2020年中考英语考点专练十一 主谓一致（解析版 共19页）

2020年中考英语考点专练十一 主谓一致（解析版）
一、教材重点回顾：
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。对于主谓一致的考查，主要集中在单项选择、完形填空、汉译英及其它类型的填空题中。在学习过程中，要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。其考查重点：
主谓一致的三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
一：主谓一致的三个原则
1. 意义一致
意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。如：
Maths is difficult for us. 数学对我们来说很难。
The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷。
2. 语法一致
语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如：
My bike is under the tree. 我的自行车在树下。
These books are old. 这些书是旧的。
3. 就近原则
就近原则即当主语被某些连词(短语)连接时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致。
Either my father or brother is coming. 我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。
Not only you but also they are good students. 不仅你是好学生，而且他们也是好学生。
二：并列结构作主语
由and或both... and连接两个名词、代词作主语，表示不同的人或事物时，句子的谓语用复数。
John and Mike are good friends. 约翰和迈克是好朋友。
Both bread and milk are good for you. 面包和牛奶对你都有好处。
【注意】and连接的两个名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。
The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing. 那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆。
三：＂名词+介词短语＂作主语
名词或代词后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。(就前原则）
She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。
He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。
Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。
四：不定代词作主语
1. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。
Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。
Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。
Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。
2. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。
Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗？
Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。
Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。
五：There be和Here be的就近原则
There be和Here be 结构后面接并列名词时，谓语动词be均应与最近的名词在数上保持一致。
There is a pen，a pencil，a knife and three books on the desk.
书桌上有一支钢笔，一支铅笔，一把刀和三本书。
Here are some flowers and a card. 这里有一些花和一张卡片。
六：特殊名词作主语
1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。
The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名)
Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)
2. ＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。
The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。
The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。
3. 以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。
Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。
The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。
4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。
A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。
Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。
【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。
七：表数量概念的词或短语作主语
1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。
Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。
100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。
2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。
Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。
Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。
3. ＂many a/more than one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。
Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。
4. ＂one and a half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。
One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。
One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。
5. the rest of... 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。
The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。
The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。
6. ＂none of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。
None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。
7. ＂a number of+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂the number of+名词复数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。
A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。
The number of the students in this school has reached over 2,000. 这所学校的学生数量已达到2 000多人。
8. ＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。
Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。
考向八：动名词、不定式和从句作主语
动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。
Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。
To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。
What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。
其他情况
例句
and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复数；但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物时，谓语使用单数。
The writer and teacher is coming.
那位作家兼教师来了(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming.
作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
＂单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形式，如果之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语使用复数。
Mike with his father has been to England.
迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike, like his brother，enjoys playing football.
迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
＂the number of+复数名词＂作主语谓语用单数; ＂
a(good/large) number of+复数名词＂作主语，谓语动词用复数。
The number of the students is over eight hundred.
学生人数超过八百。
A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500. 许多教师今天都出席了，有500人。
由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers, boots等。若此类名词被＂a kind of/a pair of’’修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard.
剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。
A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days.
近些天，眼镜的售价很高。
当not only... but also...，not... but...，or，either... or….，neither... nor...等连接并列主语时，以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式采用就近原则。
Neither Jack and I have seen this film.
杰克和我都没有看过这部电影
Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.
或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。
某些集体名词，如class, club, family, team, group等，作主语时，谓语动词采用意义一致原则，即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.
