Unit 1 Living well
听力障碍会导致孩子语言发育迟缓。父母能否在早期发现孩子有听力问题，对孩子的发育成长至关重要。下面让我们一起分享一对有听力障碍的姐妹的经历吧！
People Living with a Disability
Susan has a sister, Annie, who is 18 months older than her. While Annie’s mother was pregnant(怀孕的) with Susan, their uncle came to town for a visit. During the visit, their uncle was quick to notice that Annie did not seem to be talking at an age appropriate level or to respond when called upon.Annie would also turn up the volume(音量) of the television and radio when others could hear it without difficulty.
Annie’s parents thought that her speech development and behavior were normal for a toddler, but thanks to the uncle, who expressed his concerns, the family soon took action. A hearing test found that Annie was hard of hearing. Due to Annie’s diagnosis(诊断), Susan received a hearing test at birth and was found to be hard of hearing as well. Otherwise, Annie’s hearing loss might have possibly gone on longer
without being detected, and Susan would most likely not have had a hearing test at birth.
As a result of their early diagnoses, Susan and Annie’s parents were able to gain the knowledge they needed to make sure both of their children could reach their full potential in life. They had access to early services from a team of physicians, speech therapists, counselors(顾问), and teachers. Susan owes her success to her parents, saying that she couldn’t have made it without their support and patience.
Today, Susan is employed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) as an epidemiologist with the agency’s Early Hearing Detection and Intervention(EHDI) program. All children who are deaf or hard of hearing receive necessary services they need with the aid of the EHDI program. When children who are deaf or hard of hearing receive services early, they are more likely to reach their full potential and live a healthy and productive adult life.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.eyesight n． 视力
2.outgoing adj. 外向的；友好的；外出的；
离开的
3.clumsy adj. 笨拙的
4.fellow adj. 同伴的；同类的
n. 同伴；同志；伙伴
5.conduct n. 行为；品行
vt. 指挥；管理；主持
6.firm n. 公司
adj. 结实的；坚固的；坚定的
拓展词汇
7.disability n．伤残；无力；无能→disabled adj.伤残的
8.ambition n．雄心；野心→ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的
9.suitable adj.适合的；适宜的→suit v．适合
10.beneficial adj.有益的；受益的→benefit vt.有益于 n．益处；好处
11.absence n．缺席；不在某处→absent adj.缺席的
12.adapt vt.使适应；改编→adaptable adj.能适应的；能适用的；改编的→adaption n．改编
13.annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼→annoyed adj.颇为生气的→annoying adj.令人不悦的→annoyance n．烦恼
14.encouragement n．鼓励；奖励→encourage vt.鼓励→encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的
15.psychology n．心理(学)→psychological
adj.心理(学)的；精神上的→psychologically
adv.心理(学)地；精神上地
阅读词汇
16.dictation n． 口授；听写(的文字)
17.entry n. 项目；进入；入口
18.bench n. 长凳
19.microscope n. 显微镜
20.parrot n. 鹦鹉
21.tank n. (盛液体、气体的)大容器；缸；大桶
22.tortoise n. 陆龟；龟
重点短语
1.in__other__words 换句话说
2.adapt__to 适合
3.cut__out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)
4.out__of__breath 上气不接下气
5.all__in__all 总而言之
6.sit__around 闲坐着
7.as__well__as 和；也
8.in__many__ways 在很多方面
9.make__fun__of 取笑
10.at__a__time 一次
重点句型
1.“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语：Unfortunately，the doctors don’t know how__to__make__me__better(如何治好我的病)，but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.
2.too...to...太……而不能……：Sometimes, too, I was too__weak__to__go__to__school(太虚弱而不能去上学) so my education suffered.
3.every time引导时间状语从句：Every__time__I__returned(每一次我返回后) after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others.
4.现在分词短语作伴随状语：I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling__sorry__for__myself(顾影自怜).
5.as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as...：Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to__live__as__rich__and__full__a__life__as__you__do(像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满).
Fast?reading
Skim the text and do the following exercises.
1．What is the passage mainly about?
A．How Marty achieves a lot.
B．How Marty lives a rich and full life even though he is disabled.
C．How people ignore the disabled.
D．How Marty’s disability helps him grow stronger.
答案：B
2．Read the text and then match the main idea with each paragraph.
Paragraph 1 A．How Marty’s life has become easier.
Paragraph 2 B．Marty met a lot of difficulties at school.
Paragraph 3 C．The advantages of Marty’s disease.
Paragraph 4 D．An introduction to Marty and his disease.
Paragraph 5 E．How Marty’s disability developed.
答案：DEBAC
Careful?reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Marty got the muscle disease when he was born.
B．Marty looks different from others.
C．Most of Marty’s fellow students have accepted him at high school.
D．Marty wants the healthy children to feel sorry for him.
2．What kind of disease does Marty have?
A．He has a mental disease.
B．He has an infection.
C．He has a muscle disease.
D．He has an eye disease.
3．What can we infer from the story?
A．Marty’s life is full of challenges.
B．Marty isn’t confident enough.
C．Marty loses heart because of his disability.
D．Marty hopes that everyone can help him.
4．Marty seems to be a fairly ________ person who is realistic about his disability and considers he has a good life.
A．positive B．negative
C．objective D．subjective
答案：1－4.CCAA
Study?reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．I think I had at least a billion tests, including one in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope.
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②I think后跟的是一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句。
③in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词one(代指test)。
[翻译] 我想我做过无数次检查了，包括有一次检查，他们从我的腿部切下一小块儿肌肉，放在显微镜下观察。
2．So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh，when I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs.
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh是主句；when引导时间状语从句。
③在when引导的从句中，连词or和and分别连接两个并列谓语。
[翻译] 当我跑很短的一段路之后，我就会喘不过气来，或者爬楼梯才爬到一半就得停下来休息，因此上小学时有的孩子会嘲笑我。
3．Every time I returned after an absence，I felt stupid because I was behind the others.
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②I felt stupid是主句，Every time在句中起连词的作用，意为“每次，每当”，引导时间状语从句。
③because引导原因状语从句。
[翻译] 每次缺课之后返校，我就觉得自己很笨，因为我比别人落后了。
4．If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying.
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②If引导条件状语从句。
③主句中动名词短语(having a disability)作主语。
[翻译] 如果我有机会对健康的孩子们讲一句话，那么，这句话就是：身体残疾并不意味着生活不美满。
①one in a million万里挑一的人(或物)；不同寻常的人(或物)
②in other words换句话说
in one/a word 总之
③in addition另外；还有(单独用，作状语)
in addition to＋宾语
除……之外还有
④clumsy['kl?mz?]adj.笨拙的
⑤bump[b?mp]vi.碰撞；撞击
bump into撞上
⑥furniture n．[U]家具
⑦outgoing['a?tɡ????]adj.
外向的；友好的；外出的；离开的
⑧adapt to适合
adapt[?'d?pt]vt.使适应；改编
⑨motto n．箴言，格言
⑩at a time一次，每次
at one time曾经
at no time在任何时候都不，决不
?used to(do)过去常常(做)
?dream about doing sth.
梦想做某事
?represent vt.代表；展示；描绘
?“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”
?bench[bent?]n.长凳
?in the end最后，最终
?cut out切去；省略；停止(做某事)
cut off 切断(水、电、煤气等)
cut down砍倒，削减
cut up切碎
cut in插嘴
?microscope['ma?kr?sk??p]n.显微镜
?out of breath上气不接下气
?suffer v．变差；受难，受苦；遭受；蒙受
absence['?bs?ns]n.缺席；不在某处
反义词：presence n．出席；在场
a lot在此处为程度副词短语，修饰比较级easier。
用来修饰形容词或副词比较级的程度副词(短语)还有much, even, still, far, by far等。
fellow['fel??]adj.同伴的；同类的n.同伴；同志；伙伴
annoyed[?'n??d]adj.颇为生气的
annoy[?'n??]vt.使……不悦；惹恼
ignore vt.不理会；忽视
all in all总而言之
after all 毕竟
above all最重要的是
ambition[?m'b??n]n.雄心；野心
ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的
firm[f??m]n.公司
adj.结实的；坚固的；坚定的
software['s?ftwe?]n.软件
sit around(＝sit about)
闲坐着
as well as和；也
置于句首，后接动词时，要用动名词形式。
parrot['p?r?t]n.鹦鹉
tank[t??k]n.(盛液体、气体的)大容器；缸；大桶
tortoise['t??t?s]n.陆龟；龟
worthwhile adj.值得的
多作表语、定语或宾补。
It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.值得做某事
in many ways在很多方面
psychologically
[?sa?k??l?d??kl?]adv.心理(学)地；精神上地
psychology[sa?'k?l?d??]n.心理(学)
independent adj.独立的；独立于……的；不受……
支配/影响的
live/lead a．..life过……
的生活
make fun of取笑
近义短语：play tricks on捉弄
encouragement
[?n'k?r?d?m?nt]n.鼓励；奖励
MARTY’S STORY
Hi，my name is Marty Fielding and I guess you could say that I am “one in a million①”．In other words②， there are not many people like me. You see, I have a muscle disease which makes me very weak, so I can’t run or climb stairs as quickly as other people. In addition③， sometimes I am very clumsy④and drop things or bump⑤ into furniture⑥. Unfortunately, the doctors don’t know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing⑦ and have learned to adapt to⑧my disability. My motto⑨ is：live one day at a time⑩.
◆You see“你瞧，你知道”，在句中作插入语。
◆which makes me very weak是which引导的定语从句，修饰a muscle disease。
◆how to make me better是“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，在句中作know的宾语，其中make me better是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
Until I was ten years old I was the same as everyone else. I used to?climb trees, swim and play football. In fact, I used to dream about playing? professional football and possibly representing?my country in the World Cup. Then I started to get weaker and weaker?，until I could only enjoy football from a bench?at the stadium.In the end? I went into hospital for medical tests.I stayed there for nearly three months. I think I had at least a billion tests，including one in which they cut out? a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope?. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds．
◆in which they cut out...是in which引导的定语从句，which修饰one (指代test)。
◆it...holds中，it是形式主语，to know...是真正的主语，其中what the future...是what引导的宾语从句。
One problem is that I don’t look any different from other people. So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh, when I got out of breath? after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered?. Every time I returned after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others.
◆that引导表语从句，that起连接作用，不充当句子成分。
◆too weak to go是too...to...结构，意为“太……而不能……”。
◆every time意为“每次……，每当……的时候”，作连词用，引导时间状语从句，从句也可以置于主句之后。
My life is a loteasier at high school because my fellowstudents have accepted me. The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignorethem. All in all I have a good life. I am happy to have found many things I can do, like writing and computer programming. My ambitionis to work for a firmthat develops computer softwarewhen I grow up. Last year I invented a computer football game and a big company has decided to buy it from me. I have a very busy life with no time to sit aroundfeeling sorry for myself．As well asgoing to the movies and football matches with my friends, I spend a lot of time with my pets. I have two rabbits, a parrot, a tankfull of fish and a tortoise. To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile. I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while.
◆who cannot see...是who引导的定语从句，修饰The few。
◆动词不定式的完成式to have done表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
◆My ambition...grow up.是“主＋系＋表”结构。其中，to work...作表语；that develops...是that引导的定语从句，修饰a firm; when I grow up是when引导的时间状语从句。
◆feeling sorry for myself“顾影自怜”，在句中作伴随状语。
◆动词不定式短语To look after my pets properly作主语。To do sth.takes sb.some time. 常用It takes sb.some time to do sth.替换。
◆find it worthwhile是“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent.I have to work hard to live a normal lifebut it has been worth it. If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this：having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying. So don’t feel sorry for the disabled or make fun ofthem, and don’t ignore them either. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragementto live as rich and full a life as you do．
◆If I had...it would be...表示与现在或将来事实相反的虚拟语气。
◆动名词短语having a disability在句中作主语。
◆动词不定式短语to live...在本句中作定语，修饰encouragement。“as＋形容词＋a(n)＋可数名词单数＋as”意为“像……一样”。
Thank you for reading my story.
