第十三讲 并列复合句
(原卷版)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
在高考英语复习中，并列复合句是历年高考试题中的重要考查内容之一，高考英语考试大纲对语言知识的考查中明确规定，其中语法项目中的列复合句是考生必须要掌握的重要内容之一。通过对近几年的高考试卷的分析可知，语篇型填空和短文改错中体现了对并列连词和并列句的考查。其中在语篇型填空中对其考查形式都为无提示词型填空。因此要求教师在学生备考阶段做出科学有效的指导，抓住考点、难点、易错点，有的放矢，针对性精讲精练。教师要指导考生打好坚实的基础，为篇章理解、完形填空、语篇型填空、短文改错乃至书面表达奠定坚实的基础；在辅导学生进行相关复习的时候，要注重对其语言知识进行梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容，避免偏题、难题和怪题；要注意把相关的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通；逐条列出学生出容易出现错误的问题，通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I. 并列连词和并列句定义
从篇章看，英语句子之间常用并列连词进行连接和过渡；从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看可以探究出其共同规律。因此，首先需要强化并列句的最基本知识。并列词和并列句就是用并列连词连接并列关系的词、短语或分句。当并列连词连接两个或两个以上的并列分句时，就构成了并列句。
II. 并列连词
1.并列连词的分类
表示转折和对比关系：but，yet，however，while
表示因果关系：for，so，therefore
表示承接、选择、递进等关系：and，or，either…or，neither…nor，both…and，
as well as，not only …but also…
2.并列连词的用法
注意并列连词连接词、短语或分句。
His parents will travel today or tomorrow. 连接词
His parents will travel either this week or next week. 连接短语
His mother will travel and his father will also travel. 连接分句
III. 并列句
基本结构为：分句 + 并列连词 + 分句。
1.表示联合关系
常用连词：and, neither…nor, not only…but also
There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.
Pip is not only a character, he also tells the story of Great Expectations.
2.表示选择关系
常用连词：or,?either…or
We cook dinner together, or we go for a long walk.
…either one of his daughters replaces him as a prisoner in the castle, or he will die…
3.表示转折和对比关系
常用连词或连接副词：but，yet，however，while等
while，but表示完全的转折，语气较强，while主要表示对比。
He is a good composer, but he has taught me nothing。
Some sports are usually done indoors, while others are done outdoors.
however 在使用时必须与句子的其他成分用逗号分隔开。
We cannot feel air, however, it does exist.
I'd like to help you to carry the heavy bag; my hands, however, are full of my baggage.
Your composition is good, some words could be replaced, however.
yet 既可以用作并列连词,也可以用作连接副词。
John plays basketball well, yet his favorite is badminton.
It is surprising, and yet it has happened.
4.表示因果关系
常用连词或连接副词so, for, therefore等
I didn' t get enough sleep so I didn' t feel very well this morning. It has been separated from other continents for millions of years, so it has many plants and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.
5.表示条件或结果
常用and, or等连词。在这类并列句中，and意为“(只要)…就”，or意为“否则”。
Simply raise your hand, and a taxi appears in no time. (外研M2)
Stand over there, and you'll be able to see the oil painting better。(2008全国改)
You have to move out of the way, or the truck cannot get past you。(2012全国改)
6.表示递进关系
常用连接副词 besides, furthermore, moreover等
Television is entertaining; besides/ furthermore/moreover; it is instructive.
I. 并列连词的常用句式
祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式
①Work hard and you will succeed.
＝If you work hard, you will succeed.
努力学习，你就会成功。
②Hurry up or we will be late.
＝If you don’t hurry up, we will be late.
快点儿，否则我们就迟到了。
③A few more efforts and you will succeed.
＝If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed.
再努力些，你会成功的。
祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句。
祈使句＋or＋陈述句＝If ... not ...，＋主句。
Choose to be happy, and we can have a lot of good and happy days continually.
2. when“就在这时，突然”，常用以下句式
sb. be about to do/ be going to do /be on the point of doing sth.when...某人正要做某事，突然……
sb. be doing sth.when.... 某人正在做某事，突然……
sb. had(just)done sth.when... 某人刚做完某事，突然……
The air hostess was about to serve lunch when a small mouse stole out from the bag of a young man.
