Unit 2 Robots
Fast?food Restaurants Are Using Robots
American restaurants are employing robots to make up for a lack of fast?food workers. Businesses around the world are increasingly turning to reduce running costs—and fast?food restaurants are acting as pioneers of the robot revolution.
Last year, we saw Flippy, the burger?flipping(翻转汉堡包的) robot, work in a Californian burger restaurant. And now US burger chain Wendy’s has begun using self?cleaning ovens(烤箱) in some stores, according to The Wall Street Journal.
Meaty restaurant chain Arby’s also uses smart ovens, which can cook roast beef and then switch to a“holding” mode(模式). This means employees can cook food for the next day the night before, rather than arrive at 7 am to start roasting.
It’s an unsurprising response to a lack of fast?food workers.
“I’ve never seen the labor(劳动力) market this tight，” said Scotty Murphy, Chief Operating Officer for Dunkin’ Donuts. “We spend a lot of time training people and a month later they walk out the door.”
The US food and drink industry had 844，000 unfilled positions in April last year—a record high.
Dunkin’ Donuts has already automated some processes—like producing labels for food, and measuring the quality of coffee.
“I don’t have to be always worried about other smaller tasks that were tiresome，” said Alexandra Guajardo, the leader at a Dunkin’ Donuts store in California.“I can focus on other things that need my attention in the restaurant.”
A study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development said food preparation faced the highest probability of automation among 88 industries.
“In this market, employees will leave if they have one bad day，” Patrick Sugrue, Chief Executive Officer of Saladworks said.“If that happens, having this technology in place makes it easier to deal with.”
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.desire n． 渴望；欲望；渴求
vt. 希望得到；想要
2.sympathy n. 同情(心)
3.necklace n. 项链
4.scan vt. 细看；仔细检查；粗略地看；浏览；扫描
5.clerk n． 售货员；职员；旅馆接待员
6.awful adj. 极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；
(口语)糟透的
7.envy vt. 忌妒；羡慕
拓展词汇
8.satisfaction n．满意；满足；令人满意的事物→satisfy vt.使……满意→satisfied adj.(感到)满意的→satisfying adj.令人满意的
9.alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 n．警报；惊恐→alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的→alarming adj.令人惊慌的
10.favour n．喜爱；恩惠 vt.喜爱；偏袒→favourite adj.特别喜爱的
11.accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏→company n．陪伴；公司
12.declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称→declaration n．宣布；宣言；声明
阅读词汇
13.household adj. 家庭的；家用的
n. 一家人；家庭
14.fiction n. 小说；虚构或想象出来的事
15.bonus n. 额外津贴；奖金；红利
16.apron n. 围裙
17.elegant adj. 优雅的；高雅的；讲究的
18.absurd adj. 荒谬的；可笑的
19.haircut n. 发型；理发
20.cushion n. (坐、跪时用的)软垫；靠垫；
垫子
21.counter n. 柜台；计数器
22.cuisine n. 烹饪(风味)；菜肴
重点短语
1.test__out 考验出；检验完
2.or__rather 更确切地说
3.ring__up 给……打电话
4.leave...alone 不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；
和……单独在一起
5.fall__in__love 陷入爱河；爱上
6.take__away 拿走；带走
7.turn__around 转身；翻转
8.fall__off 从……上掉下来
重点句型
1.it作形式主语：It__was__disturbing__and__frightening__that(这使她觉得心烦和害怕) he looked so human.
2.It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...强调句型：It__was__then__that(就在那时) Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window.
3.can’t have sb.doing sth.不允许某人做某事：But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt—you cannot__have__women__falling__in__love__with__machines(总不能让女人和机器相爱).
Fast?reading
Skim the text and do the following exercises.
1．The text mainly tells us ________．
A．how a robot used for housework is tested out in a family
B．why Claire fell in love with a human being
C．why a robot fell in love with a human being
D．that a robot can save a human being from danger
答案：A
2．Match the main idea with each part.
Part 1(Paras.1－3) A．Tony helped Claire change herself and her home.
Part 2(Paras.4－8) B．The result of the test.
Part 3(Paras.9－11) C．Claire met the robot Tony.
Part 4(Para.12) D．Tony helped Claire hold a party.
答案：CADB
Careful?reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Larry brought a robot home to ________．
A．make his wife happy
B．test it out
C．send his wife a gift
D．free his wife from work
2．Why did Claire feel alarmed at the sight of Tony?
A．Because he was a robot.
B．Because she didn’t like him.
C．Because he was more like a human than a machine.
D．Because he never changed his facial expressions.
3．Who did Claire turn to for help when the clerk at the counter was rude to her?
A．Her husband.
B．Gladys Claffern.
C．Tony, the robot.
D．The manager of the shop.
4．What happened to Tony in the end?
A．The company was pleased and made other similar robots.
B．The company was pleased, but would rebuild Tony.
C．The company was pleased and Tony would replace Larry.
D．The company was pleased, but would protect Tony from being seen.
答案：1－4.BCCB
Study?reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Claire didn’t want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed.
①本句是一个由but连接的并列复合句。
②前一个分句中，Claire didn’t want the robot in her house是主句，as引导时间状语从句。
③后一个分句中，Larry persuaded her是主句，that引导宾语从句。
[翻译] 克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里，特别是在她丈夫离家三周期间。但是拉里说服了她。他说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会让别人伤害她。
2．She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn’t want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.
这是一个由and连接的并列句，在第二个分句中heard him declare...是“hear＋宾语＋宾补”结构；declare后是由and连接的两个并列的宾语从句。
[翻译] 她大叫了一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼声明说，第二天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅使她开心。
3．He had opened the curtains that night so that the other women would see him and Claire，knowing that there was no risk to Claire’s marriage.
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②He had opened the curtains that night是主句；so that引导目的状语从句。
③knowing...marriage是动词－ing形式短语作伴随状语，knowing后跟that引导的宾语从句。
[翻译] 那天晚上他拉开窗帘，让其他女人看到了他和克莱尔在一起，他明白这么做对克莱尔的婚姻并不造成危害。
①satisfaction[?s?tIs'f?k?n]n.满意；满足；令人满意的事物
satisfactory adj. 令人满意的
satisfying adj. 令人满意的
satisfied adj. 感到满意的
②household['ha?sh??ld]
adj.家庭的；家用的
n．一家人；家庭
③test out考验出；检验完
同义词组：try out试验；检验
④absent adj.不在的；缺席的
be absent from 缺席……
⑤bonus['b??n?s]n.额外津贴；奖金；红利
⑥alarmed[?'lɑ?md]adj.
担心的；害怕的
alarm[?'lɑ?m]vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 n．警报；惊恐
⑦apron['eIpr?n]n.围裙
⑧embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的
embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的
⑨disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
⑩ridiculous adj.可笑的；
荒谬的
?sympathy['sImp?θI]n.
同情(心)
have sympathy 有同情心
in sympathy with 赞成；支持
?overweight[???v?'weIt]
adj.超重的；体重超常的
?elegant['elIɡ?nt]adj.优雅的；高雅的；讲究的
?favour['feIv?]n.喜爱；
恩惠 vt.喜爱；偏袒
do sb. a favour帮某人忙
?pile[paIl]n.堆；摞；叠
vi.堆起；堆积vt.把……堆起；积聚
a pile of“一堆；大量；许多”，可接可数名词复数或者不可数名词。
?or rather更确切地说
?scan[sk?n]vt.细看；仔细检查；粗略地看；浏览；扫描
?with wonder惊奇地
?reach for伸手取/够/拿
?amazed adj.惊异的
be amazed by 对……感到惊异
fingernail['fI?ɡ?neIl]n.
手指甲
absurd[?b's??d]adj.荒谬的；可笑的
haircut['he?k?t]n.发型；理发
makeup['meIk?p]n.
化妆品
make up化妆；构成；
编造；和解
make up for弥补
accompany[?'k?mp?nI]
vt.陪伴；伴奏
accompany sb. to
陪某人去……
accompany sb. on
用……给某人伴奏
cushion['k??n]n.(坐、跪时用的)软垫；靠垫；垫子
bedding['bedI?]n.寝具；
铺盖
necklace['neklIs]n.项链
clerk[klɑ?k；kl??rk]n.售货员；职员；旅馆接待员
counter['ka?nt?]n.柜台；计数器
ring up给……打电话
turn around转身；翻转
awful['??fl]adj.极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；(口语)糟透的
affair[?'fe?]n.事务；事情；暧昧关系
have an affair有暧昧关系
after all毕竟
above all 最重要的是
in all 总共
weep vi.(wept，wept)流泪
with anger因为生气
with表示原因
armchair['ɑ?mt?e?]n.扶手椅；单座沙发
transform v．转变；改变
manage to do设法做成
in time及时；迟早
on time按时
in one’s arms在某人的怀抱里
strike v．(struck，struck)此处表示“钟敲几点”。
fold vt.抱住；折叠；合拢
fold one’s arms around
环抱着
declare[dI'kle?]vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
more than不仅仅是，远非
free vt.放开；释放；
使解脱
impress vt.给……留下深刻的印象
be impressed by/with
对……印象深刻
cuisine[kwI'zi?n]n.烹饪
(风味)；菜肴
envy['envI]vt.忌妒；羡慕
envy sb. sth.羡慕某人某事
leave...alone不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起
let alone更不用说(多用作插入语)
drive up(车、船等)开上前来
take away带走
protect sb.from sth.保护某人免受某物的侵害
prevent sb.from doing
sth.阻止某人做某事
sense of failure失败感
sense of safety安全感
fall in love with与……相爱(强调动作)
fall in love with sb.＋时间段(×)
be in love with与……相爱(强调状态)
be in love with sb.＋时间段(√)
SATISFACTION① GUARANTEED
Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots. Recently it had begun experimenting with a household② robot. It was going to be tested out③ by Larry’s wife, Claire.
◆that made robots是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a company。
Claire didn’t want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent④ for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. It would be a bonus⑤. However, when she first saw the robot, she felt alarmed⑥. His name was Tony and he seemed more like a human than a machine. He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice although his facial expression never changed.
◆as her husband would be absent... 是as引导的时间状语从句。
◆more...than...与其说……倒不如说……
On the second morning Tony, wearing an apron⑦，brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing. She felt embarrassed⑧ and quickly told him to go. It was disturbing⑨ and frightening that he looked so human.
◆Tony, wearing...dressing中，wearing an apron是现在分词短语作定语，whether she needed...是whether引导的宾语从句。
◆在句式“It is＋adj.＋that...”中，it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。
One day, Claire mentioned that she didn’t think she was clever. Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy? by a robot. But she began to trust him. She told him how she was overweight? and this made her feel unhappy. Also she felt her home wasn’t elegant? enough for someone like Larry who wanted to improve his social position. She wasn’t like Gladys Claffern, one of the richest and most powerful women around.
◆it was ridiculous to...robot是宾语从句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是to be...robot。
◆who wanted to improve his social position是who引导的定语从句，修饰Larry。
As a favour? Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant. So Claire borrowed a pile? of books from the library for him to read, or rather? , scan?. She looked at his fingers with wonder? as they turned each page and suddenly reached for? his hand. She was amazed? by his fingernails and the softness and warmth of his skin. How absurd , she thought. He was just a machine.
◆as they turned each page是as引导的时间状语从句。
Tony gave Claire a new haircut and changed the makeup she wore. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her. Claire went into the city and bought curtains, cushions, a carpet and bedding. Then she went into a jewellery shop to buy a necklace. When the clerk at the counter was rude to her, she rang Tony upand told the clerk to speak to him. The clerk immediately changed his attitude. Claire thanked Tony, telling him that he was a “dear”. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. By the amused and surprised look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair. After all, she knew Claire’s husband’s name was Larry, not Tony.
◆she wore是定语从句，关系代词that/which已省略。wear此处指“擦用(化妆品)”。
◆As he was not allowed to accompany...是as引导的原因状语从句。
◆现在分词短语telling him that he was a “dear”作状语，表示补充说明。
◆there stood Gladys Claffern是完全倒装句。
When Claire got home, she wept with anger in her armchair. Gladys was everything Claire wanted to be. “You can be like her，” Tony told her and suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. By that time, Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.
◆Claire wanted to be是省略that的定语从句，修饰everything。
◆suggest(建议)＋that＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形＋其他。
Tony worked steadily on the improvements. Claire tried to help once but was too clumsy. She fell off a ladder and even though Tony was in the next room, he managed to catch her in time. He held her firmly in his arms and she felt the warmth of his body. She screamed, pushed him away and ran to her room for the rest of the day.
◆even though“即使”，引导让步状语从句。
The night of the party arrived. The clock struck eight. The guests would be arriving soon and Claire told Tony to go into another room. At that moment, Tony folded his arms around her, bending his face close to hers. She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn’t want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. Then the front door bell rang. Tony freedher and disappeared from sight. It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window. Her guests had seen everything!
◆现在分词短语bending his face close to hers在句中作伴随状语。
◆declare that he didn’t...please her含有两个并列的宾语从句，第一个宾语从句that he didn’t...中that可省略，但第二个宾语从句that he felt...中that通常不省略。
◆“It was then that Claire realized...”是强调句型，强调时间状语then。
The women were impressed by Claire, the house and the delicious cuisine. Just before they left, Claire heard Gladys whispering to another woman that she had never seen anyone so handsome as Tony. What a sweet victory to be envied by those women! She might not be as beautiful as them, but none of them had such a handsome lover.