这家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。
The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感恩节。
【知识拓展】
如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词使用单数形式;
如果这一类词指的是具体成员，则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。
二、中考考点梳理
1、语法一致：是指主语的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。
考点一：一般情况下，主语为单数可数名词或代词、不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数可数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
考点二：动词不定式或动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
考点三：
1). 复合不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
2). neither of ... / none of ... 作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。
3). either指“两者之中任何一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。either of ... 作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。
4). each作同位语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语的数；each of ... 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
考点四：当用both ... and ... 连接并列主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。当and连接的两个名词表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数形式；当表示同一人、同一物或同一个概念，或表示不可分的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
考点五：当主语后面跟有with, except, including, along with, together with, as well as, in addition to等词语引导的短语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式由主语的单、复数形式决定。
考点六：一些由两部分构成的表示物体的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如shoes, trousers, jeans, scissors, chopsticks等。但如果这些名词前有量词如pair等修饰时，谓语动词的数与量词保持一致。
考点七：
1). “a (large / small) number of + 复数可数名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of + 复数可数名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
2). “分数 / 百分数+ of + 名词”和“the rest / most of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数由名词决定。
2、意义一致：是指谓语动词和主语的一致不是取决于主语的语法形式，而是由其意义所决定。
考点一：当数词作主语或当表示距离、金额、时间等名词(短语)作主语时，通常作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。
考点二：有些集体名词常指复数的人或物，谓语动词用复数形式，如police；有些集体名词作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式，如family, class, team, group, crowd等；当population意为“人口数量”时，谓语动词用单数形式；意为“全体居民”时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。
考点三：以-s结尾的单数名词如news, physics, maths, politics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
考点四：
1). “the + 形容词”表示一类人作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。这类词有the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead等。
2). “the + 姓氏的复数形式”表示某一家人或夫妇两人，其作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
考点五：定语从句中谓语动词的单复数取决于其先行词的单复数。
3)、就近一致：是指谓语动词的数要与其最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
考点一：以or, not only ... but also ..., either ... or ..., neither ... nor ... 等连接的名词(或代词)作主语时，谓语动词要和离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
考点二：在there be 句型中，如果有两个或两个以上的主语时，主语与谓语的一致通常遵循就近一致原则。
主谓一致记忆口诀
单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单。如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。
有些名词谓常复，牛人警察和船员。主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。
主语从句非谓语，many a再加more than one，谓语动词均用单。
or，nor，but also，there be，近主原则挂嘴边。主语neither，either，one，谓语总是用三单。
主语虽有and连，and后面没有冠，仅指一人或一事，谓语仍然是单三。
时间、价值度量衡，谓语常作单数看。no，each，every后用单，两件/种事物/情系一概念。
谓语动词用复数的情况口诀：
人们加警察，家禽并牛群，常作复数没问题；服装鞋袜及手套，自然全是用复数。
典例分类
1.【2019 ? 湖南省郴州市】—Lucy, there __________ too many things on the desk. What a mess!
—Sorry, Mum. I’ll put them away.
A. have B. is C. are
2.【2019 ? 四川省广元市】Not only you but also I ________ interested in the cartoon called Peppa Pig.
A. am B. is C. are
3.【2019 ? 甘肃省天水市】______ students in our class ______ going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.
A. Two fifths; is B. Second fifths; are
C. Second fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
4.（2019年盐城）Each of us _______ a life goal, which will guide us to a bright future.
A. has B. have C. will have D. had
5.（2019年凉山）—What’s in the picture on the wall?
—There __________a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.
A. has B. are C. is D. have
6.（2019年天水）Either the students or the teacher _______ him very well.
A. Knows B. to know C. know D. knew
7.(2019年新疆)Not only Jack but also I _______crazy about the football match.
A. am B. is C.are D. be
8.（2019年百色）Neither my sister nor I _______been to Xi'an before．
A．have never B．have ever C．has never D．has ever
9.（2019年兰州）Peter with his classmates _______ for the bus when the earthquake happened.
A. is waiting B. was waiting C. are waiting D. were waiting
10.（2019年永州）Playing computer games too often ________ bad for us.
A. am B. is C. are
二、易混易错点拨
1. （2019 ? 广东省中考）We are proud of our country. The year 2019 is her __________ birthday.
A. seventy B. the seventy C. the seventieth D. seventieth
2. （2019 ? 江苏省宿迁市）Wu Dajing, a __________ Chinese skater, set a new world record at the Short Track World Cup last year.
A. 25-years-old B. 25 year old C. 25-year-old D. 25 years old
A. seventh B. eighth C. ninth D. tenth
4. （2019 ? 甘肃省兰州市）We gave away __________ books to the school library last year.
A. six thousands B. six thousand
C. six thousands of D. six thousand of
5. （2019 ? 湖南省郴州市）Every year, __________ books are given away to the poor children in the countryside.
A. thousand B. thousands of C. thousand of
6. （2019 ? 山东省滨州市）—Which month of the year do you like best?
—July, the __________ month, because summer vacation begin in this month.
seven B. six C. seventh D. sixth
7. （2019 ? 黑龙江省哈尔滨市）—We’ll?celebrate?the __________ National?Day?this?year.
—That’s?really?exciting。
A.?seventy B.?seventeen C.?seventieth
8. （2019 ? 福建省中考）There __________ a large bowl of jiaozi on the table.
A. is B. are C. be
9. （2019 ? 甘肃省兰州市）In the near future, there __________ self-driving cars in our city.