I was wandering down the sidewalk when there went a loud crash.
II. 并列句和复合句的区别
1.并列句和定语从句的区别
并列句与定语从句的主要区别在于：并列句是由and, but等并列连词连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
①They live in a small house, in front of ________ stands an orange tree.
②They live in a small house, and in front of ________ stands an orange tree.
分析：两句的区别是连词and。
句①逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空格处为引导词表示物，故填which；
句②and连接两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句中的small house，故填it。
③The old man has three sons, none of ________ is a doctor.
④The old man has three sons, but none of ________ is a doctor.
分析：两句的区别是连词but。
句③逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空格处为引导词表示人，故填whom；
句④but连接两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句的three sons，故填them。
2.并列句和状语从句的区别
并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”，两者之间是并列关系；而在状语从句中前后两个句子一个是主句，一个是从句，从句是用来修饰主句的。
①______ you take the medicine, you will be all right.
②Take this medicine, ________ you will be all right.
分析：两个题都应该填连词。
句①空格处引导条件状语从句表示“如果”，故填If；
句②中两个并列分句是顺承关系，故填and。
③________ money is necessary for a happy life, it can’t buy happiness.
④Money is necessary for a happy life, ________ it can’t buy happiness.
分析：两个题都应该填连词。
句③空格所在句子是让步关系，故填Although/Though；
句④前后是转折关系，故填but。
知识点一 承接还是转折的考查
例1．【2018 全国1卷改错】At the end of the trip, I told my father that I planned to return every twp years,but he agreed.
【答案】but改为and
【解析】句意：旅行结束时，“我”告诉我爸爸“我”计划每两年回去一次，他同意了。根据句意可知，该句最后一个逗号前后两句之间是顺承关系，应用并列连词and。故将but改为and
变式训练 1：
They are warm, generous but ready to offer help. 【2017·潍坊实验中学模拟】
知识点二 转折还是对比的考查
例2．【2018 保定市质检】In hospitals,some patients need to be operated but some only need to give some medicine and have enough rest.
【答案】but 改为while
【解析】考查句子之间的关系。句意：在医院里，有些病人需要动手术而有一些只需要给与药物治疗和做好充分休息。两个句子为对比关系，故用while。
变式训练 2：【2017 西安市模拟语法填空】The winter in Beijing is very cold that of Kunming is warm.
知识点三 并列连词还是从属连词的考查
例3．【2017 河南六市联考改编改错】Sun Yao was on his way up on Tuesday evening after school before the lift suddenly came to a stop.
【答案】before改为when
【解析】句意：周二晚上放学后，孙瑶正在回家上楼的路上，电梯突然停了下来。分析结构可知，此处为when引导的并列句“be doing+when+一般过去时”，故before改为when。
变式训练 3：
(改错)There is no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery as another man, also intelligent, fails.
知识点四 习惯句式的考查
例4．【2018 广东化州月考改错】One Sunday morning,she was about to do her lessons while her father came up and advised her to take a break.
【答案】while改为when
【解析】句意：一个星期天的早晨，她正要去上课，她父亲过来劝她休息一下。此句为“be abou to do +when+一般过去时”的句式，故while改为when.。
变式训练 4：
【2017 福建师大附中模拟】One day, some children were playing hide-and-seek while they heard a boy names Tate shouting: “Help!”.
变式训练 5
Help others whenever you can you will make the world a nice place to live in.
1. (2018 全国卷3) Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to
(2018 郑州高三摸底) Her goal was delayed, _ she didn’t give it up completely.
(2019 哈工大附中 改错) First?of?all, as students we should manage our own behaviors but help people around you form good habits.
4. (2019年 哈工大附中 改错) As a result, I suggest we are given less homework or more time for out-of-class activities.
5. (2019 哈市第六中学 改错) Besides，it’s common that the young or middle-aged sit on the bus when the elderly have to stand.
高考模拟真题训练
1．(2017 长春市调研测试) We learn words not by ourselves, ____ in sentences.
2．(2017 淮北市模拟) Avoid eating ________ drinking things like chocolates, coffee, tea or energy drinks.
