走向2020年中考英语考场第二轮复习 阅读理解 选择类型（1）—细节理解（含答案）

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走向2020年中考英语考场
《走向2020年中考英语考场第二轮复习》根据大纲和中考要求编写而成的。复习内容含“选择填空”，“完形填空”，“阅读理解”，“补全对话”，“书面表达”五部分。 根据每部分的复习内容，设计了《试题特点》、《考点归纳》、《解题思路》、《实例分析》、《能力检测》等栏目，旨在帮助考生掌握考试依据，把握中考脉动，认识命题技术，提升解题能力，做到科学备考。《能力检测》训练题主要从2019年中考英语试题中精选出来的 ，针对性强，并附有答案，供同学们查对，以求及时反馈与纠正。
第二轮复习

阅读理解 选择类型（1）—— 细节理解


中考阅读理解题中，细节题占有很大的比例。旨在考查学生对所读材料的基本信息的掌握和理解情况，一般只针对文章中某一特定细节，也可能涉及若干个细节。此类试题一般要可分为两种：一是直接理解题，答案可在原文中直接找到；二是间接理解题，答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文直接找到。
出题的方式主要有以下三种：
（1）问句式。多以特殊疑问句形式呈现。Who/What/Where/Which/When/How等是细节理解题的标志。问题主要涉及人物、时间、地点、原因、数字等。常见的命题形式有：
How did something happen?
What does/did somebody/something do?
(2) 排除式。这类题与是非题实际上同出一辙。用于询问文中所述事实的真实性或非真实性。一般含有“true 或not true”等词语。常见的命题形式有：
Which of the following statements is (not) TRUE?
Which of the following is NOT included in the passage?
(3) 不完整的陈述句式。要求考生选出的答案与题干构成的句子在意义上与原文内容相符。题干为不完整的陈述句部分，而选项为完形部分。常见的命题形式有：
People are looking for better ways to ____________________.
The reason why he did it was __________________________.

（1）问句式的细节理解题可采用“对号入座”的办法，即带着问题找句子。首先看文章后面的问题，确定每道题提问的中心，这样考生就可以带着问题去阅读文章，做到有的放矢。当读到有关解答提问中心的信息时，可以在原文信息下划线的同时，把问题的题号也标出来，便于节省时间和最后检查。在原文中找出提问中心的解答信息后，可把原文信息放到问题中去，与第一选项进行对照，与原文信息相符的那个选项，即是正确答案。
(2) 排除式的细节理解题其答案或是被排除在文章内容之外，或是只有正确答案包括在文章内容之中。因此，在解答时首先要仔细阅读题后的选项，牢记各个项目所阐述的不同内容。然后带着这些不同的内容去阅读原文。并逐一排除错误选项。
(3) 不完整的陈述句式的答案与原文在字面上有时差异很大，通常要找出与前句的内容在逻辑上的联系，因此答这类题时准确理解是关键。

1 Last month, some volunteers from Xi’an went to a middle school in the mountain area. They gave away 40 beds, 2 computers and hundreds of books to the students. The school lies deep in the mountains. Students have to live in the school. But the school was too poor to provide beds for them, so they had to sleep on the desks. Thanks to the volunteers, now the students can sleep on their own beds in the school.
2 The Zapps, from Argentina ( 阿根廷), began their tour in their old cars several years ago. They travelled to over 40 countries with four kids. Many people wondered what made them travel around the world. They said, “It’s just one dream, a big dream, from Argentina to the whole world. Thanks to those who supported us during our journey, our dream came true in the end.” Do you want to see your dream come true? If so, why not start right away?
3 Jack Tsonis and Lindsay Morrison in Sydney decided to do something special on the UN’s International Day of Peace. They both loved peace. They both wanted to break the world record for the longest handshake to bring more love and peace to the world. To break the world record, they needed to shake hands for over 11 hours without a stop. Finally they make it. Their arms hurt a lot, but they were very happy.
46. The volunteer gave away ____________to the students.
A. beds and computers
B. clothes and books
C. desks and beds
D. beds and bags.
47. What can we learn from the second story?
A. We can hardly travel around the world if we have an old car.
B. We can travel around the world if nobody helps us.
C. We should realize our dreams if we have lots of money.
D. We should start right away if we want to realize our dream.
48. Which is TRUE about the two men in the last story?
A. It took them less than 11 hours to break the world record.
B. They were happy though they didn’t break the world record.
C. Both of them loved peace.
D. They often shook hands
解析
本文是三则新闻，内容涉及西安的志愿者为处在深山的中学捐赠床、电脑和书；来自阿根廷的Zapps 一家周游40个国家；以及悉尼的Jack Tsonis and Lindsay Morrison在国际和平日当天，通过打破长时间握手纪录的方式给世界带来更多的爱和和平。
46. 由第一段第二句可知，赠送给他们的是40 beds, 2 computers and hundreds of books，答案为A。
47.根据最后一段Do you want to see your dream come true? If so, why not start right away? 可知答案为D。
48. 根据该段倒数第二行A选择中less than是错误的；Finally they make it.可知他们成功了，所以B是错误的；D无根据；根据They both loved peace，可知答案为C。

