人教版选修七Unit4 高中定语从句讲解及专项练习

定语从句讲解及巩固练习

一．辨析关系代词（that，which, who, whom, whose）

例题：1. This is the cave that/which we visited before.
解析：that/which指代先行词cave,在从句中充当宾语。

例题2：The project team that/which was formed by members from fifteen countries helped protect the national parks.
解析：that/which指代先行词project team，在从句中充当主语。

例题3：After listening to the scientists who/that had studied the problem, and citizens who/that lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.
解析：that/who指代先行词scientists和citizens,在从句中充当主语。

例题4：A good friend is a person to whom you can always talk.
解析：whom指代先行词person,在从句中充当talk to的宾语。

例题5：The boy whose leg was broken last month is Tom.
解析：whose指代先行词the boy’s,在从句中充当leg的定语。

例题6：The house whose roof is yellow is mine.
解析：whose指代先行词the house’s，在从句中充当roof的定语。

【归纳】
1. that既可以代指人也可以代指物，在从句中充当主语或者宾语。
2. which只能代指________,在从句中充当_______和____________。
3. who只能代指_________,在从句中充当______________。
4. whom只能代指_______,在从句中充当_______________。
5. whose既可以指代_________也可以指代___________,它的词性为形容词， 后面紧接名词，在从句中充当紧接在他后面的名词的定语。


【拓展】
1. 只能用that的情况
①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing,,little,few,much something someone
I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.

②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；
The first thing that you need to come up with is an idea for your club.


③先行词有the only, the very, any,the same , the last等词修饰；
This is the only thing that he can remember.

④先行词既有人又有物时。
I miss the teachers and the kindergarten that my parents think highly of.


2. 只能用which和whom不能用that的情况

【口诀】：that用法真有趣，俩个地方它不去
逗号之后它不去，介词之后不考虑

3. of which 与whose之间的转换

The house whose roof is yellow is mine.
=The house of which the roof is yellow is mine.

【巩固练习】
1. 单句改错
(1)This is the library who was built last year.
(2)Mr. Green is a teacher who classes are quite lively.
(3)There’s nothing which I can do.
(4)The girl with that I talked just now is my sister.
(5)This is the first gift which I have received.
(6)I’m the person with who you can always share everything.
(7)Scientists which are from 20 countries came together to discuss it.
(8) In the dark street，there wasn't a single person whom she could turn for help

【keys】(1)who----that (2)who----whose (3)which----that
(4) that----whom (5)which----that
(6)who---whom (7)which----whom
(8)whom前加to


2. 单句填空
（1）I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.
（2）Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?
（3）I’ll give you everything_____I have.
（4）They are talking about the school and the teachers_____they visited yesterday.
（5）This is the factory_______produces cars.
（6）This is the best gift _______I’ve ever received.
（7）The room of______ the wall is pink is my sister’s.
（8）All________I talked to you is true.

【keys】(1)that/which (2）that/which (3)that (4)that
(5)that/which (6)that (7)which (8)that



2．辨析关系副词when,where,why

例题1.There comes a time when the old must give way to the new.
解析：when指代先行词a time,在从句中充当时间状语。

例题2：This is the school where I used to study
解析：where指代先行词school,在从句中充当地点状语。

例题3.This is the reason why I didn’t show up yesterday.
解析：why指代先行词reason，在从句中充当原因状语。

【归纳】
when,where,why词性为副词，在从句中只能充当状语。
关系副词前不需要任何介词。


【拓展】

1.when=介词+which(介词可为in,on,at,during等)
This is the day when I came here. =This is the day on which I came here.

2.where=介词+which（介词可为in,on,at,to等）
This is the school where I used to study.=This is the school in which I used to study.

3.why=for which
This is the reason why he didn’t come.=This is the reason for which he didn’t come.

巩固练习

单句改错

1. This is the factory where we visited last week.
2. This is the watch for that Tom is looking.
3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.
4. The house in that we live is very small.
5.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town that he grew up as a child.
6.The place where interested me most is the Children’s Palace.
7.This is the reason why he gave us at the meeting.
8.I will never forget the time that we graduated form our university.