马蒂的故事
你好，我叫马蒂·菲尔丁。我想你可能会说我是“万里挑一”的那种人。换句话说，像我这样的人并不多见。你瞧，我的肌肉有毛病，这使我的身体非常虚弱，所以我不能像别人那样快跑或快步爬楼梯。另外，有时候我还会笨手笨脚、不小心摔掉东西，或磕碰到家具上。不幸的是，医生们不知道如何治好我的病，但是我很开朗乐观，学会了适应身体的残疾。我的座右铭是：活一天算一天。
10岁以前，我跟其他人是一样的。 我过去常常爬树、游泳、踢足球。事实上，我过去常常梦想我会成为职业球员，可能代表我的国家参加世界杯足球赛。后来，我的身体开始变得越来越虚弱，以至于我只能坐在体育场的长凳上欣赏足球了。最后我到医院去做了检查，住了将近三个月的院。我想我做过无数次检查了，包括有一次检查，他们从我的腿部切下一小块儿肌肉，放在显微镜下观察。即使做过了所有这些检查，也没有人能够确诊这个病。因此，很难知道将来会是什么样子。
问题是我看上去跟其他人一样。当我跑很短的一段路之后，我就会喘不过气来，或者爬楼梯才爬到一半就得停下来休息，因此上小学时有的孩子会嘲笑我。有时候我的身体太虚弱，上不了学，因此落下了许多功课。每次缺课之后返校，我就觉得自己很笨，因为我比别人落后了。
我在高中时期的生活(比在小学时)要轻松多了，因为我的同学已经接受了我的状况。少数同学看不到我的内心世界，但是我并不生气，只是不去理会他们。总而言之，我生活得很好。我很高兴我能做许多事情，比如写作和电脑编程。我的志向是长大后在开发电脑软件的公司里工作。去年我开发了一个电脑足球游戏，有一家大公司已经决定从我这儿买走它。我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。除了同我的朋友们一起去看电影和足球比赛外，我还花很多时间和我的宠物们在一起。我有两只兔子、一只鹦鹉、一缸鱼和一只乌龟。我得花大量时间来照顾这些宠物，但我觉得很值得。此外，我还有很多功课要做，特别是在病了一段时间之后。
在许多方面，我身体的残疾倒使我心理上变得更加坚强、更加独立。我必须努力才能过上正常的生活，但这是值得的。如果我有机会对健康的孩子们讲一句话，那么，这句话就是：身体残疾并不意味着生活不美满。因此，不要感到残疾人可怜，或者取笑他们，也别不理睬他们。要接受他们，给他们鼓励，让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。
谢谢你们读我的故事。
阅读理解
A
Youth sports have become a big business in the United States, and have taken on a much more professionalized form over the past decade. In previous generations, children spent a large part of their leisure time playing throughout their neighborhoods. Today’s children, on average, are spending much less time on unstructured settings and much more time on activities arranged by adults.
In a new study, we asked 100 undergraduate and graduate students to complete a very detailed “childhood leisure activities survey”， which asked them to reflect on hours spent in various leisure activities during their school?age years. We also asked these same participants to complete the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults (ATTA), a widely?used creativity test that required them to draw and write in four creative activities. We then analyzed the relationship between the participants’ childhood leisure activities and their performance on the ATTA.
We found that informal sports played in unstructured, unsupervised(无人监督的) environments have many notable elements. These environments offer children the freedom to self?govern, create rules, solve problems and deal with social conflicts on their own terms. Organized sports, on the other hand, tend to focus on obedience, learning from models, and a number of other qualities that would be unlikely to be beneficial to creative development.
In fact, those with “above?average” creativity reported spending 15% of their total childhood leisure time playing informal sports versus 13% playing organized sports. The participants with “below?average” creativity spent only 10% of their childhood leisure time playing informal sports versus 22% on organized sports. The difference is encouraging. It suggests that parents interested in developing the creativity of children don’t have to necessarily quit traditional organized sports.They simply need to be aware of the importance of a balanced distribution(分配) of their children’s time between organized and unstructured settings.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。青少年体育运动逐渐从随意变得更有组织性。但研究表明，非正式的运动对青少年的发展更有益处，更利于培养他们的创造力。
1．We can learn from the first paragraph that youth sports________.
A．have limited types
B．were less popular in the past
C．are becoming more organized
D．help improve school performance
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的have taken on a much more professionalized form及are spending...much more time on activities arranged by adults可知，青少年体育运动变得更有组织性、更正规了。
2．The new study results imply that informal youth sports________.
A．require responsible educators
B．help children learn to follow rules
C．make it hard to develop social skills
D．contribute to students’ overall development
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的These environments offer children...create rules, solve problems and deal with social conflicts...可知，非正式体育运动有益于学生进行自我管理、创建规则、解决问题和社会冲突，即能促进学生的全面发展。
3．What can be the best title for this passage?
A．Sports Are Not Always Beneficial
B．Informal Sports Benefit Children’s Creativity
C．The Disadvantages of Formal Youth Sports
D．Creative Ways to Improve Children’s Health
B 解析：标题归纳题。文章主要通过一项研究分析了非正式体育运动对青少年发展尤其是创造力培养的促进作用。
B
Could the answer to mobility problems one day be as easy as putting on a pair of trousers? A research team at Bristol University has recently unveiled a pair of robotic trousers that could help some disabled people walk without other assistance.
The so?called “Right Trousers” use soft artificial muscles as well as the wearer’s real muscles. The artificial muscles mimic(模仿) human muscles in producing a force simply by becoming shorter and pulling on both ends. By bundling several artificial muscles together, the assistive trousers can move a joint such as the knee, and help the user with actions such as standing up from a chair. By using existing muscles and by passing the brain, the assistive trousers can even command muscles that the wearers might have difficulty using on their own.
Because the artificial muscles are easy to stretch and soft, they are safer than traditional motors used in robotic structures that, although powerful, are solid and uncomfortable. The plastic knee braces(护膝) of the trousers also allow the knee to move or lock in position to maintain standing without much effort needed by the muscles.
The Right Trousers combine advanced research with well?established techniques in a single prototype(原型). Aside from the originality of robotic trousers, what makes the device so compelling as a practical assistive technology is the fact that it can be adapted to many different users. This raises the hope that it could be widely adopted where other previous efforts have failed.
However, this is only the prototype. A working product is probably at least five years away and significant questions must be answered to get to that stage. Where will it store all the power it needs? How can all the systems be embedded(嵌入) in the trousers so they don’t become bulky and awkward to wear? Can the controller predict the best action to take amid the ever?changing complexity of real environments where users will be walking?
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种可以帮助残疾人和行动不便的人便于行动的机械裤子。
4. The Right Trousers can work by________.
A．sending signals to human brains
B．analyzing people’s movement habits
C．creating movement on the human body
D．replacing the functions of most human muscles
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的producing a force simply by becoming shorter...can move a joint such as the knee, and help the user with actions...可知，这种机械裤通过刺激肢体动作来发挥作用。
5．According to Paragraph 3, the Right Trousers are unique in that they are ________.
A．lightweight B．flexible
C．powerful D．inexpensive
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的the artificial muscles are easy to stretch and soft...although powerful, are solid and uncomfortable...allow the knee to move or lock in position...可知，与传统的类似辅助器械器材相比，这种机械裤的特点是更灵活。
6．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “compelling” in Paragraph 4?
A．Common. B．Strange.
C．Attractive. D．Intelligent.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的Aside from the originality of robotic trousers及it can be adapted to many different users.This raises the hope...可知，这种机械裤因其创新性和广泛适用性而十分吸引人。
7．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about?
A．The achievements in robot design.
B．The problems lie in artificial muscles.
C．The public comments on the Right Trousers.
D．The remaining challenges of the Right Trousers.
D 解析：段落大意题。第五段主要介绍了这种机械裤目前待解决的问题。
C
The first time we hear something new, a foreign sound or word—even an unknown word in our own languages—something in it may cause delight or dislike.
Often with familiar words, it’s almost impossible to simply look at one without considering its meaning. Words like “putrid” or “disgusting” have unpleasant implications already built into our subconscious(潜意识). However, when we learn a new language, we encounter words free of associations in our mind.
The British linguist David Crystal conducted some research to learn about what makes certain sounds beautiful, and noted that the most popular words have positive implications—no surprises there. But what’s interesting is what these words have in common: two or three syllables(音节), short vowels, common sounds such as /l/, /s/ and /m/. None of these sounds require much energy or effort to be pronounced, so they lead to natural tones. Some examples are: autumn, melody, lullaby, velvet, whisper, caress.
Sounds that British students struggled with at the start of the course —/θ/，/x/，/r/ and /t?/— because they are rare or do not exist in their mother tongue, became more popular by the end of the year. If we effectively take control of a word, it becomes a word we like to say and hear. The process thus brings new “love” for words with originally tricky(棘手的) elements.
There are also words which students used to find challenging but finally have grown confident using with the kind of pride that arises from knowledge, hard work and learning, regardless of the words’ meanings. This is particularly obvious in the example of “desafortunadamente”， which means “unfortunately” in Spanish. The word has obvious negative implications, but learners are more likely to experience disassociation with a word from its meaning, which rarely happens in their mother tongue. Speakers of a new language can therefore enjoy a word on its own value, disregarding its implications.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了人们对一些词语产生好恶感的原因。
8．Our feeling about a familiar word is mainly based on its________.
A．usage B．sound
C．meaning D．origin
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的it’s almost impossible to simply look at one without considering its meaning...unpleasant implications already built into our subconscious(潜意识)．可知，我们对熟悉的词的感觉取决于其意义。
9．Words that might be considered beautiful often________.
A．are related to nature
B．are easy to pronounce
C．remind people of strength
D．have different implications
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的two or three syllables(音节)．..None of these sounds require much energy or effort to be pronounced...可知，一些被认为很优美的单词都易于发音。
10．The last paragraph suggests that learners of a new language________.
A．prefer learning difficult words slowly
B．may separate words from their meanings
C．should avoid mother?tongue thinking habits
D．had better start reading before learning words
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的the kind of pride that arises from knowledge, hard work and learning, regardless of the words’ meanings及but learners are more likely to experience disassociation with a word from its meaning, which rarely happens in their mother tongue. Speakers of a new language can therefore enjoy a word on its own value, disregarding its implications.可知，学习新语言时，学习者会将单词和其意义分开看待。
七选五
Thank－you cards are cards which are sent with an expression of thanks. Sending thank－you cards is a cornerstone of etiquette(礼仪). 1.________ And they will be more likely to offer gifts, services, and other things in the future when they have been thanked with a formal written card.
It is a good idea to include a hand－written note in a thank－you card, as this indicates that the card is being sent as a serious expression of appreciation, rather than as a duty. A typical note explains the reason why the card is being sent, often with a discussion of why the gift or service was appreciated.2.________
For example, a thank－you card sent to a grandparent after a birthday might read, “Dear Grandmother: 3.________ The money will come in handy to buy some books. It was very nice to see you at my party, and I hope that I’ll see you again soon. Thank－you again, grandchild.”
A formal written thank－you card is considered basic politeness, and children are often taught to write it at a very young age. 4.________Many businessmen also regularly send thank－you cards to clients, especially new clients, to make them feel welcome and appreciated.
5．________ Card?printing kits(工具箱) are readily available in stationary stores, and people can also make cards with their own cardstock. Handmade cards are sometimes greatly appreciated, and they can be a great option for people who do not have a lot of money to spend on thank－you cards.
A．It is possible to make one’s own thank－you cards.
B．In fact, people greatly appreciate receiving such cards.
C．Begin with the two most important words: Thank you.
D．This way they can develop the habit of thanking others.
E．I look forward to seeing you at my birthday party next month.
F．Thank you very much for the birthday greetings and the check.
G．And it ends with an expression of thanks and the sender’s name.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了感谢卡及其用途。
1．B 解析：此空设于段中，与前一句存在指代关系。该项中such cards指的就是前一句中的thank－you cards，且与后一句中的when they have been thanked with a formal written card呼应。
2．G 解析：此空设于段尾，与前一句内容存在并列关系，说明感谢卡以表示感谢和发送者的名字结束，且根据下一段的例子也可知答案。
3．F 解析：此空设于段中，承上启下。根据后文内容可知，生日聚会已经举办过了，故第一句需感谢祖母的生日问候及礼物。后文The money与该项中的the check相呼应。
4．D 解析：此空设于段中，承接上文。孩子们在很小的时候就被教会写感谢卡，这样可以培养他们感恩他人的习惯。
5．A 解析：此空设于段首，是本段主题句。本空后面的内容主要讲的是自己手工制作感谢卡更有意义，还可以省钱，这些内容是对该主题句的具体阐释。
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Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
ambition n．[U]雄心；野心 [C]追求的目标；夙愿
(教材P1)Her ambition is to become part of the national team for the next Paralympic Games.
她的志向是成为国家队的一员，参加下一届残奥会。
(1)have an ambition to do sth. 有做某事的夙愿
realize/achieve one’s ambition 实现某人的抱负
(2)ambitious adj. 有雄心的；有野心的
①Although disabled, he has always had an ambition to set up his own business after graduation from college.
尽管残疾， 但他一直有大学毕业后创办自己的事业的抱负。
②As far as I know, Li Hua, Chairman of Students’ Union, is determined to achieve his ambition.
据我所知，学生会主席李华决心实现他的抱负。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The little girl is ambitious(ambition) for success and always studies hard.
②Because of his poor eyesight, the young man didn’t realize his ambition(ambitious)．
suitable adj.适合的；适宜的
(教材P1)Although some may think the cinema is noisy, it is suitable for Sally’s condition.
尽管有人可能认为电影院里太吵了，但它很适合萨莉的情况。
(1)be suitable for 适合于
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
(2)suit v. 适合，使适宜
n. 一套衣服；套装
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Having been a responsible volunteer for many times in China, I believe that I’m the suitable person that you want.
在中国我做过许多次负责任的志愿者，我相信我是你想要的合适人选。
②The vehicles have been modified to suit conditions in the desert.
车辆已经被改装过用来适应沙漠的环境。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I am good at spoken English, therefore, I hold the firm belief that I am suitable for the post.