◆hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事。
◆so＋adj.＋as...与……一样……，多用于否定句中。
◆“What a sweet victory to be envied by those women！”是由“It is a sweet victory to be envied...”变来的感叹句。
Then she remembered—Tony was just a machine.She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed. She cried all night. The next morning a car drove up and took Tony away.
The company was very pleased with Tony’s report on his three weeks with Claire. Tony had protected a human being from harm. He had prevented Claire from harming herself through her own sense of failure. He had opened the curtains that night so that the other women would see him and Claire, knowing that there was no risk to Claire’s marriage. But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt—you cannot have women falling in love with machines.
◆He had... marriage.中so that the other...是so that引导的目的状语从句；knowing that...是现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中that there...是that引导的宾语从句。
◆cannot/won’t have sb. doing sth.不允许某人做某事
包君满意
拉里·贝尔蒙特在一家生产机器人的公司里工作。最近，该公司要对一个家用机器人进行试验。该机器人将由拉里的夫人克莱尔来测试。
克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里，特别是在她丈夫离家三周期间。但是拉里说服了她。他说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会让别人伤害她。这样会是个意外的收获。然而她初次见到机器人的时候就感到有点儿担心。机器人名叫托尼，看上去更像一个人，而不像一台机器。他虽然面部表情毫无变化，但是个子高大，相貌英俊，头发平整，声音低沉浑厚。
第二天早晨，托尼系着围裙，给她端来了早餐，然后问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。她感到尴尬，很快就打发他走了。机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。
一天，克莱尔说起，她觉得自己不聪明。托尼说，她一定是很不高兴，才会说出那样的话。克莱尔觉得，被一个机器人同情很荒唐。但是她开始信任托尼了。她告诉托尼她太胖了，这让她很不高兴。还有对于像拉里这样很想提高社会地位的人来说，她的家也不够高雅。她跟格拉迪丝·克拉芬不一样，格拉迪丝是远近闻名的最有钱有势的女人之一。
托尼为让克莱尔高兴，答应帮助她，使她变得更聪明，使她的家变得更高雅大气。于是克莱尔从图书馆借来一堆书给托尼阅读，或者说给他浏览一下。她惊奇地看着他的手指翻动着书页，忍不住突然伸出手来摸他的手。他的手指甲和他那柔软温暖的皮肤使她感到大为惊异。她在想，这是多么可笑啊，他只不过是一台机器。
托尼给克莱尔换了个新发型，又改变了她的妆容。因为不被允许陪克莱尔去商店，托尼就给她写了一份购物清单。克莱尔进城去买了窗帘、坐垫、一个地毯和床上用品。然后她去了一家珠宝店买项链。当柜台售货员对她很粗鲁时，她就打电话给托尼，让售货员同托尼讲话。售货员马上就改变了态度。克莱尔对托尼表示感谢，并说他是个“可爱的人”。她刚一转过身来，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。克莱尔想，被格拉迪丝发现了，这多么难为情啊。从格拉迪丝脸上的那种有趣而又惊奇的神色来看，克莱尔知道，格拉迪丝认为她有风流韵事了。毕竟格拉迪丝知道克莱尔的丈夫是拉里，而不是托尼。
克莱尔回到家里，坐在扶手椅上气得直哭。格拉迪丝的一切都是克莱尔想模仿的。托尼告诉克莱尔：“你可以同格拉迪丝一样。”他还建议克莱尔邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友到家里来玩，时间就定在托尼离去和拉里回家之前的那个晚上。托尼想在那之前将房子改装得焕然一新。
托尼有条不紊地搞着装修。克莱尔有一次想来帮忙，但是太笨手笨脚了，竟从梯子上掉了下来。尽管托尼当时在隔壁房间，但他还是及时赶过来把她接住了。他把她紧紧地搂在怀里，她感觉到了他身上有股暖气。她尖叫了起来，把他推开，跑回她的房里，那天她就再也没有出来过。
聚会的那天晚上来到了。时钟敲响八点，客人马上就要到来了。克莱尔叫托尼到另一个房间里去。就在那一瞬间，托尼弯曲胳膊搂着她，弯下身去把脸贴近她的脸。她大叫了一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼声明说，第二天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足仅仅使她开心。就在这时，前门的门铃响了。托尼放开了她，消失得无影无踪了。就在那时，克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把前边窗户的窗帘拉开了。她的客人把这一切看得一清二楚！
克莱尔和她的房子、佳肴给女士们留下了深刻的印象。就在她们离开之前，克莱尔听到格拉迪丝跟另外一个女人小声地说，她从来没有见过像托尼这样英俊的男人。受到那些女士的忌妒，是多么甜美的胜利啊！克莱尔也许并没有她们那样漂亮，但是她们中没有任何一个人拥有这样英俊的情人。
这时候，她记起来了——托尼只不过是一台机器。她高声嚷着“让我独自待一会儿”就跑上床，哭了一个通宵。第二天早晨一辆汽车开来，把托尼接走了。
公司对托尼同克莱尔相处三个星期的实验报告非常满意。托尼保护了一个人免受伤害，他使克莱尔没有因为她的失败感而伤害自己。那天晚上他拉开窗帘，让其他女人看到了他和克莱尔在一起，他明白这么做对克莱尔的婚姻并不造成危害。但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得经过一番改造——总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。
阅读理解
A
A Harvard study of their graduates over thirty years found that there were only a small percentage(3%) of them who actually wrote down their goals and these were the most successful! You can be certain that every one of those students had repeatedly heard the value of goal setting. Yet only 3% actually wrote down their goals consistently. Imagine what you can do if you both write down your goals and, then, focus on them consistently, until they are accomplished!
What is it that causes the “New Year’s Resolution Syndrome”？ People make resolutions, work hard at them for a few weeks, maybe even a few months, and then forget them. Next year, they make the same New Year’s resolutions. That is the syndrome. So why do so many people do it?
They may be making goals that are too global, and too unrealistic. The elephant analogy(比喻) is still the best one I know of to illustrate good goal setting.“How do you eat an elephant? One spoonful at a time.” So it is with goals. Make spoon size goals and accomplish them easily. Once you’ve mastered this, get a bigger spoon!
You may have too many people in your life who consciously or subconsciously are unwilling or unable to support you to reach your goals. Surround yourself with people who want you to have what you want for yourself. Support each other and you’ll all achieve your highest goals.
We must be careful not to confuse busyness with progress. Be selective about how you use your time and what you focus on. Success often comes when you know what to leave out, rather than what to include in your life.
Goal setting is like the pig and chicken who were out for a walk in town early one morning. The chicken became really excited when she saw a sign that said “Ham & Eggs, $2.99”. She said to the pig, “Look, we’ve got double billing again.” The pig grunted and said, “That’s all right for you to say. For you, it’s all in a day’s work. For me, it’s total commitment.” Goal setting is all in a day’s work. Goal achievement is total commitment.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。树立目标是一个永恒的话题。树立目标易，实现目标难。作者建议我们应该合理设定目标，并通过不懈努力实现目标。
1．According to the elephant analogy, when setting goals, we should ________．
A．ask for others’ advice
B．set great and worthy goals
C．refer to the goals we set earlier
D．break a big goal into smaller pieces
D 解析：推理判断题。通读第三段，作者借用吃大象的比喻，告诉读者应该把大目标分解成具体可行的小目标。通过一步步实现小目标，而最终实现大目标。
2．What does the story of the pig and chicken imply?
A．When the cat is away, the mice will play.
B．The early bird catches the worm.
C．Birds of a feather flock together.
D．Rome is not built in one day.
D 解析：推理判断题。通读第六段，作者借用猪和鸡的故事，告诉读者设定目标容易，但是实现目标却是一个日积月累的过程。从而启发读者在设定目标后，应该不懈努力实现目标。
3．What can be the best title for this passage?
A．Surroundings Contribute to Success!
B．Goals Only Work When You Do!
C．Ways to Make New Year’s Resolutions
D．Suggestions for Setting Realistic Goals
B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲树立目标易，实现目标难。所以选择Goals Only Work When You Do！作文章标题最合适。只有朝着设定的目标不断奋斗，目标才有意义。
B
Georgia Tech is developing a robot that could eventually be used to dress humans in hospitals and elderly homes. According to the university, more than 1 million Americans require daily physical assistance to get dressed because of injury, disease and advanced age.
To address this problem researchers are developing a robot that can successfully slide hospital gowns(长袍) onto people’s arms. The robot known as PR2 taught itself to complete the task in just a single day by analyzing over 11，000 simulated(模拟的) examples of a robot putting a gown onto a human arm.
“People learn new skills using trial and error. We gave the PR2 the same opportunity，” said Zackory Erickson, the lead Georgia Tech Ph.D. student on the research team. “Doing thousands of trials on a human would have been dangerous, let alone impossibly dull. But in just one day, using simulations, the robot learned what a person may physically feel while getting dressed.”
The examples also allowed the robot to predict the consequences of different motions(动作). In some cases, moving the gown in one way led to the cloth being pulled tight. However, the robot can slide the gown on smoothly in other ways. The robot could use these predictions to select the right motions to comfortably and efficiently dress the patient. Once the robot did well in simulation, it turned to real patients.
“The key is that the robot is always thinking ahead，” said Charlie Kemp, an associate professor at Georgia Tech. “It asks itself, ‘If I pull the gown this way, will it cause more or less force on the person’s arm? What would happen if I go that way instead？’ The more robots can understand us, the more they’ll be able to help us. By predicting the physical implications of their actions, robots can provide assistance that is safer, more comfortable and more effective.”
Currently, the robot is able to just slide the sleeve of the gown onto the arm of a patient, and researchers say the final goal of fully dressing a human requires much more development and research.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍乔治亚理工大学正在研发一款穿衣机器人，从而帮助那些生活无法自理的人穿衣服。
4．Why does Georgia Tech try to develop such a robot?
A．To update hospitals’ medical equipment.
B．To help elderly homes reduce labor costs.
C．To encourage healthy Americans to enjoy life better.
D．To meet the needs of people requiring physical assistance.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的According to the university...require daily physical assistance to get dressed because of injury, disease and advanced age.及第二段中To address this problem...onto people’s arms.可知，研发穿衣机器人的目的是帮助身体上需要照顾的人。
5．When learning to dress people by simulations, the robot can________．
A．adjust its motions effectively
B．avoid repeated trials and errors
C．end up doing it better than humans
D．complete the whole process at one time
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的The robot could use these predictions...comfortably and efficiently dress the patient.可推断，通过模拟试验，机器人可以有效调节穿衣动作。
6．What’s Kemp’s attitude towards the robot being developed?
A．Objective. B．Negative.
C．Doubtful. D．Favorable.
D 解析：观点态度题。通读第五段，可知Kemp对正在开发的机器人是非常支持的。
7．What can we know about the robot being developed by Georgia Tech?
A．A million elderly Americans need it.
B．It will be put into production recently.
C．There is much room for improvement.
D．Finishing the development costs huge sums.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的the final goal of fully dressing a human requires much more development and research可知，目前这款穿衣机器人还需要做很多改进。
C
Visitors at the MIT Stratton Student Center chatted with high school students standing at various booths. 3D printers hummed(发出嗡嗡声), a remote?controlled plastic shark swam above their heads and tiny self?driving racecars moved down a complex racetrack while onlookers cheered them on.
This was the scene on Sunday at the final event of the Beaver Works Summer Institute(BWSI), a four?week summer science, technology, engineering, and math(STEM) program for rising high school seniors. It finds and attracts talented and motivated students throughout the world to science and engineering. BWSI started in 2016 with 46 students. On Sunday, the program concluded its third year with 198 students from 105 schools around the country.
“BWSI offers hands?on, project?based experiences that reinforce the students’ understanding of fundamental concepts in appearing technologies of tomorrow，” said Professor Karaman, an academic director of BWSI.
Students from Mexico, Canada, and the US also participated in the courses remotely by building the technologies in their own classrooms and listening in on webcasted lectures. At the end of the program, they travelled to the MIT campus to participate in the final event.
In the spirit of hands?on learning, students made their own 3D printers and radars, tested a home door lock system, and designed their own miniature(缩小的) racecars. Despite the challenging nature of the material, the students caught on quickly.
The organizers hope to expand the program in the future by helping schools develop their own local STEM programs. They are also brainstorming possible new course topics for next year.
Although the third year of BWSI is now over, the organizers hope the program will have a lasting impact on the students.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院举办面向高三新生的为期四周的一个项目，培养学生对科学、技术、工程和数学的热爱。
8．What were the high school students most probably doing there?
A．Displaying their own creations.
B．Visiting a technology exhibition.
C．Experiencing self?driving racecars.
D．Watching a 3D printed shark show.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可推断，学生们正在展示自己的作品。
9．What does the underlined word “reinforce” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Change. B．Strengthen.
C．Simplify. D．Test.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的BWSI offers hands?on, project?based experiences...可知，该项目提供了基于具体项目的实践经验，从而增强(reinforce)学生们对于尖端科技基本原理的理解。
10．What is a big feature of the program?
A．Taking advantage of 3D printers.
B．Having the same course topics each year.
C．Being extremely challenging for most teenagers.
