人教高中英语必修3Unit5Canada – “The True North”grammar（共32张PPT）

(共32张PPT)
English grammar：
Noun Clauses
Subjective Clause
Appositive Clause
判断下列是什么从句：
1. Where he was born was unknown to us.
2. I don’t know where he was born.
3. The unknown was where he was born.
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
4. I don’t know the fact where he was born.
5. He worked in the city where he was born.
同位语从句
定语从句
Subjective Clause（主语从句）
Questions: 1. What is subject?
2. What is a clause?
Subject(主语)：即一个动作（动词）的发出者，常置于动词之前
Clause(从句)：即复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分，由that, who, whom, when, why, where, how, which等引导词引导的非主句部分
So what is Subjective Clause?
主语从句
（Noun Clauses as the Subject）
定义：
用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。
引导主语从句的连接词有：
连词
连接代词
连接副词
that, whether；
who, what和which；
when, where, how和why。
依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓“缺什么补什么”是指句型结构与连词之间的关系。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what；如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where；原因状语用why；方式状语用how；什么都不缺用that。


Where he will go is unknown.
What you said yesterday is right.
That he knows Japanese is known to all.
Whether he is coming doesn’t matter much.

1)由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。
Whether it will please them is not easy to say.
= It is not easy to say whether it will please them.
这是否能让他们高兴很难说


引导词（连接词）用法：
2) 由连词that引起的主语从句：
That they are badly in need of help is quite clear.
他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。



注意 A: that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。如果连词在句中则可省略that
注意B: 但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整个句子的后部去，而用代词it作形式主语。
= It is quite clear (that) they are badly in need of help.
that和what的运用
he wants is a book.
light travels in straight lines is known to all.
What
That
3)连接代词who, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever
What seems easy to some people
seems difficult to others.
对于有些人觉得容易的东西对另一些人来说就难了
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
这里说的话都应当保密。
Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.
凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。
4)连接副词when, where, how, why等
引起的主语从句：
Why he did it remains a mystery.
为什么他要这样做仍然是个谜
　　_____ made the school proud was______ more than 90％ of the students had been admitted to key universities.
　　A. What; because B. What ; that
　　C. That ; what D. That ; because
【试析】what 在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成分.横线２that引导了表语从句
高考链接:
名词性从句语序
试比较：
1. Whether he will come tonight is still unclear.
2. Will he come tonight？
名词性从句中使用
陈述语序
1.The photographs will show you ____ ．
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
主谓一致
从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数
由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用
Who will do it doesn't matter.
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
复数
Question：
如果是两个或多个引导词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词该用单数还是复数？
When and where they will hold the meeting not clear.
is
Exercise & Discussion
I don’t know the fact where he was born.
He worked in the city where he was born.
辨析
同位语从句
定语从句
Appositive Clause(同位语从句)
复合句中，跟在一个名词（抽象名词）后对其做出进一步 的从句。
The fact that she works hard is well known to us all.
解释说明
解释说明
同位语从句
同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, promise,truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, opinion, plan, suggestion等意义丰富的抽象名词后面, 用以说明或解释前面的名词的内容.
1.The fact that he won the first place can’t be denied.
2.The fact that he told me excited me.
虚拟语气
同位语从句中，什么时候用虚拟语气？
名词suggestion，order，demand，command，request，desire，proposal等后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气，即 等名词后用虚拟语气——"should + do ", should可省略。
“建议、命令、要求”
1.We'd better accept his suggestion that we _____________(make) good use of every minute.
2.The suggestion that he _____________ (go) there is of great value.
他不应该去那里的建议很有价值。
3. The suggestion that he made is of great value.
(should) make
(should) not go
doubt
1. 用于肯定句中时，用whether引导。

There is some doubt they will come to help us.
whether
2.用于否定句中时，则用that引导。
There is no doubt Taiwan belongs to China.
that
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1.同位语从句：
定语从句：
2. that引导同位语从句时，在句中不作成分；引导定语从句时，除了连接以外，还要充当成分（ 等）。
3. when、where、why引导同位语从句时，虽充当成分，但前面没有与其意义相当的先行词；定语从句中除开引导，充当成分，前面有与其意义的名词作先行词。
解释说明
修饰限定
主语、宾语、表语
A: He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.
B: The suggestion that he had put forward was turn down.
仔细看，找区别



A: The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
B: The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.



定语从句
同位语从句
同位语从句
定语从句
仔细看，找区别





A: We were greatly pleased at the news that the Chinese women's volleyball team had won the match again. 　　
B: We were greatly pleased at the news that our teacher had told us.
(同位语从句)
(定语从句)
A：The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.
B：The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.





同位语从句
定语从句
Exercise & Discussion