A. is B. was C. are D. will be
10. （2019 ? 湖南省湘西州）—There _______ a book sale in our school. Would you like to have a look with me?
—Sure. I’d love to.
is B. have C. are
11. （2019 ? 四川省凉山州）—What’s in the picture on the wall?
—There __________ a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.
has B. are C. is D. have
12. （2019 ? 贵州省安顺市）Nowadays, __________ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about __________ of them are adults.
A. the number of; four-fifths B. a number of; four-fifth
C. a number of; four-fifths D. the number of; four-five
1. （重庆市2019年三模）There are __________ floors in Toby’s house. And his room is on the __________ floor.
A. three; two B. third; second C. third; two D. three; second
2. （扬州市2019年三模）—Dad, about __________ of our classmates wear glasses.
—Oh, that’s terrible. You all should take good care of your eyes.
A. three fourth B. third fourth C. third fourths D. three quarters
3. （天津市2019年三模）__________ people come to the lost and found office every day.
A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of
4. （山东2019年初三模）__________ visitors came to take photos of Hongyadong during the vacation.
A. Thousand B. Thousand of C. Thousands D. Thousands of
5. （天津市2019年三模）In the future people will live longer and more and more people will celebrate their __________ birthdays.
A. one hundred B. hundred C. hundreds of D. hundredth
6. （天津市2019年初中毕业生学业考试）About __________ of the earth __________ covered with water, but we have less and less fresh water.
A. three-fourth; are B. three-fourths; is
C. three-fourth; are D. three-fourths; are
7. （青岛市2019年初中学生学业水平模拟）The number of the students in my class __________ fifty. A large number of them __________ from the countryside.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are
8. （济南市2019年二模）—Ann, when do you plan to go for your ten-day holiday?
—Next month. I’m going away on the __________ and coming back on the 12th.
first B. second C. third D. fourth
9. （江苏省2019年一模）Jim failed twice, but he wanted to have __________ try.
A. a second B. a third C. the second D. the third
10. （江苏省2019年二模）_________ people attending the meeting is 2975 and about _________ are women.
A. A number of; one fourth B. The number of; one fourth
C. A number of; one fourths D. The number of; one fourths
复数。
答案
典例分类
1.【2019 ? 湖南省郴州市】—Lucy, there __________ too many things on the desk. What a mess!
—Sorry, Mum. I’ll put them away.
A. have B. is C. are
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：——露西，在桌子上有许多东西。真乱！——对不起，妈妈，我将把他们收起来。A. have有；B. is是；单数；C. are是，复数。这里是there be句型，主语是too many things是复数，be动词用are。根据题意，故选C。
2.【2019 ? 四川省广元市】Not only you but also I ________ interested in the cartoon called Peppa Pig.
A. am B. is C. are
【答案】A
【解析】考查句子的主谓一致。句意：不仅是你，我也对卡通片《粉红猪小妹》感兴趣。A. am用于主语是I的一般现在时；B. is用于主语是单数第三人称的一般现在时；C. are用于主语是复数的一般现在时。短语＂not only…but also＂引导的主语和后面动词主谓一致遵循临近一致原则，比较近的主语I是第一人称，be动词用am, 故选A。
3.【2019 ? 甘肃省天水市】______ students in our class ______ going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.
A. Two fifths; is B. Second fifths; are
C. Second fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们班五分之二的学生打算下周去北京参加夏令营。表达分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，因此五分之二的表达应该是two fifths，排除B、C；分数后面的名词为复数名词students，根据主谓一致的原则，只能用are，故答案选D。
【扩展】：本题考查的知识点有分数的表达和主谓一致，一般情况下，表示分数时，分子要用基数词，分母要用序数词，如果分子大于1，表示分母的序数词要用复数形式，如：two thirds 三分之二。由＂分数或百分数名词＂构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：60% of the students in our class are girls.我们班60的学生是女生。Two thirds of the apple is red.这个苹果的三分之二是红色的。
4.（2019年盐城）Each of us _______ a life goal, which will guide us to a bright future.
A. has B. have C. will have D. had
【答案】A
【解析】考查意义一致原则。英语句中的each，既可作代词充当主语，又可作形容词修饰主语，这时的谓语动词一律用单数。Each of us has a computer. 我们每个人都有一部电脑。Each of them likes playing basketball. 他们每个人都喜欢打篮球。中考试题题意为“我们每个人有生活目标，它将指引我们走向光明的未来。”此题each充当主语成份，谓语动词用单数。答案应为A。
5.（2019年凉山）—What’s in the picture on the wall?