D．Focusing on developing students’ hands?on ability.
D 解析：推理判断题。结合第三段中的offers hands?on, project?based experiences及第五段中的In the spirit of hands?on learning, students...designed their own miniature(缩小的) racecars.可推断，此项目最大的一个特点就是培养学生的动手能力。
七选五
Four Reasons Why You Should Move to a Big City
We’ve all had the dream. We’ve needed a fresh start. While it may not be the best idea to jump into the car with nothing more than a suitcase, the experience of staying in an entirely new setting can teach you lessons you’d never learn any other way. 1.________， a major city will challenge you in ways you didn’t know were possible. Here are four reasons why you should move to a big city at least once in your life.
Find yourself—When you’re in a major city, you’re not going to run into the same people every day unless you plan on it. Nobody will bring up that time you tripped on your way into the post office. 2.________．
Grow up fast—Nothing forces you to grow up fast quite like living in a big city. Even with so many people around, there will be moments where you feel so alone. But you will get hard?earned success and satisfaction. 3.________. Your view of life becomes challenge?welcoming instead of fearful.
Opportunity—Everyone focuses on the competitive nature of big cities, but there are also opportunities that you would never have access to in a small town. 4.________. And when you have passion(热情) fueling you, your attitude to work will become untouchable.
Broaden your horizons(眼界)—If there are many foreigners in your town, it may be time to open yourself up to more languages, cultures, and food. And you’ll be in a place with access to so many different ideas and values. 5.________.
A．You can leave your past where it belongs
B．When everyday tasks become challenging
C．More people, more professions, more businesses
D．It will expand your knowledge and understanding
E．Moving to a major city helps you achieve success rapidly
F．While moving to the next small town may not expand your worldview
G．You made it through with nothing but yourself, your voice, and your determination
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为何要搬去大城市的四个理由。
1．F 解析：F项中的While...may not...与上文中的While it may not是同一种句式，即while引导的让步状语从句，搬去下一个小镇不会拓宽你的视野，但是搬去大城市可以给你带来许多挑战。
2．A 解析：根据上文中的Nobody will bring up that time you tripped on your way into the post office.可知，在大城市中没有人知道你以前在小城市的糗事，所以你可以尽情地与过去告别。A项是对上文的总结。
3．G 解析：根据上文中的Even with so many people around...But you will get hard?earned success and satisfaction.可知，大城市会让你迅速成长起来，因为即使身边有很多人，但你可能依然是孤军奋战，你需要通过自己的努力获取成功。G项符合此处语境。
4．C 解析：根据上文中的Everyone focuses on the competitive nature of big cities, but there are also opportunities that you would never have access to in a small town.可知，大城市会给你带来许多机遇，所以会有更多的职位和商业机会提供给你，让你充满干劲地去工作。C项起承上启下的作用。
5．D 解析：根据上文中的And you’ll be in a place with access to so many different ideas and values.可知，大城市会给你接触多元化思想和价值观的机会，因此你可以拓宽视野和提升洞察力。
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1
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求 vt.希望得到；想要
(教材P10)Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires?
你认为机器人有可能有自己的需求和愿望吗？
(1)have a desire
(2)desire (sb.)to do sth. 想要(某人)做某事
desire that...(should) do... 渴望做……
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Knowing that a Chinese painting exhibition will be held by the local gallery, I’m writing to express my desire to be a volunteer.
得知当地美术馆将举办一场国画展，我写信表达我想成为一名志愿者的愿望。
②Disabled people desire to live a normal life.In other words, they want to live as well as ordinary people do.
残疾人渴望过正常的生活。换句话说，他们想跟普通人生活得一样好。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We desire that immediate help (should)__be__given(give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.
②I desire to__contact(contact) him for some suggestions on improving my listening.
[能力提升]——一句多译
每个人都渴望成功，但成功只属于努力的人。
③Everyone has__a__desire__for__success while success only belongs to the hard－working people.(desire n．)
④Everyone desires__to__succeed while success only belongs to the hard－working people.(desire v．)
sympathy n．同情(心)
(教材P11)Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.
克莱尔觉得，被一个机器人同情很荒唐。
have/feel sympathy for... 同情……
express one’s sympathy 表达某人的同情
out of sympathy 出于同情
in sympathy with... 赞成……
①We should feel sympathy for the disabled rather than make fun of them.
我们应该同情残疾人，而不是取笑他们。
②I am in sympathy with his view that the disabled need respecting.
我同意他的观点：残疾人需要尊重。
[能力提升]——微写作
①他很同情在这场可怕的事故中父母都丧生的小男孩。
He feels__great__sympathy__for__the__little__boy whose parents were both killed in the terrible accident.
②出于同情，布莱克太太给了这位可怜的老人一些钱。
Out__of__sympathy,__Mrs.Black gave some money to the poor old man.
favour n．喜爱；恩惠 vt.喜爱；偏袒
(教材P11)As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant.
托尼为让克莱尔高兴，答应帮助她，使她变得更聪明，使她的家变得更高雅大气。
do sb.a favour 帮某人一个忙
owe sb.a favour 欠某人一个人情
in favour of 赞成；主张
①(全国卷Ⅰ)I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favour.
我写信想告诉你有关我即将到来的暑期计划，也想让你帮我一个忙。
②I owed him a favour, so I couldn’t say no to him.
我欠他一个人情，所以我不能拒绝他。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①English is my favourite(favour) subject and I’ve won several prizes in English contests. So I think that I’m qualified for the position.
②Our products have good fame at home and abroad, deeply favoured(favour) by customers.
③Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)I’d appreciate it if you could help me at your convenience.
(高级表达)I’d appreciate it if you could do__me__a__favour at your convenience.
accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏
(教材P11)As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.
因为不被允许陪克莱尔去商店，托尼就给她写了一份购物清单。
(1)accompany sb.to sp. 陪伴某人到某地
accompany sb.on/at sth. 用某物为某人伴奏
(2)company n. 陪伴；公司
keep sb.company 陪伴某人
①We did a lot for the elderly at the nursing home，cleaning their rooms，washing clothes for them and accompanying them，which made them very happy.
在敬老院我们为老人做了许多事情，打扫房间、洗衣服、陪伴他们，这使他们非常高兴。
②I’d be very grateful if you could accompany me to the police station.
如果你能陪我去警察局我将不胜感激。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Children, when accompanied(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
②He felt it a great honour to__be__accompanied(accompany) by the famous pianist Lang Lang.
③He accompanied his old father to the hospital to see what’s wrong with his stomach.
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)Nobody kept her company during the festival. The old lady felt lonely.
(高级表达)With__nobody__accompanying__her during the festival, the old lady felt lonely.(with复合结构)
ring up 给……打电话
(教材P11)When the clerk at the counter was rude to her，she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him.
当柜台售货员对她很粗鲁时，她就打电话给托尼，让售货员同托尼讲话。
(1) 打电话给某人
(2)call/ring back 回电话
(3)
(4)answer the phone 接电话
①On arriving at the airport，he rang up his mother to say everything was OK.
一到达机场，他就打电话给他母亲报平安。
②I have something important to say.Please hold on for a moment.
我有要事要说，请不要挂断电话。
[即学即练]——用介词或副词填空
①I was about to answer the phone when it was rung off/hung up last night.
②As soon as he returns，I will tell him to ring back．
③I have to ring off now because my friend is waiting for me.
turn around 转身；翻转
(教材P11)As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern.
她刚一转过身来，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。
turn in 上交，交回
turn out 结果是；生产；出席
turn down 拒绝；调小/低
turn up 调高/大；出现
turn on/off 开/关(灯、煤气、水龙头等)
turn to 转向；翻到；求助于
①She turned around and saw her companion running toward her out of breath.
她转过身来， 看见她的同伴气喘吁吁地向她跑来。
②He tried to join the army but was turned down because of poor health.
他想参军，但因身体不好被拒绝了。
[即学即练]——用turn的相关短语填空
①Things turned__out to exactly as the professor had foreseen.
②The hall was full, and hundreds of fans had to be turned__down．
③The moment the bell rang, all the students turned__in their papers immediately.
④Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will turn__up sooner or later.
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤在这种情况下，我们别无选择，只能向他人求助。
In this case we have no choice, but turn__to__others__for__help．
declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
(经典例句)The chairman was about to declare the conference open when there was a failure power.
主席正要宣布会议开幕这时停电了。
declare sb./sth.to be/as 宣布某人或某事……
declare for/against 表示赞成/反对……
declare war (on/against) (向……)宣战
declare sth.open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
①The United States declared its independence from Britain in 1776.
美国于1776年正式宣布脱离英国而独立。
②He declared against the plan at the meeting，which surprised us all.
在会议上他反对这项计划，这使我们都很吃惊。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①In September 1939，Britain declared war on/against Germany after Germany invaded Poland.
②In 1972, President Richard Nixon declared the third Sunday of June every year to__be/as Father’s Day in America.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③Seeing that everybody is here, I declare__the__meeting__open(宣布会议开始)．
envy vt.忌妒；羡慕 n．嫉妒；羡慕
(教材P12)What a sweet victory to be envied by those women!
受到那些女士的忌妒，是多么甜美的胜利啊！
(1)envy sb.(doing) sth. 忌妒或羡慕某人(做)某事
(2)feel envy at 对……感到忌妒或羡慕
with envy 出于忌妒
out of envy 出于忌妒
①I envy you having such a close family.
我羡慕你有这么一个亲密的家庭。
②To be honest, I feel envy at his success.
诚实地说， 我羡慕他的成功。
[能力提升]——微写作
①我们都羡慕他有赚钱的好机会。
We all envy__him__the__good__chance to make a profit.
②他们的英语老师偏袒约翰，这使他成为其他孩子忌妒的对象。
Their English teacher favours John，which makes him the__envy__of__the__other__kids．
leave...alone 不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；
和……单独在一起
(教材P12)She shouted “Leave me alone” and ran to her bed. 她高声嚷着“让我独自待一会儿”就跑上床。
leave behind 留下；遗忘；把……抛在后面
leave out 遗漏；省去；不考虑
leave sth. as it is 听任某事自由发展
leave for... 动身到……
leave aside 搁置一边
①He’s in a bad mood right now. We’d better leave him alone.
他现在情绪很坏。我们最好不要打扰他。
②We should learn to love nature, to leave it as it is.
我们应该学会热爱大自然， 遵循自然。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The picture shows that in our society some old people are left alone by their own children like the old man in the picture.
②I wonder why they left aside such an important question.
③You’ll have to put in some extra work if you don’t want to get left behind．
(教材P11)It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.
机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。
“It be＋adj.＋that从句”是固定句式， 其中it是形式主语， 真正的主语是that引导的从句。it作形式主语的常用句式：
(1)It be＋形容词(obvious, possible, strange, natural, important...)＋that从句；
(2)It be＋名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, a shame, an honour, no wonder...)＋that从句。 Ｋ
①It’s quite obvious that the aging population in China will cause heavy pressure on the whole society in the future.
很明显，中国的人口老龄化会对未来的整个社会造成很大的压力。
②It is necessary that we (should) get familiar with our working environment.
我们有必要熟悉我们的工作环境。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①It is obvious that he has known the truth.
②It is a pity that Jane and George can’t make it to the party.
[能力提升]——微写作
③在新的环境中学会和他人相处对每个人都很重要。
It__is__important__that everyone should learn to get along well with others in a new environment.
地点或时间副词位于句首时引起的完全倒装句
(教材P11)As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern.
她刚一转过身来，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。
引起完全倒装的几种情形：
(1)时间、地点、方向副词位于句首；
(2)介词短语位于句首；
(3)分词、不定式作表语时位于句首。
①At the foot of the mountain lies their cottage，where they have lived for 50 years.
山脚下坐落着他们的小屋，在那里他们已经住了50年。
②There stands a church in the east of the city.
城东有一座教堂。
[能力提升]——句式升级
①(普通表达)There stands an old temple. It dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
②(高级表达)There__stands__an__old__temple__which__dates__back__to the Ming Dynasty.(定语从句)
③(高级表达)There__stands__an__old__temple__dating__back__to the Ming Dynasty.(分词作定语)
can’t/couldn’t have sb. doing sth.不允许某人做某事
(教材P12)But even though Tony had been so clever，he would have to be rebuilt—you cannot have women falling in love with machines.
但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得经过一番改造——总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。
(1)have sb.doing 表示“允许或容忍某人做某事”，多用于否定句中，特别是用在cannot，will not等之后。
(2)have/get sth.done 让某事被做
have sb. to do sth. 让某人去做某事
have sth.to do 有事情要做
①I can’t have you speaking to your mother in a rude manner. You must apologize to her immediately.
我不允许你用粗鲁的方式跟你的妈妈说话。你必须立刻向她道歉。
②I won’t have you making the same mistake again and again.
我不允许你反复犯同样的错误。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(2017·天津卷)There is no need to worry about. I will have Tom to__pick(pick) you up at the airport.
②I intended to take up a part－time job, through which I can have my horizons broadened(broad)．
③He was very funny and had us laughing(laugh)all the way.
品句填词
1．Everyone desires(渴望) to live in a world free of worries and pains.
2．Alarmed(惊动) by the noise, the birds flew away.
3．Since Jane’s colleague resigned, there have always been piles(堆) of work waiting for her each day.