②The young man isn’t suitable to__do(do) the job, because he has no patience.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2019·江苏卷)李江和苏华在关于欢迎英国学生时穿什么服装意见不一。李建议穿传统的中国服装，而苏则认为校服更合适。
Li Jiang and Su Hua don’t agree on what to wear when greeting the British students. Li suggests traditional Chinese clothes while Su thinks the__school__uniforms__are__more__suitable.
beneficial adj.有益的；受益的
(经典例句)He has got into a good habit of reading in his spare time, which is beneficial to him.
他养成了业余时间读书的好习惯， 这对他有益。
(1)be beneficial to... 对……有益
(2)benefit v．& n. 有助于；受益；利益；好处
be of great benefit to...＝be very beneficial to...
对……很有益
for the benefit of... 为了……的利益
(3)benefit from 得益于；从……中受益
①As a matter of fact, music education is beneficial and important for all the students.
事实上， 音乐教育对所有的学生都有益而且很重要。
②As we all know，books are the source of knowledge，from which I benefit a lot.
我们都知道，书籍是知识的源泉，我从中获益匪浅。
[即学即练]——一句多译
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)了解中国的餐桌礼仪对你很有益。
①Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will__benefit__you__greatly. (benefit vt.)
②Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will__be__of__great__benefit_
_to__you. (benefit n．)
③Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will__be__very__beneficial__to__you．
(beneficial adj.)
in other words 换句话说，也就是说(＝that is to say)
(教材P2)In other words，there are not many people like me. 换句话说，像我这样的人并不多见。
in a word 总之；简言之
keep one’s word 遵守诺言
break one’s word 失信；不守诺言
have a word with... 与……谈一谈
①He has achieved his aim. In other words, his ambition has come true.
他已经实现了他的目标。也就是说，他的抱负实现了。
②In a word, my life will be much richer and more colorful.
总之， 我的生活将会更富裕、 更多彩。
[即学即练]——用word 的相关短语填空
①I don’t feel at ease staying with him. In__other__words,__it’s uncomfortable for me to stay with him.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) In__a__word,__I have the confidence that I’ll be a qualified volunteer.
③Once you have made a promise, you should keep__your__word,__or no one will trust you.
④He has broken__his__word so many times that I cannot trust him any more.
adapt vt.使适应；改编
(经典例句)Moreover, by doing the part－time job I can get some precious experience so that I can better adapt to the development and changes of society.
此外，通过做兼职工作，我可以获得一些宝贵的经验，因此我能更好地适应社会的发展和变化。
(1)adapt (oneself) to... 使(自己)适应/习惯于……
(2)adapt...from... 根据……改写/改编
adapt...for... 改编/改作……之用
(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本
①In a word, you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the new surroundings soon.
总之，欢迎你来我们学校并希望你能很快适应新环境。
②As far as I know, the TV play is adapted from a true story.
据我所知，这部电视剧改编自真人真事。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Work hard, otherwise you would find it hard to adapt to life in the future.
②After graduation from college, I gradually adapted myself to living(live) on my own.
[能力提升]——微写作
③她不仅已经适应了新的生活环境，而且变得越来越开朗。
She has__not__only__adapted__to__the__new__living__conditions，but she is becoming more and more outgoing.
cut out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)
(教材P2)I think I had at least a billion tests, including one in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope.
我想我做过无数次检查了，包括有一次检查，他们从我的腿部切下一小块儿肌肉，放在显微镜下观察。
cut down 砍倒；削减
cut in 插话
cut off 切断(……的供应)；切掉；隔断
cut up 切碎
①I cut out a good article from a newspaper yesterday.
昨天我从报纸上剪下一篇好文章。
②The doctor advised me to cut out smoking and drinking.
医生建议我戒烟戒酒。
[即学即练]——用cut的相关短语填空
①When Jason failed to pay his bill, the network company cut__off his Internet connection.
②It is bad manners for you to always cut__in when other people are talking.
③When you give a speech, you’d better cut__out unimportant details.
out of breath 上气不接下气
(教材P2)So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh, when I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs.
当我跑很短的一段路之后，我就会喘不过气来，或者爬楼梯才爬到一半就得停下来休息，因此上小学时有的孩子会嘲笑我。
(1)hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
catch one’s breath 屏气，歇一口气
take a deep breath 深呼吸
lose one’s breath 喘不过气来
(2)breathe v. 呼吸
①Running all the way to school，Mary was out of breath when she reached her classroom.
一路奔跑去学校，玛丽到达教室时上气不接下气。
②We all held our breath while our teacher announced the exam results.
当我们的老师宣布考试成绩时，我们都屏住呼吸。
[即学即练]——用breath的相关短语填空
①They reached the company out__of__breath,__only to be told they were fired.
②Take__a__deep__breath,__and then you may feel relaxed.
③While climbing up the stairs, the old man always loses__his__breath．
④The race was so close that everyone was holding__their__breath at the finish.
absence n．缺席，不在某处
(经典例句)I would appreciate it if you could take care of my garden during my absence.
当我不在时如果你能帮我照看花园，我将非常感激。
(1)during/in one’s absence＝in the absence of sb.
当某人不在的时候
absence of mind 心不在焉
(2)absent adj. 缺席的，不在的
be absent from 缺席，不在
①The important document was stolen in the absence of the chairman.
主席不在时，重要文件被偷了。
②They decided on the date and place of the party during my absence.
我不在时，他们决定了聚会的日期和地点。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①It was his absence(absent) of mind during driving that resulted in a terrible accident.
②I’m writing to explain to you the reason why I was absent(absence) from your lecture last time.
annoyed adj.颇为生气的
(教材P2)The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignore them.
少数同学看不到我的内心世界，但是我并不生气，只是不去理会他们。
(1)be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气
be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事而生气
(2)annoy vt. 使不悦；惹恼
annoy sb. with sth. 因某事使某人烦恼
(3)annoying adj. 令人恼怒的，令人烦恼的
①The kids wouldn’t stop talking, and I was beginning to be annoyed with them.
孩子们不停地说话，我对他们开始有点恼火了。
②What annoyed him most was that he had received no apology. 最令他生气的是没人向他道歉。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We should keep a cool head and put ourselves in others’ shoes rather than get annoyed(annoy) and lose temper.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Bacteria are an annoying(annoy) problem for astronauts.
③I like to pretend that I’m okay because I don’t want to annoy people with my problems.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)I felt very angry to find that they hadn’t waited for me.
(高级表达)I felt very annoyed to find that they hadn’t waited for me.
all in all 总而言之
(教材P2)All in all I have a good life.
总而言之，我生活得很好。
above all 首先；最重要的是
after all 终究；毕竟
first of all 首先
at all 根本，丝毫
in all 总共，总计
①All in all, what you had done just now did annoy him greatly.
总而言之，你刚才所做的事确实令他很生气。
②All in all, working together is beneficial to both sides.
总而言之，协作对双方都有好处。
[即学即练]——用all的相关短语填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)All__in__all,__I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself.
②It is reasonable to forgive him.After__all，he is only a child.
③We’d like to employ a secretary who is friendly, hard－working, and above__all,__able to deal with the unexpected things.
as well as 除了……之外；也；和；和……一样好
(教材P2)As well as going to the movies and football matches with my friends，I spend a lot of time with my pets. 除了同我的朋友们一起去看电影和足球比赛外，我还花很多时间和我的宠物们在一起。
(1)as well as连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式依据其前面的名词或代词确定；
(2)as well as意为“除……之外”，后接动词时，用动名词形式；
(3)as well as也可以表示同级比较，意思是“和……一样好”，well为副词。
①While travelling along the way, we can enjoy the beautiful scenery as well as the new looks of the villages and towns.
在沿途旅行中， 我们能欣赏大自然的美景和村庄城镇的新面貌。
②My parents as well as I are sitting around chatting at the moment.
此刻，我的父母和我正闲坐着聊天。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①As well as having(have) difficulty adapting herself to the new school life，she found the culture difference was another challenge for her.
②He plays the piano as well(good) as a professional pianist.
③The teacher as well as his students is(be) going to take part in this activity.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)(2017·天津卷)I often surf the Internet to get more information about the history and the culture of Tianjin.
(高级表达)I often surf the Internet to get more information about the history as__well__as the culture of Tianjin.
every time 引导时间状语从句
(教材P2)Every time I returned after an absence，I felt stupid because I was behind the others.
每次缺课之后返校，我就觉得自己很笨，因为我比别人落后了。
(1)every time用作连词，意为“每次……，每当……时候”，引导时间状语从句；
(2)the first/last time, each/every time, next time, any time，表示“第一次/最后一次， 每一次， 下一次， 任何时候”，均可引导时间状语从句。
①Every time I called on him, he was busy with his work.
每次我去拜访他，他总是在忙着工作。
②Every time she comes to see me, she always brings me some gifts.
她每次来看我总是带些礼物给我。
[能力提升]——完成句子
①Every__time__I__think__of__you(每次我想到你) I know you’ll always be with me.
②Next__time__you__hear__a__funny__joke(下次你听到一个有趣的笑话), you’d better not laugh too hard.
③The__first__time__he__came__to__the__city(他第一次来到那个城市), he decided to settle there.
④You are welcome to come back any__time__you__want__to(你什么时候想回来)．
v．－ing作伴随状语
(教材P2)I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.
我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。
feeling sorry for myself为现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示伴随情况。
(1)现在分词除在句中作状语外，还可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等；
(2)现在分词作状语除了表示伴随以外，还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。
①They stood there for half an hour, watching the stars in the sky.
他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。
②Lucy was sitting in the classroom alone, feeling sorry for herself.
露西独自一人坐在教室里，顾影自怜。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On the last day of our week－long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，listening(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
②According to Professor Wang, slightly more than half of the school children in our country are short－sighted, ranking(rank) the first in the world.
[能力提升]——一句多译
听到这个消息，我确实乐意与你一起旅行，向你介绍西安。
③When__I__heard__this__news,__I was really willing to travel with you and introduce Xi’an to you. (时间状语从句)
④Hearing__this__news，I was really willing to travel with you and introduce Xi’an to you.(分词作状语)
“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.＋as”结构
(教材P3)Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.
要接受他们，给他们鼓励，让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。
(1)as rich and full a life as为“as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as”结构，表示“像……一样……”，是“as...as...”结构的变式；
(2)当“as...as”中间有名词时采用以下格式：
as＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词＋as；
as＋many/much＋名词＋as；
(3)在否定句中可用“so...as...”替换。
①Tom is as friendly a boy as the one you just mentioned.
汤姆就是一个像你刚才提到的一样友好的男孩。
②I have never met so funny a person as he is.
我从未遇到过像他一样滑稽的人。
[能力提升]——微写作
汤姆， 振作起来。我真诚地希望你能像我一样过丰富多彩的生活。
Cheer up, Tom.I sincerely hope you can live__as__colorful__a__life__as I do.
品句填词
1．Though a little noisy(吵闹的), the concert still appealed to me.
2．Among all the candidates, John is the most suitable(适合的) person to be appointed as manager.
3．I was so annoyed(生气的) with him about his being absent from the party.
4．She can adapt(适应) to the new surroundings very easily.
5．Lucy is an outgoing(外向的) girl and seems to get along with everyone very well.
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)But we sincerely hope you will give us your guidance and encouragement(鼓励)．
7．Mr. Smith looked angry when I spoke of his daughter’s bad conduct(品行) in school.
8．(2019·江苏卷)She told Steve she’d love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench(长凳), hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.
9．Keeping your body in shape is beneficial(有益的) to mental health.
10．He could not account for his absence(缺席) from school.
单句改错
1．As we all know, the disabled is also important members of our society.is→are
2．It is bad manners for you to make a fun of the disabled; you should know they are in great need of our understanding.去掉a
3．You must adapt yourself to get along with others when you are in a new environment.get→getting
4．I am skilled at organizing activities as well as communicate with others.communicate→communicating
5．His absence of school without permission made his headteacher angry.of→from
完成句子
1．如果你定期锻炼、均衡饮食，你也能像你爷爷一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。
If you take regular exercise and have a balanced diet, you can live as__rich__and__full__a__life__as your grandfather does.
2．你是时候找一种新的更适合你的学习方法了。
It’s time for you to explore a new learning method which is__more__suitable__for__you．
3．我认为这项活动不但对学生和社会有益，也对我有好处。
I think this activity will be beneficial to me as__well__as__the__students__and__the__society．
4．是文化而不是语言使得他很难适应国外的新环境。
It was the culture, rather than the language，that made__it__hard__for__him__to__adapt__to the new environment abroad.
5．楼上的噪音使他很烦，于是他报了警。
The noise upstairs made__him__annoyed,__so he called the police.
6．苏珊很自豪在期末考试中获得了第一名。
Susan is__proud__to__have__won the first place in the end?of?term examination.
课文语法填空
Marty Fielding was a healthy child until ten years old. However, he suddenly suffered from 1.an unknown muscle disease. He became so weak that he could only enjoy football from a bench at the stadium. He was finally sent to hospital, where the doctors didn’t find out the name of the disease, and nor did they know how to cure 2.it．
Marty looks like a normal boy. So, in primary school he 3.was__made (make) fun of by other kids when he got out of breath after he did something simple. What’s worse, he felt stupid after many absences 4.from school.
