高中英语 北师大版选修八知识点课件 （ 共28张PPT）

(共28张PPT)
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1. beyond prep. (范围、限度等)超出；(位置)在……的那边
beyond sb. 超出某人的能力范围
beyond one's control 超出……的控制
beyond one's reach 某人够不着
beyond compare 无与伦比
beyond words 无法用语言来表达

(1) The post office is (在桥的那一头).
(2) The failure arose from circumstances (我们无法控制的).
(3) This chemistry problem is (我做不了).
(4) The books on the upper shelf were (我伸手拿不到).
(5) It will be shocking and (难以置信) for most people.
beyond the bridge
beyond our control
beyond me
beyond my reach
beyond belief
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2. trap v. 使困住，设陷阱； n. 圈套，陷阱
fall into a trap 落入圈套
set a trap for sb. 给某人设圈套
be trapped in 被……困住
trap sb. into doing sth. 诱使某人干某事
(1) They (trap) in the cave for 20 days before being rescued.
(2) The thief (落入陷阱) set by the police.
(3) The police (引诱他告诉) where to catch the murderer.

3. adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养，领养
派生词：adopted adj. 被采纳/收养的 adoption n. 采用
(1) She has an (adopt) child who she says was an orphan.
(2) Since the (adopt) of the new working method, production has gone up.
(3) They (采用新技术) in raising sheep.
have been trapped
fell into the trap
trapped him into telling
adopted
adoption
adopt new technigues
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4. advocate v. 主张，提倡，支持 n. 提倡者，支持者
advocate doing sth. 主张/提倡做某事
avocate (that) ... (should) do sth. 主张/提倡做某事
用法：advocate 作名词时，后面常接介词 of 或 for。an advocate for education
(1) Many experts advocate (reward) a child for good behaviour.
(2) He is an enthusiastic advocate the educational reform.
(3) The report advocated that all buildings (fit) with somke detectors.

5. substitute n. 代替品，代用品； v. 代替
substitute A for B = substitute B with/by A 用 A 代替 B
substitute for 替换，取代
There is no substitute for ... 没有任何东西可以取代
联想：replace B with A 用 A 代替 B
(1) We must substitute a new chair the broken one.
(2) 没有什么能够代替勤奋。 .
rewarding
for
(should) be fitted
for
There is no substitute for hard work
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6. means n. 方法，手段
by all means 当然可以，尽一切办法
by every means 千方百计，想方设法
by no means 决不，根本不
by means of ( = with the help of) 借助于，用，靠
by this means = with this method/in this way 用这种方法
注意：means 是单复数同形的名词，要根据实际意义确定其谓语动词的数

(1) (所有方法都已试过) but without any result.
(2) Information can be easily obtained the Internet.
(3) We should develop our industry wherever possible.
(4) She is poor; in fact, she is quite rich.
All means have been tried
by means of
by every means
by no means
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7. considerate adj. 考虑周到的，体贴的
be considerate to/towards sb. 对某人体贴
It's considerate of you to do sth. 你做某事真是太周到了。
派生词： adj. 考虑不周的，不体贴的
n. 体贴，关心；考虑
v. 考虑
adj. 相当大/多的，可观的
联想：thoughtful adj. 深思熟虑的，关心的
(1) She is always polite and considerate her employees.
(2) I don't know why I married such an (consider) man.
(3) Chinese scientists have made (consider) progress in this field in the past few years.
(4) You should take quality into (consider).
inconsiderate
consideration
consider
considerable
to
inconsiderate
considerable
consideration
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8. pack v. 打包，收拾；挤满； n. 包；捆；群
pack up 收拾行李
be packed with ( = be full of) 挤满，充满
a pack of 一盒/包/袋/群
in packs 成群
(1) I (已经整理好行装) and I'm ready to go on a holiday.
(2) He smokes (一包烟) every day.
(3) Wolves do not hunt (成群), but alone.

9. expose v. 暴露；揭露；使面临；使接触
expose a plot/secret/crime 揭露阴谋/秘密/罪行
expose ... to ... 使……暴露于
派生：exposure n. 暴露，揭露 exposition n. 展览会

The reporter was killed because he tried to (揭露一个阴谋).
have alreday packed clothes
a pack of
expose a plot
in packs
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10. classify v. 将……分类；将……分等级
classify ... into ... 将……分类成……
classify ... as ... 将……归类为……
派生：classification n. 分类，等级
(1) Is this article classified a novel or a report?
(2) We can classify these expressions four types.

