When scholars of international relations predict that the 21st century will be a “Chinese century”，they are full of reasons. 1.____________ America remains the only superpower, China is responsible for an important share of global change. Since 2.____________ start of the financial crisis in 2008, for example, China has accounted 3.____________ 45% of the gain in world GDP. In 1990 about 750 million Chinese people lived in extreme 4.________________ (poor)；today fewer than 10 million do. Its GDP per person, in terms of purchasing power, 5.____________ (rise) ten times since 1990.
China’s 6.____________ (amaze) performance has greatly affected the world’s economic output. The Economist has worked out a geographic centre of the global economy by taking an average of each country’s latitude and longitude(经纬度), 7.____________ (measure) by 8.____________ (it)GDP. At the height of America’s control, this point previously sat in the north Atlantic. But China has pulled it so far east 9.____________ the global centre of economic gravity 10.____________ (be) now in Siberia.
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 国际关系学者预言21世纪将是“中国的世纪”，本文介绍了这些学者做出这种预言的理由。
1．Although/Though/While [句意：尽管美国仍然是唯一的超级大国，但中国已经是影响全球变化的重要的力量。根据句意，此处应引导让步状语从句。故填Although/Though/While“虽然，尽管”。]
2．the [句意：比如，自从2008年金融危机爆发以来，中国已经占了世界GDP增长的45%。此处特指“2008年金融危机爆发”，应使用定冠词，故填the。]
3．for [account for为固定短语，意为：占(……的比例)。]
4．poverty [句意：1990年中国有大约7.5亿人处于极度贫困中，而现在的贫困人口不足1 000万。考查名词。根据空前介词in及形容词extreme可知，此处应使用名词“贫困”。故填poverty。]
5．has risen [句意：自1990年以来，从购买力方面来看其人均GDP已经上升了10倍。考查时态。根据时间状语since 1990可知，此处应使用现在完成时。故填has risen。]
6．amazing [句意：中国的惊人成就极大影响了世界经济产出。设空处作名词performance的定语，需用形容词；amazing意为：惊人的。]
7．measured [句意：《经济学人》通过取每个国家经纬度的平均值，经GDP加权，测算出全球经济的地理中心位置。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。an average of each country’s latitude and longitude与measure为逻辑上的被动关系且设空处表示完成，需填过去分词measured。]
8．its [考查代词。此处指代each country’s，应使用形容词性物主代词。故填its。]
9．that [句意：在美国统治的巅峰时期，这个中心点曾在北大西洋。但是中国把经济重心往东拉，现在全球经济重心已经到了西伯利亚。本题考查结果状语从句。根据设空处前的“so”可知设空处填that，构成“so...that...”句式，意为：如此……以至于……。]
10．is [考查时态。根据句意及句中时间状语now可知设空处需用一般现在时，故填is。]
(2019·河南天一大联考)Go(围棋)is a board game for two players, in which the aim is to surround more territory than the opponent. The game 1.____________ (invent) in China more than 2，500 years ago and is believed to be the 2.__________ (old) board game continuously played to the present day. A 2016 survey found that there are over 20 million current players, the majority of 3.____________ live in East Asia.
The playing pieces are called“stones”. One player uses the white stones and the 4.____________ , black. The players take 5.____________ (turn) to place the stones on the vacant intersections(交叉点)of a board. Once 6.__________ (place) on the board, stones may not be moved, but stones are removed from the board if “captured(捕获)”. Capture happens when a stone or a group of stones is surrounded by opposing stones on all points. The game goes on until neither player wishes to make another move. When a game 7.____________ (come) to an end, the winner is determined by 8.____________ (count) each player’s surrounded territory along with captured stones and komi(贴目). A teacher might 9.____________ (simple) the explanation by saying to a student“you may place your stone on any point on the board, but if I surround that stone, I will remove
10.____________ .”