At high school, his life is a lot 5.easier (easy). On the one hand, his fellow students have accepted him. On the other hand, he ignores those who cannot 6.fully(full) understand him. Marty is happy 7.to__have__found(find) many things he can do. Last year he invented a computer football game. He spends a lot of time with his pets as well as 8.going (go) to the movies and football matches with his friends.
In many ways his 9.disability (disable) helps him grow stronger psychologically and have more 10.independence(independent). He realizes that being disabled doesn’t mean his life isn’t satisfying. He also suggests that people accept the disabled for who they are.
单句语法填空
1．The water is very muddy and I don’t think it is suitable(suit) to drink.
2．Our government has carried out an ambitious(ambition) program to improve farmers’ lives.
3．Forgiveness can be surprisingly beneficial(benefit) to your physical and mental health.
4．During the absence(absent) of Mr. Yang, Johnson was in charge of the whole project.
5．When Peter was young, he had a learning disability(disable)．That is, he couldn’t read or write.
6．There is something wrong with his hearing(hear), so you should talk with him in a loud voice.
7．What’s more, thanks to your advice and encouragement(encourage), I have made great progress in English.
8．The survey conducted(conduct) last April found out that most of the students aged 15－18 expected to receive higher education.
9.The famous musician, as well as his students, was__invited(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the Flower Expo.
10．We must adapt to the new changes through our continuous learning.
阅读理解
A mother’s dying wish was fulfilled when she got to see her son graduate from high school from her hospital bed. Stephanie Northcott has Lynch Syndrome(林奇综合症), a genetic condition linked to several types of cancer. It’s the same disease that claimed her daughter’s life in 2010 when she was just 20 years old.
Northcott is being treated at Baptist Hospital East in Memphis, over 200 miles away from Knoxville where her only son, Dalton, was wrapping up his senior year at Halls High School. She was worried she would miss a major milestone in her son’s life—his graduation, but then a community of people pulled together to bring his graduation to her.
With the help of the school, friends, and hospital staff, the Halls High School graduation was brought to Northcott’s bedside, her friend, Julie Northcott told CBS News. The longtime friends have the same last name because Julie is now married to Stephanie’s ex?husband.
About 20 of Dalton’s classmates traveled to the hospital in their caps and gowns so they could graduate in front of his mom. Medical staff members rolled Northcott’s bed into the hospital’s chapel(教堂), and one by one, the students walked in to the tune of The Graduation March. The graduating seniors stopped by Northcott’s hospital bed positioned in the middle of the room to hug her.
Then, Dalton entered the room in his cap and gown. He hugged his mom and stepped up to the podium(领奖台) where his school principal stood. Through tears, the principal presented Dalton with his high school diploma. With her spirits lifted by her son’s accomplishment, Northcott sat up in her hospital bed and began singing to the room.
Completely overwhelmed by the special graduation ceremony, Dalton’s classmates and football teammates wrapped him in emotional hugs. Julie Northcott told CBS News that she has started an online campaign to help raise money for her friend’s funeral costs.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。一位身患绝症的母亲渴望参加儿子的高中毕业典礼，为了满足她的愿望，学校决定在医院举办她儿子的毕业典礼。
1．To satisfy Stephanie’s need, the Halls High School________.
A．allowed her son to see his mother in the hospital
B．invited Stephanie to attend a party with her son
C．raised a large amount of money for Stephanie
D．held the graduation ceremony in the hospital
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的the Halls High School graduation was brought to Northcott’s bedside及第四、五段的内容描述可推断，学校为了满足Stephanie的愿望，在医院举行了她儿子的毕业典礼。
2．What does the underlined word “overwhelmed” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Moved. B．Embarrassed.
C．Frightened. D．Defeated.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知，Dalton的同学看到眼前这个特殊的毕业典礼，深受感染。由此可知，overwhelmed意为“感动的，震撼的”。
3．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Helping Others Is Helping Yourself
B．A Special Graduation Ceremony
C．The Greatness of a Mother’s Love
D．Cherish the Last Moment of Your Life
B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文旨在向我们介绍一个发生在医院的特殊的毕业典礼。故选“A Special Graduation Ceremony”。
完形填空
That was a busy Tuesday morning and I was on duty in my office in the hospital. “Next！” I said as I finished with a __1__. A thin dark?skinned kid walked up to me.
“What’s __2__ you？” I said without looking up.“I’ve had a stomachache for the last 3 days，” he said in a high voice. “Uh, where’re your parents? I need to talk to them，” I said in __3__ . “They are not __4__ and I am here alone. __5__ me whatever you want，” I looked up to find the kid __6__ me, as if he was __7__ me to ask a question he didn’t have the answer to. I could see from his expression that he had __8__ this conversation before many times.“What did you have for breakfast？” I asked. When he told me he got __9__ every morning and that he had to __10__ having some delicious food, my heart broke.
Then I asked him about his family __11__ because I didn’t want to hurt him. I learned that he lived in a place about 11km away from here. His parents worked hard during the day and stayed with him and his sister at night. At the age of eight, he’d developed enough __12__ to know that his parents didn’t __13__ enough for their family. So he had to __14__ classes to work part?time at a sweet shop. When I noticed his bare feet, I was filled with __15__. I realized how __16__ it must have been for him to travel such a long journey.
I gave him enough money to purchase a pair of shoes.Instead of telling him not to do this or that, I told him to eat __17__ if he wanted to keep__18__ his family. This seemed like __19__ advice to him. As he walked back to the medicine department to get his drugs, I looked at his small figure and wondered where he was hiding all that love and __20__ .
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在为一个贫穷的小男孩看病时被他的坚强所打动，并给了小男孩帮助和建议。
1．A.partner B．student
C．patient D．customer
C 解析：根据文章开头的语境可知，作者是医院的医生，诊治完一个病人(patient)后开始叫另一个进来。
2．A.shocking B．touching
C．upsetting D．bothering
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者询问小男孩哪里不舒服，故选“bothering”。
3．A.delight B．confusion
C．anger D．despair
B 解析：因为小男孩独自来看病，没有家长的陪同，这让作者感到疑惑，故选“confusion”。
4．A.busy B．reliable
C．available D．serious
C 解析：根据下一段关于小男孩家庭的叙述His parents worked hard during the day可知，小男孩的家长没有空来医院，故选“available”。
5．A.Question B．Send
C．Define D．Promise
A 解析：小男孩让作者询问他想问的事情，故选“Question”。
6．A.calling on B．staring at
C．talking about D．turning down
B 解析：根据语境可知，小男孩此时直盯着作者，故选“staring at”。
7．A.ordering B．allowing
C．inspiring D．challenging
D 解析：小男孩直盯着作者，好像挑衅地让作者问他无法回答的问题一样，故选“challenging”。
8．A.created B．feared
C．practiced D．expected
C 解析：作者从男孩的表情看得出来他已经把这段对话练习了(practiced)很多遍了。
9．A.hungry B．tired
C．lonely D．peaceful
A 解析：根据语境可知，小男孩告诉作者他每天早上都挨饿，故选“hungry”。
10．A.consider B．imagine
C．stop D．forget
B 解析：小男孩感到饥饿时就想象(imagine)自己吃到了美味佳肴，这让作者很心碎。
11．A.anxiously B．normally
C．indirectly D．repeatedly
C 解析：因为作者不想伤害小男孩，于是间接地(indirectly)询问了他的家庭情况。
12. A．courage B．knowledge
C．qualification D．awareness
D 解析：根据语境可知，八岁的小男孩意识到了自己的家庭情况，故选“awareness”。
13．A.earn B．study
C．lose D．prepare
A 解析：小男孩意识到自己的父母不能赚(earn)足够的钱来支撑整个家庭。
14．A.plan B．attend
C．skip D．teach
C 解析：因为家境困难，小男孩不得不旷课去糖果店打工，故选“skip”。
15．A.pride B．sorrow
C．energy D．disappointment
B 解析：当作者注意到小男孩赤着脚，他感到很悲伤，故选“sorrow”。
16．A.familiar B．meaningful
C．convenient D．difficult
D 解析：作者意识到小男孩赤脚跑这么远的路来看病是多么不容易，故选“difficult”。
17．A.quickly B．slightly
C．properly D．immediately
C 解析：作者没有教育小男孩应该做什么或不该做什么，而是告诉小男孩要好好吃饭，故选“properly”。
18．A.visiting B．supporting
C．changing D．understanding
B 解析：作者告诉小男孩，如果他想继续支持 (supporting)自己的家庭就得好好吃饭。
19．A.interesting B．strange
C．reasonable D．impossible
C 解析：作者的这番话对小男孩来说是个合理的(reasonable)建议。
20．A.attention B．stress
C．experience D．strength
D 解析：作者想知道小男孩小小的身体里为何潜藏着那么多的爱与力量(strength)。
短文改错
I read a story online in which there had not enough shelters for the homeless.Therefore, I did some research and call those who were trying to collect blanket and hand warmers.I helped themselves raise some money but shared their information on the Internet.I hoped the poor people would survive the extreme cold winter！We also made plans to packing some backpacks filled necessary things for homeless people each month for the rest of this year.We really hoped what we were doing would be helpfully for people in the need.
答案：
I read a story online in which there not enough shelters for the homeless.Therefore, I did some research and those who were trying to collect and hand warmers.I helped raise some money shared their information on the Internet.I hoped the poor people would survive the cold winter！We also made plans to some backpacks filled eq \o(\s\up7( ∧, ))necessary things for homeless people each month for the rest of this year.We really hoped what we were doing would be for people in eq \o(,\s\up0(＼)) need.
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Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.resign vi.& vt. 辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)
2.literature n. 文学(作品)；著作；文献
3.companion n. 同伴；伙伴
4.adequate adj. 足够的；充分的
5.exit n. 出口；离开；退场
6.community n. 社区；团体；社会
拓展词汇
7.graduation n．毕业；毕业典礼→graduate vt.毕业
8.approval n．赞成；认可→approve v．批准；赞成
9.access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性→accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
10.assistance n．协助；援助→assistant n．助手→assist v．协助；援助
11.congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺→congratulation n．祝贺；贺词
阅读词汇
12.abolish vt. 废除；废止
13.bowling n． 保龄球
14.certificate n． 证书
15.architect n． 建筑师
16.handy adj. 方便的，__有用的
17.basement n． 地下室
18.profit n. 收益；利润；盈利
19.dignity n． 尊严；高贵的品质
重点短语
1.never__mind 不必担心；没关系
2.all__the__best (口语)(祝你)一切顺利
3.meet__with 遇到；经历；会晤
4.in__particular 特别地
5.rather__than 而不是
6.with__dignity 有尊严地，体面地
重点句型
1.do you think作插入语：What__kind__of__difficulty__do__you__think(你认为哪种困难) weak?sighted or blind people would have climbing a mountain？
2.rather than 而不是：This would allow hearing?impaired customers to enjoy the company of their hearing friends rather__than__having__to__sit__in__a__special__area(而不是必须坐在一个特定的区域).
3.suggest that sb.(should) do sth.建议某人做某事：So I’d like to suggest that the seats at the back be__placed__higher__than__those__at__the__front(调整得比前排的高) so that everyone can see the screen easily.
Fast?reading
Read the text and match the main idea with each paragraph.
1．Paragraph 1 A．Earphones are necessary beside all seats for hearing－impaired people.
2．Paragraph 2 B．Seats can be raised for people to see the screen easily.
3．Paragraph 3 C．Lifts should be offered to all parts of the cinema.
4．Paragraph 4 D．The purpose of writing the letter.
5．Paragraph 5 E．Reasons why the designer should take the disabled into consideration.
6．Paragraph 6 F．Toilets should be convenient for the disabled to reach.
7．Paragraph 7 G．Car parking spaces are important especially for the disabled and elderly customers.
答案：1－7.DCABFGE
Careful?reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．From the text we know that Alice Major advised the architect to consider ________ things.
A．two B．three
C．four D．five
2．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “dignity”？
A．Self?respect.
B．Pride.
C．Politeness.
D．Good manners.
3．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．The buttons in the lift should be easy for people in wheelchairs to reach.
B．There should be earphones beside some seats in a special area.
C．There should be toilets for the disabled near the entrance to the cinema.
D．There should be car parking spaces for the disabled and elderly.
4．The writer wrote the letter to ________．
A．remind the architect of the disabled
B．protect the rights of the disabled
C．show the attitude of treating the disabled equally
D．all of the above
答案：1－4.DABD
①architect['ɑ?k?tekt]n.
建筑师
architecture n．建筑学；
建筑风格
②think about考虑
think of想起，想出
③in particular尤其，特别是(＝particularly)
be particular about对……挑剔
④adequate['?d?kw?t]adj.
足够的；充分的
be adequate for适用于
⑤access['?kses]n.(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性
have access to可使用；有机会接触
accessible[?k'ses?bl]adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
⑥wheelchair['wi?lt?e?]n.轮椅
⑦handy['h?nd?]adj.方便的，有用的
⑧unattractive adj.不漂亮
的，无趣的，不引人注意的
⑨earphone['??f??n]n.耳机
⑩have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
?fit此处为“安装”的意思。
?hearing?impaired adj.听力有缺陷的
impair[?m'pe?]vt.削弱；损伤
?company n．[U]陪伴
for company陪伴；做伴
companion n．[C]同伴；伙伴
?rather than而不是
?raise vt.抬高；提起
?those替代同一类事物，
此处指代seats。
?row[r??]n.一行；一排
vt.& vi.划(船)
a row of一排
?convenient adj.方便的
?place vt.放置，安排
?entrance to...……的入口
basement['be?sm?nt]n.
