人教版高中英语专题复习 定语从句详解 课件 40PPT

(共40张PPT)
一个美丽的女孩
a beautiful girl
beautiful
（形容词作前置定语）
一个穿白色衣服的女孩
a girl in white
in white
（介词短语作后置定语）
一个正唱歌的女孩
a girl is singing
who
is singing
（定语从句，a girl为先行词）
定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）词称为中心词。
形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成“……的”。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。
The handsome boy is Harry Porter.
The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Porter.
形容词作定语
句子作定语,修饰boy, 叫做定语从句
单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的_____，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的_____.
前面
后面
关系代词如何引导定语从句
普通代词与关系代词的区别
I have a sister.She works in Shanghai.
代替 sister
普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)
I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.
关系代词： （如上例who/that）

1.代替先行词; 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;
3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来）
The Attributive Clause
The Attributive clause 定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
先行词
引导词(关系词）
从句
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
（被修饰的名词或代词）
（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）
修饰先行词的句子
定语从句分析 结构：先行词+引导词+从句
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
which, who, whom, whose, that
where, when，why
a girl who likes red .
I know
Learn to discover
定语从句
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。
两个句子
两个词
主 句
从句
？
1. I know a girl
2.
who likes red.
Jim reads books
which are fun.
主句
从句
完整的句子是主句
不完整的句子是从句
两个词
先行词
关系代词
被定语从句修饰的词
who
which
that
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.


定语从句：
由一个句子充当定语
从句的位置：
在名词或代词后
先 行 词： 被定语从句修饰的词
引 导 词：
引导定语从句的词 关系代词
关系副词

引导词的作用: (1)引导定语从句
(2)在从句中作一成份
(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置
做题一般步骤：
步骤二
步骤三
The girl做主语 = who
步骤一
先行词the girl，带入从句
She is the girl ____ likes singing.
who
二、用法:
先
行
词
是
人

who
whom
whose
that
which
先行词是物
引导定语从句的关系代词
关系代词
先行词 句中作用 省否
who 人 主语/宾语
关系代词在句中作宾语可以省略
whom 人 宾语
whose 人／物 定语
that 人／物 主语／宾语
which 物 主语／宾语
1. 连接主句与从句，引导定语从句。
2. 代替先行词。
3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分(主、宾、定语)。
关系词的三个作用:
注意：关系词的选用由先行词在定语从句中
所充当的句子成分决定。
1. She is the girl _____can speak English fluently.
2. I like the book ____________ you bought
yesterday.
3. The girl _______ I met is Lucy.
4. A child ______ parents are dead is called Tom.
请填写适当的关系词
who
which/ that
whom
whose
(主语)
(宾语)
(宾语)
(定语)
Have a try
指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：
1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.
( )
2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )
3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.
( )
4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday.
( )
主语
宾语

定语

宾语
1. who, whom, whose, that 用法区别.
① who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
The man is a worker.
The man is speaking at the meeting.
分解
作主语
② whom 作定语从句的宾语(可省略)
The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.
The woman is a teacher.
They wanted to visit the woman.
分解
作宾语
③ that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.
The woman (whom / that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
④ whose 作定语从句的定语
(whose既可以指人，也可以指物).
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
分解
I know the girl.
The girl’s mother is a teacher.
作定语
I have a book whose cover is yellow.
2. which, that 的用法
which 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday.
This is a truck which / that is made in China.
作主语
作宾语，可省略
3. 只能用that的情况
① 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时
Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.
This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.
③　everything, something, nothing, all,
anything, little, much等不定代词作先行词时
Everything that we saw in this film was true.
②先行词被every, some, no, all, any, little, much等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books that you lend me.
④ 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
⑤ 主句已有who或which时
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday
⑥ 当先行词既有人又有物时。
I’ve never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.
如何选用定语从句的关系词
1.首先分清主句和定语从句
2.确定定语从句的先行词
3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）
4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。
由Who 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\ 宾语
1、Do you know the man ___ is talking with your father?
A. whose B. who C. which
2、The boys ___ the teacher talked to are from Class One.
A. when B. which C. who
3. The doctor ___ you are looking for is in the room.
A. whom B. what C. which


由Whom 引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语
4. A child ___ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. which B. his C. whose
由Whose 引导的定语从句, 在句中做定语


5、This is the pen ____ he bought yesterday.
A. which B. who C. when
由Which 引导的定语从句，在句中做
主语\ 宾语

6. This is the first car ___ arrived this morning.
A. which B. who C. that

先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that引导.
7. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books ___ were popular then.
A. who B. that C. which
先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导
8. Who is the worker ___ took some pictures of the factory.
A. who B. that C. which
主句已有who或which时,只能用that 引导
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
who/that
which/that
whose
3. The man ______ leg broke in a
match used to be a football player.
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the
new dress __________ I gave her.
4. My parents live in a house__________
is more than 100 years old.
5. The boy with _______ John spoke is
my brother.
which/that
whom
6. Kevin is reading a book __________
is too difficult for him.
which/that
7. Is there anything ________ you want
to buy in the town.
8.All ______ we can do is to study hard.
9. The first one _____ stands up is a
little boy.
that
that
that
Learn to make a summary
定语
从句
1.两个句 子
3. 先行作出两决定
4. 两类只用莫相忘
关系代词
从句谓语动词形式
1.只用that不用which
（5）
2.只用which不用that
（2）
主句
从句
2. 两个词
先行词
关系代词