3．(2017 曲师大模拟) Give them a Chinese lunar calendar and they will know what the weather will be like days or even months later.
4．(2017 潍坊中学模拟) Then I was about to leave while all of a sudden, I thought of something.
5．(2017 淮北市模拟) Well, I wish I could agree with you. ________ I do think Samantha was the best.
阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的单词
Not only had Niu Lang lost his parents, 1________he was often bullied by his elder brother. What he only had was an old and weak cattle, 2_________ he took good care of it. Other men at his age had children already, 3________ Niu Lang didn’t get married yet. One day, the cattle said unexpectedly, “I’d like to help you, 4________ you have attended me so carefully. Follow me, 5________ you will get a wife!”
So Niu Lang went to the bank while several beautiful fairies were bathing in the river. Then he did as the animal told him, hiding the youngest fairy’s clothes away 6________ telling her, “I am afraid that you will either lose your clothes 7________ marry me.” As a result, the youngest fairy Zhinv became his wife. Both Niu Lang 8 ________ Zhinv lived happily.
However, the Goddess of Heaven was angry with her granddaughter marrying a human, 9________ she said to Zhinv, “Go back to heaven, 10________ I will punish you!” Hearing this, Zhinv was not delighted 11________ worried. Niu Lang was about to run after them anxiously 12________ the Goddess of Heaven was making the Milky Way with her hair adornment to stop him. Neither Zhinv 13________ Niu Lang was happy, as they missed each other so much. Seeing this, the Goddess of Heaven let them cross the Milky Way to meet once a year with the help of magpies.
第十三讲 并列复合句
(解析卷)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
在高考英语复习中，并列复合句是历年高考试题中的重要考查内容之一，高考英语考试大纲对语言知识的考查中明确规定，其中语法项目中的列复合句是考生必须要掌握的重要内容之一。通过对近几年的高考试卷的分析可知，语篇型填空和短文改错中体现了对并列连词和并列句的考查。其中在语篇型填空中对其考查形式都为无提示词型填空。因此要求教师在学生备考阶段做出科学有效的指导，抓住考点、难点、易错点，有的放矢，针对性精讲精练。教师要指导考生打好坚实的基础，为篇章理解、完形填空、语篇型填空、短文改错乃至书面表达奠定坚实的基础；在辅导学生进行相关复习的时候，要注重对其语言知识进行梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容，避免偏题、难题和怪题；要注意把相关的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通；逐条列出学生出容易出现错误的问题，通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I. 并列连词和并列句定义
从篇章看，英语句子之间常用并列连词进行连接和过渡；从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看可以探究出其共同规律。因此，首先需要强化并列句的最基本知识。并列词和并列句就是用并列连词连接并列关系的词、短语或分句。当并列连词连接两个或两个以上的并列分句时，就构成了并列句。
II. 并列连词
1.并列连词的分类
表示转折和对比关系：but，yet，however，while
表示因果关系：for，so，therefore
表示承接、选择、递进等关系：and，or，either…or，neither…nor，both…and，
as well as，not only …but also…
2.并列连词的用法
注意并列连词连接词、短语或分句。
His parents will travel today or tomorrow. 连接词
His parents will travel either this week or next week. 连接短语
His mother will travel and his father will also travel. 连接分句
III. 并列句
基本结构为：分句 + 并列连词 + 分句。
1.表示联合关系
常用连词：and, neither…nor, not only…but also
There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.
Pip is not only a character, he also tells the story of Great Expectations.
2.表示选择关系
常用连词：or,?either…or
We cook dinner together, or we go for a long walk.
…either one of his daughters replaces him as a prisoner in the castle, or he will die…
3.表示转折和对比关系
常用连词或连接副词：but，yet，however，while等
while，but表示完全的转折，语气较强，while主要表示对比。
He is a good composer, but he has taught me nothing。
Some sports are usually done indoors, while others are done outdoors.
however 在使用时必须与句子的其他成分用逗号分隔开。
We cannot feel air, however, it does exist.
I'd like to help you to carry the heavy bag; my hands, however, are full of my baggage.
Your composition is good, some words could be replaced, however.
yet 既可以用作并列连词,也可以用作连接副词。
John plays basketball well, yet his favorite is badminton.