请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（一）
（2019年绍兴中考试题，保留原题号）
To help Japanese companies better deal with the increasing number of foreigners visiting the country, Panasonic has created a megaphone (扩音器) which is able to smartly translate Japanese into English, Chinese and Korean.
? ?? Panasonic named the product "Megahonyaku". It is a term for the Japanese words for "megaphone" and "translate", which actually makes g lot of sense because it's a megaphone that can translate Japanese into several other languages in real time. When a user speaks Japanese into the megaphone, it recognizes (辨认) and translates what is being said immediately, and outputs the words in English, Chinese or Korean.
? ?? It sounds amazing, and seeing it in action is wonderful, but Megahonyaku is not good enough. It cannot translate everything you say, as it only stores 300 common expressions, like "The train has been put off" or "Watch your step". However, the Japanese company behind Megahonyaku promises to add new expressions regularly, which users can get on the Internet.
? ?? The machine was designed to be used in places like transport stations, airports and places of interest where quick and exact announcements are needed most. Around 30 Japanese organizations, including the police and guides, have been trying out Megahonyaku for about one year, but Panasonic says it will come onto the market on December 20th. Instead of selling these speech translators, Panasonic plans on renting (出租) them out for less than $183 a month on a three-year agreement, and offering users future improvements and necessary services.
???Panasonic has also said that it may add support for other languages, like Russian, depending on customers' needs. Megahonyaku also includes a touch screen that allows users to choose the language they need their speech translated into.
1.Panasonic has produced Megahonyaku so that ________.
A.?guides can translate Chinese into Japanese faster
B.?Japanese companies can receive foreigners better
C.?foreigners can talk with the Japanese freely
D.?the Japanese can learn other languages easily
2.The third paragraph is mainly about the ________ of Megahonyaku.
A.?invention???????????????????????B.?importance???????????????????????C.?disadvantage???????????????????????D.?history
3.It can be learnt from Paragraph 4 that Megahonyaku ________.
A.?may be popular with the police
B.?is widely used in private homes
C.?will be sold on December 20th
D.?stores about 30 foreign languages
4.According to the passage, Panasonic will ________ in the future.
A.?sell Megahonyaku to foreign visitors
B.?bring down the price of Megahonyaku
C.?change the screen of Megahonyaku
D.?improve Megahonyaku regularly
（二）
（2019年北京中考试题，保留原题号）
Experiencing China
Mike, CanadaI spent three months with my host family(接待家庭) in China. It was a lifetime experience. I was able to experience Chinese living and culture, from basic Tai Chi to Beijing Opera. I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital. Now I have a better understanding of Chinese culture.

Joanna, AustraliaI stayed with my host family for five months. My host mother is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm-hearted. With her help, my Chinese has improved a lot. And I have got used to a new culture. My favorite part of the experience was sharing my feelings in China with her.

Bill, AmericaMy host mother is a wonderful cook! She makes me all kinds of traditional Chinese dishes. They are tasty and I like them very much. Just like me, my host parents love to learn about different cultures. They often ask me questions about life in America.