—There __________a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.
A. has B. are C. is D. have
【答案】C
【解析】考查语法一致原则。在there be句型中，be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如；There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 房间里有两张椅子和一张桌子。There is a pen and some pieces of paper on the desk.?桌子上有一支钢笔和几张纸。中考试题题意为“墙上图画里有什么？”“有一位老师和上些学生在操场上踢足球。”此题空格后的主语是a teacher，谓语动词应选择is，答案应为C。
6.（2019年天水）Either the students or the teacher _______ him very well.
A. Knows B. to know C. know D. knew
【答案】A
【解析】考查邻近一致原则。either...or...连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如：Either you or she is good at English. 你或她都擅长英语。Are either you or he wrong? 是你错了还是他错了? 中考试题题意为“不是学生就是老师非常了解他。”此题由连词either...or...连接主语the students和the teacher，附近主语是the teacher，故答案应为A。
7.(2019年新疆)Not only Jack but also I _______crazy about the football match.
A. am B. is C.are D. be
【答案】A
【解析】考查邻近一致原则。中考试题题意为“不仅 Jack 而且我都热衷于足球。”此题含有连词not only... but also...，根据邻近一致原则，答案应为A。
8.（2019年百色）Neither my sister nor I _______been to Xi'an before．
A．have never B．have ever C．has never D．has ever
【答案】B
【解析】考查邻近一致原则。neither...nor...“”连接两个主语时，与最靠近的主语一致。如：Neither his parents nor Tom is at home.汤姆和他的父母都不在家。Neither the teacher nor his studetns know anything about it. 老师和他的学生都不知道那件事。中考试题题意为“我妹妹和我以前都没去过西安”由于neither…nor...本身就是否定意义，则可排除含有never的A和C两项；根据邻近一致的原则，则应选择have ever，答案应为B。
9.（2019年兰州）Peter with his classmates _______ for the bus when the earthquake happened.
A. is waiting B. was waiting C. are waiting D. were waiting
【答案】B
【解析】考查语法一致的原则。当主语有with 或together with短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。中考试题题意为“当地震发生的时候，Peter与他的同学正在等公共汽车。”根据此题介词短语with his classmates前主语是Peter，谓语动词须用单数。根据时间状语when the earthquake happened可知，主句谓语动词须用过去进行时，答案应为B。
10.（2019年永州）Playing computer games too often ________ bad for us.
A. am B. is C. are
【答案】B
【解析】考查语法一致的原则。动名词、动词不定式，从句等作主语时谓语动词一律视作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如：Playing football on Sunday is one of his habits. 周日踢足球是他的一个习惯。When to leave has not been decided. 什么时候离开还没有定下来。What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了。中考试题题意为“玩电脑游戏太经常对我们有害。”此题动名词短语playing computer games用作主语，谓语动词用单数，答案应为B。
二、易混易错点拨
1. （2019 ? 广东省中考）We are proud of our country. The year 2019 is her __________ birthday.
A. seventy B. the seventy C. the seventieth D. seventieth
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们为我们的国家感到骄傲，2019年是她的70岁生日。seventy70，seventieth第70；根据几岁生日时用序数词，当序数词前有形容词性的物主代词时，要把the省略掉；故选D。
2. （2019 ? 江苏省宿迁市）Wu Dajing, a __________ Chinese skater, set a new world record at the Short Track World Cup last year.
A. 25-years-old B. 25 year old C. 25-year-old D. 25 years old
【答案】C
【解析】句意：25岁的中国滑冰运动员吴大靖在去年的短道世界杯上创造了新的世界纪录。考查限定词辨析。由数字、名词和形容词加连字符构成的词为复合形容词，也称限定词，其结构为＂数字-名词-形容词＂，中间的名词必须用单数形式。根据句意结构，可知选C。
3. （2019 ? 甘肃省武威市）September is the __________ month of a year.
A. seventh B. eighth C. ninth D. tenth
【答案】C
【解析】句意：九月是一年中的第九个月。A. 第七；B. 第八；C. 第九；D. 第十。根据常识可知，九月是第九个月，故选C。
4. （2019 ? 甘肃省兰州市）We gave away __________ books to the school library last year.