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文，介绍了围棋的历史、游戏规则、发展现状等。
1．was invented [句意：2 500多年前，该游戏发明于中国，人们认为它是至今为止一直被玩的最古老的棋类游戏。本题考查时态和语态。主语the game与invent为被动关系，故本空需用被动语态；根据时间状语more than 2，500 years ago 可知设空处用一般过去时，故设空处填was invented。]
2．oldest [根据设空处前的the及上下文逻辑可知设空处用形容词最高级形式，故填oldest。]
3．whom [句意：2016年的一次调查发现目前有两千多万玩家，他们中的大多数都生活在东亚。本句无从属连词，也无并列连词，只有一个逗号连接两个部分，由此可推知本题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为players，关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，先行词指“人”且介词位于设空处之前，故填whom。]
4．other [句意：一位选手用白子，另外一个用黑子。根据常识可知围棋比赛在两个选手间进行，根据本句中的One可知设空处填other，与设空处前的the构成the other，表示两者中的另一方。]
5．turns [句意：选手在棋盘上的空的交叉点轮流置子。本题考查动词短语。take turns to do sth.为固定短语，意为：轮流做某事。]
6．placed [句意：一旦被放在棋盘上，棋子就不能被移动……。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。主语stones与place为逻辑上的被动关系，且表示完成，故填过去分词placed。]
7．comes [此处表示：当游戏结束时，通过数每个选手被捕获的棋子和贴目的个数决定胜负。本句介绍围棋的规则，需用一般现在时，故填comes。]
8．counting [设空处前为介词，设空处作介词by的宾语，故填动名词counting。]
9．simplify [根据设空处前的情态动词might可知设空处填动词原形；根据提示词simple可知设空处填simplify，意为：简化。]
10．it [此处表示：你可以将棋子放在棋盘的任何一个点上，但是如果我包围了那颗棋子，我就会将其拿掉。设空处作宾语，指代“that stone”，故填代词it。]
第二组
Can knots(结) be a form of art? It is in China. There is a long history of using knots for decoration on clothing or to hang from the ceiling or on a wall. Skilled knot 1.____________(art) make complex knots that you can take back with you as souvenirs. They have a long history and a symbolic meaning even today.
People may have 2.____________(initial) made them to record information and convey messages 3.____________people started to write. One-hundred-thousand-year-old tools have been discovered that were probably used 4.____________(tie) and untie knots, and there is a 5.____________(refer) to knots in ancient literature. But it isn’t known when they started to be used symbolically or woven for art.
It is known that they 6.____________(use) for artistic decoration and to symbolize and express thoughts and feelings in the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Empire was a large one 7.____________(cover) most of the regions of modern China, and the 8.____________(tradition) art form was carried on by succeeding generations 9.____________part of their culture.
Even today, Chinese knots are rich in symbolic meanings, and they therefore hold emotional value when given as gifts 10.____________passed down through families.
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了结的发展历史和今天结的作用。
1．artists [考查名词。根据该句中的“make complex knots that you can take back with you as souvenirs”可知，“Skilled knot __1__”作主语，其中Skilled knot对空处进行修饰，此处缺名词，表示“人”，故可以确定应用名词artist；该词为可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故此处应用复数。]
2．initially [考查副词。根据该句中的动词“made”可知，空处修饰该动词，故用副词形式。]
3．before [考查连词。在开始用文字书写之前，人们起初可能用它们去记录和传递信息。before意为“在……之前”，符合语境。]
4．to tie [考查动词不定式。be used to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被用来做某事”。]
5．reference [考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词“a”并结合语境可知，此处表示“一本关于结的参考书”，故用refer的名词形式。]
6．were used [考查被动语态和时态。根据该句中的时间状语“in the Tang Dynasty”可知，此处陈述的事情发生在唐朝，故用一般过去时；根据语境可知，结在唐朝被用作艺术装饰并被用来表达思想情感；主语they和动词use之间是动宾关系，故填were used。]
7．covering [考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知，a large one和动词cover是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。]
8．traditional [考查形容词。根据空后的“art form”可知，空处修饰该名词短语，表示“传统的艺术形式”，故用形容词形式。]
9．as [考查介词。根据语境可知，该处表示作为他们文化的一部分，这种传统的艺术形式被代代相传。as表示“作为”，符合语境。]
10．or [考查连词。由空前的“given as gifts”和空后的“passed down through families”可知，空处为选择关系，故填or。]
In recent years, a new idea 1.____________is called a “naked marriage” has arisen as the cost of living goes up. It has become a new trend for many young people in China. With a small marriage certificate in hand, they get married. And for the couples in a “naked marriage”，this certificate also contains other 2.____________(meaning)．
A resident from Chengdu said, “There are many people like us born in 3.____________1980s. Our families cannot afford 4.____________(buy) us new apartments, cars, let alone diamond rings. I think that’s very normal for average families. We must make a better future on 5.___________(we)own.”
A graduate of Sichuan University said, “The most important element in a marriage 6.____________(be) love. I believe our living conditions will 7.____________(gradual) get better.”
A professor says a “naked marriage” is in direct contradiction to China’s 8.____________(tradition) marriage customs. However, as living costs continue to rise, this phenomenon may become more popular in the future.