It is surprising, and yet it has happened.
4.表示因果关系
常用连词或连接副词so, for, therefore等
I didn' t get enough sleep so I didn' t feel very well this morning. It has been separated from other continents for millions of years, so it has many plants and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.
5.表示条件或结果
常用and, or等连词。在这类并列句中，and意为“(只要)…就”，or意为“否则”。
Simply raise your hand, and a taxi appears in no time. (外研M2)
Stand over there, and you'll be able to see the oil painting better。(2008全国改)
You have to move out of the way, or the truck cannot get past you。(2012全国改)
6.表示递进关系
常用连接副词 besides, furthermore, moreover等
Television is entertaining; besides/ furthermore/moreover; it is instructive.
I. 并列连词的常用句式
祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式
①Work hard and you will succeed.
＝If you work hard, you will succeed.
努力学习，你就会成功。
②Hurry up or we will be late.
＝If you don’t hurry up, we will be late.
快点儿，否则我们就迟到了。
③A few more efforts and you will succeed.
＝If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed.
再努力些，你会成功的。
祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句。
祈使句＋or＋陈述句＝If ... not ...，＋主句。
Choose to be happy, and we can have a lot of good and happy days continually.
2. when“就在这时，突然”，常用以下句式
sb. be about to do/ be going to do /be on the point of doing sth.when...某人正要做某事，突然……
sb. be doing sth.when.... 某人正在做某事，突然……
sb. had(just)done sth.when... 某人刚做完某事，突然……
The air hostess was about to serve lunch when a small mouse stole out from the bag of a young man.
I was wandering down the sidewalk when there went a loud crash.
II. 并列句和复合句的区别
1.并列句和定语从句的区别
并列句与定语从句的主要区别在于：并列句是由and, but等并列连词连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
①They live in a small house, in front of ________ stands an orange tree.
②They live in a small house, and in front of ________ stands an orange tree.
分析：两句的区别是连词and。
句①逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空格处为引导词表示物，故填which；
句②and连接两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句中的small house，故填it。
③The old man has three sons, none of ________ is a doctor.
④The old man has three sons, but none of ________ is a doctor.
分析：两句的区别是连词but。
句③逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空格处为引导词表示人，故填whom；
句④but连接两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句的three sons，故填them。
2.并列句和状语从句的区别
并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”，两者之间是并列关系；而在状语从句中前后两个句子一个是主句，一个是从句，从句是用来修饰主句的。
①______ you take the medicine, you will be all right.
②Take this medicine, ________ you will be all right.
分析：两个题都应该填连词。
句①空格处引导条件状语从句表示“如果”，故填If；
句②中两个并列分句是顺承关系，故填and。
③________ money is necessary for a happy life, it can’t buy happiness.
④Money is necessary for a happy life, ________ it can’t buy happiness.
分析：两个题都应该填连词。
句③空格所在句子是让步关系，故填Although/Though；
句④前后是转折关系，故填but。
知识点一 承接还是转折的考查
例1．【2018 全国1卷改错】At the end of the trip, I told my father that I planned to return every twp years,but he agreed.
【答案】but改为and
【解析】句意：旅行结束时，“我”告诉我爸爸“我”计划每两年回去一次，他同意了。根据句意可知，该句最后一个逗号前后两句之间是顺承关系，应用并列连词and。故将but改为and
变式训练 1：
They are warm, generous but ready to offer help. 【2017 潍坊实验中学模拟】
【答案】but→and
【解析】分析句子结构可知，warm, generous , ready为并列关系，此处应为and。
知识点二 转折还是对比的考查
例2．【2018 保定市质检】In hospitals,some patients need to be operated but some only need to give some medicine and have enough rest.
【答案】but 改为while
【解析】考查句子之间的关系。句意：在医院里，有些病人需要动手术而有一些只需要给与药物治疗和做好充分休息。两个句子为对比关系，故用while。
变式训练 2：【2017 西安市模拟语法填空】The winter in Beijing is very cold that of Kunming is warm.
【答案】while
【解析】句意：北京的冬天很冷而昆明的冬天很温暖。两个句子为对比关系，故用while.