地下室
outwards['a?tw?dz]adv.向外
反义词：inwards adv.向内
reserve vt.保留，保存
elderly adj.年纪大的
be close to...离……近的
exit['eks?t]n.出口；离开；退场
反义词：entrance n．入口
in comfort轻松地；舒服地(＝comfortably)
meet with遇到；经历；会晤
approval[?'pru?vl]n.赞成；认可
approve v．赞成，同意；批准
opportunity n．机会；时机
have the/an opportunity to do sth.有做某事的机会
able?bodied复合形容词，构成：“形容词＋名词＋ed”，再如：
kind?hearted好心的
long?armed长臂的
cold?blooded无情的
dignity['d?ɡn?t?]n.尊严；
高贵的品质
with dignity 有尊严地
profit['pr?f?t]n.收益；利润；盈利
A LETTER TO AN ARCHITECT①
Ms L Sanders Alice Major
Chief architect 64 Cambridge Street
Cinema Designs Bankstown
44 Hill Street
Bankstown
24 September, 200—
Dear Ms Sanders，
I read in the newspaper today that you are to be the architect for the new Bankstown cinema. I hope you will not mind me writing to ask if you have thought about② the needs of disabled customers. In particular③ I wonder if you have considered the following things：
◆“be＋动词不定式”表示将来，还可表示“计划/安排/打算做某事；按义务/要求应做某事”。
◆mind sb.doing sth.介意某人做某事，此处mind后接动名词的复合结构。
1 Adequate④access⑤for wheelchairs⑥.It would be handy⑦ to have lifts to all parts of the cinema. The buttons in the lifts should be easy for a person in a wheelchair to reach, and the doors be wide enough to enter. In some cinemas, the lifts are at the back of the cinema in cold, unattractive⑧ places. As disabled people have to use the lifts, this makes them feel they are not as important as other customers.
◆It would be handy to have...中，It是形式主语，动词不定式短语to have...是真正的主语。
◆As disabled...customers.中，As disabled...lifts是As引导的原因状语从句；主句为this...customers，其中they are not...是省略了that的宾语从句。
2 Earphones⑨for people who have trouble hearing⑩.It would help to fit? sets of earphones to all seats, not just to some of them. This would allow hearing?impaired?customers to enjoy the company?of their hearing friends rather than? having to sit in a special area.
◆who have trouble hearing是who引导的定语从句，修饰people。
◆It would help to fit...中，It为形式主语，动词不定式短语to fit...是真正的主语。
3 Raised?seating. People who are short cannot always see the screen. So I’d like to suggest that the seats at the back be placed higher than those?at the front so that everyone can see the screen easily. Perhaps there could be a space at the end of each row? for people in wheelchairs to sit next to their friends.
◆who are short是who引导的定语从句，修饰People。
◆I’d like...easily中，that the seats...是that引导的宾语从句，且此处是suggest“建议”后的宾语从句，须用虚拟语气：(should＋)动词原形。so that everyone...中，so that引导结果状语从句。
4 Toilets. For disabled customers it would be more convenient?to place?the toilets near the entrance to?the cinema．It can be difficult if the only disabled toilet is in the basementB21a long way from where the film is showing．And if the doors could be opened outwardsB22, disabled customers would be very happy.
◆It is convenient to do...做……是方便的。
◆where the film is showing是where引导的宾语从句。
5 Car parking. Of course, there are usually spaces specially reservedB23for disabled and elderlyB24drivers．If they are close toB25 the cinema entrance and/or exitB26, it is easier for disabled people to get to the film in comfortB27.
◆过去分词短语reserved for...drivers作后置定语，修饰spaces。
Thank you for reading my letter. I hope my suggestions will meet withB28your approvalB29.Disabled people should have the same opportunitiesB30as able?bodiedB31people to enjoy the cinema and to do so with dignityB32. I am sure many people will praise your cinema if you design it with good access for disabled people. It will also make the cinema owners happy if more people go as they will make higher profitsB33!
◆It will...profits！中，It...go是主句，as...profits是从句，if more people...是if引导的条件状语从句，as they...是as引导的原因状语从句。
Yours sincerely，
Alice Major
致建筑师的一封信
桑德斯女士 艾丽斯·梅杰
总建筑师 剑桥街64号
影院设计公司 班克斯敦
希尔街44号
班克斯敦
200__年9月24日
亲爱的桑德斯女士：
今天我从报上了解到，您将成为班克斯敦新电影院的建筑设计师。我希望您不介意我写信询问您是否已考虑到残疾顾客的需要。尤其是以下几点不知您是否考虑到了：
1为乘坐轮椅的人提供充分的便利通道。影院内的各个部分都安装电梯就会很方便。电梯的按钮应当让乘坐轮椅的人容易够到，电梯门应足够宽。在有些电影院里，(残疾人专用)电梯设在影院背后阴冷而不显眼的地方。由于残疾人必须要使用这些电梯，这就使残疾人感到自己比其他顾客低一等。
2给听力有障碍的人提供耳机。所有座位的旁边都装有耳机，而不是少数几个座位，那会有帮助。这样可以使那些听力有缺陷的顾客去享受那些听力正常的朋友们的陪伴，而不是让他们必须坐在一个特定的区域。
3抬高座位。身材矮小的人常常看不到屏幕。所以我想建议影院后排的座位应该调整得比前排的高，以便每个人都能很容易地看到屏幕。也许可以让每一横排的排头都留出空位，以便坐轮椅的人坐在他们的朋友旁边。
4厕所。在影院入口处的附近安排厕所会让残疾人感觉更加方便。只在离放映大厅很远的地下室为残疾人安排一个厕所，这种做法会给他们带来麻烦。如果厕所的门能设计成向外开，残疾顾客将会很高兴。
5停车场。当然还得专门为残疾司机和老年司机安排停车场。如果这些停车场离影院出入口都很近，残疾人就会很轻松地到达影院。
感谢您阅读我的信，我希望我的建议能得到您的认可。残疾人应当和健全人有同样的机会来欣赏电影，同时能保持自己的尊严。如果您设计的电影院能够为残疾人提供方便，那么，我相信许多人都会夸奖您的电影院，而且电影院的老板也会高兴，因为有更多的人能够去看电影了，他们就能赚更多的利润了！
此致
敬礼
艾丽斯·梅杰
resign vi.& vt.辞职，辞去(工作、职位等)
(经典例句)In order to look after her sick mother，Mary decided to resign as manager in the company.
为了照顾生病的母亲，玛丽决定辞去公司经理的职务。
resign as... 辞去……的职务
resign one’s position 辞去某人的职务
resign from... 从……辞职
resign...to... 把……交托给……
①He resigned his position because he had been offered a better job.
他辞职了， 因为有人向他提供了一份更好的工作。
②His parents were very annoyed to hear that he resigned from the company.
听说他从公司辞职了，他的父母很生气。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He resigned(resign) from office and devoted himself entirely to painting at home.
②Our teacher encourages us not to resign ourselves to our fate.
assistance n．[U] 帮助；援助；协助
(教材P6)In what ways do you think the sighted climbers gave assistance to their weak?sighted or blind companions?
你认为视力正常的登山者可以在哪些方面给弱视或失明的伙伴以帮助？
(1)come to one’s assistance 帮助某人
with the assistance of... 在……的帮助下
(2)assist v. 帮助，协助，援助
assist sb.to do/in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
(3)assistant n. 助理，助手；售货员
①During the absence of my secretary，she came to my assistance.
我的秘书不在时，她来帮助我。
②With the assistance of my friend, I gradually adapted to the new school.
在朋友的帮助下，我逐渐适应了新学校。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I will have my assistant(assist) to pick you up at the airport.
②If Mr. Dewey had been present, he would have offered any possible assistance(assist) to the people there.
congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺
(2019·天津卷)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn’t manage it.
我本希望送彼得一件礼物祝贺他结婚，但我没能做到。
(1)congratulate sb.on sth. 就某事向某人祝贺
congratulate oneself on sth. 就某事(成功或成就)感到高兴/自豪
(2)congratulation n. (常用复数)祝贺；贺词
offer/send congratulations to sb. 向某人致以祝贺
①I’m writing to congratulate you on winning the championship of the 26th English Speech Contest.
我写信祝贺你在第26届英语演讲比赛中获得冠军。
②You can congratulate yourself on having done a good job.
你的工作做得很出色， 你应该感到自豪。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We congratulated him on his being__admitted(admit) to the Party.
②We offer our congratulations(congratulate) to you on your passing the College Entrance Examination.
[能力提升]——一句多译
祝贺你在中国桥汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。
③I would like to express__my__congratulations__to__you__on your receiving the first prize of “Chinese Bridge” Chinese Speech Contest.(congratulation n．)
④I would like to congratulate__to__you__on your receiving the first prize of “Chinese Bridge” Chinese Speech Contest.(congratulate vt.)
adequate adj.足够的；充分的；胜任的
(教材P8)Adequate access for wheelchairs.
为乘坐轮椅的人提供充分的便利通道。
(1)be adequate for... 对……来说是足够的
be adequate to do sth. 足以做某事
(2)adequately adv. 足够地，充分地
①My working experience and knowledge are quite adequate for the job.
工作经验和知识让我完全能胜任这项工作。
②My salary is not adequate to support our family.
我的薪水不够维持我们家的生活。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I hope I will not be called on in class as I’m not yet adequately(adequate) prepared.
②He is adequate for the position. In other words, he is suitable to do the job.
access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性
(经典例句)Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, children had no access to education.
在这个贫困地区实施希望工程之前，孩子们无法接受教育。
(1)have/gain/get access to 进入；有权或机会使用/接触
(2)accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
sth.be accessible to sb. 某物可以为某人所用
①The only access to success is to have an appropriate ambition and adequate preparation to achieve it.
成功的唯一方法就是有一个合适的目标和实现它的充分准备。
②Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.
药品不应放在儿童可以够到的地方。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①In my opinion, everyone should have access to a free library.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible(access), and preserve its history and culture.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)As far as I know, fallen rocks cut off the only way to the village.
(高级表达)As far as I know, fallen rocks cut off the only access to the village.
approval n．赞成，通过，同意；认可；批准
(教材P8)I hope my suggestions will meet with your approval.
我希望我的建议能得到您的认可。
(1)meet with/earn one’s approval 得到某人的许可
give one’s approval to sth. 批准/同意某事
approval of (doing) sth. 赞成/同意(做)某事
(2)approve vi. 赞成，同意
vt. 批准
(3)disapprove vt. 不赞成，不同意
①We have made adjustments to our plan so that it can meet with your approval.
我们已调整了我们的计划以便得到你的许可。
②No teacher can approve of cheating in the exam.
任何老师都不会赞成考试作弊。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Our teacher gave his approval(approve) to our plans for a graduation party.
②Jack is unwilling to make a change without the president’s approval(approve)．
rather than“与其；不愿；而不是”，连接两个并列成分
(教材P8)This would allow hearing－impaired customers to enjoy the company of their hearing friends rather than having to sit in a special area.
这样可以使那些听力有缺陷的顾客去享受那些听力正常的朋友们的陪伴，而不是让他们必须坐在一个特定的区域。
(1)rather than意为“而不是”，前后结构一致。
(2)连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数与前面的主语保持一致。 Ｋ
①(浙江卷6月)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite，rather than divide us.
当我们学会了让差异把我们团结起来，而不是把我们分裂开时，我们就会获得很多。
②I made up my mind to study harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things.
我下定决心更加努力学习而不是把宝贵的时间浪费在无用的事情上。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I，rather than you，am(be) responsible for the car accident.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing(focus) on Chinese traditions.
suggest that sb. (should) do sth.
(教材P8)So I’d like to suggest that the seats at the back be placed higher than those at the front so that everyone can see the screen easily.
所以我想建议影院后排的座位应该调整得比前排的高，以便每个人都能容易地看到屏幕。
(1)suggest作“建议”讲，其后的宾语从句的谓语为“should＋动词原形”，should可省略；
(2)suggest作“说明；暗示”讲时，后面的宾语从句要用陈述语气；
(3)suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
①(2019·北京卷)I suggest that you begin from Beijing, and I’ll show you around.
我建议你从北京开始旅游，我将领你参观北京。
②(全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we should go to places of interest nearby.
一些同学建议我们去附近的名胜看看。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I suggested to him that we(should)__handle(handle) the problem at once.
②The smile on the customer’s face suggested that he was(be) satisfied with our service.
③I suggest trying(try) a new way to solve the difficult problem.
品句填词
1．Jane intended to major in psychology, but didn’t get her father’s approval(赞成)．
2．His companion(伙伴) made fun of his hairstyle the other day, which made him a little annoyed.
3．She is interested in Chinese literature(文学) and Chinese medicine.
4．I waited anxiously, hoping that someone would come to my assistance(帮助)．
5．Because of the slavery(奴隶制度), David had no freedom from birth.
6．Last week, Mr.Lin resigned(辞职) his post as a result of the medical accident.