4．The court declared(宣布) that the strike action was illegal.
5．To our satisfaction(满意), the disabled have easy access to any parts of the new theatre.
6．She begged me to accompany(陪伴) her to attend her daughter’s graduation ceremony.
7．My mother is so kind that she has a lot of sympathy(同情心) for those in need.
8．I don’t envy(羡慕) you your journey in this bad weather.
9．The minister is so busy with the affairs(事务) of state that he often forgets to eat and sleep.
10．If your baggage is overweight(超重的) you’ll have to pay extra.
单句改错
1．After a whole afternoon’s heated discussion，they finally declared us what had been decided.在declared后加to
2．The superstar showed up at the court，accompanying by his agent.accompanying→accompanied
3．Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improving in a short period.improving→improved
4．There stands two lions at the entrance to the zoo.stands→stand
5．It is desired that remote control introduced into this system.在introduced前加(should)__be
完成句子
1．当那个调皮的男孩从墙上跳下时，校长站在那里。
When the naughty boy jumped off the wall, there stood__the__headmaster．
2．她脸上惊讶的表情表明，她没想到这个机器人如此英俊。
The surprised__look__on__her__face suggested that she hadn’t expected that the robot was so handsome.
3．我刚从网上得知李磊去世了。就在那时我才意识到健康是多么重要。
I just got the news online that Li Lei had passed away. It__was__then__that I realized how important health was.
4．放弃你愚蠢的想法吧。你父母不会允许你辍学帮他们养家的。
Give up your foolish idea. Your parents won’t__have__you__dropping__out__of__school to help them support the family.
5．当我第一次去杭州西湖时，它美丽的景色给我留下了极为深刻的印象。
The first time I went to the West Lake in Hangzhou, I was__deeply__impressed__by its beautiful scenery.
课文语法填空
A robot was going to be tested out in Claire’s house when her husband wasn’t at home. When the robot named Tony first appeared in her house, Claire felt 1.alarmed(alarm), because Tony was more like a human than a machine. On 2.the second morning, Tony brought Claire breakfast and then asked her if she needed help dressing, 3.which made her embarrassed.
One day, when Claire told her troubles to Tony, he promised to help her make herself 4.smarter(smart) and her home more elegant. When Claire went to buy a necklace and was treated 5.rudely(rude) by a clerk, Tony got him to apologize to her. Claire was excited and called Tony a “dear”. When they worked on the 6.improvements(improve) to the house, Claire fell off a ladder, but Tony managed 7.to__catch(catch) her in time. He held her firmly in his arms and she felt the warmth of his body. She screamed and ran away. A party 8.was__held(hold) on the night before Tony left. Claire was 9.in great pain when she remembered Tony was just a machine and cried all night.
The next morning Tony was taken away. The company was pleased with Tony’s report, but he would be rebuilt because the company can’t have women 10.falling(fall) in love with a robot.
单句语法填空
1．Lily’s boyfriend picks her up after work every day, which is__envied(envy) by her female colleagues.
2．Andrew felt alarmed(alarm) when he saw the big creature, because he had never seen it before.
3．He sang and Alice accompanied(accompany) him on the piano.
4．Henry is very annoying and is always trying to influence other people’s affairs(affair)．
5．Our foreign teacher is from England, who is a tall, elegantly(elegant) dressed man with a mustache.
6．William was__declared(declare) to be innocent and was set free at once, which was a huge relief to his parents.
7．I have a lot of sympathy for her；she had to bring up the children on her own after her husband died.
8．Hearing the student’s answer，the old professor nodded with great satisfaction(satisfy)．
9．In my opinion, a robot like this is more a friend than a machine.
10．It was awful! One of my violin strings broke right in the middle of the Mozart piece.I felt so embarrassed(embarrass)．
阅读理解
Many animals have adaptations that help them cope with specific environments or lifestyles. These special adaptations are written in the genome(基因组) and passed down from generation to generation. This information can help scientists project into the future as well. Reading an animal’s genes can help us predict whether an organism(有机体) might adapt to rapid changes in their environment, like those brought on by climate change, so as to match conservation efforts for at?risk species.
A group of biologists are associated with the Bird Genoscape Project that is concerned with the effects of a changing climate. They investigated this question by using yellow warblers(黄莺) and found that some genes looked different in birds from rainy regions when compared with the same genes in birds living in dry zones. These birds have ideally adapted to their local climates.
But if birds have adapted to their current climate, what will happen in the coming years as the climate changes?
Many regions of the US are predicted to get warmer and drier over the next century. Because the biologists had an idea of which genetic changes are ideal for each climate, they could calculate how much the genome sequences of yellow warbler populations would have to change over the next 50 years to match the genetic conditions of yellow warblers in future conditions. Yellow warblers in some regions, like the Rocky Mountains, showed very high levels of genomic vulnerability(脆弱性), suggesting they would need many changes in their genomes to keep up with climate change. Meanwhile, yellow warblers from other regions, like the Midwest, had low genomic vulnerability and were less at risk.
When we compared genomic vulnerability to changes in yellow warbler populations over the past 50 years, in areas like parts of California and the Rocky Mountains, which had the highest genomic vulnerability, yellow warbler populations have already declined. This could mean that climate change has already affected these populations, and those effects are likely to become even more severe over the next century.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。动物的基因可以体现其对环境的适应能力。科学家们通过研究动物的基因以帮助预测这些动物是否能够适应未来的环境变化，从而保护濒危动物。
1．Why should we study the genes of animals according to the author?
A．To protect them from extinction.
B．To study the climate change in history.
C．To predict the environment in the future.
D．To know how climate affects their reproduction.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的Reading an animal’s genes can...conservation efforts for at?risk species.可知，研究动物的基因是为了保护那些濒临灭绝的动物。
2．From the comparison between rainy regions and dry regions, we know that ________．
A．birds in rainy areas have worse adaptability
B．the genes of birds are influenced by the environment
C．global warming has limited effects on birds in dry areas
D．the environment birds live in determines the order of their genes
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，经过对比干旱地区和湿润地区鸟的基因可发现，它们的基因受环境的影响。
3．What can we learn about the yellow warblers in the US?
A．Most of them can adapt to the climate change easily.
B．Few of them will exist in Rocky Mountains in the future.
C．Their population is related with the level of genomic vulnerability.
D．The change in their DNA code can help them adapt to climate change.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容及第五段的第一句话可知，在一些地区，黄莺的基因脆弱性较强，气候变化使这些地区的黄莺数量不断减少，由此推断，黄莺的数量与其基因脆弱性水平密切相关。
4．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Animals’ DNA can tell their adaptability.
B．Yellow warblers are highly vulnerable species.
C．Changing is the matter of life and death.
D．Environment affects animals’ genome.
A 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是动物的基因可以体现其对环境的适应能力。
完形填空
Because I had played soccer for many years, my decision to play football in my senior year was rather bold. It came after several months of hard __1__. I remembered the day before summer __2__ started, my father asked whether I was scared, to which I __3__， “How can I be scared of something I don’t know？” After making that __4__， I realized that I am not afraid of the unknown. And all this is owed to one earlier experience.
When I was ten, I received __5__ that my father had been removed to work in England, and my family and I were moving to London. It was big, and I was a small?town kid from __6__ New Jersey who barely knew where London was. I didn’t take kindly to the fact that I would be leaving the only place I had ever known as __7__. A five?year journey began with a(n) __8__ kid in an airport who was, __9__， the last person to board the plane __10__ the unknown.
But after four years in London, I had changed. I had __11__ the unknown and everything was okay. Five months into my fifth year, our time abroad was over, and my family would be returning to New Jersey. This aroused mixed emotions. __12__ I had wanted nothing more than to go back for the __13__ several years, now I had begun __14__ my situation. The moving day came, but this time I wasn’t scared, and I __15__ that I would never again be afraid of the unknown.
I will never __16__ my first day of football training. I came home and was __17__ by my mother. Seeing her I just said, __18__，“I must be out of my mind，” and walked away. The truth is, I was not out of my mind. __19__ to play football was, in effect, agreeing to __20__ what I had always known, and experience something I had never done before.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者十岁从新泽西搬到伦敦的经历让他变得善于适应新环境。高三时他决定在踢了多年的足球后改去玩橄榄球，他意识到自己已经不再害怕未知的东西。
1．A.design B．imagination
C．work D．thought
D 解析：作者不再踢足球而改去玩橄榄球的决定是经过几个月的深思熟虑才做出的。hard thought意为“努力思考，冥思苦想”，符合语境。
2．A.competition B．practice
C．vacation D．time
B 解析：根据文章最后一段第一句I will never ______ my first day of football training.可知，此处指暑假的橄榄球训练(practice)。
3．A.readjusted B．replied
C．reported D．repeated
B 解析：当父亲问作者是否感到害怕时，作者回答(replied)说：“我怎么可能会害怕我不知道的东西。”
4．A.remark B．suggestion
C．note D．rule
A 解析：回答完父亲的问题后，作者意识到自己不惧怕未知的东西。remark意为“谈论，言论”。
5．A.order B．fact
C．news D．invitation
C 解析：作者十岁的时候收到消息(news)，父亲已经被调到英国工作，作者和家人也将搬到伦敦。
6．A.modern B．beautiful
C．urban D．remote
D 解析：对即将搬到伦敦的作者来说，伦敦很大，新泽西很远(remote)，他甚至都不知道伦敦在哪里。
7．A.home B．school
C．countryside D．town
A 解析：作者不乐意接受即将离开他认为是家(home)的地方这个事实。
8．A.excited B．frightened
C．confident D．embarrassed
B 解析：根据上下文信息可知，此刻的作者是很害怕的(frightened)。
9．A.patiently B．finally
C．calmly D．unwillingly
D 解析：根据上文信息可知，作者不愿意(unwillingly)离开家去伦敦。
10．A.running across B．coming from
C．fighting with D．leading to
D 解析：根据上文作者说自己甚至还不知道伦敦在哪里可推知，作者认为这架飞机是通往(leading to)未知的。
11．A.gone into B．looked into
C．fallen into D．broken into
A 解析：在伦敦待了四年后，作者变了，融入了(gone into)未知，一切都很好。
12．A.Unless B．Now that
C．Even though D．Since
C 解析：根据空前的mixed emotions及其后的主句now I had begun...my situation可知，本从句应为让步状语从句，Even though符合语境。
13．A.different B．recent
C．previous D．valuable
C 解析：根据下文now I had begun...my situation可知，作者只想搬回家是前(previous)几年的想法。
14．A.judging B．considering
C．appreciating D．reviewing
C 解析：根据下文I would never again be afraid of the unknown可推知，作者不再惧怕未知的东西，现在他开始感激(appreciating)自己的境遇了。
15．A.hoped B．knew
C．insisted D．promised
B 解析：作者知道(knew)自己对未知的东西决不会惧怕了。
16．A.forget B．remember
C．regret D．admire
A 解析：作者说自己决不会忘记(forget)第一天的橄榄球训练。
17．A.criticized B．greeted
C．blamed D．requested
B 解析：根据上文训练后回家的信息及下句与妈妈的对话可推知，此处是作者回家时，妈妈跟他打招呼(greeted)。
18．A.happily B．sadly
C．simply D．awkwardly
C 解析：根据Seeing her I just said可知，作者只是简单地(simply)回应妈妈的问候。
19．A.Failed B．Agreeing
C．Refusing D．Deciding
D 解析：作者做出玩橄榄球的决定(Deciding)，实际上就是去体验未知的东西。
20．A.step away from B．go in for
C．put up with D．look forward to
A 解析：根据．..and experience something I had never done before.可知，此处指作者放弃(step away from)已经熟悉了的东西，去体验未知的东西。
短文改错
My former headmaster Mr. Page will leave his job because of old age next week. Student of the school, old and new, will send him a present to marking the occasion. They will sign their names on a large photo. Mr. Page deserves to admired and respected. We shall all remember him for his patient and understanding and for the kind encouragement he gave us to. Mr. Page will have been teaching for the total of forty years on the day of his retirement(退休). After his retirement, he will devote him to gardening. For him, this will be an entire new hobby. But this did not matter, for, as he has often said, one is never very old to learn.
答案：
My former headmaster Mr. Page will leave his job because of old age next week. of the school, old and new, will send him a present to the occasion. They will sign their names on a large photo. Mr. Page deserves to eq \o(\s\up7( ∧, )) admired and respected. We shall all remember him for his and understanding and for the kind encouragement he gave us eq \o(,\s\up0(＼)). Mr. Page will have been teaching for total of forty years on the day of his retirement(退休). After his retirement, he will devote to gardening. For him, this will be an new hobby. But this not matter, for, as he has often said, one is never old to learn.