知识点三 并列连词还是从属连词的考查
例3．【2017 河南六市联考改编改错】Sun Yao was on his way up on Tuesday evening after school before the lift suddenly came to a stop.
【答案】before改为when
【解析】句意：周二晚上放学后，孙瑶正在回家上楼的路上，电梯突然停了下来。分析结构可知，此处为when引导的并列句“be doing+when+一般过去时”，故before改为when。
变式训练 3：
(改错)There is no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery as another man, also intelligent, fails.
【答案】as改为while
【解析】句意：没有办法知道为什么一个人做出了重要的发现，而另一个同样聪明的人却失败了。根据句意为对比含义，故用while。
知识点四 习惯句式的考查
例4．【2018 广东化州月考改错】One Sunday morning,she was about to do her lessons while her father came up and advised her to take a break.
【答案】while改为when
【解析】句意：一个星期天的早晨，她正要去上课，她父亲过来劝她休息一下。此句为“be abou to do +when+一般过去时”的句式，故while改为when.。
变式训练 4：
【2017·福建师大附中模拟】One day, some children were playing hide-and-seek while they heard a boy names Tate shouting: “Help!”.
【答案】while改为when
【解析】分析句子结构可知，为“be doing+when+一般过去时”的句式，故while改为when。
变式训练 5
Help others whenever you can you will make the world a nice place to live in.
【答案】and
【解析】该句为“祈使句+and/or一般将来时”结构，根据前半句时态可知用后面为顺其自然的结果，故用and。
1. (2018 全国卷3) Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.
【答案】 and 改成or
【解析】句意为：每个人都沉默着，等着看是谁将被点名去大声读他/她的文章。此处表示选择关系，应用or。故将and改为or。
(2018 郑州高三摸底) Her goal was delayed, _ she didn’t give it up completely.
【答案】 but
【解析】考查并列连词。句意：她的目标被耽搁了，但她没有完全放弃。转折关系，所以为but。
(2019 哈工大附中 改错) First?of?all, as students we should manage our own behaviors but help people around you form good habits.
【答案】but改为and
【解析】考查并列连词。句意：首先，作为学生，我们应该管理自己的行为，并且帮助周围的人形成良好的习惯。应为承接关系，故用and。
4. (2019年 哈工大附中 改错) As a result, I suggest we are given less homework or more time for out-of-class activities.
【答案】 or改为and
【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意：因此，我建议我们少做作业，并且多做课外活动；应为并列关系，故用and。
5. (2019 哈市第六中学 改错) Besides，it’s common that the young or middle-aged sit on the bus when the elderly have to stand.
【答案】 when改为while
【解析】考查并列连词。句意：此外，常见的是年轻或中年坐在公共汽车当老人不得不站。句子为对比关系，所以用while。
高考模拟真题训练
1．(2017 长春市调研测试) We learn words not by ourselves, ____ in sentences.
【答案】but
【解析】句意：我们学语言不是靠自己而是靠句子。“not…but…不是….而是…”故用but。
2．(2017 淮北市模拟) Avoid eating ________ drinking things like chocolates, coffee, tea or energy drinks.
【答案】or/and
【解析】根据句意：避免吃或者喝巧克力、咖啡、茶或能量饮料。eating 与drinking并列或选择关系。
3．(2017 曲师大模拟) Give them a Chinese lunar calendar and they will know what the weather will be like days or even months later.
【答案】 or改为and.
【解析】根据句意：给他们一个中国农历，他们就会知道几天甚至几个月后天气会怎样。很明显此处为“祈使句+and/or一般将来时”句式考查，又为顺其自然的结果，故为and。
4．(2017 潍坊中学模拟) Then I was about to leave while all of a sudden, I thought of something.
【答案】when
【解析】分析句子结构可知，为“be about to do +when+一般过去时”的句式，故while改为when。
5．(2017 淮北市模拟) Well, I wish I could agree with you. ________ I do think Samantha was the best.
【答案】But
【解析】句意：我希望我能同意你的观点。但是我的确认为萨曼莎是最棒的。两个句子为转折关系，用but合适。
阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的单词
Not only had Niu Lang lost his parents, 1________he was often bullied by his elder brother. What he only had was an old and weak cattle, 2_________ he took good care of it. Other men at his age had children already, 3________ Niu Lang didn’t get married yet. One day, the cattle said unexpectedly, “I’d like to help you, 4________ you have attended me so carefully. Follow me, 5________ you will get a wife!”