7．My uncle is crazy about music and he is not interested in politics(政治) at all.
8．If the system is abolished(废除), women will have more freedom to do whatever they like.
9．This new invention will bring you great profits(利润) like a gold mine.
10．As students, there are many ways you can serve the community(社区，公众)．
选词填空
in many ways; adapt to; cut out; out of breath; all in all; as well as; sit around; make fun of; meet with; never mind
1．Never__mind,__I’m quite sure you can do better next time.
2．As__well__as beach activities and water sports, kids can take part in some indoor activities there.
3．The last paragraph of your composition is similar to this part, which I think should be cut__out．
4．In the first few months, Alice had some difficulty adapting__to the life in her new school.
5．Little William ran all the way to the classroom and was out__of__breath when arriving there.
6．Over the years，research has shown that love affects the brain in__many__ways and in a number of areas.
7．By the roadside several young girls were sitting__around,__looking bored.
8．It’s rude to make__fun__of the people just because they are in rags.
9．Apart from being good at teamwork, he is tall, strong and athletic.All__in__all,__he is the best choice for the coming basketball match.
10．Everyone can meet__with ups and downs in the life.
完成句子
1．英语老师似乎已经知道了事情的真相，因此你最好不要对她撒谎。
The English teacher seems__to__have__known__the__truth,__so you’d better not lie to her.
2．你本来应该已经完成了你的作业，但你却没有。
You are__supposed__to__have__finished your homework, but you haven’t.
3．据说他已经放弃了工程师的工作。
He is__said__to__have__given__up working as an engineer.
4．上周海伦忙于自己的工作，没有时间为自己感到难过。
Helen was busy with her work last week with__no__time__to__feel__sorry__for herself.
5．对是否要给学生布置此类作业，我的观点跟你的一致。
As for whether students should be assigned such homework, my opinion is the__same__as yours.
课文语法填空
Alice Major put forward some suggestions on how to make the cinema more accessible to those with physical disabilities.
?Adequate access for wheelchairs. It would be 1.handy(hand) to have lifts to all parts of the cinema. The buttons in the lifts should be easy for a person in a wheelchair to reach, and the doors should be wide enough to enter.
?Earphones for people 2.who/that have trouble hearing. Earphones should be fitted to all seats, 3.allowing (allow) hearing?impaired people to enjoy 4.the company of their hearing friends.
?Raised seating. The seats at the back should 5.be__placed(place) higher than those at the front so that everyone can see the screen 6.easily(easy)．
?Toilets. It would be more convenient for disabled 7.customers(customer) to place the toilets near the entrance to the cinema. If the doors could be opened outwards, the disabled would be very delighted.
?Car parking.Spaces specially 8.reserved(reserve) for disabled and elderly drivers should be close to the cinema entrance and/or exit. It’s easier for disabled people to get to the film 9.in comfort.
?Alice hopes that her suggestions will meet with the architect’s 10.approval(approve). They are beneficial to not only the disabled but also the owners of the cinema.
单句语法填空
1．While shaking hands with his friend, Larry loudly said，“All the best.”
2．Much to my brother’s delight, his suggestion met with the approval of the manager.
3．The factory has equipped the workers adequately(adequate) for such dangerous conditions.
4．If you don’t book a room in advance, you may find all the hotels are not accessible(access) in the tourist season.
5．All of his teammates came up to offer their congratulations(congratulate) to Peter when he won the championship in swimming.
6．Having a good command of a foreign language makes it easier for students to find a job after graduation(graduate)．
7．It is just three months since we received official approval(approve) to go ahead with the project.
8．You can’t imagine what difficulty we had walking(walk) home in the snowstorm.
9．I don’t think this little girl is suitable(suit) for this position since she is still a green hand.
10．She showed her appreciation to those who gave her assistance(assist) when she was in trouble.
阅读理解
A
Scott and Daniel Harry are enjoying everyday tasks like shopping and washing for the first time following their move to an accommodation(住宿) support house in Kurwongbah，north of Brisbane last year.
Disability Services Queensland’s Strengthening Non?Government Organisations project provided an accommodation support model that would enable residents(居住者) like Daniel and Scott to live more independently.
The house is just one of many accommodation support services funded(资助) through the project.The five?bedroom house provides 24?hour care for up to four individuals with complex needs, including medical support.Care and staffing levels are varied and flexible, depending on each resident’s requirements.
Scott and Daniel, who have a severe form of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, require 24?hour support in all activities of daily living.Before they moved to the house，they lived with their family.Scott says living at home was difficult as it placed a physical and emotional strain(负担) on their parents who had to wake them several times each night to reposition them or place them on breathing machines.
“We were heavyhearted，”says Scott，who is planning to write a book about his life experiences.“But our parents now have a lot more time for themselves.We now manage ourselves on a day?to?day basis.”
Daniel is an enthusiastic gardener，taking care of his own vegetable garden.The men share the house with one other young man，and they go to rugby league games，meeting up with friends.
Leeding Care Australia provides the care service at Kurwongbah.Manager Lee Garniss says setting up the facilities(设施) has not been without its challenges.
“It is an unconventional model of care，”Lee says.“The home is Scott and Daniel’s home, however, it is also a workplace for their support staff.Balancing these two requirements has been a challenge for all.”
“We have experienced a learning phase over the last twelve months.However，by working as a team we try our best to meet the needs of both residents and staff and I think we have achieved the right balance.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一项让Scott和Daniel可以更加独立地生活的残疾人住宿支持服务。
1．What do we know about the house Scott and Daniel live in now?
A．It was built by their parents.
B．It can accommodate four residents.
C．It belongs to a governmental project.
D．It’s located in the center of Brisbane.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的The five?bedroom house provides 24?hour care for up to four individuals with complex needs可知，这个房子可以住4个人。
2．Why did Scott and Daniel’s parents wake up frequently at night?
A．To help them do exercise.
B．They were making a lot of noise.
C．To check on their breathing.
D．They were under emotional pressure.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的their parents who had to wake them several times each night to reposition them or place them on breathing machines可知，父母晚上起来是因为要查看Scott和Daniel两兄弟的呼吸状况。
3．How did Scott feel while living with his parents?
A．A bit guilty. B．Quite happy.
C．Very proud. D．Slightly angry.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的it placed a physical and emotional strain(负担) on their parents和第五段Scott说的We were heavyhearted可知，他感到内疚。
4．What was a challenge while setting up the facilities?
A．Lack of fund.
B．No workplace.
C．Inexperienced staff members.
D．Satisfying both staff and residents’ needs.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的The home is Scott and Daniel’s home，however, it is also a workplace for their support staff.Balancing these two requirements has been a challenge for all.可知，同时满足服务人员和居住者的需求是个挑战。
B
The Road Not Taken is one of Robert Frost’s most familiar and popular poems. It is made up of four stanzas(节) of five lines each. The popularity of the poem is largely a result of the simplicity of its symbolism: the speaker must choose between diverging(分叉的) paths in a wood, and he thinks that choice is like choosing between different directions in life. Though it is a simple poem, different people have different interpretations of how the speaker feels about his situation and how the readers view the speaker.
Frost wrote the poem in the first person, which raises the question of whether the speaker is the poet himself or a persona, a character created for the purpose of the poem. According to a biography，Robert Frost: The Years of Triumph by Lawrance Thompson, Frost would often introduce that the speaker was based on his friend Edward Thomas，“A person who, whichever road he went, would be sorry he didn’t go the other.”
In the first stanza, the speaker must choose between two paths in different directions. He regrets that he cannot follow both roads, so he pauses for a long while to consider his choice. In this stanza and the next, one road seems preferable; however, in the third stanza he has decided that the two paths are roughly equivalent(相同的). And then he tries to cheer himself up by comforting himself that he will return someday and walk the other road.
In the last part of the poem, however, the speaker realizes that he probably will never return to walk another path. He believes that when he looks back years later, he will see that he had actually chosen the “less traveled” road, which may make a big difference to his life. The poem is entitled The Road Not Taken, which implies that he will never stop thinking about the other path he might have followed.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要评析了Robert Frost的诗歌《未选择的路》。
5．Why is the poem The Road Not Taken popular?
A．It is simple to interpret.
B．Its author is the most famous.
C．Its scene is similar to real situations in life.
D．It expresses a kind of mysterious poetic imagery.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的The popularity of the poem is largely a result of the simplicity of its symbolism 可知，这首诗很出名是因为诗中的场景和真实生活中的情境很相似，容易与读者产生共鸣。
6.What do we know about the two roads according to the second stanza?
A．Very few people can choose both roads.
B．The two roads are actually the same.
C．One of the roads seems better.
D．Both roads are easy to choose.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的In this stanza and the next, one road seems preferable可知，在诗中描述的两条路中，其中一条路似乎更好。
7. How would the speaker feel years later according to the author?
A．He would keep dreaming of going back.
B．The choice he made changed his life greatly.
C．He had chosen the better one of the two roads.
D．The road not taken could have made him happier.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句中的which may make a big difference to his life可知，多年以后，the speaker会意识到他选择的路改变了他的人生。
七选五
Few things are as frightening as being caught in tornados. 1.________Fortunately, there are steps you can take to prepare and keep yourself and your loved ones safe.
2．________Your chosen location could be a basement, bathroom, closet, or inner hallway. And it should be on the lowest level of the building. If you live in a very tall building, it may be impossible to reach the bottom floor quickly. In such a situation, it is best to stay in a hallway at the center of the building.
Create a disaster?supply kit. Be sure to include a complete first aid kit, canned food, and a can opener. You’ll also need a minimum of 3 gallons (11.3 liters) of water per person, a battery?powered radio, and a flashlight. Secure extra batteries as well. 3.________
Periodic disaster drills(演习) can help you prepare for a tornado. Such drills will keep your disaster plan fresh in the mind of your household members. 4.________You should also pay attention to storm information provided by local television and radio stations.
Often, individuals believe that only those living in tornado alley(飓风带) need to prepare for dangerous weather. 5.________ In fact, they’ve occurred in every part of the United States and can form in any season of the year. As such, it is wise to take the time to prepare for a tornado, no matter where you live.
A．However, this is not true.
B．Remember to return home as soon as possible.
C．Stay calm when you or other people get injured.
D．These help ensure that everyone remains well prepared.
E．They are among nature’s most violent and deadly storms.
F．Choose a meeting place for your family members or roommates.
G．Preparing protective clothing for each member is also necessary.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了应对飓风的一些实用措施。
1．E 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。上文提到遭遇飓风十分可怕，下文提到幸好有应对方法，可知该句进一步说明飓风的可怕之处。选项E中的They指代前一句中的tornados。
2．F 解析：此空设于段首，引出下文内容。根据下文Your chosen location...be on the lowest level of the building...In such a situation可知，本段主要介绍如何选择防灾集合地点。
3．G 解析：此空设于段尾，是对上文内容的进一步说明。上文主要介绍了应准备的防灾应急物品，因此防护服也包含在内。
4．D 解析：此空设于段中，承接上文内容。上文提到防灾演习可以让人有应对灾难的心理，因此这有利于每个家庭成员都准备充分。选项D中的These指代前一句的Such drills。
5．A 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。上文提到人们认为只有生活在飓风带上的人应当为危险天气做准备，后文提到飓风可能发生在任何地点，由此可知前一句的观点是错误的。
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Section Ⅳ Grammar
动词不定式
1．(教材P2)Unfortunately, the doctors don’t know how to__make(make) me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to__adapt(adapt) to my disability.
2．(教材P2)Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to__know(know) what the future holds.
3．(教材P2)I am happy to__have__found(find) many things I can do, like writing and computer programming.
4．(教材P2)My ambition is to__work(work) for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.
5．(教材P2)I have a very busy life with no time to__sit(sit) around feeling sorry for myself.
动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志，无意义，有时可省略。其否定形式为“not＋动词不定式”。不定式既有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。
不定式的时态和语态
主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般时 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
完成时 to have done to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前
进行时 to be doing 表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行
完成进行时 to have been doing 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行
◆My father has decided to cut out smoking.
我父亲已经决定戒烟了。
◆It’s a great honour to be invited to do the voluntary work for the disabled.
被邀请为残疾人做志愿工作，我感到很荣幸。
◆I’m very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing.
让你一直无所事事闲坐着我感到很抱歉。
◆The little boy pretended to be reading the book when his teacher entered the classroom.
当他的老师走进教室时小男孩假装正在读书。
不定式在句中的作用
1．不定式作主语
(1)单个的不定式作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。两个或两个以上的不定式作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但当它们作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。
◆To do exercise is beneficial to our health.
锻炼有益于健康。
◆To form a good habit of learning is important for us students.
养成良好的学习习惯对我们学生来说很重要。
(2)若不定式结构比较复杂，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语放在句子的后面。
常用结构有：
①It is＋adj.＋(of/for sb.) to do...
②It is＋a/an＋名词＋to do...
③It takes (sb.) some time/courage/patience...to do...
④It requires courage/patience/hard work...to do...
◆(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)What’s more, it’s necessary for you to make a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.
此外， 你有必要好好休息，这能给你提供足够的精力。
◆(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m sure it is a good chance to perform your favorite music.
我确信这是表演你最喜爱的音乐的一次好机会。
◆It takes half an hour to walk from here to the school.