PAGE
1
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.staff n． 全体员工；手杖
2.divorce n. 离婚；断绝关系
vt. 与……离婚；与……脱离
3.part－time adj. 兼职的
4.navy n. 海军；海军部队
5.bound adj. 一定的；密切相关的
拓展词汇
6.talent n．天才；特殊能力；才干→talented adj.天才的
7.receiver n．收件人；接收机；电话听筒→receive vt.收到
8.obey vt.& vi.服从；顺从→disobey (反义词) vt.& vi.不服从；违抗
9.theoretical adj.理论(上)的；假设的→theory n．理论
10.assessment n．评价；评定→assess v．评价；评定
11.junior adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的 n．年少者；晚辈；等级较低者→senior(反义词) adj.资格较老的；地位较高的 n．较年长者
阅读词汇
12.mailbox n. (美)邮筒；信箱
13.digital adj. 数字的；数码的；手指的；脚趾的
14.grand adj. 大的；豪华的；雄伟的
15.biography n. (由他人撰写的)传记；传记文学
16.chapter n． (书中的)章；篇；回
17.framework n. 框架；结构
18.thinking n. 思想；思考
19.holy adj. 神的；上帝的；圣洁的
重点短语
1.set__aside 将……放在一边；为……节
省或保留(钱或时间)
2.be__junior__than 比……年幼；比……位低
3.be__bound__to... 一定要……
4.help__sb.out 帮助某人摆脱困境
5.have__a__talent__for 有……才华
6.in__all 一共；总计
7.at__one__time 曾经；一度
8.be__attached__to 喜欢；依恋
9.take__sb./sth.seriously 认真对待某人/某物
10.as__long__as 只要
重点句型
1.with which引导的定语从句，在句中作方式状语：Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with__which__he__searched__for__explanations(他用这作出解释) of everything, in the present and the past.
2．the＋比较级，the＋比较级：As with anything, the__more__you__practise,__the__better__you__become(你练习得越多，就变得越好).
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．What kind of books is Isaac Asimov best known for?
A．Mystery stories.
B．Science and history books.
C．Books about the Holy Bible.
D．Science fiction stories.
2．How old was Isaac Asimov when he became a biochemistry teacher at Boston University School of Medicine?
A．22. B．28.
C．29. D．38.
3．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Isaac Asimov was born in Russia in January，1920.
B．Isaac Asimov began to write novels in 1939.
C．Isaac Asimov moved to America with his parents when he was three years old.
D．Isaac Asimov published his first science book in 1953.
4．The main idea of the fifth paragraph is about Isaac Asimov’s ________．
A．birth date and place B．education
C．awards D．family life
答案：1－4.DCBC
①biography[baI'?ɡr?fI]n.
(由他人撰写的)传记；传
记文学
②holy['h??lI]adj.神的；
上帝的；圣洁的
③be best known for因……最负盛名
④imagination[I?m?d?I'neI?n]n.想象(力)；创造力；幻想物
⑤explore vt.探索；探险
⑥search for搜寻，寻找
⑦as a result of作为……的结果
同义短语：as a consequence of
⑧transfusion[tr?ns'fju??n]n.
输血
a blood transfusion 输血
⑨run a store经营一家店
⑩pregnant adj.怀孕的
be pregnant with怀有身孕的
?part?time['pɑ?taIm]adj.
兼职的
(反)full?time专职的，全职的
?help out帮助脱离困境；解决难题
?master’s degree硕士学位
a master’s degree＋in＋学科 某学科的硕士学位
?staff[stɑ?f]n.全体员工；手杖
staff作主语，看作整体时谓语动词用单数；强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。
?navy['neIvI]n.海军；海军部队
?junior['d?u?nI?]adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的
n．年少者；晚辈；等级较低者
be junior to比……低级/年少
?PhD＝Doctor of Philosophy哲学博士学位；博士学位
?biochemistry[?baI??'kemIstrI]n.生物化学
?talent['t?l?nt]n.天才；特殊能力；才干(＋for sth.)
have a talent for有……的天赋
?chapter['t??pt?]n.(书中的)章；篇；回
把……当作
award n．奖，奖品
vt.给……颁奖；授予……奖
win an award for因……而获奖
the Foundation[fa?n'deI?n]
trilogy['trIl?d?I]《基地》三部曲
empire['empaI?]n.帝国
galaxy n．银河系；星系
be based on以……为基础
theoretical[θI?'retIkl]adj.理论(上)的；假设的
framework['freImw??k]n.框架；结构
be designed to do目的是去做；被设计用于做
be designed for适用于
thinking['θI?kI?]n.思想；思考
state vt.陈述
influence vt.& n．影响
artificial adj.人造的；
非天然的；非真实的
intelligence n．智力；才能
artificial intelligence人工智能
divorce[dI'v??s]n.离婚；
断绝关系 vt.与……
离婚；与……脱离
A BIOGRAPHY① OF ISAAC ASIMOV
Isaac Asimov was an American scientist and writer who wrote around 480 books that included mystery stories, science and history books, and even books about the Holy② Bible and Shakespeare. But he is best known for③ his science fiction stories. Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination④ that gave him the ability to explore⑤ future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for⑥ explanations of everything, in the present and the past.
◆an American...Shakespeare含有两个定语从句。who wrote...是who引导的定语从句，修饰an American scientist and writer; that included...是that引导的定语从句，修饰books。
◆Asimov had...past.中had后连接两个宾语，两个宾语由both...and...连接。其中that gave him...是that引导的定语从句，修饰imagination, with which he...是with which引导的定语从句，修饰mind。
Asimov’s life began in Russia, where he was born on 2 January, 1920. It ended in New York on 6 April, 1992，when he died as a result of⑦ an HIV infection that he had got from a blood transfusion⑧ nine years earlier.
◆where he was born... 是where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Russia。
◆It ended... earlier.中when he died...是when引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰6 April, 1992，其中，as a result of引导原因状语，that he had...是that引导的定语从句，修饰an HIV infection。
When Asimov was three, he moved with his parents and his one?year?old sister to New York City. There his parents bought a candy store which they ran⑨ for the next 40 or so years. At the age of nine, when his mother was pregnant⑩ with her third child, Asimov started working part?time? in the store. He helped out? through his school
and university years until 1942, a year after he had gained a master’s degree? in chemistry. In 1942 he joined the staff? of the Philadelphia Navy? Yard as a junior? chemist and worked there for three years. In 1948 he got his PhD? in chemistry. The next year he became a biochemistry? teacher at Boston University School of Medicine. In 1958 he gave up teaching to become a full?time writer.
◆which they ran... 是which引导的限制性定语从句，修饰a candy store。
It was when Asimov was eleven years old that his talent? for writing became obvious. He had told a friend two chapters? of a story he had written. The friend thought he was retelling a story from a book. This really surprised Asimov and from that moment, he started to take himself seriously as a writer. Asimov began having stories published in science fiction magazines in 1939. In 1950 he published his first novel and in 1953 his first science book.
◆It was when Asimov was eleven years old that...是强调句型，强调的是时间状语从句when Asimov was eleven years old。
◆he had written是定语从句，修饰先行词a story。
◆having stories published是have sth. done结构，done作宾补。
Throughout his life, Asimov received many awards, both for his science fiction books and his science books. Among his most famous works of science fiction, one for which he won an award was the Foundation trilogy (1951－1953), three novels about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future. It was loosely based on the fall of the Roman Empire but was about the future. These books are famous because Asimov invented a theoretical framework which was designed to show how ideas and thinking may develop in the future. He is also well known for his collection of short stories, I, Robot(1950), in which he developed a set of three “laws” for robots. For example, the first law states that a robot must not injure human beings or allow them to be injured. Some of his ideas about robots later influenced other writers and even scientists researching into artificial intelligence.
◆for which he won an award是for which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词one。for表示“因为”。
◆which was designed to...是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a theoretical framework。
◆in which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词I，Robot。
◆researching into artificial intelligence是现在分词作后置定语。
Asimov was married twice. He married his first wife in 1942 and had a son and a daughter. Their marriage lasted 31 years. Soon after his divorce in 1973, Asimov married again but he had no children with his second wife.
艾萨克·阿西莫夫传
艾萨克·阿西莫夫是美国的科学家兼作家，他写过大约480本书，包括怪诞小说、科学和历史方面的书，甚至还写过有关《圣经》和莎士比亚的书。但是，他最有名的作品是他的科幻小说。阿西莫夫不仅有超凡的想象力，使他能对未来世界进行探索，而且还有惊人的智力，使他能对现在的和过去的各种事物作出解释。
阿西莫夫的一生从俄罗斯开始，他生于1920年1月2日；阿西莫夫的一生在纽约结束，他于1992年4月6日去世。他是因为9年前的一次输血中感染了艾滋病病毒而去世的。
阿西莫夫3岁的时候，就随同父母和年仅一岁的妹妹迁到纽约。在那儿，他的父母买下了一家糖果店，后来一直经营了大约40年。阿西莫夫9岁的时候，母亲怀了第三个孩子，他就开始在糖果店里做兼职工作了。他读中小学和大学的那段时期都在糖果店里帮忙，一直到1942年，也就是他获得化学硕士学位一年以后他才停止糖果店的工作。1942年他成为费城海军造船厂的一名初级化学师，并在那里工作了三年。1948年他获得化学博士学位。第二年他在波士顿大学的医学院任生化教员。1958年他放弃了教学工作成为专职作家。
早在阿西莫夫11岁的时候，他的写作才华就已经显露出来了。他把他写的小说中的两个章节念给一个朋友听，这个朋友还以为他是在复述某本书上的故事呢。这使阿西莫夫很惊讶，从那以后，他就开始认真地从事写作了。1939年，阿西莫夫开始在科幻杂志上发表故事，1950年出版了他的第一部小说，1953年出版了他的第一部科学书籍。
阿西莫夫一生中多次获过奖，既有科幻小说奖，也有科学书籍奖。在他那些最负盛名的科幻小说中，有一部获奖作品叫做《基地》三部曲(1951－1953)，由三本小说组成，讲的是未来银河系中一个伟大帝国的灭亡与再生。基本素材取自罗马帝国的衰败，但讲的是有关未来的事情。这些书之所以有名，是因为阿西莫夫创造了一种理论框架，用以阐述各种想法在未来可能会如何发展。他的短篇小说集《我，机器人》(1950)也是享有盛名的。在这本书里他提出机器人的三大“原则”。举例来说，第一条原则就规定机器人不得伤害人类，也不能允许人类受到伤害。他有关机器人的一些想法后来影响了其他作家，甚至影响了那些从事人工智能研究的科学家们。
阿西莫夫结过两次婚。他于1942年同他的第一任妻子结婚，生有一儿一女。这次婚姻持续了31年。1973年离婚后不久，阿西莫夫又结婚了，但是他与第二任妻子没有生育儿女。
set aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留
(钱或时间)
(教材P13)He felt happy when his boss stated that he could set aside some time for exercise.
当老板说他可以抽出些时间来锻炼身体时，他感到很高兴。
set about (doing) 开始(做)，着手(做)
set out (＋to do) 出发；开始(做某事)
set down 记下；放下
set off 出发，动身，起程
set up 成立；设立；安排
①He set aside his own business and came here to do me a favour.
他把自己的事情放在一边来帮我的忙。
②I sincerely hope you can set aside some time for our English speech contest and be a judge.
我真诚地希望你能为我们的英语演讲比赛抽出一点时间并担任评委。
[即学即练]——用set的相关短语填空
①He will set__down all his important thoughts in his diary when they are fresh in his mind.
②The school has set__up a special class to help those poor learners.
③Having said goodbye to their friends, they set__off/out for their destination.
④We set__out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part.
＝We set__about painting the whole house but finished only the front part.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
⑤(普通表达)I sincerely hope you can save some time for the art feast.
(高级表达)I sincerely hope you can set__aside some time for the art feast.
in all 一共；总计
(教材P14)There were sixty in all.
共有60张卡片。
not at all 根本不，一点儿也不
above all 最重要的是
after all 毕竟；终究
first of all 首先；最重要的是
all in all 总之；总的说来
①There are 2，000 people in all who are in favour of his plan.
一共有2 000人支持他的计划。
②Children need many things, but above all they need love.
孩子们需要很多东西，但最需要的是爱。
[即学即练]——用all的相关短语填空
①All__in__all,__every road leads to Rome, so I believe hard work pays off.
②Don’t believe the advertisement. After__all,__it is the customers who pay for whatever they are given.
③First__of__all,__you can talk about American customs and festivals because Chinese students are interested in them.
junior adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的
n．年少者；晚辈；等级较低者
(教材P16)In 1942 he joined the staff of the Philadelphia Navy Yard as a junior chemist and worked there for three years.
1942年他成为费城海军造船厂的一名初级化学师，并在那里工作了三年。
(1)be junior to sb. 比某人资历浅/年轻
(2) A比B小两岁。
(3)be senior to 比……资格老/年纪大
①He is junior to his colleagues in his company，but he has greater ambition.
他比公司里的同事资历浅，但是他有更大的抱负。
②My brother is junior to me by several years.
我弟弟比我小好几岁。
[能力提升]——微写作
他总是仰慕比他地位高的人，而瞧不起比他地位低的人。
He always looks up to those who are__senior__to him in rank, and looks down upon those who are__junior__to him.
talent n．天才，人才；特殊能力；才干
(教材P16)It was when Asimov was eleven years old that his talent for writing became obvious.
早在阿西莫夫11岁的时候，他的写作才华就已经显露出来了。
(1)have a talent/gift for 有……的天资/天赋
show a talent for 表现出……才能
(2)be talented/gifted in/at 在……方面有才能
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly，saying that I had a talent for football.
所有的足球运动员在操场上大声欢呼，说我在足球方面很有天赋。
②She showed a talent for singing at an early age.
她在很小的时候就显示出了唱歌的天赋。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷)Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented(talent) individuals.