A. six thousands B. six thousand
C. six thousands of D. six thousand of
【答案】B
【解析】句意：去年我们把6000本书捐给了学校图书馆。结合选项，本题考查数词的用法，英文的数目表达方式有两种：精确数目和含糊数目。精确数目如：two million dollars，两百万美元；数词无复数，也没有of；含糊数目如：millions of dollars，数百万美元；数词用复数，且有of；这个句中的数目属于精确数目，6000本书。就应该表达成 six thousand books；不加of，数词也无复数。故选B。
5. （2019 ? 湖南省郴州市）Every year, __________ books are given away to the poor children in the countryside.
A. thousand B. thousands of C. thousand of
【答案】B
【解析】句意：每年，成千上万本书被捐给乡下的穷孩子们。A. thousand 千，前面有具体数字时用不能变复数；B. thousands of成千上万的；C. thousand of语法错误。根据题意这里表示约数用thousands of，thousands of books表示成千上万的书。根据题意，故选B。
6. （2019 ? 山东省滨州市）—Which month of the year do you like best?
—July, the __________ month, because summer vacation begin in this month.
seven B. six C. seventh D. sixth
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你最喜欢一年中的哪个月?——七月，第七个月，因为暑假在这个月开始。考查数词辨析。定冠词the修饰序数词，six和seven都是基数词，可排除。seventh第七，sixth第六；根据July（七月）可知选C。
7. （2019 ? 黑龙江省哈尔滨市）—We’ll?celebrate?the __________ National?Day?this?year.
—That’s?really?exciting。
A.?seventy B.?seventeen C.?seventieth
【答案】C
【解析】表示第几个节日、生日和纪念日需要用序数词。此处指我们今年将要庆祝第七十个国庆节。
8. （2019 ? 福建省中考）There __________ a large bowl of jiaozi on the table.
A. is B. are C. be
【答案】A
【解析】考查 there be 句型，该题主要考查主谓一致，a large bowl of jiaozi 为单数，故选 A。
9. （2019 ? 甘肃省兰州市）In the near future, there __________ self-driving cars in our city.
A. is B. was C. are D. will be
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在不久的将来，我们城市将有自动驾驶汽车。选项A、C为一般现在时；B为一般过去时；D为一般将来时。根据In the near future可知，本题考查there be结构的一般将来时。该结构有两种表达：there is going to be或there will be。分析选项可知，D正确。
10. （2019 ? 湖南省湘西州）—There _______ a book sale in our school. Would you like to have a look with me?
—Sure. I’d love to.
is B. have C. are
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——在我们学校有个图书特卖活动。你愿意和我一块去看看吗？——当然，我愿意去。there be句型表示某处有某物，有此句型不能有have，这个句型中be动词的就近原则，be动词取决于与之邻近的名词。名词是可数名词单数用is，其它情况用are。此题中名词a?book?sale?是可数名词单数，所以be动词用is。故选A。
11. （2019 ? 四川省凉山州）—What’s in the picture on the wall?
—There __________ a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.
has B. are C. is D. have
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——墙上的画里是什么？——有一个老师和一些学生在操场上正在踢足球。there be句型表示某地有某物，用此句型不能再由have；此句型有个就近原则，be动词的选择取决于与之挨着的名词。名词的可数名词单数或者是不可数名词的话就用is，是复数名词用are。根据句中的a?teacher可以判断be动词用is。故选C。
12. （2019 ? 贵州省安顺市）Nowadays, __________ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about __________ of them are adults.
A. the number of; four-fifths B. a number of; four-fifth
C. a number of; four-fifths D. the number of; four-five
【答案】 C
【解析】句意：如今，许多人更喜欢华为手机，其中约五分之四是成年人。考查介词短语和分数。1. the number of：……的数量，作主语，谓语动词使用单数；a number of：许多，大量的，修饰可数名词复数，它和可数名词作主语时，谓语动词使用复数；本句谓语动词like是复数，可知填a number of。2.分数表达法：基数词做分子，序数词做分母，当分子大于一，分母用复数，＂五分之四＂是four-fifths，故第二个空填four-fifths；故选C。
1. （重庆市2019年三模）There are __________ floors in Toby’s house. And his room is on the __________ floor.
A. three; two B. third; second C. third; two D. three; second
【答案】D
【解析】句意：Toby家有三层楼。他的房间在第二层。three三，是基数词；third第三，是序数词；two二，是基数词；second第二，是序数词。第一空修饰复数名词floors，故用基数词three。第二空修饰单数名词floor，故用序数词second。故选D。
2. （扬州市2019年三模）—Dad, about __________ of our classmates wear glasses.
—Oh, that’s terrible. You all should take good care of your eyes.