从这里走到学校需要半小时。
2．不定式作表语
不定式放在系动词后面常表示将来的动作或解释说明主语的内容，其主语常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty等表示“意向、打算、计划”的词。
◆My work is to clean the rooms for the old in the nursing house every day.
我的工作是每天为敬老院的老人打扫房间。
◆His ambition is to set up schools for children of poor families.
他的梦想是为贫困家庭的孩子们建立学校。
3．不定式作宾语
(1)动词不定式作宾语时，往往跟在某些及物动词的后面，常见的有agree，ask，decide，hope，fail，manage，pretend, refuse等。
◆I’m very busy at present, so I have to refuse to help you.
我目前太忙了，因此我不得不拒绝帮助你。
◆The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
(2)能接“疑问词＋to do”的动词(短语)有decide，know，consider，forget，learn，remember，show，find out，understand, see, wonder, hear, explain, tell等。
◆He still didn’t understand how to operate the machine.
他仍然不明白如何操作这台机器。
(3)当不定式作宾语时，常会用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面。可接it作形式宾语的动词有feel，find，make, think等。
◆I find it very difficult to communicate with him in English.
我发现用英语与他交流很难。
4．不定式作宾语补足语
(1)常跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, get, advise, allow, want, permit, warn, hate, encourage, prefer, expect, order, wish等；有些动词常跟“to be＋形容词”构成复合结构，如think, consider, imagine, prove, find, know, suppose等。
◆He wants all of us to make rapid progress.
他希望我们大家都迅速进步。
◆I’ll leave him to solve the problem by himself.
我将让他自己去解决这个问题。
◆I prefer my English classes to be taught in both Chinese and English.
我希望英语课用中英文双语教学。
(2)在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at等动词(短语)后的复合宾语中，不定式不带to。在help后，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。这些词在变为被动语态时，to不能省略。
◆Someone saw him go upstairs following his brother.
有人看见他跟在他哥哥后面上楼去了。
◆He was seen to go upstairs following his brother.
他被看见跟在他哥哥后面上楼去了。
5．不定式作状语
(1)不定式作原因状语多用在某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等的形容词后。
◆I’m very glad to be invited to attend the meeting.
我很高兴被邀请参加这个会议。
(2)不定式作目的状语时可与so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首。
◆To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another.
懂一点英语是一回事；掌握英语完全是另一回事。
(3)结果状语常表示意想不到的结果，常用only to do。
◆I went to see him, only to learn that he had left the city the night before.
我去看他，却得知他已经在前夜离开了这个城市。
熟记固定结构be＋adj.＋to do sth.
◆As far as I’m concerned, he is very easy to get along with.
就我个人而言，他很容易相处。
6．不定式作定语
(1)动词不定式常常放在抽象名词attempt，ability，courage, chance，desire，determination，decision，effort，plan, way或不定代词something, nothing等后面作后置定语，如果其逻辑主语是句子的主语，不定式用主动式。
◆We must have the courage to face the challenge.
我们必须有勇气面对挑战。
◆We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.
我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的派对。
◆In college, there are so many good chances to meet your expectations.
在大学里，有很多机会满足你的期望。
(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。
◆They are always the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts.
他们总是吃苦在前，享乐在后。
不定式与被修饰的词有动宾关系，且句中有该不定式的逻辑主语时，该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如果这个不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上适当的介词。
◆The manager is particular about the paper to write on.
经理对写字的纸很挑剔。
单句语法填空
1．It is important to__know(know) the body language of the country you will visit to avoid misunderstanding.
2．It’s no use complaining(complain), and you should take action to avoid greater loss.
3．One of his ambitions when he was young was to__become(become) a famous lawyer.
4．Having__handled(handle) the urgent task, he decided to take a holiday with his parents.
5．You were silly to__have__left (leave) your new bike outside without locking it last night.
6．The manager asked Robert to__take(take) charge of the big project though he was not experienced.
7．When you go to a foreign country, you will spend some time recovering(recover) from culture shock.
8．The great inventor made it possible for everyone to__use(use) the new technology, not just universities and the army.
9．To__see(see) is to believe.I won’t believe it until I see it with my own eyes.
10．My decision is to__set(set) up my own website after graduation from university.
单句改错
1．Susan was the first person in our office to thinking of the idea.thinking→think
2．It will be a good opportunity exchange experience.在opportunity后加to
3．The boss makes them to work as long as 13 hours every day.去掉to
4．All these worries made impossible for her to concentrate on her work.在made后加it
5．Mum always encourages us express our ideas and feelings bravely.在us后加to
6．Robert did nothing but to play video games the whole evening.去掉to
7．The children were asked put away all the toys they had played with.在asked后加to
8．Alice found it impossible for her collect so much money in such a short time.在her后加to
同义句改写
1．It is time that we took measures to improve air quality.
→It is time for us to__take measures to improve air quality.
2．It is said that Mrs.Yang has finished her third book about teenagers.
→Mrs.Yang is__said__to__have__finished her third book about teenagers.
3．Bob was so frightened that he didn’t say a word before so many people.
→Bob was too__frightened__to__say a word before so many people.
4．It seems that the guide is talking with some guests from the United States.
→The guide seems__to__be__talking__with some guests from the United States.
5．The workers spent more than three years completing the high?speed railway.
→It took the workers more than three years to__complete the high?speed railway.
单句语法填空
1．(2018·天津卷)I didn’t mean to__eat(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying (try) it.
2．Amy managed to__fly(fly) across many countries and finally reached Australia.
3．One of our goals is to__win(win) the world championship in table tennis this year.
4．To__complete(complete) the report in time, Ann spent three days in the school library.
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long to__see(see) the benefit.
6．They came to the restaurant after work, only to__find(find) that it was being decorated.
7．It is difficult for us to__imagine(imagine) his accepting the decision without any consideration.
8．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me to__stay (stay) and watch.
9．A lack of concentration seriously affects their ability to__study(study) and thus their test results.
10．Do you know who is the first person to__climb(climb) the tallest mountain in the world?
11．You are silly to__have__told(tell) your secret to Rose.Now most of the classmates know that you failed in maths.
12．The final examination is drawing near, so we have no choice but to__focus(focus) on our studies.
阅读理解
The sense of sound occurs when the vibrations(震动) from sounds enter our ears and cause hair cells to move back and forth.The hair cells transform this movement into an electrical signal that the brain can use.How well a person can hear largely depends on how complete these hair cells are.Once lost, they won’t return—and this is no different for blind people.So blind people can’t physically hear better than others.
Yet blind people often outperform sighted people in hearing tasks such as locating the source of sounds.The reason for this becomes clear when we look beyond the sensory organs.
Awareness occurs when the brain explains signals that our sensory organs provide.Different parts of the brain respond to the information arriving from different sensory organs.There are different areas for processing visual and sound information.But when a sense like vision is lost, the brain can reorganize the functions of these brain areas.In blind people, the visual area gets a bit bored without visual information and starts to renew itself, becoming more sensitive to information from the other remaining senses.So blind people may have lost their vision, but this leaves a larger brain capacity for processing the information from other senses.
How well the brain reorganizes depends on when someone loses their sight.The brain can reorganize itself at any point in life, but during childhood the brain is more able to adapt to change.Because during childhood the brain is still developing and the new organization of the brain does not have to compete with an existing one.
Blind people will also rely more on their remaining senses to do everyday tasks, which means that they train their remaining senses on a daily basis.The reorganized brain together with the greater experience in using their remaining senses is considered as an important factor in blind people having an edge over sighted people in hearing and touch.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了盲人在听力等其他感官上表现更突出的原因。
1．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．The hair cells are unable to grow back if lost.
B．The hair cells of the disabled are less complete.
C．Our brain can control the movement of hair cells.
D．Complete hair cells contribute to better mental health.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Once lost，they won’t return...no different for blind people.可知，耳部毛细胞一旦消失就无法恢复了。
2．People who have been blind from a very early age may ________．
A．be confident in performing hearing tasks
B．have difficulty adapting to changes in life
C．be less skilled in learning than deaf adults
D．show a better level of reorganization in the brain
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段How well the brain reorganizes depends on...during childhood the brain is more able to adapt to change...does not have to compete with an existing one.可推断，失去视力的时间越早，盲人脑部感官信息重组的能力越强。
3．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The relationship between hearing and eyesight.
B．Why blind people perform better in other senses.
C．The role of our brain in improving our adaptability.
D．How we can improve hearing by learning from the blind.
B 解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段Yet blind people often outperform sighted people in hearing tasks...和文章大意可知，本文主要分析了盲人在其他感官上表现更突出的原因。
完形填空
Two days ago, my three?year?old son and I were shopping at a grocery store.At the checkout, a mother didn’t have enough money for her milk and cheese, so the grocery store manager __1__ the items from her cart and carried them away to the refrigerator section.
My son and I watched, trying not to __2__ her.In fact there have been times when I didn’t have enough money to buy groceries I needed, but today was __3__， and we had enough money.I __4__ to my son and told him to get the manager back with the items, but he didn’t __5__ me.Just at that moment, the lady left with her son and __6__ groceries than she had planned.I told the checkout guy to __7__ me for her milk and cheese.Then my son and I would __8__ to the parking lot and __9__ her.
But when we __10__ got there, the mom and her son had left.They were __11__ in 60 seconds and with them went my __12__ to gift these few but necessary items.
My son and I walked around the parking lot, asking other shoppers if they had seen them.No one had.We were too late.I felt __13__ for not speaking up and telling her what I wanted to do for her __14__．
I kept thinking about my __15__： because I didn’t want to make her uncomfortable, and didn’t want to cause __16__ and because I was worried about my future grocery trips.It’s my decision that __17__ a necessary kindness.Even though I didn’t believe any of them，__18__ them slowed me down.
So I ask myself and you, my dear friends，__19__ we allow our minds to slow our __20__ towards love and kindness, is it still an act of kindness?
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者和儿子在商店偶遇一位带着小孩的母亲，她没有足够的钱支付所需的东西，作者本想帮助她，却因一时犹豫错失了机会，作者感到自责并陷入了深思。
1．A.kept B．removed
C．prevented D．lifted
B 解析：根据上文，这位母亲的钱不够支付牛奶和奶酪，因此商店经理把这些商品从她的购物车里拿了出来，removed符合语境。
2．A.annoy B．embarrass
C．disturb D．worry
B 解析：根据语境可知，作者和她的儿子看着发生的这一幕，他们尽量不让这位母亲感到“尴尬”。
3．A.lucky B．busy
C．different D．cold
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者想起自己曾经也有好几次因钱不够而买不了东西，但是今天“不同”，他们有足够的钱。
4．A.cried B．shouted
C．whispered D．reacted
C 解析：根据上文可知，作者担心自己主动提出帮忙会让对方尴尬，故此时作者和儿子讲话时应是“低声说”。
5．A.understand B．forgive
C．believe D．mention
A 解析：作者想让儿子请经理把拿走的商品拿回来，以帮那位女士买单，但儿子没“明白”她的意思。
6．A.heavier B．smaller
C．more D．fewer
D 解析：那位母亲钱不够，所以只能拿着比自己原计划“少”的商品离开，fewer符合语境。
7．A.ask B．offer
C．pay D．charge
D 解析：作者要替那位母亲买下牛奶和奶酪，故让收银员向她收费。charge sb. for sth.意为“因为某物向某人要价”。
8．A.ride B．run
C．point D．walk
B 解析：根据语境可知，作者在买完单后，便“跑”去停车场找那位母亲。
9．A.thank B．catch
C．help D．accompany
B 解析：那位母亲已经离开了，作者和她的儿子去“追赶”那位母亲。
10．A.tiredly B．gladly
C．hurriedly D．nervously
C 解析：他们“匆忙地”赶到停车场。
11．A.gone B．missed
C．found D．teased
A 解析：根据下文可知，作者并未找到那对母子，他们已经“走了”。
12．A.aim B．challenge
C．desire D．chance
D 解析：此处作者是说那对母子走了，同样带走的还有作者想要把东西送给他们的“机会”。
13．A.relaxed B．terrible
C．calm D．scared
B 解析：根据语境可知，作者没能帮助到对方，因此心情很“糟糕”。
14．A.immediately B．secretly
C．suddenly D．seriously
A 解析：作者为自己刚才没有“立刻”告诉那位母亲她想给予帮助而感到自责。
15．A.hesitation B．situation
C．fault D．explanation
A 解析：根据冒号后面的内容可知，作者在反思自己“犹豫”的原因。
16．A.panic B．danger
C．trouble D．damage
C 解析：此处描写作者犹豫的其中一个原因是怕惹麻烦，故选trouble。
17．A.held out B．held on
C．held down D．held back
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者认为正是自己的一个决定使自己失去了行善的机会，hold back意为“阻止，抑制”。
18．A.remembering B．searching
C．processing D．ignoring
C 解析：尽管作者并不认可上文说的那些情况，但思考和处理这些事延缓了她的行动。processing符合语境。
19．A.if B．unless
C．because D．although
A 解析：作者反思：如果我们的大脑使我们放慢了为爱和善良而行动的速度，这种行为还能称之为一种善举吗？
20．A.thought B．sound
C．heart D．action
D 解析：此处指我们善良的行动，action符合语境。
语法填空
Depending on where you live in Australia, public transport might include buses, trains, trams, light?rail systems, or ferries.As for most 1.____________(form) of public transport, people can purchase 2.____________ one?way or return ticket for a single journey.There are weekly, monthly or yearly passes.A yearly pass is the 3.____________(cheap) option if you plan on travelling a lot.