Cindy, GermanyRecently I took part in a program to study Chinese. I lived with a host family in China for six months. My host sister is a really hardworking student. It was amazing to see how she made progress in English. And a close relationship has developed between us.
21. Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital?
A. Mike. B. Joanna. C. Bill. D. Cindy.
22. How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China?
A. Three months. B. Four months.
C. Five months. D. Six months.
23. Cindy thinks her host sisters .
A. a wonderful cook B. a responsible doctor
C. a warm-hearted teacher D. a hardworking student
（三）
（2019年重庆中考试题A卷，保留原题号）
A young woman traveled and stayed in a hotel. All the rooms in the hotel were singles(单人间). So she lived in a single room.
Just when she was going to bed, there was a knock at the door. She had no friends in the city. So she was quite surprised but still opened the door.
The man who was standing at the door looked a little nervous. “Oh! I’m sorry. I thought this was my room,” the man said and walked away in a hurry.
The woman called the police at once. Soon, the man was caught. He was a thief(小偷)! But how did the the woman know that?
All the rooms in the hotel were singles. Who would knock at his own door if he was staying alone? Only a thief would do this. He wanted to see if anyone was inside before he broke into the room.
41. A young woman traveled and stayed ____.
A. in a hotel B. in a police office
C. in a park D. in her friend’s home
42. The man looked a little ____ when the woman opened the door.
A. happy B. nervous C. mad D. relaxed
43. The man knocked at the door to ____.
A. find his friend in the city B. stay alone
C. see if anyone was inside D. call the police
（四）
（2019年广州中考试题，保留原题号）
While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some students at White Cloud Primary School. They became the world's first kids to be “taught” by an electronic teacher. This electronic teacher is not a human-like robot walking around the classroom Instead, he is a computer-created head that appears, when needed, on students computer or phone screens. His name is Bill.
Created by technology company Smart Machines, Bill is able to show human-like behavior. He is designed to teach a special program about environmental-friendly power created by the sun and wind. This program, started in 2005, used to be taught by human teachers
Just like human teachers, Bill is able to immediately respond to the students' questions and opinions about the topic. Thanks to computer cameras, he is also able to see and react to students physical actions. For example, if a student smiles at Bill, he responds by smiling back. This two-way exchange helps get the students' attention. More importantly, it allows the program developers to improve Bills behavior and knowledge base when needed.
The program has been a great success, according to Smart Machines spokesman Robert Frost Frost says, "What is interesting to me is the children's reaction to Bill. He really captures their attention. "Frost thinks kids don't find the experience of being taught by smart machines as strange as older people because they have grown up in a time of computers and smart phones.
It is doubtful, however, that human educators will lose their jobs to Bill any time soon. For one,his talking head's knowledge base is not large. More importantly, even the smartest computer programs can't guess and react to all the unexpected situations that educators face daily. Bills future might be as a “personal tutor”, providing kids with one-on-one help for different subjects and topics.
41. What is Bill?
A. A human-like robot
B. A kind of computer game
C. A computer recording tool
D, A computer-created talking head
42. How does the two-way exchange help the program developers?
A. It lets them correct students’ mistakes
B. It allows Bill to respond more quickly
C. It helps them know how to improve Bill
D. It helps them study students’ body language
43. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refers to
A. kids
B. older people
C. smart machines
D program developers
44. What is Bill NOT good at doing?
A. Attracting students' attention
B Understanding body language
C. Responding to students’ questions
D. Dealing with unexpected situations
45. How might Bill be used in the future according to the last paragraph?
A. To work as human classroom teachers
B. To encourage students’ interest in computers
C. To give students personal help with different subjects
D.To watch over the behavior of the students in the classroom
（五）
（2019年长沙中考试题，保留原题号）

41．The Yum Restaurant stays open for _______ in total.
A．two hours B．three hours C．five hours
42．From the menu above, we know that _______.
A．bread and butter goes with starters
B．there are four kinds of different ice cream
C．the desserts are available for both lunch and dinner
（六）
（2019年哈尔滨中考试题，保留原题号）
The Volunteers for the Ice and Snow Festival
Item Name Jack Du Yue Mike Zhang Na
Age 25 28 31 28
Nationality American Chinese English Chinese
Job Coach Nurse Singer Tour guide
Personality Friendly Quiet Humorous outgoing
Volunteering experience(s) Helping during the City Art Festival in 2016 Volunteering at an animal hospital in 2013 and 2015 Teaching children music at school in the countryside working at an animal care centre twice