11. fire n. 火；火灾；射击 v. 点燃；解雇；开枪
catch fire/take fire 着火
be on fire 在燃烧
set fire to sth. = set sth. on fire 放火烧，使燃烧
put out a fire 灭火
(1) Cotton (容易着火).
(2) The fire 15 minutes after it broken out.
(3) The police haven't found out who set the storehouse .
as
into
catches fire easily
was put out
on fire
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12. dare v. & mod.v 敢，胆敢
用法：dare 作实义动词，有人称、时态和数的变化。肯定句中，通常接 to do；否定句和疑问句中，后接 to do 或 do 均可
dare 作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句，或 if/wheter 的条件句中，没有人称、时态和数的变化，但又过去式 dared
(1) He dares (behave) like that in my house!
(2) As a little girl, I (不敢) go out at night.
(3) If you dare (speak) to me like that, you will be sorry.

13. remark v. & n. 说 (接 that 从句)；评论；注意
make a remark on/about 批评；发表评论
remark on/upon 评论；谈论；议论
as remarked above 如上所述
派生：remarkable adj. 非凡的，引人注目的
remarkably adv. 相当地，非常地
to behave
don't dare to
to speak
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14. grateful adj. 感谢的；感激的；令人感激的
be grateful to sb. for ... 因……而感谢某人
I would be very grateful if ... 如果……的话，我将感激不尽。
注意：appreciate 作“感激”解释时，相当于 show gratitude for, be thankful for, 其后只能接事物，不能接人。appreciate your help
(1) I am extremely grateful all the teachers their help.
(2) (我将感激不尽) if you could kindly consider my ideas.

15. burden n. 负担，负荷 v. 使负重；装载 (load)
be burdened with 担负，负载
bear/shoulder a heavy buden 负有/肩负重担
a burden on/to 对……是个负担/累赘
(1) The new regulation will (减负) of the students.
(2) Some parents complain that their children are burdened heavy homework.
(3) I don't want to become a burden my children when I am old.
to for
I would be very grateful
lighten/reduce/ease the burden
with
to
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16. diverse adj. 多种多样的，不同的 (different, various)
派生词：diversity n. 差异；多样性 (variety)
(1) 这个节目涉及多样题材。The program deals with .
(2) My interests are (非常广泛).

17. elect v. 选举，推选；决定 (choose)
elect sb. (as/to be) + n. 选某人当……
elect to do sth. 选择/决定做某事
注意：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，这类名词有 chairman/monitor/president 等
派生：election n. 选举 elective adj. 由选举产生的；选修的(课程/科目)
(1) She elected (return) to work after her baby was born.
(2) They (选约翰为主席) of the committee.
(3) In college, English is a required course and psychology is an (elect) course.
(4) I shall favour neither side in this (elect).
diverse subjects
very diverse
to return
eletive
election
elected John as chairman
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18. undertake v. 着手做，从事，负责；承担；答应，保证
undertake to do sth. ( = agree/promise to do sth.) 承诺/担保做某事
undertake that ... ( = promise/guarantee that ...) 答应/保证……
派生：undertaker n. 承办人，承担人
undertaking n. 事业，企业，保证
(1) I repeat that we cannot (承担这项任务).
(2) Although he was tired, he (答应完成这份工作) by Friday.

19. squeeze v. 压榨，挤
squeeze in/out 挤进/出
squeeze through 挤过，勉强通过
squeeze sth. into sth. 将……挤进……
squeeze sth. from/out of... 从……榨取……
(1) The lift was full, but I managed to squeeze .
(2) She squeezed some juice the lemon.
undertake the task
undertook to finish the job
in
from/out of
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20. relay v. 转播，转达，传送 n.接力赛 ( = relay race)；替班
relay sth. to sb. 将某事传达给某人
in relays 轮班(工作)
(1) I will relay your opinion the headmaster.
(2) During the snowstorm, soldiers and policemen (轮流工作) to rescue the people who were trapped.
(3) The game (relay) by satellite to audiences all over the world.