But not all people have a positive opinion about a “naked marriage”. According to a survey 9.____________(conduct) by sohu.com, only about 40% of the 3，500 people surveyed like the idea of a“naked marriage”. About 80% of men support a “naked marriage”， 10.____________there are also 70% of women not supporting the idea because they think these marriages are not stable.
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了“裸婚”的相关情况和人们对此持有的不同的态度。
1．which/that [考查定语从句。近年来，一种叫作“裸婚”的新概念伴随着生活成本的增加出现了。定语从句中缺少主语，指代先行词a new idea，故填which或that。]
2．meanings [考查名词复数。other后用可数名词复数形式。]
3．the [考查冠词。表示在具体某个年代，应用定冠词the。]
4．to buy [考查不定式。我们的家庭负担不起给我们买新房子、汽车，更不用说钻石戒指了。afford后接不定式to do作宾语。]
5．our [考查代词。我们必须独立地创造一个更好的未来。on one’s own意为“独立地”，且本句中主语为we，故此处用our。]
6．is [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句主语为单数，且根据上下文可知，此处时态应用一般现在时，故填is。]
7．gradually [考查副词。空处修饰“get better”，故应用副词。gradually意为“逐渐地”。]
8．traditional [考查形容词。空后为名词，需用形容词修饰，表示“传统的婚礼风俗”。]
9．conducted [考查非谓语动词。一项由搜狐进行的调查表明，3 500人中只有大约40%的人认同“裸婚”这个想法。a survey与conduct之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。]
10．while/but [考查连词。根据上下文可知，此处两个分句间为转折关系，因此用while (然而)或but (但是)。]
The Water Splashing (泼洒) Festival of the Dai ethnic minority (少数民族) falls on April 13th to April 15th. It is the most important festival 1.____________(observe) by the Dai people of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province. It is the New Year for the Dai, a festival to send off the old and greet the new.
During the festival, 2.____________lasts three days, people are dressed in their best clothes and participate in a variety of rich and colourful 3.____________(activity). Dragon boat racing, fireworks displays and other performances such as Peacock Dance 4.____________(hold) on the first day. And the most popular event 5.____________(be) water-splashing on the second day. People splash water on each other, hoping to take away sicknesses and disasters. The wetter you get, the 6.____________(lucky) you will be. The last day is usually for the young people to play games as a way 7.____________(express) their love for each other.
The Water Splashing Festival 8.____________(vivid) exhibits the Dai’s respect for water and the culture of music, dance, food, and costumes. It is also a cultural bridge 9.____________Xishuangbanna and Southeast Asian countries that share 10.____________same festival culture of water-splashing.
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了傣族泼水节的相关情况，包括时间、活动内容和意义等。
1．observed [考查过去分词。这是云南省西双版纳的傣族人所奉行的最重要的节日。根据该句中的“by the Dai people”可知，动词observe和名词festival之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。]
2．which [考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为“the festival”，故用which引导该定语从句。]
3．activities [考查名词复数。activity“(群体性的)活动”常用复数，根据该句中的“a variety of”可知，此处表示“多种多样的活动”，故用其复数形式。]
4．are held [考查被动语态和主谓一致。该句主语为“Dragon boat racing，fireworks displays and other performances such as Peacock Dance”，故谓语动词用复数形式；主语和动词hold之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态；故填are held。]
5．is [考查主谓一致和时态。该句主语为“the most popular event”为单数，故谓语动词用单数；该句陈述的是传统习惯，故用一般现在时。]
6．luckier [考查形容词的比较级。根据句子结构和该句中的“The wetter”可知，该句使用了“the more...the more...”结构，表示“越……就越……”。故填luckier。]
7．to express [考查动词不定式。最后一天的活动通常是年轻人玩游戏来表达他们对彼此的爱。根据语境可知，空处表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。]
8．vividly [考查副词。泼水节生动地展示了傣族人对水和音乐、舞蹈、食物以及服饰文化的尊重。根据空后的“exhibits”可知，空处修饰该动词，故用vivid的副词形式。]
9．between [考查介词。此处表示两者之间，between...and...为固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”。泼水节也是西双版纳和东南亚国家之间的文化桥梁，他们共享相同的泼水节日文化。]
10．the [考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表特指，故填the。]
Many people may think the Forbidden City, or the Palace Museum, is 1.____________outstanding and old-fashioned museum.But, in recent years, the museum has been working hard 2.____________(promote) Chinese cultural heritage among young people.
The museum’s online store now offers special cultural and 3.____________(create) products. For example, in 2014, it started to make Tshirts that look like an emperor’s coat. It also 4.____________(sell) earphones that look like the necklaces worn by ancient officials, which brought 5.____________about 1 billion yuan in sales in 2016, reported China Youth Daily.