36. Jack helped during the City Art Festival ____.
A. in 2013 B. in 2015 C. in 2016
37. Mike is ____ Zhang Na.
A. three years older than B. as old as C. three years younger than
38. Du Yue and Zhang Na ___________.
A. have similar volunteering experiences
B. come from different countries
C. have the same personality
39.?If?someone?is?hurt?during?the?Ice?and?Snow?Festival, ____ may?be?the?most?suitable?to help.
A.?Jack B.?Du?Yue C.?Mike
40.?Which?of?the?following?is?TRUE?according?to?the?form(表格)?above?
A.?Mike?who?taught?children?music?is?humorous.
B.?The?two?girls?volunteered?at?the?Olympics.
C.?Jack?from?England?is?a?tour?guide.
（七）
（2109年江西中考试题，保留原题号）
This is the school timetable of Class One, Grade Three, Sunshine School on Monday.
8:00-10:00 am Technology In this lesson, students learn how to surf the Internet safely and effectively.
10:00-11:00 am Drama During this lesson, students will have the chance to act out roles with other students.
11:00-11:45 am Painting Students learn how to use watercolors properly. If the weather is good, the lesson may take place outdoors.
LUNCH
1:00-2:00 pm Science (Biology or chemistry) Students can choose which class to attend. In biology this week, students will learn about the bones in humans. In chemistry, the subject is How explosions happen.
2:00-3:45 pm SPORTS
2:00 pm Theory (理论) Students learn about the skills used in a certain sport. We see real action from past games on videos.
3:00 pm Practice Students will play a short match lasting 45 minutes. This week, the sports are soccer (for boys) and volleyball (for girls).
Homework Technology- the teacher will give students websites to look up (about 20 minutes)Drama- students have to learn a part for the next lesson (30-60 minutes)Biology/ chemistry- students have to write a report of the lesson (about 40 minutes)
What time does the drama lesson begin?
A. At 8:00 am. B. At 10:00 am. C. At 1:00 pm. D. At 2:00 pm.
How long does the science homework take?
A. At least 90 minutes. B. About 20 minutes.
C. More than 60 minutes. D. About 40 minutes.
63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the timetable?
A.Students always take their painting lessons outdoors.
B.Boy students will play a short soccer match this week.
C.Students will use skills in real games in the theory lesson.
D.Students learn how to fix computers in the technology class.
（八）
（2019年温州中考试题，保留原题号）
Hot Dog is popular. It's not a dog, but a cooked sausage in a long piece of bread. Here are some stories and facts about it from English websites.
HISTORY of Hot Dog The 1600sA German called Johann Georghehner created the "dachshund" sausage. "Dachshund" is a German small long thin dog.The 1860sThe very first hot dog - the "dachshund" sausage in a roll - was sold by Germans in New York. It became popular in the US later.1871Charles Feltman, a German, started the first Coney Island hot dog stand. It made hot dogs known to more people.1893Chris Von Der Ahe started the American tradition of eating hot dogs at baseball parks, making hot dogs more popular.1901A New York cartoonist. Tad Dorgan, saw the red hot "dachshund sausages sold on streets. He wanted to draw a picture of it, but he wasn't sure how to spell "dachshund, so he simply wrote "Hot Dog". It is widely believed how Hot Dog had its name.1949The first vegetarian hot dogs came out. HOT DOG FUN FACTSWorld record for eating hot dogs: 73 in ten minutes. Hot dogs were one of the first foods eaten on the moon ! About 150 million hot dogs are eaten by Americans each July 4th.About 21 million hot dogs were sold at American baseball parksin 2010.New Yorkers eat more hot dogs than any other city population in the US.
26. Americans started the tradition of eating hot dogs at baseball parks in ___________.
A 1871 B. 1893 C. 1901 D. 1949
27. It's believed that the name "Hot Dog" was created by _______________.
A. Tad Dorgan B. Charles Feltman
C. Chris Von Der Ahe D. Johann Georghehner
28. What can we know about hot dogs from the passage?
A. New Yorkers like eating hot dogs most in the world.
B. Germans eat about 150 million hot dogs each July 4th.
C. A world record says someone ate 73 hot dogs in 10 minutes.
D. About 21 million hot dogs were sold in America in the 1860s.

Key:
（一）1-4 BCAD (提示：1，3，4题为细节理解题）
（二）1-3 ACD （提示：1-3题为细节题）
（三）41-43 ABC (提示：41-43为细节题）
（四）41-45 DCADC （提示: 41, 42, 44, 45为细节题)
（五）41-42 CA (提示：41，42为细节题）
（六）36—40 CAABA （提示：36，37，38，40题为细节题）
（七）61-63 BDB （提示：61，62，63为细节题）
（八）26-28 BAC (提示：26，27，28为细节题）








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