21. sentence n. 句子，判刑； v. 宣判，判决
be sentenced to death 被判死刑
(1) I'm not satisfied with his interpretation of the last sentence of this passage.
(2) He was caught and given a ten-year sentence.
(3) Her husband was sentenced to death for murder.
(4) The criminal was sentenced to three years in prison by the court.
to
worked in relays
was relayed
这篇短文的最后一句
十年有期徒刑
被判处死刑
被判处三年有期徒刑
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refer to 指，意即；查阅，参考；提到
(1) (查字典) when you don't know how to spell a word.
(2) Please (参考最后一页) of the book for answer.
(3) The author (两次提到他的老师) in his article.

have a/the responsibility to do sth. 有责任做某事
(1) 我们大家都有责任预防事故的发生。
We all .
(2) 父母有责任教孩子如何安全横过公路。
Parents how to cross the road safety.

as a matter of fact ( = actually; in fact; in reality; in effect) 事实上
He appears to be strong and healthy, (但是事实上), he suffers from a very weak heart.
Refer to the dictionary
refer to the last page
referred to his teacher twice
have the responsibility to prevent accidents
have the responsibility to teach their children
but as a matter of fact
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take action 采取措施，采取行动
用法：take action 后接 to do sth. 或 on sth.
同义：take steps/measures 采取措施 [在这三个短语中，action 用单数，而 steps 和 measures 要用复数]
(1) It is up to the government to take action violence.
(2) Immediate action should (take) right now (prevent) the river from being polluted.

apart from 除……以外，(还)；除……以外
用法：① 相当于 besides, in addition to, as well as, 意为“除……以外(还包括)”
② 相当于 expect (for), 意为“除……以外 (不包括)”
(1) All the children like music apart from Bobby.
(2) Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well.

(3) He has done good work, (除了一些小纰漏外).
on
be taken to prevent
apart from a few slight faults
= besides/in addition to/aside from; 除……以外，还包括
= expect; 除……以外，不包括
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answer for 对……负责/承担责任，为……担保
用法：通常用于将来时态或含有情态动词的句子，其后可接名词或代词，不接 that 从句，若要接这类从句，则应该先接形式宾语
(1) I can't answer for his honesty. = I can't answer for that .
(2) You will have to (因你的行为承担责任) one day.

hand over 交出，移交
(1) When Mr. Smith gets old, he will (将生意交给他的儿子).
(2) The president (将政权移交给) his successor next month.

drive/send sb. mad/crazy 使某人发疯
(1) The loss of her son nearly (使她发狂).
(2) Sitting in the office all day will (把我逼疯).
it he is honest
answer for your behaviour
hand over his business to his son
will hand over his power to
drove her mad
drive me mad
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take sth. over (with sb.) 与某人详细讨论(商议)某事
(1) 当地的政治家与美国人详细讨论了那件事。
Local politicians the Americans.
(2) 他去看望他的朋友是为了能详细讨论他儿子的问题。
He called on his friend in order that he might .

go off with 擅自拿走；和……私奔
The accountant (携带保险箱里的现金跑掉了).

put forward 提出，建议；向前拨；推荐，举荐
(1) I put forward the hands of a clock when it is slow.
(2) Mary put forward a constructive suggestion at the meeting.
(3) I've put you forward as the best man for the job.
talked over the matter with
talk over his son's problems
went off with the cash from the safe
向前拨
提出有建设性的建议
推荐，举荐
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give in 屈服，让步；上交(考卷等)
give in to 屈服于/接受了……
(1) He (最终接受了我的观点).
(2) 中国人民热爱和平，然而我们决不会向任何军事威胁屈服。
The Chinese are peace-loving people, yet on no account any military threat.

send for 派人去请/取
(1) We (派人去取这份文件) this morning.
(2) He was so ill that we had to (派人请医生来).

call in 请(某人来服务)，召来；叫某人进入
(1) The firemen (call) in to rescue the people trapped in the burning building.
(2) He insisted that we (请位专家来).
gave in to my opinions finally
will we give in to
sent for this document
send for a doctor
were called
should call in an expert
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have a gift for 对……有天赋
近义：have a talent for 有……的才能
他有音乐天赋。He .

hold out 伸出；坚持，维持
(1) Tom (伸出他的手) and pulled the little boy out of water.
(2) We must (坚持到胜利).