Last year, a documentary (纪录片) 6.______________(title) Masters in Forbidden City became popular online. The documentary is about the people 7.____________job is to repair the relics in the museum. Many of these workers are young, and some are even in their 8.____________(twenty)．
Some other 9.____________(museum) across the country, such as the National Museum of China, 10.__________(inspire) by the Palace Museum’s efforts and are working on similar projects of their own.
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 本文讲述了故宫博物院向年轻人宣传中国文化遗产，其他一些博物馆也纷纷效仿的故事。
1．an [考查冠词。根据文意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词；又因为空后单词“outstanding”的发音以元音音素开头，故用冠词an。]
2．to promote [考查非谓语动词。近年来，故宫博物院一直为了向年轻人宣传中国文化遗产在努力。此处动词不定式作目的状语。]
3．creative [考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰空后的名词。]
4．sold [考查动词时态。本句承接上文，讲述2014年发生的事情，应用一般过去时。]
5．in [考查介词。bring in意为“赚得，挣”。故宫博物院也售卖看起来像古代官员佩戴的项链一样的耳机，据《中国青年报》报道，这在2016年挣了大约十亿元人民币。]
6．titled [考查非谓语动词。此处动词过去分词用作名词的后置定语，意为“名为……的”。]
7．whose [考查定语从句。空处用作定语，修饰后面的名词job，表示所属关系，并引导定语从句。故填whose。]
8．twenties [考查固定搭配。in one’s twenties为固定用法，意为“在某人二十多岁的时候”。]
9．museums [考查名词复数。由空前的“Some other”可知，此处应用可数名词museum的复数形式。下文的“are working on similar projects”也提示此处用名词复数。]
10．are inspired [考查被动语态。空处作谓语动词，根据句意和空后的“by”可知，此处应用被动语态；下文的“are working on similar projects”提示此处应用一般现在时和复数形式，故填are inspired。]
第三组
(2019·石家庄一模)Mike Taylor, a university student in the study of prehistoric life forms for his Ph. D．， discovered a brand-new species of dinosaur, while 1.__________(conduct) research at the Natural History Museum in the United Kingdom. This new species 2.____________(identify) as part of the sauropod family of dinosaurs. The sauropods were fourlegged, vegetarian dinosaurs, 3.____________very long necks and tails, and relatively small skulls and brains. One of their most unusual 4.____________(characteristic) was their nostrils, which were higher up in their head, almost near the eyes. So far, the sauropod bones 5.____________(find) in every continent except Antarctica, and they are one of the longest living group of dinosaurs, spanning over 100 million years. This new species, 6.____________(name) Xenoposeidon proneneukos, which means forward sloping, lived about 140 million years ago.
Mike Taylor, 7.____________has spent five years studying sauropod vertebrae, 8.____________(immediate) knew that this was the backbone of a sauropod. However, he had never seen one like this before. 9.________________(far) research proved this was indeed a new kind of sauropod. The bone, which had been discovered in 10.___________1890’s, had never been examined.
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。迈克·泰勒偶然发现了一种新的恐龙物种；经研究证明，这是一种新的蜥脚类动物。
1．conducting [考查现在分词。该句主语“Mike Taylor”和动词“conduct”之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且根据空前的“while”可知，该处表示动作正在发生，故用conducting。该句也可以看成状语从句的省略，省略了主语“Mike Taylor”和be动词“was”。]
2．was identified [考查时态和语态。该句主语“This new species”和动词“identify”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；此处陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。]
3．with [考查介词。句意：该蜥脚类动物为四肢食草恐龙，它有着长长的脖子和尾巴，还有相对小的头骨和大脑。with表示“具有，带有”，符合语境。]
4．characteristics [考查名词的单复数。characteristic为可数名词，根据该句中的“One of”可知，该处用名词的复数形式。]
5．have been found [考查时态和语态以及主谓一致。根据该句中的“So far”可知，该句用现在完成时，表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响；该句的主语“the sauropod bones”为复数形式，且和动词“find”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，谓语动词用复数形式。]
6．named [考查过去分词。分析该句结构可知，空处作“This new species”的后置定语；主语“This new species”和动词“name”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用named。]
7．who [考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Mike Taylor”，为人，关系词在从句中作主语，故用who引导该定语从句。]
8．immediately [考查副词。根据空后的动词“knew”可知，空处修饰该动词，表示“立即，立刻”，故用immediate的副词形式。]
9．Further [考查比较级。句意：进一步的研究证明，这的确是一种新的蜥脚类动物。根据句意可知，空处用比较级，表示“更进一步的”。]
10．the [考查定冠词。in the 1890’s表示“在19世纪90年代”，故用定冠词the。]
(2019·合肥第二次质量检测)Xuan paper, known as one of the Four Treasures of the Study, first came into 1.____________(exist) in Xuan Prefecture in the Tang dynasty. The traditional skill of making the paper 2.____________hand has been passed down through generations. The process takes as many as 18 steps, all of 3.______________require a level of delicacy.