②He had a gift for music when he was just 6 years old，so we all consider him to be a talented(talent) musician.
divorce n．离婚；断绝关系
vt.与……离婚；与……脱离
(教材P16)Soon after his divorce in 1973，Asimov married again but he had no children with his second wife.
1973年离婚后不久，阿西莫夫又结婚了，但是他与第二任妻子没有生育儿女。
(1)get a divorce from sb.与某人离婚
divorce...from... 使……与……脱离
(2)divorced adj. 离婚的，离异的；脱离……的
get divorced 离婚
① At last, she got a divorce from her husband after he got disabled in an accident.
最终，在她丈夫在一次事故中致残后，她和他离婚了。
②We shouldn’t divorce theory from practice.
我们不应该把理论与实践分离。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①In modern lives many people tend to get divorced(divorce) when they are unhappy with each other.
②It is absurd that he is unable to divorce fantasy from reality.
obey vt. & vi.服从；顺从
(教材P18)A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings(as long as human beings are not injured)．
机器人必须服从人类发出的命令(只要人类不受伤)。
(1)obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则
(2)disobey vt.& vi. 不服从；违抗(反义词)
①Rules of online voting should be worked out and strictly obeyed.
应该制定网络投票的规则并严格遵守。
②If you keep on disobeying the rules，you will be punished.
如果你继续违反规则，你将受到惩罚。
[能力提升]——完成句子
①As a junior clerk, you must obey__a__senior__officer(服从上级) at all times.
②If everyone obeys__the__traffic__rules(遵守交通规则), safety will be much improved.
介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句
(教材P16)Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything, in the present and the past.
阿西莫夫不仅有超凡的想象力，使他能对未来世界进行探索，而且还有惊人的智力，使他能对现在的和过去的各种事物作出解释。
若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。
①Our class is made up of 56 students, all of whom are friendly and diligent.
我们班由56位学生组成，所有学生都很友好并且勤奋。
②Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable.
最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Mother bought many tomatoes from the market two days ago, most of which have gone bad because of the bad weather.
[能力提升]——句式升级
②(普通表达)Our class also has problems of its own, and one of them is the students’ laziness.
(高级表达)Our class also has problems of its own, one__of__which is the students’ laziness.(定语从句)
品句填词
1．The young man is fond of literature so much that we all think he is bound(一定会) to be a novelist one day.
2．The move from junior(初级的) to senior high school is an important occasion that can be celebrated in many ways.
3．They quarrelled a lot and eventually ended in divorce(离婚)．
4．Don’t look down upon the man in ordinary clothes. He is the owner of the grand(豪华的) hotel.
5．Everybody should obey(遵守) the law, or he will be punished.
6．I opened a bank account after I made$1，000 by doing a part?time(兼职的) job during the summer vacation.
7．The staff(全体员工) in the restaurant are polite，with smiles on their faces all the time.
8．He is an officer in the navy(海军) and his wife works in a bank.
9．My mother bought a digital(数码的) camera yesterday from the Internet.
10．It is obvious that your daughter has a great affection(喜爱) for Chinese folk music.
选词填空
test out; in favour of; turn around; leave...alone; in all; set aside; ring up; in time
1．Leave your father alone. He is preparing an important report in his study.
2．Due to the traffic jam, we got to the airport by taxi just in__time to check in.
3．Generally speaking, all the new products need to be tested__out before they come onto the market.
4．It’s reported that 3，000 runners in__all will take part in the race this weekend.
5．Having realized she had left her wallet in the restaurant, Mrs. Green turned__around and ran fast toward it.
6．Some people interviewed were in__favour__of sending their children abroad for further study.
7．You may save some money, since these places often set__aside one or two free admission days during the week at slow times.
8．I rang Alex up this afternoon, but he didn’t answer the phone.
完成句子
1．你的想法不现实，因此你的父母不会让你从大学退学办公司的。
Your idea is not practical, so your parents won’t__have__you__leaving__university_
_to__set__up a company.
2．你的女儿在绘画方面很有天赋，因此你应该让她学习绘画。
Your daughter has__a__great__talent__for painting, so you should let her study painting.
3．母亲的坚强意志给他留下了深刻的印象，因此面对困难，他从不退缩。
He was__greatly__impressed__by his mother’s strong will, so he never gave up when facing difficulties.
4．很奇怪，他今天竟然缺席那么重要的会议。
It__was__strange__that he should have been absent from such an important meeting today.
5．当她走出大门口，那里停着一辆黑色小汽车。
When she went out of the gate, there__parked__a__black__car．
课文语法填空
Isaac Asimov was an American scientist and writer 1.who/that wrote about 480 books. And he is best known for his science fiction stories. Asimov had an extraordinary 2.imagination(image) and an amazing mind.
Asimov was born in Russia in 1920. Three years later, his family moved to New York City. At 3.the age of 9, Asimov began working part?time in his parents’ store. He helped out through his school and university years until 1942. It was when Asimov was 11 years old that his talent 4.for writing became obvious. He began to take 5.himself(him) seriously as a writer. In 1939, Asimov started having his stories 6.published(publish) in science fiction magazines. In 1950, he published his first novel and in 1953 his first science book. In 1958, he gave up 7.teaching(teach) and became a full?time writer.
Throughout his life, Asimov received many 8.awards(award), both for his science fiction books and his science books, The Foundation trilogy, 9.loosely(loose) based on the fall of the Roman Empire but about the future, was one of his most famous science fiction works. He is also well known for his collection of short stories, I, Robot.
Asimov was married twice. In 1992, he 10.died(die) in New York because of an HIV infection.
单句语法填空
1．Alice is outgoing and has a great talent for making friends with strangers.
2．This international language is based on the sounds of English.
3．Relax. You’re bound to__pass(pass) the exam since you have done so much work.
4．The driver disobeyed(obey) the traffic rules and parked his car illegally. As a result, he was fined 200 yuan.
5．She felt quite alarmed(alarm) when she was asked to go to the headmaster’s office.
6．My father enjoys scanning(scan) the morning newspaper when we are having breakfast.
7．It was on September 16th that Mexico declared(declare) independence from Spain.
8．It was when I made the serious mistake that I realized I should take others’ advice seriously.
9．Having worked for just a few days，Richard was junior to those who had been in the company for a long time.
10．You don’t have to take his words seriously(serious), because he never keeps his word.
阅读理解
A
Hibernation(冬眠) allows an animal to slow its life support systems. This saves energy, and prevents the animal’s body from requiring additional food and water while it sleeps. The animal’s body temperature also drops, and most of the warmth is near and around the important organs.
Many small warm?blooded animals hibernate during the winter, like the dormouse, ground squirrel, and woodchuck. These animals need to hibernate for part of the year, and once this process begins, they are extremely difficult to wake up. The body temperature of a dormouse, for example, drops to just above zero, and its heart beats only a few times each minute. Some of these animals will wake up periodically to eat, but others stay in this deep sleep for up to six months.
Bears also sleep through the winter months; however, many scientists don’t classify them as true hibernators. This is because they don’t go through the same degree of physiological changes that other hibernating animals do. For example, while a bear’s heart rate and breathing slow, its body temperature doesn’t fall very much. Along with some bats, bears are also relatively easy to wake up. Most bears deliver their young during the winter, and so mother bears must become somewhat conscious during the birthing process to properly tend their babies.
Insects, reptiles(爬行动物) and other species, including some fish, also hibernate. Since they cannot maintain their body temperatures like warm?blooded animals, many cold?blooded animals find shelters in caves or underground to protect themselves during the winter. Some wetland creatures—as well as fish—often bury themselves in mud at the bottom of a lake or pond. This not only protects the creature from the bad weather, it also prevents the running water from washing the creature downstream and guards it from being eaten by animals that don’t hibernate.
However, while most animals eat extra food before hibernating and use the stored fat to get them through the winter, reptiles survive on glycogen(糖原), an energy storage molecule.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动物冬眠的一些知识。
1．What can we learn from paragraph 2?
A．Animals’ organs cannot work during hibernation.
B．Warm?blooded animals are more likely to hibernate.
C．Squirrels won’t be disturbed easily during hibernation.
D．Most small animals wake up periodically to feed themselves during hibernation.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的These animals need to hibernate...are extremely difficult to wake up.可知，松鼠冬眠时一般不容易醒来。
2．What prevents bears being called real hibernators?
A．Their heart rate increases.
B．They sleep for a short time in winters.
C．They eat little food before hibernating.
D．Their body temperature falls a little.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的For example, while a bear’s heart rate and breathing slow, its body temperature doesn’t fall very much.可知，熊类在冬眠时体温下降不大，因此有些专家认为它们并不是真正的冬眠。
3．Why do some wetland fish get themselves buried in mud in winter?
A．To look for more food.
B．To avoid being washed away.
C．To guarantee their deep sleep.
D．To get away from the strong sunlight.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的it also prevents the running water from washing the creature downstream可知，这些鱼这样做可以保护自己不被水冲走。
B
When Betabrand recognized that knitwear was becoming a popular look in running shoes, the company asked users of its website what kinds of footwear they liked. Using those answers, the clothing manufacturer had its version of the shoe available on the website in just one week.
What the users saw was a three dimensional(3?D) picture of the running shoe. The image had height, width and depth. However, no such footwear existed yet. Normally, it would take six to nine months to create a traditional model of the shoe. Buyers still needed to wait a few months for the real shoe to be manufactured. Yet the use of digital technology in designing and selling means new fashion products are getting to people faster than under the old system. “The web attention span is short, so if you can develop and create the product in a short time, you can be a real product development machine，” noted Chris Lindland, CEO of Betabrand.
The use of 3?D imaging is a big cultural change for clothing makers. For years, designers created images on paper; a design got approved; and then images went to a factory that created prototypes(原型). Designers and developers made changes and sent prototypes back and forth. Once a final version was approved, it was sent to the factory to be copied for mass production. From start to finish, the process could take as long as a year.
Now, some companies have designers creating images on high?resolution computer tablets. They use software programs that can email 3?D images of clothing with measurements immediately to factories. The goal is to reduce to six months or less the time it takes to get new products to stores.
“Companies and store owners who welcome this approach are going to be ‘the winners of the future’，” said David Bassuk, managing director of AlixPartners, a marketing advisory service.
Currently, although 3?D technology is only used in just two percent of overall suppliers, says Spencer Fung, CEO of Li & Fung, he believes that will change as more stores realize that reducing design time and prototypes saves money.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一款新型3?D鞋样的诞生，阐述了3?D技术能帮助服装行业提高生产效率，降低成本。
4．The appearance of the 3?D image of the running shoe means that ________．
A．the price of such a type of shoes will be higher
B．customers will tend to buy such a type of shoes
C．the entire production process will be more efficient
D．manufacturers will mainly produce knitwear products
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的Yet the use of digital technology...faster than under the old system.再结合第三段末尾说传统工艺需要大约一年时间，而第四段中说利用3?D技术可使时间减少至六个月甚至更短，由此可推断，3?D技术的出现可以使生产更高效。
5．According to David Bassuk, the winners of the future depend on ________．
A．a wide diversity of products
B．the use of digital technology
C．excellent customer service
D．simple manufacturing process
B 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可推测，David Bassuk的观点是：未来的市场赢家将属于那些善于运用数字科技的企业。句中的this approach指的就是前文讨论的3?D数字科技的运用。
6．What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A．The reform of 3?D technology is bound to succeed.
B．Store owners are optimistic about 3?D products.
C．Few buyers can realize the benefits of 3?D imaging.
D．The use of 3?D technology hasn’t yet caught on.
D 解析：推理判断题。最后一段中的just two percent of overall suppliers以及that will change as more stores realize...暗示了目前此项技术的运用并没有普及。
七选五
When one of your friends is upset, help them by being there for them, finding the right things to say, and avoiding common mistakes. Here are some ways to comfort your friend.
1．________ If they seem to be very troubled, it may take more effort on your part to help them. If something is bothering them, but they aren’t too upset, be there for them without overreacting. So use their behavior as your guide for how to go on with your help.
Find out what’s wrong. Before you say anything, try to figure out what the problem is. 2.________ If you try to talk to your friend without knowing the situation first, you could end up getting into trouble. If your friend is too upset to talk, don’t push them for an explanation. Just stay with them until they calm down.
Give your friend a hug. A kind touch will do wonders for your friend, even if you don’t know what they’re upset about. If your friend doesn’t like hugs, don’t force one. 3.________ Say something like，“I’ll just sit here with you.”
Encourage them to express themselves fully. 4.________ Pay attention and don’t interrupt. During pauses, you might add something like, “I’m listening.”
Keep the conversation focused on your friend. Do not talk about yourself and your own problems, even if you’ve faced similar issues as your friend. Derailing(偏离) the conversation with a story about yourself won’t solve your friend’s problems. 5.________
A．Offer your help immediately.
B．Just sit near them and keep them company.
C．It’s fine to offer advice if your friend asks for it.
D．This will help you know what to say and what not to say.
E．It will just make them feel like you aren’t listening to them.
F．Comfort your friend according to how upset they seem to be.