Tickets that allow you 4.____________(travel) on all public transport are also available.Some buses are “pre?paid only”，5.____________(mean) that you must board with a ticket you purchased in advance.This rule 6.____________(actual) applies to buses running on weekdays from 7 a．m. to 7 p．m.
Larger cities are divided into different public transport zones and ticket prices may increase if you travel across multiple(多个) zones.All zones 7.____________(mark) on maps clearly.If you have a one?zone ticket and wish to travel to another zone, you must pay the price difference.
Bus stops display information 8.____________ which buses stop there, their destinations, and timetables.If you want to know the schedule of a certain bus 9.____________(make) by the government, access the website of your local transport authority(官方)．You can create a trip plan 10.____________ shows you the time your journey will take and the fare.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了澳大利亚的公共交通情况。
1．forms 解析：考查名词复数。此处指大多数交通工具，故用form的复数形式。
2．a 解析：考查冠词。a one?way or return ticket指“一张单程票或返程票”，此处用a表示泛指。
3．cheapest 解析：考查形容词的最高级。句意：如果旅行计划较多，年票是最便宜的选择，故用cheap的最高级。
4．to travel 解析：考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”。
5．meaning 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处用现在分词作伴随状语。句意：一些公共汽车是提前买票的，这意味着你要提前买票才能上车。
6．actually 解析：考查副词。句意：事实上，这条规则适用于从周一到周五的上午7点到下午7点运行的公交车。
7．are marked 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。此处zones和mark之间为被动关系，且为陈述事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
8．about/on 解析：考查介词。句意：公交站点会显示停靠此站的公交车、目的地和时间表的相关信息。
9．made 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处the schedule of a certain bus和make之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
10．that/which 解析：考查关系代词。根据语境可知，此句为定语从句。定语从句中缺少主语，先行词为a trip plan，故填that/which。
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Section Ⅴ Writing
建议信
文体感知
建议信属于应用文。建议信是向收信人就某事提出自己的建议或忠告，以便让对方接受自己的想法、主张并解决有关问题。建议信可以写给个人，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法或观点；也可以写给某个组织或者机构，就改进其服务等提出建议或忠告。语气一定要得当，既要委婉礼貌，又要有说服力。
亮点句式
1．As is known to all, vocabulary is of great importance.
众所周知，词汇是非常重要的。
2．You should spend half an hour in the morning reciting words and reading texts aloud.
你应该早上花半个小时的时间背单词和大声朗读课文。
3．I hope that my suggestions are helpful for you anyway.
无论如何，我希望我的建议对你有所帮助。
4．I would be more than happy to see improvement.
我会非常高兴看到情况改善。
写作模板
Dear ××，
I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to ________(引出主题)．Here are a few suggestions.
First, it is important to ________．Besides, it should be a good idea to ________．You can also________．(此三句用不同的句式提出建议)．As to________，I suggest________(有时根据需要具体到某一方面)．In addition, ________(其他建议)．I’m sure________(预测可能的结果，给对方以行动的信心和决心)．
I’m looking forward to________(表达愿望)．
Sincerely yours，
××
写作要求
假如你是李夏。你看到美国留学生Sharon在网上发帖，希望有人能帮助她提高普通话(Mandarin)水平，她可以以教英语作为回报。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电子邮件。
1．表达给她提供帮助的意愿；
2．说明你能胜任辅导的理由；
3．给出讲好普通话的两点建议；
4．提出你学习英语的具体需求。
注意：词数100左右。
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．对……感兴趣be__interested__in
2．适合，胜任……be__fit__for...
3．花费时间做……spend__time__doing...
4．与……交流communicate__with...
5．对……重要be__important__for
6．取得重大进步make__great__progress
7．渴望做……be__eager__to__do
8．允许某人做某事allow__sb.to__do__sth.
遣词造句
1. 完成句子
①作为一名中国学生，我学普通话很多年了。
As a Chinese student，I have__been__learning Mandarin for many years.
②普通话对我在日常生活中与他人交流非常重要。
Mandarin is__very__important__for me __to__communicate__with others in my daily life.
③如果你想学好普通话，你每天要花费很多时间练习它。
If you want to learn Mandarin well，you need__to__spend__much__time__practicing it every day.
④你可以读汉语书，看汉语电影，听汉语的广播节目。
You can read__Chinese__books,__see__Chinese__films__and__listen__to__Chinese__radio
__programs．
⑤对语言学习来说，说与听是非常重要的。
Speaking and listening is very__important__for language learning.
2．句式升级
⑥用定语从句将句①和句②变成一个主从复合句。
As__a__Chinese__student,____I__have__been__learning__Mandarin__for__many__years,__which__is__very__important__for__me__to__communicate__with__others__in__my__daily__life.
⑦用and, as well连接句④和句⑤。
You__can__read__Chinese__books,__see__Chinese__films__and__listen__to__Chinese__radio__programs,__and__speaking__and__listening__is__very__important__for__language__learning__as__well.
妙笔成篇
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One possible version：
Dear Sharon，
I’m Li Xia.I have learned from your post that you want someone to help you improve your Mandarin.I am interested in it and I think I am fit for it.As a Chinese student, I have been learning Mandarin for many years, which is very important for me to communicate with others in my daily life.So I’m confident that I can help you learn Mandarin.
If you want to learn Mandarin well, you need to spend much time practicing it every day.As the saying goes, practice makes perfect.Besides, you can read Chinese books, see Chinese films and listen to Chinese radio programs, and speaking and listening is very important for language learning as well.Thus you are sure to make great progress.
In your post, you say you can teach English as a reward.It is just what I want.I’m eager to improve my English.If you can let me help you learn Mandarin, I can ask you to help me improve my English.So we can make an improvement together.
Looking forward to your early reply!
Yours sincerely，
Li Xia
假设你是李华，最近你在某西餐厅和一位残疾人朋友聚餐时发现餐厅未考虑残疾顾客的一些需求。请你根据提示用英语给餐厅负责人史密斯先生写一封建议信，希望餐厅改进服务质量。
1．为盲人顾客读菜单；
2．服务人员学会使用手势语；
3．为坐轮椅的顾客设置专门的餐桌。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr.Smith，
________________________________________________________________________
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Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Mr.Smith，
I’m writing to give some suggestions on how to better serve disabled customers.
First，it is necessary to read the menu for blind customers, as it shows your respect for them and makes them comfortable.Second, if the waiters can use gestures, deaf?mute customers or those with hearing problems would be very happy.Third, there could be some special tables for people in wheelchairs.If you could pay attention to the needs of different customers, the customers will enjoy eating in your restaurant.
I hope you’ll find my suggestions useful.
Yours__sincerely，
Li__Hua
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Unit 1 Living well
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.adapt vt.使适应；改编
①Parents should pay attention to the cases where their children have difficulty adapting(adapt) to new surroundings.
②The hot play on TV is an adaptation(adapt) of a short novel written by Mo Yan.
2.graduation n．毕业；毕业典礼
①Graduation(graduate) is a good time to thank those who help you get through the tough years.
②My brother is a graduate in physics and he graduated from Beijing University. He has been working in a famous company since graduation．(graduate)
3.disability n．伤残；无力
For a long time, mental disability was considered shameful and the mentally disabled received little treatment or encouragement.(disable)
4.beneficial adj.有益的；受益的
①As we all know, fresh air is beneficial(benefit) to our health.
②In the exams, beautiful and neat handwriting is of great benefit(benefit) to us students.
5.annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼
①It is very annoying(annoy) that I couldn’t get access to the data bank that you suggest.
②To be honest, I am annoyed with him about his annoying habit.(annoy)
重点词汇夯实练
6.congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺
①After the competition, we offered him our congratulations(congratulate) on his success.
②I congratulated(congratulate) you on the best thing that you had done.
7.access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性
①I think running is the best sport for weight loss because it is cheap and accessible(access), and there are fewer barriers to get into a routine.
②Our school provides all the senior students with easy access to borrowing books from the school library.
8.encouragement n．鼓励；奖励
①With support and encouragement(encourage) from their parents, students made great progress.
②At the school meeting, the encouraging speech given by the headmaster made students greatly encouraged. Thanks to his encouragement,__students studied harder than ever before. (encourage)
9.absence n．缺席；不在某处
①On the other hand, his absence(absent) finally led to his being fired last month.
②Concerned about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent__from__class(缺课).
10.assistance n．协助；援助
He often assists the students with their problems and gives assistance to any student in need.(assist)
阅读词汇排查练
1.dictation n． 口授；听写(的文字)
2.entry n. 项目；进入；入口
3.bench n. 长凳
4.microscope n. 显微镜
5.parrot n. 鹦鹉
6.tank n. (盛液体、气体的)大容器；缸；大桶
7.tortoise n. 陆龟；龟
8.literature n． 文学(作品)；著作；文献
9.companion n. 同伴；伙伴
10.adequate adj. 足够的；充分的
11.exit n. 出口；离开；退场
12.community n. 社区；团体；社会
13.abolish vt. 废除；废止
14.slavery n． 奴隶制
15.bowling n． 保龄球
16.certificate n． 证书
17.architect n． 建筑师
18.handy adj. 方便的；有用的
19.basement n． 地下室
20.profit n. 收益；利润；盈利
21.dignity n． 尊严；高贵的品质
重点短语
会书写
1.in__other__words 换句话说
2.cut__out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)
3.all__in__all 总而言之
4.as__well__as 和；也
5.make__fun__of 取笑
6.all__the__best (口语)(祝你)一切顺利
7.adapt__to 适合
8.out__of__breath 上气不接下气
9.sit__around 闲坐着
10.in__many__ways 在很多方面
11.never__mind 不必担心
12.meet__with 遇到；经历；会晤
会应用
1.Some people are sitting__around while others are doing all the work.
2.He looks like his father in__many__ways,__such as eyes, the nose and so on.
3.As__well__as studying English at school, Alice taught herself Japanese at home.
4.The power went off suddenly last night.After I walked upstairs to my home on the 22nd floor，I was out__of__breath.
5.Some of his suggestions met__with the manager’s approval, which made him very happy.
6.Miss Yang gets along well with her students. In__other__words,__her students like her very much.
重点句型
句式 仿写
1.too ... to ... 太……而不能……Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered. 说实话，他很固执，你说服不了他改变主意。To be honest, he is too__stubborn__for__you__to__persuade him to change his mind.
2.every time 引导时间状语从句Every time I returned after an absence，I felt stupid because I was behind the others. 每次我看电影《芳华》，我就会被电影里的感人故事所感动。Every__time I see the movie Youth, I will be moved by the moving story in it.
3.现在分词短语作伴随状语I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 小男孩坐在课桌旁，集中精力听课。The little boy sat at the desk, fixing__his__attention on his lesson.
4.“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.＋as...”结构 Just accept them for who they are，and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do. 尽管残疾，杰克却和其他人一样过着正常的生活。In spite of disability, Jack can live as__normal__a__life__as everybody else.
5.suggest that sb.(should) do sth.建议某人做某事So I’d like to suggest that the seats at the back be placed higher than those at the front so that everyone can see the screen easily. 医生建议他应该休息几天。The doctor suggested that__he(should)__have__a__rest for a few days.
6.It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)方便做某事For disabled customers it would be more convenient to place the toilets near the entrance to the cinema. 网上购物相当方便，而且还可以买到各种廉价商品。It__is__quite__convenient__to__shop__online and you can also buy a wide variety of goods at a low price.
单元语法
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to__get(get) there.
2．The most important thing is to__put(put) theory into practice.
3．As the famous saying goes，“It is never too late to__learn(learn)．”
4．When you meet people from different cultures，it is important to__understand(understand) what you can do and cannot do.
5．You lose weight for a while, only to__gain(gain) back more weight when you stop your weight loss program.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．李磊在一次事故中受伤致残。(injured; disabled)
2．他的行为变得有点滑稽。(conduct)
3．有些同学每次见到他就取笑他。(every time; make fun of)
4．对此他感到很烦恼。(annoy)
5．起初，他在诸多方面难以适应自己的残疾。(in many ways; adapt oneself to; disability)
6．换句话说，他很多事都不能做了，如打篮球和踢足球。(in other words; have access to)
7．医生建议他除了足够的休息外，还要经常锻炼。(adequate; as well as)
8．这种特殊的训练对他的康复很有好处。(be beneficial to)
9．几个月之后，他康复了，并能像以前一样过丰富而充实的生活。(as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as...)
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One possible version：
Li Lei got injured and disabled in an accident, making his conduct a bit funny.Every time some of his fellow students saw him, they would make fun of him, at which he was quite annoyed.At first, he had trouble in adapting himself to his disability in many ways; in other words, he had no access to many things, such as playing basketball and football.The doctor suggested that he should do regular exercise as well as having adequate rest, which was greatly beneficial to his recovery.Several months later, he recovered and could live as rich and full a life as before.
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