Take paper-making master Zhou Donghong, for example. He uses a fine screen to filter(过滤) a mixture of water and fibers. He lifts it up, and it’s a sheet of paper. It takes him and his partner only 15 seconds 4.____________(form) and shape it, but they’ve devoted 5.____________(they) to perfecting the skills for decades.
“There are a lot of tricks of filtering the fibers, and timing is the 6.____________(difficult) part of all. We have only one chance to filter the right amount of fibers, and only the proper weight guarantees the paper is neither too thin nor too thick, and the margin(差额) for error is 7.____________(extreme) small，” said Zhou. With just the right degree of thickness, top quality Xuan paper holds ink and water tightly.
The skill of paper-making, 8.____________(recognize) as a national treasure, has also proven to be an international one. We felt 9.____________great sense of pride as it was listed as a world intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产) by UNESCO in 2009. Since then, in Jing County, Xuan papermaking 10.____________(teach) in schools.
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了中国文房四宝之一——宣纸。
1．existence [考查词性转换。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词等作宾语，故此处用名词existence作介词into的宾语。]
2．by [考查介词。by hand意为“用手工”，是固定搭配，符合语境。]
3．which [考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词steps，在从句中作介词of的宾语。]
4．to form [考查非谓语动词。此处为固定句型“it takes sb. sometime to do sth.”意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。]
5．themselves [考查反身代词。固定搭配devote oneself to (doing) sth.意为“某人致力于(做)某事”，故用反身代词themselves。]
6．most difficult [考查形容词最高级。结合“There are a lot of tricks of filtering the fibers”和“of all”可推知，此处时间的控制是其中最困难的部分，故用形容词最高级形式修饰名词part，与下文中的“only”呼应。]
7．extremely [考查副词。此处应用副词extremely修饰形容词small，在句子中作状语。]
8．recognized [考查非谓语动词。recognize和句子的谓语proven之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词形式；且recognize和句子的主语The skill构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。]
9．a [考查冠词。此处为固定搭配a sense of...，意为“一种……感”，符合语境，且great的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。]
10．has been taught [考查动词的时态和语态。根据“Since then”可知，句子中应用现在完成时；又因谓语teach和句子的主语Xuan paper-making是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。]
(2019·福州质量检测)The Year of the Dog began on Feb.16，2019 according to the Chinese lunar calendar. Though dogs 1.____________(see) as companions and part of the family today, China and Western countries do not have the same cultural 2.____________(belief) about dogs.
In Chinese, some words 3.____________(concern) dogs don’t have very good meanings, such as “No ivory(象牙) can come out of a dog’s mouth”. But in English, the situation is 4.____________(differ)．“Every dog has his day” describes a person with a period of good fortune and “work like a dog” is used 5.____________(describe) a hard worker.
The dog-human relationship goes right 6.____________to the beginnings of Western civilization, and the friendship between humans and dogs was a common subject for artists.
7．____________fact, people were close to dogs in a way they weren’t close to cows, pigs or even horses. Farmers worked 8.____________(close) with dogs. But even after science came to agriculture and dogs lost 9.____________(they) traditional roles, the relationship between humans and dogs remained.
Nowadays millions of people keep dogs as pets. People feed them, take them on holidays 10.____________ look after them. In return, dogs are loyal(忠诚的) in a way that friends sometimes aren’t. This loyalty is the origin of the English saying, “A dog is man’s best friend.”