So Niu Lang went to the bank while several beautiful fairies were bathing in the river. Then he did as the animal told him, hiding the youngest fairy’s clothes away 6________ telling her, “I am afraid that you will either lose your clothes 7________ marry me.” As a result, the youngest fairy Zhinv became his wife. Both Niu Lang 8 ________ Zhinv lived happily.
However, the Goddess of Heaven was angry with her granddaughter marrying a human, 9________ she said to Zhinv, “Go back to heaven, 10________ I will punish you!” Hearing this, Zhinv was not delighted 11________ worried. Niu Lang was about to run after them anxiously 12________ the Goddess of Heaven was making the Milky Way with her hair adornment to stop him. Neither Zhinv 13________ Niu Lang was happy, as they missed each other so much. Seeing this, the Goddess of Heaven let them cross the Milky Way to meet once a year with the help of magpies.
【答案】 1. but also 2. but 3. while 4. for 5.and 6. and
or… 8. and… 9. so 10. or/otherwise
but… 12. when 13. neither…nor…
【解析】
1. (not only…) but also 表示“不但……而且……”，用于连接两个性质相同的词、短语或句子。为了强调，可将not only置于句首，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装。
2. but 表示转折关系的并列连词,此处连接两个句子。
3. while 表示对比，意为“而”。
4. for 用作并列连词，表示“因为”。
5. and 在“祈使句，and＋主谓结构”中，祈使句表示一个条件，and后的句子表示结果。意为“那么”（暗示一种条件）。
6. and 用于连接两个并列的现在分词短语。
7. (either…) or… 连接两个相同成分的词、短语或句子，选择关系，表示“不是……就是……”“或者……或者……”。在本句中连接两个并列的谓语动词。
8. (both…) and… 在句中连接两个并列的主语，表“两者都”。
9. so 表示因果，连接两个并列分句，so意为“因此”，其后的分句表示结果。
10. or/otherwise 在“祈使句，or/otherwise＋主谓”结构中，祈使句表条件，or/otherwise后的句子表相反的结果。
11. (not…) but… 意思为“不是……而是……”。
12. when 表示一件事情正在发生或就要发生，突然发生了另一件事，只能用when。固定搭配was/were about to do或was /were doing…when…（刚要做/正在做某事突然就……）。
13. (neither…) nor… 连接两个并列成分，表“既不……也不……”。
课件30张PPT。第十三讲 并列复合句考纲解读1. 对并列复合句的语言知识进行梳理，注意在语篇型填空和短文改错中出现的并列复合句的语言知识。
2. 注意在语篇型填空中所考查的形式大多是无提示词型填空，要特别注意语义、时态、语态的一致。
3. 注意并列句中的主谓一致的情况以及各种从句中的语义关系。
4. 熟练掌握并列复合句的用法，列出学生出容易出现错误的问题；通过典型例句讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。典例精讲知识点一 承接还是转折的考查
典例1：At the end of the trip, I told my father that I planned to return every twp years, but he agreed.