G．If your friend needs to get their sadness or anger out, let them do so.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍如何安慰朋友。
1．F 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主旨句。本段主要讲安慰朋友要依据他们的烦恼程度。
2．D 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在指代关系，设空中This指的是前一句的内容：在开口安慰朋友之前要知道朋友的问题所在，这样才能帮助“你”了解什么该说和什么不该说。
3．B 解析：此空设于段中，承上启下。上文提到在朋友不喜欢拥抱时，不要勉强，同时，根据下文的“I’ll just sit here with you.”也可推出。
4．G 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在解释关系，本段旨在说鼓励朋友充分表达自己。设空对主旨句作进一步解释，说明当朋友想发泄自己的悲伤或愤怒时，让他们这样做。
5．E 解析：此空设于段尾，与上文存在指代及因果关系，设空中的It指代上文提到的偏离谈话主题而谈论自己的故事这件事，这么做的结果是会让朋友感到“你”没有在倾听他们。
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Section Ⅳ Grammar
被动语态
1．(教材P10)Robots are programmed(programme) and controlled by a computer.
2．(教材P11)It was going to be tested(test) out by Larry’s wife, Claire.
3．(教材P11)Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered(offer) sympathy by a robot.
4．(教材P11)She was amazed(amaze) by his fingernails and the softness and warmth of his skin.
5．(2019·江苏卷)They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals will have been installed(install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.
6．When I got to the booking office, the tickets had been sold(sell) out.
被动语态的基本构成和用法
1．被动语态的基本构成
一般时 进行时 完成时
现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/havebeen done
过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done
◆In our daily life, many accidents are caused by careless driving.
在我们的日常生活中，许多事故是由开车不小心造成的。
◆Effective measures are being taken by the local government to reduce the smog.
当地政府正采取有效措施减少雾霾。
◆More expressways will be built in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
为促进当地经济发展， 不久更多的高速公路将在四川建成。
◆To my delight，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
使我高兴的是，我从成百上千申请参加开幕仪式的人员中当选。
◆His newly written novel had been translated into English by the end of last month.
上个月末， 他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。
2．使用被动语态应注意的几个问题
(1)否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。
◆He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctor’s degree.
听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。
(2)主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。
◆We saw him sitting there without doing anything.
＝He was seen sitting there without doing anything.
我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。
(3)在主动语态中，make、hear、see等词后接不定式时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。
◆We heard him say good－bye to his friends.
＝He was heard to say good－bye to his friends by us.
我们听到他向朋友们道别。
(4)带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的直接宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的间接宾语，或将表示人的间接宾语变为主语。
◆My father is telling me an interesting story now.
＝An interesting story is being told to me by my father now.
＝I’m being told an interesting story by my father now.
我爸爸现在正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。
3．动词的主动形式表示被动意义
(1)某些连系动词，如look, feel, smell, sound, prove等。
◆The flower smells sweet.
这花闻起来很香。
◆Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理。
◆Maria proves very patient and warm－hearted.
玛丽亚被证明很有耐心和热心。
(2)有些动词如read, write, clean, wash, iron, burn, draw, cook, keep, cut, open, sell等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well、easily、smoothly等连用，且通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
◆The pen writes well.
这只钢笔很好用。
◆This kind of cloth washes very easily.
这种布很好洗。
这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。
4．不用于被动语态的动词
有些动词不用于被动语态，如happen, cost, take place, have(有), belong to, suffer from等。
◆An accident happened yesterday.
昨天发生了一起事故。
◆Most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic jam.
世界上大多数大城市都交通拥堵。
动词不定式的被动形式
1．动词不定式的被动形式的基本用法
动词不定式的被动形式由“to＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动形式。动词不定式的被动形式只有一般式和完成式。
◆To be given such a good opportunity made me a little surprised.
被给了这么好的机会，我有点惊讶。
◆I’m going to the attend meeting to be held in the teachers’ office.
我正准备去参加在教师办公室举行的会议。
◆It’s a great honour to be invited to attend the party.
承蒙邀请参加聚会，甚是荣幸。
2．动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况
(1)动词不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的被动关系，且与句中另一名词或代词有逻辑上的主动关系时。
◆The poor old man only has a very small room to live in.
那位可怜的老人只有一个很小的房子住。
(2)动词不定式跟在性质形容词后，与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时。
◆As far as I’m concerned, English is easy to learn.
就我个人而言，英语容易学。
(3)动词不定式与疑问词连用时。
◆Tom had no idea which book to read first.
汤姆不知道应该先读哪本书。
单句语法填空
1．If Bob is offered(offer) a job, is he willing to go to the remote town?
2．It will be the first project to be designed(design) by Chinese engineers.
3．Rose’s smartphone was left in a taxi accidentally, never to be found(find) again.
4．Before you enter the Eiffel Tower, your bags will be examined(examine) by a security officer.
5．It is a great honor for me to be chosen(choose) as a volunteer for the Olympic Games.
6．The decision to be made(make) at tomorrow’s meeting will have a great effect on farmers.
7．The hospital has recently got new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated(treat)．
8．Victoria went to the bookstore on Sunday morning, only to be told(tell) that it was being decorated.
9．(2018·天津卷)My washing machine is being repaired(repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
10．New art forms were introduced(introduce) at the end of the Qing dynasty. As a result, people lost interest in paper－cutting.
11．Most airports are built(build) far away from downtown, so it often takes passengers quite a long time to arrive.
12．(2018·北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped(trap) in the mountains for two days.
单句改错
1．When I was trapped in the mountain, I really had no choice but to wait to be rescuing.
rescuing→rescued
2．As we approached the work site, the workers were seen build the new house.
build→building
3．Though he is treating unfairly, Collin kept working hard in the company without any complaint.
treating→treated
4．The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people persuaded to eat healthily.
在persuaded前加are
5．I was made play a bad role in the film, so I refused.
在made后加to
6．The flowers are so dry and they need to be watering right away.
watering→watered
7．The last time I went back to my birthplace, a high?speed railway was built there.
在was后加being
8．Other tests have been shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body.
去掉been
同义句改写
1．In my opinion, teachers should treat every student fairly.
→In my opinion, every student should be treated fairly by teachers.
2．The strong wind damaged the roof of our old house yesterday afternoon.
→The roof of our old house was damaged by the strong wind yesterday afternoon.
3．The librarian doesn’t allow me to take the books out of the reading room.
→I am not allowed to take the books out of the reading room.
→The books are not allowed to be taken out of the reading room.
4．By the end of last term, the students had read more than ten English books.
→By the end of last term, more than ten English books had been read by the students.
5．We are going to attend the meeting which will be held in Shanghai next month.
→We are going to attend the meeting to be held in Shanghai next month.
6．The policeman is questioning Johnson about the traffic accident at this moment.
→Johnson is being questioned by the policeman about the traffic accident at this moment.
7．In the past ten years, they have built a large number of high?rise buildings in our city.
→In the past ten years, a large number of high?rise buildings have been built in our city.
8．It is reported that the remains of the missing plane have been found in the mountains.
→The remains of the missing plane are reported to have been found in the mountains.
单句语法填空
1．As is known to all, the 2022 Winter Olympics will__be__held(hold) in Beijing and towns in the neighboring Hebei Province.
2．In China, the practice of presenting the best food first to the senior members of the family has__been__observed(observe) for generations.
3．Up to now, a large number of new houses have__been__built(build) in what used to be a wasteland.
4．The decision to__be__made(make) at tomorrow’s meeting will affect a lot of people.
5．His book is said to__have__been__translated(translate) into more than 30 languages since it was__published(publish) in the 1940s.
6．Your pencil case is nowhere to__be__found(find), and I will buy a new one for you this weekend.
7．The fire is reported to__have__been__caused(cause) by a cigarette end, which was thrown by one tourist.
8．The best and most beautiful thing in the world cannot be__seen(see) or even touched for it must be__felt(feel)．
9．It is a great honor for me to__be__asked(ask) to speak at the meeting on behalf of the whole class.
10．The kids were__allowed(allow) to go swimming in the river, which made them very happy.
阅读理解
We live in a golden age of misinformation. On Twitter, false news spreads further and faster than the truth. In the run?up to the 2016 US presidential election, the most popular false articles got more Facebook shares, reactions and comments than the top real news, according to a BuzzFeed News analysis.
Before the Internet, “You could not have a person sitting in a room and generating conspiracy(阴谋) theories at a mass scale，” says Luca de Alfaro, a computer scientist at the University of California. But with today’s social media, selling lies is too easy—whether those lies come from a company like Disinfomedia, which has owned several false news websites, or a crowd of teenagers in Macedonia who got huge sums of money by writing popular false news.
Most Internet users probably aren’t intentionally broadcasting nonsense. Information overload and the Web surfers’ limited attention span aren’t exactly good at fact?checking inspection. Confirmation bias(偏见) feeds in as well. “When they’re dealing with unfiltered information, it’s likely that people will choose something that meets with their own thinking, even if that information is false，” says Fabiana Zollo, a computer scientist in Italy who studies how information circulates on social networks.
Intentional or not, sharing misinformation can have serious consequences. False news doesn’t just threaten the equity of elections and wear away public trust in real news. It threatens lives. Rumors(谣言) that spread on WhatsApp, a smartphone messaging system, for instance, led to murder cases in India that left more than a dozen people dead.
To help sort false news from truth, programmers are building automated systems that judge the truth of online stories. A computer program might consider certain characteristics of an article or the reception an article gets on social media. Computers that recognize certain warning signs could warn human fact?checkers, who would do the final check. “Automatic lie?finding tools are still in their babyhood，” says computer scientist Giovanni Luca Ciampaglia of Indiana University Bloomington.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。如今，我们处在一个假新闻充斥网络的时代，本文就假新闻的影响及如何抵御进行了讨论。
1．What can be learned from the second paragraph?
A．False news is sometimes more popular than the real news.
B．Teenagers are the main force for spreading fake messages.
C．The openness of the Internet provides soil for false news.
D．Social media contributes to the loss of people’s social values.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的Before the Internet...selling lies is too easy可知，在过去，大规模的传播假消息是很难的，而如今，网络的发展使其变得十分容易。由此可推断，第二段想告诉我们的是网络为假消息提供了生存的土壤。
2．What best explains the underlined word “unfiltered” in paragraph 3?
A．Unknown. B．Original.
C．False. D．Boring.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知，网络消息的关注度并不能证明它的真实性，因为人们在阅读那些未过滤的信息时，容易根据自己的喜好去选择，即使那是错误的消息。由此推断，画线词意为“未过滤的，原始的”。
3．Paragraph 4 is mainly about ________．
A．the drawbacks of social media
B．the negative effects of misinformation
C．the disordered Internet market of India
D．the relationship between laws and rumors
B 解析：段落大意题。根据第四段的内容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要想告诉我们虚假消息的不利影响。
4．What do we know about the automatic lie?finding tools?
A．They have been fully developed in the computer program.
B．They remind human fact?checkers of some warning signs.
C．They are proved to be good at telling false news from the truth.
D．They make up a machine?controlled system that can do the final check.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Computers that recognize certain warning signs could warn human fact?checkers, who would do the final check.可知，这个自动识别系统可以帮助人工排查人员分辨网络信息。
完形填空
I came from my home in Italy by overnight train to Vienna to start the second part of my year abroad as an English language assistant. I went to sleep in Italy and __1__ in Austria, to a snow?covered countryside that looked like something out of a tour guide. Although this __2__ scene made me excited, I soon __3__ that adjusting to the Austrian world was going to be __4__．
The first thing was the __5__. I had to switch from talking and thinking in Italian to German __6__. I found myself stumbling over(结结巴巴地说) words and really struggling to __7__ when people spoke to me, especially in Austrian German which not only sounds different from the German I learned at school but also uses different words! So I’ve had lots of __8__ moments in the supermarket and felt rather embarrassed when I used the __9__ word.
There are also lots of other __10__ things. One big difference is the __11__. Italy is famous for its varied pasta(意大利面食) dishes and delicious pizzas! But in Austria the __12__ food seems to be meat. It also seems that there isn’t time for a __13__， relaxed lunch. In Italy I had an hour’s lunch break from my office job, but when I’m __14__ in the schools in Vienna there are just 10 or 15 minutes between lessons, which is only __15__ for a quick sandwich.