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文，以狗年入题，介绍狗在中西方文化中的不同意义。
1．are seen [考查时态和语态。根据上下文可知，这里是对常识性知识的介绍，故用一般现在时，see...as...表示“把……看作是……”，这里动词see与主语dogs构成被动关系，故用are seen。]
2．beliefs [考查名词单复数。句意：关于狗，中国和西方国家并没有相同的观点。此处belief为可数名词，表示复数概念，故填beliefs。]
3．concerning [考查介词。此处应用介词concerning，表示“关于，涉及”。]
4．different [考查形容词。空处充当表语，说明主语的性质，故用所给词的形容词形式，故填different。]
5．to describe [考查非谓语动词。be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”是固定搭配，故填to describe。]
6．back [考查副词。根据空后的the beginnings可知，空处应填back, go back to“追溯至”。]
7．In [考查固定短语。in fact表示“事实上”，为固定短语，故填In。]
8．closely [考查副词。空处修饰动词worked，故用副词形式。close作副词时表示“不远地，接近地”；closely为副词，表示“密切地，在很大程度上地”。根据语境可知，空处应填closely。]
9．their [考查代词。根据语境及空后的traditional roles可知，空处应填形容词性物主代词。]
10．and [考查连词。本句中feed, take和look after是并列谓语，如果三个或三个以上的谓语动词并列，在最后两个动作之间用and连接，其他的用逗号分开，因此这里用连词and。]
(2019·河北五个一名校联盟第二次考试)As you know, science plays 1.____________very important role in our education. Do you want to keep up 2.____________the latest research and discoveries in science? There are many good websites 3.____________you can check out the latest in the science world.
One great site is Science News for Kids. This site reports science news 4.____________(cover) a wide range of subjects. The articles are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this site 5.____________(suit) for them as well. Another wonderful site, one that I check out every day, 6.____________(call) Science Daily. The site is 7.____________(constant) updated with news, often about exciting 8.____________(finding) that change how we view the world.
These sites post the latest stories and also keep all the past articles they 9.____________(post) earlier. That way you can find articles just about anything that 10.____________(be) related to the science fields you are interested in.
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 众所周知，科学在我们的教育中充当了一个很重要的角色。文章向我们介绍了几个方便查询最新科技信息的网站。
1．a [考查冠词。play an important role in...为固定搭配，意为“在……中扮演重要角色(发挥重要作用)”，因为空后有发音以辅音音素开头的very，故填冠词a。]
2．with [考查介词。句意：你想跟上科技的最新研究和发现吗？keep up with为固定结构，意为“跟上，不落在……后面”。]
3．where [考查定语从句。先行词为websites，空处在从句中作地点状语，所以用where，相当于on which。]
4．covering [考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词，该句中已经有谓语动词(reports)，提示词cover和其所修饰的名词news之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用cover的v.-ing形式作后置定语，在此相当于which covers。]
5．suitable [考查形容词。这里构成“find＋宾语＋形容词(宾补)”结构，所以用suit的形容词形式。]
6．is called [考查语态和时态。句意：另一个我每天查看的精彩的网站被称作《科学日报》。 one that I check out every day是主语Another wonderful site的同位语，且主语和call构成被动关系，再结合全文的时态，确定此处用一般现在时的被动语态。]
7．constantly [考查副词。修饰动词updated作状语，故用副词。]
8．findings [考查名词的数。finding为可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，且定语从句中谓语动词为“change”，为复数概念，所以应用复数形式。]
9．posted [考查动词的时态。这里指的是the past articles(以前的文章)，也就是说是以前发布的，所以用一般过去时。]
10．is [考查主谓一致。关系代词that指代的是先行词anything，并在从句中作主语，再结合全文的时态可知，应填is。]
第四组
(2019·福建省五校统考)According to a recent survey, violence did exist in schools. Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also 1.____________(express) their great concern about it. Experts hope 2.____________whole society pays more attention to the mental health of adolescents.
Nowadays, school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon, which 3.____________(call) for our great concern. We should make every effort 4.________________(prevent) school violence happening at school, for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal 5.____________(safe) could not be guaranteed. In fact, violence can be learned.6.____________(actual), children learn violence behavior from adults or from 7.____________they see on television or on the Internet.
If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence with violence, for it will result in 8.____________(much) fighting. I will tell my teachers or parents about it. I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me from the bad guys.
All in all, we students should behave 9.____________(we) and keep away 10.____________violence.
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 校园暴力这一现象引起了老师和家长的关注。本文介绍了校园暴力形成的原因以及阻止校园暴力的方法。
1．expressed [根据该句中的“showed”可知，该句叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填expressed。]
2．the [the whole society意为“全社会”，为固定用法，故填the。]
3．calls [分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，which指代“a phenomenon”，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数；由“I think this is”可知，应用一般现在时，故填calls。]
4．to prevent [句意：我们应当尽一切努力来阻止校园暴力的发生。make every effort to do sth.为固定搭配，故此处应用动词不定式。]
5．safety [根据空处前的“their personal”可知，空处应填名词safety。]
6．Actually [分析该句结构可知，空处修饰全句，作状语，故用副词actually。]
7．what [分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“see”的宾语，故用what。]
8．more [句意：如果我遇到校园暴力，我不会以暴制暴，因为这会导致更多的打斗。根据句意可知，空处应使用比较级。]
9．ourselves [behave oneself为固定搭配，意为“举止规矩有礼，检点”；根据主语“we”可知，空处应用反身代词ourselves。]
10．from [keep away from为固定搭配，意为“远离”。]
(2019·湖北武汉调研)The two-day G20 Leaders’ Summit 1.____________(hold) on September 4 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. The city had been ready to host guests from around the globe with 2.______________(it) fantastic scenery and food.