keep one's word 守信用，遵守诺言
(1) 做人必须守信用。 .
(2) 失信，食言 。
(3) 信守诺言 。
(4) 违背诺言 。
has a gift for music
held out his hands
hold out till victory
One should keep his word
break one's promise
keep one's promise
eat one's word
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come about 发生，产生
用法：该短语涉及事情发生的原因，常与 how 连用
(1) 请告诉我这个事故是如何发生的。
Please tell me .
(2) 这些差别是如何产生的？ ?

happen to do 碰巧
比较：happen to sb. 发生在某人身上
碰巧我身上没带钱。 no money on me.

sort out (from) (从……中)区分出来，整理；解决
(1) She spent a whole afternoon (整理邮票).
(2) 谎言和实话难以区分。It is difficult to .
how the accident came about
How did this differences come about
It happened that I had
sorting out her stamps
sort out the lies from the truth
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take sb./sth. seriously 认真对待……；重视
(1) Don't take his promise (serious). He never keeps his word.
(2) Headaches in young children should always (重视).

come into being 形成；存在；出现
(1) Paper industry has been sharply decreasing (自从电脑出现以来).
(2) The Communist Party of China (1921年7月1日在上海成立).
拓展：come into 后接名词，表示“开始、进入(某种状态或活动)”
(1) 开始存在
(2) 开始实施、生效
(3) 开始使用/服务
(4) 开始执政
(5) 开始流行
seriously
since computers came into being
came into being in Shanghai on July 1, 1921
be taken seriously
come into existence
come into effect/force
come into use/service
come into office/power
come into fashion
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in/with the hope of 怀着……的希望
(1) We referred to many books (希望能获得更多的信息).
(2) He studies very hard (希望考上一所好的大学).

better off 比较宽裕；情况更好
说明：better off 后的动词用 v-ing 形式
联想：worse off 愈加贫穷的，状况更糟的
well off (= rich) 富裕的，境况很好的
badly off (= poor) 穷困的，没钱的；境况不佳的
(1) Only by working hard (你才能更富有).
(2) We shouldn't complain about being badly off; many families are (比我们差得多) than we are.
in the hope of getting further information
much worse off
can you become well off
in the hope of entering a good college
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above all 最重要的是 (most impotrant of all; importantly; especially)
归类总结：
at first ... then ... 最初……后来……
for one thing ... for another (thing) ... 一来……二来……
First of all/Firstly ... secondly ... thirdly ... 首先……其次……第三……

keep an eye on 照看，留神，留意
(look after sb. or sth. and make sure that they are safe)
(1) Mary will (照看这些孩子) this afternoon.
(2) She asked her husband (留意煮着的饭) in the kitchen.
拓展：与 eye 相关的短语
fix one's eyes on shut/close one's eyes on .
have an eye for turn a blind eye to .
keep an eye open for .
keep an eye on these children
to keep an eye on the meal being cooked
注视，凝视
对……有鉴赏力
密切注意，提防
对……视而不见
对……视而不见
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more than 的用法
more than + 数词 超过……( = over)
more than + 名词 不只是，不仅仅是 ( = not only)
more than + 形容词/副词/动词 非常
more than + 含有 can 的句子 不能……

(1) China Daily is more than a newspaper. It also helps us learn English.
(2) The club consists of more than 200 members.
(3) The beauty of this city is more than words can describe.
(4) What they did more than satisfied us.
(5) She is more than pleased with her daughter's performance.
不仅仅是，不只是
不能；非……所能……
超过
非常
非常
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keep control over 保持对……的控制
相关短语：
have/get control over/of 能控制
take control over/of 管理，控制
lose control over/of 失去对……的控制

(1) 中国政府必须保持对国有银行的控制。
Chinese government must .
(2) 我刚才是表示这样的看法：我们正在失去对世界人口的控制。
I was just expressing the view that .
(3) Students are encouraged to (管理好自己的学业), rather than just depending on the teacher.
keep control over its state-own banks
we are losing control of the world population
take control of their own learning
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1. It seems that... 看起来……(接近于实际)


2. It is/was + 形容词 + for/of sb. to do sth.


3. sb. happen to do sth. 某人刚好/碰巧做某事


4. Not only + 助动词 + sb. do sth., but (also)... 不仅……而且……


5. have problems with sth. 在某事上有困难/有问题


6. It's (about/high) time that...did... 早该是做……的时候了。


7. It is not surprising that... ……是不足为奇的。