A. three fourth B. third fourth C. third fourths D. three quarters
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——爸爸，我们的同学大约有四分之三戴着眼镜。——哦，那太可怕了。你们都应该照顾好你们的眼睛。表示分数时，分母用序数词，分子用基数词，当分子大约一时，分子用复数形式，表示四分之一用one fourth或one quarter，表示四分之三用three fourths或three quarters，故选D。
3. （天津市2019年三模）__________ people come to the lost and found office every day.
A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of
【答案】D
【解析】句意：每天都有数百人来到失物招领处。hundred前面有具体数字时不用复数形式，与of连用时，hundred要用复数形式，表示不确定的数字，hundreds of数以百计的，故答案为D。
4. （山东2019年初三模）__________ visitors came to take photos of Hongyadong during the vacation.
A. Thousand B. Thousand of C. Thousands D. Thousands of
【答案】D
【解析】句意：成千上万的游客在度假期间来Hongyadong拍照。考查数词的用法。thousand前有具体数字时，用单数形式；如果没有具体数字时，用复数形式和of连用。结合本题语境，假期来Hongyadong参观的人肯定是指约数，意为成千上万的，所以根据以上分析应表达为thousands of表示成千上万的、数以千计的；故答案选D。
5. （天津市2019年三模）In the future people will live longer and more and more people will celebrate their __________ birthdays.
A. one hundred B. hundred C. hundreds of D. hundredth
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在未来，人们会活得更久，更多的人将庆祝他们的百岁生日。考查序数词。A. one hundred一百；B. hundred百；C. hundreds of数以百计的；D. hundredth第一百。根据In the future people will live longer and more and more people will celebrate their birthdays.可知句意为＂在未来，人们会活得更久，更多的人将庆祝他们的百岁生日。＂这里指的是＂第一百个＂生日，所以应用序数词形式，hundred的序数词为hundredth，故答案选D。
6. （天津市2019年初中毕业生学业考试）About __________ of the earth __________ covered with water, but we have less and less fresh water.
A. three-fourth; are B. three-fourths; is
C. three-fourth; are D. three-fourths; are
【答案】B
【解析】句意：地球上大约四分之三的部分被水覆盖，但是我们有越来越少的淡水。第一空处考查分数表达法，即＂分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母加s＂，three-fourths＂四分之三＂，排除A和C；分数或者百分数作主语，谓语动词单复数要根据of后的名词决定，根据of后的earth可知，用单数is，故选B。
7. （青岛市2019年初中学生学业水平模拟）The number of the students in my class __________ fifty. A large number of them __________ from the countryside.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们班学生的数量是50，他们中很多都来自农村。这个题目考查主谓一致，is用于主语为单数时；are用于主语是复数时。第一句话the number of….表示＂……的数量＂，谓语动词用单数；第二句话是a large number of…＂许多，大量＂，谓语动词用复数。故选A。
8. （济南市2019年二模）—Ann, when do you plan to go for your ten-day holiday?
—Next month. I’m going away on the __________ and coming back on the 12th.
first B. second C. third D. fourth
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——Ann，你计划什么时候去过你十天的假期？——下个月，我打算三号离开，12号回来。first第一；second第二；third第三；fourth第四。根据句意…go for your ten-day holiday可知，Ann的假期是10天，句中说到coming back on the 12th，12号回来，所以离开的日期应该是三号。故选C。
9. （江苏省2019年一模）Jim failed twice, but he wanted to have __________ try.
A. a second B. a third C. the second D. the third
【答案】B
【解析】句意：吉姆失败了两次，但是他想再试一次。考查序数词用法。A. a second再一；B. a third又一次；C. the second第二；D. the third第三。a +序数词是在前面数字的基础上再出现，而the序数词单指第几个。吉姆失败了两次，再一次用a third。故选B。
10. （江苏省2019年二模）_________ people attending the meeting is 2975 and about _________ are women.
A. A number of; one fourth B. The number of; one fourth
C. A number of; one fourths D. The number of; one fourths
【答案】B
【解析】句意：参加会议的人数是2975，大约四分之一是女性。A number of是大量、很多的意思，后接可数名词复数或代词，谓语动词用复数形式。The number of意思是……的数字/数目，介词of同其后名词构成介词短语，修饰the number，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。根据谓语is可知第一个空用The number of。?分数的表示是分子在前、分母在后。分子以基数（one， two， three）表示，分母以序数（first， second， third）等表示。分子超过1时，分母必须加上-s。所以第二个空填one fourth。故选B。