The colorful city is often associated with the West Lake, a well-known attraction with different charms in four seasons. The Qiantang River located in the east of Hangzhou is famous 3.____________its magnificent tides. Besides the natural scenery, the food in Hangzhou is wonderful, too. Many U．S.4.____________(tour) lived less than 1 kilometer from the West Lake, but some didn’t visit it 5.______________(immediate) because they were eager to taste the local food.6.____________rest couldn’t wait to view the beautiful G20 host city, with about 40 percent of the orders 7.__________(book) that weekend.
The Summit also 8.____________(attract) more students to learn English, according to a volunteer teacher. Timothy, an Australian 9.____________has lived in Hangzhou since 2011, said, “I never imagined Hangzhou people could be so warm and friendly, 10.____________(make) the G20 Leaders’ Summit a great success.”
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 为期两天的G20领导人峰会在浙江杭州成功举办，这座色彩缤纷的城市凭借西湖、钱塘江、当地美食等为世界各国的来宾奉上了一道食和景的饕餮盛宴，同时也激发了更多学生学习英语的兴趣。
1．was held [考查动词的时态和语态。根据该句时间状语September 4可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，且hold与主语G20 Leaders’ Summit之间为动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was held。]
2．its [考查代词。根据语境可知设空处修饰名词scenery和food，应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。]
3．for [考查介词。句意：钱塘江位于杭州东部，以壮丽的潮汐闻名。be famous for ...为固定搭配，意为“因……而著名”，符合句意，故填介词for。]
4．tourists [考查名词单复数。句意：许多美国游客住在距离西湖一公里以内的酒店……根据句意，设空处表示“游客”，tourist为可数名词，其前有Many修饰，应用复数形式，故填tourists。]
5．immediately [考查词性转换。设空处作状语修饰动词visit，因此应用副词形式，故填immediately。]
6．The [考查冠词。句意：其余的游客迫不及待地去观赏美丽的G20峰会主办城市……此处特指其余的人，故填定冠词The。]
7．booked [考查非谓语动词。设空处作with复合结构中的宾补，book与逻辑主语the orders之间是动宾关系，故填过去分词booked。]
8．attracted [考查动词的时态。根据全文时间状语September 4可知，此处应用一般过去时，且attract与主语The Summit之间为主谓关系，故填attracted。]
9．who/that [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语，且先行词指人，此处定语从句为限制性定语从句，故填who或that。]
10．making [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，引号内imagined后为省略that的宾语从句，从句中有谓语could be，设空处应填非谓语动词；make与Hangzhou people之间为主谓关系，因此应用现在分词形式作结果状语，故填making。]
Mr.and Mrs. Zuckerberg announced to donate money again! The couple donated a total of 3 billion dollars to their program 1.____________(call) CZI over the next 10 years to help cure, prevent or manage all diseases by the end of the 21st century. In December 2015, they launched the program just to honor the birth of 2.____________(they) daughter, Max.
Last year, when their baby girl was born, the Facebook’s CEO 3.____________(give) away the majority of his wealth and wrote a letter to their new baby girl, in which he announced the 4.____________(create) of the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, 5.____________ will focus on personalized learning, curing disease, connecting people and 6.____________(build) strong communities.
“For your generation to live in a 7.____________(good) world, there is so much more our generation can do，” Zuckerberg wrote.“Today we will spend our lives doing our small part to help solve these challenges. We will give 99% of our Facebook shares－8.____________(current) about $45 billion－to advance this valuable mission，” he wrote. “We know this is a small contribution compared 9.____________all the resources and talents already working on these issues, 10.____________we want to do what we can, working alongside many others.”