【句意】旅行结束时，“我”告诉我爸爸“我”计划每两年回去一次，他同意了。but改为and 最后一个逗号前后两句之间是顺承关系，应用并列连词and变式训练 考向 并列关系用and连接
变式训练 1. They are warm, generous but ready to offer help.【句意】 ：他们热情大方，乐于提供帮助。。but→and warm, generous , ready为并列关系，
所以用and连接典例精讲知识点二 转折还是对比的考查
典例2：In hospitals,some patients need to be operated but some only need to give some medicine and have enough rest. but 改为while 句意：在医院里，有些病人需要动手术而有一些只需要给与药物治疗和做好充分休息。两个句子为对比关系，所以用while变式训练 考向 前后句子对比用while
变式训练 2. The winter in Beijing is very cold ________ that of Kunming is warm.句意：北京的冬天很冷而昆明的冬天很温暖while 两个句子为对比关系用while典例精讲知识点三 并列连词还是从属连词的考查
典例3：Sun Yao was on his way up on Tuesday evening after school before the lift suddenly came to a stop.before改为when 句意：周二晚上放学后，孙瑶正在回家上楼的路上，电梯突然停了下来。此处为when引导的并列句
“be doing+when+一般过去时”变式训练考向 前后对比用 while
变式训练 3． (改错)There is no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery as another man, also intelligent, fails.句意：没有办法知道为什么一个人做出了重要的发现，而另一个同样聪明的人却失败了。as改为while表示前后句子对比的意思：while根据句意为对比含义，所以用while典例精讲知识点四 be abou to do +when+一般过去时
典例4：例4．One Sunday morning,she was about to do her lessons while her father came up and advised her to take a break.while改为when 句意：一个星期天的早晨，她正要去上课，她父亲过来劝她休息一下。“be abou to do +when+一般过去时”的句式，故while改为when 变式训练考向 “be doing+when + 一般过去时”
变式训练 4. One day, some children were playing hide-and-seek while they heard a boy names Tate shouting: “Help!”.句意：一天，一些孩子在玩捉迷藏游戏，他们听到一个叫泰特的男孩在喊：“救命！”。while改为when “be doing+when + 一般过去时”的句式，
故while改为when 变式训练考向 “祈使句+and/or一般将来时”结构
变式训练 5．Help others whenever you can _______ you will make the world a nice place to live in．句意：尽你所能帮助别人，你将使世界成为一个美好的居住地。and 根据前半句时态可知用后面
为顺其自然的结果，故用and2018 全国卷3
1. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. ?and 改成or 句意：每个人都沉默着，等着看是谁将被点名去大声读他/她的文章。挑战真题此处表示选择关系，应用or。故将and改为or并列复合句2018 郑州高三摸底
2. Her goal was delayed, ________ she didn’t give it up completely. but 句意：她的目标被耽搁了，但她没有完全放弃。挑战真题前后是转折关系，所以为but并列复合句2019 哈工大附中 改错
3. ? First?of?all, as students we should manage our own behaviors but help people around you form good habits. but改为and 句意：首先，作为学生，我们应该管理自己的行为，并且帮助周围的人形成良好的习惯。挑战真题前后为承接关系，故用and并列复合句2019年 哈工大附中 改错
4. As a result, I suggest we are given less homework or more time for out-of-class activities. or改为and 句意：因此，我建议我们少做作业，并且多做课外活动。 挑战真题前后为并列关系，故用and并列复合句2019年 哈市第六中学 改错
5. Besides，it’s common that the young or middle-aged sit on the bus when the elderly have to stand. when改为while句意：此外，常见的是年轻或中年坐在公共汽车当老人不得不站。挑战真题句子为对比关系，所以用while并列复合句1. We learn words not by ourselves, ____ in sentences.句意：我们学语言不是靠自己而是靠句子。but 巩固训练“not…but…不是….而是…”2. Avoid eating ________ drinking things like chocolates, coffee, tea or energy drinks. 句意：避免吃或者喝巧克力、咖啡、茶或能量饮料。or / and巩固训练eating 与drinking并列或选择关系3. Give them a Chinese lunar calendar and they will know what the weather will be like days or even months later.句意：给他们一个中国农历，他们就会知道几天甚至几个月后天气会怎样。or改为and 巩固训练“祈使句+and/or一般将来时”句式考查，又为顺其自然的结果，故为and4. Then I was about to leave while all of a sudden, I thought of something.句意：就在我正要离开的时候，我突然想到了一些事情。。when 巩固训练分析句子结构可知，为“be about to do +when+一般过去时”的句式，故while改为when5. Well, I wish I could agree with you. ______I do think Samantha was the best.句意：我希望我能同意你的观点。但是我的确认为萨曼莎是最棒的。But 巩固训练前后两个句子为转折关系，用but合适巩固训练 Not only had Niu Lang lost his parents, 1________he was often bullied by his elder brother. What he only had was an old and weak cattle, 2_________ he took good care of it. Other men at his age had children already, 3________ Niu Lang didn’t get married yet. One day, the cattle said unexpectedly, “I’d like to help you, 4________ you have attended me so carefully. Follow me, 5________ you will get a wife!” 