【keys】1.where----that 2.that----which 3.who----whom 4.that---where
5.that---where 6.where---that 7.why---that 8.that---when

单句填空
1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.
2. I'll never forget the day________?? we met each other last week.
3. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.
4.I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.
5. This is the school ______I used to study.
6. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?
7. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?
8. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.
9. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.

【keys】1.when 2.when 3.that/which 4.that/which
4.where 6.that/which 7.that/which 8.when 9.when

3. 辨析非限制性定语从句
【标志】主从句用逗号隔开，主从句关联性不强。
例句；I did quite well in the exam, which made my parents very satisfied.
解析：which指代前面整句话的内容，在从句中充当主语。

【注意】非限制性定语从句不能用引导词that，其余语法点除as以外无区别。

【as】as引导定语从句时的用法
1. as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。
例题. Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.

2. as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。常用下列句型: as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。

例题1. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.

例题2As is known to us all, China is a country with a long history of civilization

as 在引导非限定时 一般放句首或句尾，并有逗号隔开。而which引导的从句不放句首。

【巩固练习】

单句改错
1. Which is often the case, my mother has the final say in the argument .
2 The prices of houses, which is often reported, have been going up sharply in the past few months.
3 The Beatles, that many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
4.He had failed in the maths exam, that made his father very angry.
5. It is the third time that he has won the race, that has surprised us all.
6After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, that turned
out to be a wise decision.
7.What was reported, NCP had badly effected our life.
8.Last week we went to a zoo, at where we saw a lot of animals.

【keys】1.Which---as 2.which---as 3.that----as 4.that---which
5.that---which 6.that---which 7.What---As 8.at去掉/where---which


单句填空
1.Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.
2.Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _____is famous for the West Lake?
3.Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake?
4.Tom will go to Shanghai, ______live his two brothers.
5. I live in Beijing, ____is the capital of China.
6.He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south.
7.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.
8.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.
9._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.
10.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.

【keys】1.which 2.which 3.where 4.where 5.which
6.of which 7.which 8.which 9.As 10.which

【综合练习】
单句填空
1.We are trying to help those children _____ lost their parents .
2.Have you found the answer to the question ______I asked you this morning
3.Women _____ drink more than 2 cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ______ don’t.
4.He owns a little shop _ sells a lot of goods _______ are necessary to the people ______
are living nearby.
5.john is the boy________ legs were badly hurt in the accident.
6.Li Mei is the student _________ handwriting is the best in our class
7.Look?out!?Don’t?get?too?close?to?the?house______ roof?is?under?repair
8. A person ______email account is full won’t be able to send or receive any emails
9.we should do something ______ can help stop smoking
10.The first thing _____ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.
11. He is the only one of the workers ____ English in the factory.
12.I miss the teachers and the kindergarten __ my parents think highly of
13.Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ______ to produce the workings of his own hands.
14.We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, ______ we gave bells and glasses
15.he man pulled out a gold watch, ______ were made of small diamonds
16.Eric received training in computer for one year, ______ he found a job in a big company.
17.Alex asked the policeman ______ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident
18.The prices of houses, ________ is often reported, have been going up sharply in the past few months
19.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _______ uses it somewhat differently.
20.The school shop, _______ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.


单句改错

1.The days are gone which physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
2.When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house that I would be staying.
3.Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
4.Do?you?still?remember?the?chicken?farm where we?visited?three?months?ago
5. I refuse to accept the blame for something which was someone else’s fault.
6.The man pulled out a gold watch, that were made of small diamonds
7. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, that wanted to buy it
8. Remember that there is still one point that we must make clear at the conference tomorrow
9.We must reach a point that both sides will sit and reach the agreement
10. We need comrades which can help us.
11. The man who you saw yesterday was a doctor from Beijing.
12. This is our classroom , the windows of whom face the south.
13. I will never forget the day on when I first saw him.
14.This is the room where Lao Liu once lived in.
15.Do you still remember the day on that he joined the army？
16.The earth, which we all know, moves around the sun.
17.What is known to all， the earth is round.
18. He did not study hard，that led to his failure.
19. We have found such materials that are used in their factory.
20.They talked of the things and persons who they remembered in the school.