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 脸书网创始人扎克伯格和他的妻子再次宣布捐款30亿美元用于医学领域，这是继扎克伯格夫妇为了纪念女儿的降生将名下大部分财产捐献后的又一次善举。
1．called [考查非谓语动词。句意：夫妇两人将总计30亿美元的钱款捐赠给他们那个叫作CZI的项目……句中已有谓语动词donated，因此设空处应用非谓语动词；call与program之间为动宾关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语修饰program，相当于定语从句which is called CZI。]
2．their [考查代词。此处指的是扎克伯格夫妇的女儿，应填形容词性物主代词their。]
3．gave [考查动词的时态。句意：去年，当他们的女儿出生时，脸书网的首席执行官捐赠了他的大部分财产，并给他们的新生女儿写了一封信……根据时间状语“Last year, when their baby girl was born”可知，此事发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填gave。]
4．creation [考查词性转换。句意：……在信中，他宣布陈·扎克伯格倡议的成立，它将会关注个性化学习、疾病治疗、人与人的联通和建立强大社区。设空处前有冠词the，后有介词of，因此应用名词形式。故填creation。]
5．which [考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故用which引导。]
6．building [考查非谓语动词。focus on doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“聚焦做某事”，设空处与personalized learning, curing disease, connecting people为并列关系，同作介词on的宾语，应用动名词形式。]
7．better [考查形容词比较级。句意：扎克伯格写道：“为了让你们这一代人生活在一个更好的世界里，我们这代人有太多事要做。”根据句意可知，此处表示“一个更好的世界”，暗含比较意义，应用比较级。故填better。]
8．currently [考查词性转换。句意：我们会将脸书网99%的份额——当前大约为450亿美元捐出以推动这项有价值的使命。设空处在句中作状语，表示“目前”，应用副词。故填currently。]
9．to/with [考查介词。句意：我们知道，与所有的资源和正从事这项事业的人才比起来，这只是一个很小的贡献，但我们想与别人一起，尽我们所能去做。compare A to/with B意为“把A和B作比较”，为固定搭配。故填to/with。]
10．but [考查连词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意，此处应为转折关系，故填but。]
(2019·河南名校联盟2月联考)Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday. The day after it has been known as Black Friday, 1.____________ is the start of the holiday shopping season, and 2.____________ (be) the busiest shopping day of the year in the US since 2005.
Most stores offer big sales on Black Friday. They open their doors quite early in the morning and try to attract shoppers 3.____________ big discounts. Black Friday is a great time to go 4.____________ (shop). However, there are problems. The 5.____________ (big) one is 6.____________ there are not enough low-priced items.These items are in great need, so people stand in long lines 7.____________ (get) them. They may wait three to four hours before a store opens. They may be hoping to get a TV or a computer at a low price, 8.____________ not everyday can get one. Some people leave, 9.____________ (disappoint)．
The situation makes people worried. Some Black Friday events have been crazy. There have been fights over toys among shoppers. Some workers have even been hurt by large 10.____________ (crowd). But most Black Friday events are safe and fun. Still, if you plan to go, you will expect a large number of people and a bit of pushing.
[答案与解析]
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文，介绍了“黑色星期五”的来历，及美国人在“黑色星期五”的购物情况。
1．which [句意：人们都知道感恩节后的那一天是“黑色星期五”，那天是假日购物季的开始，在美国自2005年那天一直是一年中最繁忙的购物日。本题考查定语从句。根据设空处前的逗号可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Black Friday，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Black Friday is the start of the holiday shopping season.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作主语，先行词指“事物”，故填which。]
2．has been [本题考查时态。设空处与前面的“is”并列作定语从句的谓语，根据本部分的时间状语“since 2005”可推知设空处用现在完成时，先行词Black Friday为第三人称单数，故填has been。 ]
3．with [句意：它们一大早就开门营业并采用大减价的方式尽力吸引购物者。设空处和后面的big discounts一起作方式状语；设空处表示“用……”，故填介词with。]
4．shopping [句意：“黑色星期五”是去购物的好日子。本题考查非谓语动词。go shopping为固定短语，意为：去购物。]
5．biggest [句意：最大的问题是没有足够的廉价商品。设空处作代词one的定语，表示“最大的”，故填形容词最高级形式biggest。]
6．that [本题考查表语从句。“__6__there are not enough low-priced items”作is的表语，该从句不缺任何成分，故用that引导。]
7．to get [句意：这些商品的需求量很大，因此为了得到它们人们要排很长的队。设空处与后面的them一起作stand in long lines的目的状语，故填不定式形式。]
8．but [句意：他们可能希望低价购买电视机或电脑，但是并非每个人都能买到。本题考查并列连词。前后两个分句为转折关系，故填but。]
9．disappointed [句意：一些人会失望而归。设空处作状语。主语some people与disappoint为逻辑上的被动关系，且设空处表示状态，故填过去分词disappointed。]
10．crowds [句意：一些工人甚至被大的人群伤害过。crowd作“人群”讲为可数名词，设空处前没有冠词，由此可推知设空处需用复数形式表示泛指，故填crowds。]