阅读下面材料，用适当的单词填空巩固训练 So Niu Lang went to the bank while several beautiful fairies were bathing in the river. Then he did as the animal told him, hiding the youngest fairy’s clothes away 6________ telling her, “I am afraid that you will either lose your clothes 7________ marry me.” As a result, the youngest fairy Zhinv became his wife. Both Niu Lang 8 ________ Zhinv lived happily. 阅读下面材料，用适当的单词填空巩固训练 However, the Goddess of Heaven was angry with her granddaughter marrying a human, 9________ she said to Zhinv, “Go back to heaven, 10________ I will punish you!” Hearing this, Zhinv was not delighted 11________ worried. Niu Lang was about to run after them anxiously 12________ the Goddess of Heaven was making the Milky Way with her hair adornment to stop him. Neither Zhinv 13________ Niu Lang was happy, as they missed each other so much. Seeing this, the Goddess of Heaven let them cross the Milky Way to meet once a year with the help of magpies. 阅读下面材料，用适当的单词填空巩固训练 Not only had Niu Lang lost his parents, 1________he was often bullied by his elder brother. What he only had was an old and weak cattle, 2_________ he took good care of it. Other men at his age had children already, 3________ Niu Lang didn’t get married yet. but alsobutwhile1. (not only…) but also 表示“不但……而且……”，连接两个性质相同的
词、短语或句子。为强调将not only置于句首，其后的句子部分倒装。
2. but 表示转折关系的并列连词, 此处连接两个句子。
3. while 表示对比，意为“而”。 阅读下面材料，用适当的单词填空巩固训练 Not only had Niu Lang lost his parents, 1________he was often bullied by his elder brother. What he only had was an old and weak cattle, 2_________ he took good care of it. Other men at his age had children already, 3________ Niu Lang didn’t get married yet. One day, the cattle said unexpectedly, “I’d like to help you, 4________ you have attended me so carefully. Follow me, 5________ you will get a wife!” but alsobutwhilefor and4. for 用作并列连词，表示“因为”。
5. and 在“祈使句，and＋主谓结构”中，祈使句表示一个条件，
and后的句子表示结果。意为“那么”（暗示一种条件）。 阅读下面材料，用适当的单词填空巩固训练 So Niu Lang went to the bank while several beautiful fairies were bathing in the river. Then he did as the animal told him, hiding the youngest fairy’s clothes away 6________ telling her, “I am afraid that you will either lose your clothes 7________ marry me.” As a result, the youngest fairy Zhinv became his wife. Both Niu Lang 8 ________ Zhinv lived happily. andorand 6. and 用于连接两个并列的现在分词短语。
7. (either…) or… 连接两个相同成分词、短语或句子，选择关系，表示
“不是……就是……”“或者……或者……”；连接了两个并列的谓语动词
8. (both…) and… 在句中连接两个并列的主语，表“两者都”。 阅读下面材料，用适当的单词填空巩固训练 However, the Goddess of Heaven was angry with her granddaughter marrying a human, 9________ she said to Zhinv, “Go back to heaven, 10____________ I will punish you!” Hearing this, Zhinv was not delighted 11________ worried. 9. so 表示因果，连接两个并列分句，so意为“因此”，其后分句表示结果。
10. or/otherwise 在“祈使句，or/otherwise＋主谓”结构中，祈使句表条件，
or/otherwise后的句子表相反的结果。
11. (not…) but… 意思为“不是……而是……”。soor/otherwisebut 阅读下面材料，用适当的单词填空巩固训练 Niu Lang was about to run after them anxiously 12________ the Goddess of Heaven was making the Milky Way with her hair adornment to stop him. Neither Zhinv 13_________ Niu Lang was happy, as they missed each other so much. Seeing this, the Goddess of Heaven let them cross the Milky Way to meet once a year with the help of magpies. whennor 12. when 表示一件事情正在发生或就要发生，突然发生了另一件事，
只能用when。固定搭配：was/were about to do 或
was /were doing…when… 刚要做/正在做某事突然就……
13. (neither…) nor… 连接两个并列成分，表“既不……也不……”。 阅读下面材料，用适当的单词填空感谢欣赏