I don’t think these are __16__ things, but it will just take time to get used to them. However, there are some things I have immediately __17__， like the very efficient public transport—it’s __18__ to get around and it’s always on time! I also __19__ the coffee house culture here where you can go to a café and just sit for hours, chatting and __20__ with friends and a cake or two. In fact, I really love the country and I think I will enjoy my stay here.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在异国他乡遇到的问题，但是作者仍然希望通过努力能够快乐地生活在这里。
1．A.stayed up B．dressed up
C．warmed up D．woke up
D 解析：根据上文的I came from my home in Italy by overnight train to Vienna及I went to sleep in Italy ...Austria可知，作者睡着的时候还在意大利，但醒来(woke up)时已身在奥地利。
2．A.familiar B．touching
C．beautiful D．funny
C 解析：根据上文的a snow?covered countryside that looked like something out of a tour guide可知，这里的景色很美(beautiful)。
3．A.realized B．guessed
C．admitted D．remembered
A 解析：根据下文中对作者在奥地利遇到的问题的描述可知，作者很快就意识到(realized)适应奥地利的生活是比较难的(hard)。
4．A.hard B．boring
C．meaningful D．interesting
A
5．A.habit B．language
C．attitude D．custom
B 解析：根据本段中的I had to switch from talking and thinking in Italian to German可知，首先是语言(language)方面的问题。作者的所说所想都要立刻(immediately)从意大利语切换成德语。
6．A.patiently B．finally
C．secretly D．immediately
D
7．A.think B．understand
C．learn D．explain
B 解析：根据上文的I found myself stumbling over(结结巴巴地说) words ...spoke to me可知，当别人跟作者说话的时候，作者理解(understand)起来很吃力。
8．A.brief B．anxious
C．awkward D．terrifying
C 解析：根据本段中的especially in Austrian German...uses different words及felt rather embarrassed可知，作者在超市里经历过很多尴尬的(awkward)时刻，在使用了错误的(wrong)词语后会感到非常尴尬。
9．A.key B．wrong
C．foreign D．hurtful
B
10．A.different B．basic
C．wonderful D．silly
A 解析：根据下文中对意大利和奥地利食物的对比及One big difference可知，在这里生活还有很多其他不一样的(different)地方，其中一项就是食物(food)。
11．A.restaurant B．bill
C．menu D．food
D
12．A.delicious B．main
C．cheap D．fast
B 解析：根据上文的Italy is famous for its varied pasta(意大利面食) dishes and delicious pizzas！可知，奥地利的主要(main)食物就是肉类。
13．A.late B．light
C．long D．hot
C 解析：根据上文的start the second part of my year abroad as an English language assistant及In Italy I had an hour’s lunch break from my office job, but ...10 or 15 minutes between lessons可知，在维也纳，人们没有很长的(long)时间来享受一顿轻松的午餐。当作者在学校工作(working)时，每节课之间只有10到15分钟的休息时间，仅仅够(enough)吃一个三明治。
14．A.struggling B．studying
C．sitting D．working
D
15．A.proper B．enough
C．convenient D．ready
B
16．A.bad B．small
C．risky D．important
A 解析：根据空后的but it will just take time to get used to them可知，作者并不觉得这些不同是坏(bad)事，只是需要时间去适应。
17．A.gotten tired of B．gotten close to
C．gotten used to D．gotten interested in
C 解析：根据本段的like the very efficient public transport可知，作者在奥地利还是很快适应了(gotten used to)一些事，比如高效便捷的公共交通——到处走动很容易(easy)而且通常很准时。
18．A.safe B．necessary
C．easy D．possible
C
19．A.feel B．share
C．keep D．enjoy
D 解析：根据本句的chatting and ...friends and a cake or two可知，作者也很喜欢(enjoy)这里的咖啡屋文化，人们可以一连坐在咖啡厅里几个小时，和朋友聊天或者吃些点心放松(relaxing)身心。
20．A.relaxing B．dreaming
C．comparing D．competing
A
语法填空
Scientists found that air pollution may be responsible 1.____________ a big reduction in 2.____________(intelligent). Research showed that air pollution led to big falls in test 3.____________(score) for languages and mathematics. The study called “The influence of air pollution on cognitive(认知的) performance” 4.____________(conduct) over four years ago. Researchers analyzed speaking and mathematics tests 5.____________(take) by 20，000 people of all ages. They said, “Polluted air may do harm to cognitive ability as people become older.”
The study is a warning to the rest of the world, 6.____________(particular) those in cities. Over 91 percent of the world population live in areas with polluted air, 7.____________ is the fourth biggest cause of global deaths. Researchers discovered that the 8.____________(long) people were exposed to polluted air, the greater their cognitive ability went down. They said air pollution caused a year’s worth of lost education. For those aged over 60, this could be several years. A researcher warned, “9.____________ is no shortcut to solve this issue. Governments really need to take effective measures 10.____________(reduce) air pollution.”
1．for 解析：考查固定搭配。be responsible for意为“造成……的原因”。
2．intelligence 解析：考查名词。设空处作in的宾语，表示“脑力”，故填intelligence。
3．scores 解析：考查名词复数。score是可数名词，且在此表泛指，故填名词复数形式scores。
4．was conducted 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。由后面的over four years ago可知，设空处所表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；又因为study与conduct之间是被动关系，故填was conducted。
5．taken 解析：考查过去分词。tests后跟定语，又因为take与tests之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且take所表示的动作已完成，故填taken。
6．particularly 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“尤其”，故填particularly。
7．which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明polluted air，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
8．longer 解析：考查副词比较级。“the＋副词比较级，the＋副词比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。
9．There 解析：考查there be句型。句意：解决这一问题并没有捷径。故填There。
10．to reduce 解析：考查动词不定式。政府采取有效措施的目的是为了减少空气污染，故填to reduce。
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Section Ⅴ Writing
想象类作文
文体感知
想象类作文多是给出简单要点或图表等，要求学生在此基础上进行合理想象，是一种创造型的写作，是开放式作文的一种。注意事项：
(1)要根据题目要求和提示，确定好主题并围绕主题展开合理而全面的想象，切忌根据自己的喜好而随意想象。
(2)要注意人称及时态的正确运用。
(3)要有丰富的表达方式，大胆使用一些较高级词汇及较复杂句式。
亮点句式
1．The world of the future is an advanced place.
未来的世界是个先进的地方。
2．What will our life be like in the future?
我们未来的生活会是什么样子？
3．The world of the future will be full of novelty every day.
未来世界每天都会充满新奇的事物。
4．The future of China is standing in the forefront of advanced countries in the world.
未来的中国会站立在世界先进国家的前线。
写作模板
Sometimes I dream about life in the future. What will it be?
The world of the future is an advanced place. Perhaps some people will ________ and some scientists will ________. We can ________ without ________， which makes the life more convenient. Maybe we will also ________. In the future, people can ________．
The world of the future will be full of novelty every day. I’m really looking forward to our future life.
写作要求
假如你是李华，为了激发学生的想象力，你们学校本周将举行一次征文比赛，主题是“我的未来生活”。请根据下列提示写一篇短文。
1．家族；2.工作；3.业余生活。
注意：词数100左右。
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．喜爱…… have an affection for
2．陪伴 accompany
3．为……工作 work for
4．程序设计员 a program designer
5．与……相处得好 get along well with
6．继续做某事 continue to do/doing sth.
遣词造句
1．完成句子
①我那时的生活会截然不同。
My life will be quite different then.
②那时我的生活会是优雅及令人满意的。
At that time my life will be elegant and satisfactory．
③我会拥有一个幸福的家庭，有一个可爱的孩子，我们全家人都喜欢他。
I will have a happy family, and a lovely baby, and our family all will have an affection for him.
④我会拥有一个舒适便利的家，家里有各种各样的数码设备和家具。
I will have a comfortable and convenient home, and there are all kinds of digital equipment and furniture in it.
⑤在我家里有一个家用机器人，它能帮我打扫家，准备美味的饭菜并且能陪伴婴儿。
My home will have a household robot. It can help me clean my home, prepare delicious cuisine and accompany my baby．
⑥我希望作为一名程序设计员为一家电脑公司工作。
I hope I will work for a computer company as a program designer．
2．句式升级
⑦用定语从句改写句①②
My life will be quite different then, which will be elegant and satisfactory.
⑧用who引导定语从句改写句③
I will have a happy family, and a lovely baby, who our family all will have an affection for．
⑨用where引导定语从句改写句④
I will have a comfortable and convenient home, where there are all kinds of digital equipment and furniture．
⑩用which引导定语从句改写句⑤
My home will have a household robot, which can help me clean my home, prepare delicious cuisine and accompany my baby．
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
I often imagine what my life will be like in the future. I think my life will be quite different then, which will be elegant and satisfying/satisfactory.
In the future, I will have a happy family, and a lovely baby, who our family all will have an affection for. Besides, I will have a comfortable and convenient home, where there are all kinds of digital equipment and furniture. What’s more, my home will have a household robot, which can help me clean my home, prepare delicious cuisine and accompany my baby. In addition, I hope I will work for a computer company as a program designer. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues. I will do a good job in whatever I do. In my free time, I will continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games. On my holidays, I will travel around the world.
In a word, my life will be richer and more colourful.
假定你是李华，你校英语刊物正在开展主题为“The Future of Human Life”的征文活动。请你展开合理想象，根据以下要点提示描述人类生活在未来会发生哪些变化。
1．医疗进步；
2．人类移居其他星球；
3．机器人被广泛应用。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
The Future of Human Life
No one can exactly predict what the future of human life will be like. As I can imagine, great changes will take place in many ways.
To begin with, the solutions to many diseases which can’t be cured at present will be found, so future medicine will help increase life expectancy and improve the quality of life. Secondly, with the population increasing, people will find another planet to live. Lastly, it won’t be long before a growing number of robots are applied to more and more fields such as traffic and education, which will affect our life greatly.
In a word, it’s likely that with the development of science and technology, what is impossible now will become a reality soon.
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Unit 2 Robots
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求 vt.希望得到；想要
①He said he desired to make(make) his own living as soon as he graduated from the college.
②The government desired that the public should pay(pay) attention to the rule.
2．satisfaction n．满意；满足；令人满意的事物
To the satisfaction of the boss, his products could satisfy the needs of the customers.(satisfy)
3．alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 n．警报；惊恐
I was very alarmed to hear the alarming news that another bombing had hit London.(alarm)
4．favour n．喜爱；恩惠 vt.喜爱；偏袒
The old blind man asked me to do him a favour and find his favourite book.(favour)
5．accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏
Last night, my companion kept me company to see a film and then he accompanied me to my home.(accompany)
重点词汇夯实练
6.junior adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的 n．年少者；晚辈；等级较低者
Although I have just graduated from junior middle school(初级中学毕业), I have finished the books for Senior One students and now I am working on the books for Senior Two.
7.talent n．天才；特殊能力；才干
Everybody said Jane was a talented girl because she did well in all her subjects and had a talent for singing, dancing and drawing. (talent)
8.envy vt.忌妒；羡慕
Nowadays China is developing fast, which is envied(envy) by other countries.
9.divorce n．离婚；断绝关系 vt.与……离婚；与……脱离
In the dream you can start any wings to fly, but you cannot be divorced(divorce) from reality.
10.declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
When this monument in honour of the hero was first shown to the public, the day was declared(declare) a holiday.
阅读词汇排查练
1.household adj. 家庭的；家用的
n. 一家人；家庭
2.fiction n. 小说；虚构或想象出来的事
3.bonus n. 额外津贴；奖金；红利
4.apron n. 围裙
5.elegant adj. 优雅的；高雅的；讲究的
6.absurd adj. 荒谬的；可笑的
7.haircut n． 发型；理发
8.cushion n. (坐、跪时用的)软
垫；靠垫；垫子
9.counter n. 柜台；计数器
10.cuisine n. 烹饪(风味)；菜肴
11.thinking n. 思想；思考
12.holy adj. 神的；上帝的；圣洁的
13.mailbox n. (美)邮筒；信箱
14.digital adj. 数字的；数码的；手指的；脚趾的
15.grand adj. 大的；豪华的；雄伟的
16.biography n. (由他人撰写的)传记；传记文学
17.chapter n. (书中的)章；篇；回
18.framework n. 框架；结构
重点短语
会书写
1.test out 考验出；检验完
2.take sb./sth.seriously 认真对待某人/某物
3.set aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)
4.be bound to 一定做……
5.ring up 给……打电话
6.leave...alone 不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；
和……单独在一起
7.in all 一共；总计
8.in favour of 支持；赞成
9.reach for 伸手去摸……
10.turn around 转身；翻转
会应用
1.From my point of view, it is really high time that we took the problem seriously.
2.He expects that his father can set aside a week for a family trip during the Spring Festival.
3.You are bound to achieve your dreams if you keep trying your best.
4.With the old people and young children left alone at home，more and more peasants come to big cities to make a fortune.
5.They usually have the medicine tested out before putting into the market all over the country.
6.He turned around only to find there stood a girl who asked him for help.
重点句型
句式 仿写
1.more...than...与其说……倒不如说…… His name was Tony and he seemed more like a human than a machine. 当她女儿被抓住考试作弊时，与其说她是生气，倒不如说她是伤心。 She was more sad than angry when her daughter was caught cheating in the exam.
2.it作形式主语的主语从句It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human. 他在英语竞赛中获得了一等奖真让人感到兴奋。It is exciting that he has won the first prize in the English contest.
3.地点或时间副词位于句首时引起的完全倒装句式 As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. 现在有一个好机会，你可以利用暑假参加机器人大赛。 Here comes a good chance that you can use your summer vacation to participate in Robot Competition.
4.what感叹句式What a sweet victory to be envied by those women！ 看！男孩们正在操场上玩耍。多么热闹的场景！ Look！The boys are playing on the playground.What a busy scene it is！
5.can’t have sb.doing sth.不允许某人做某事 But even though Tony had been so clever，he would have to be rebuilt—you cannot have women falling in love with machines. 我们不能让他欺骗人们而不受惩罚。 We would not have him getting away with cheating people.
单元语法
1．Education must be paid(pay) enough attention to before a country makes great progress in technology.
2．She asked to be sent(send) to work as a village official in the village where she was born.
3．Tom can’t sleep well because his problem on how to carry out his plan remained to be settled(settle)．
4．I am always expecting to be given(give) an opportunity to study in France as an exchange student.
5．After Jack talked with them，he was given(give) 10 minutes to decide whether to accept the offer.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．我的朋友李明从小就很渴望自己制造一个机器人。(desire)
2．他的父母不让他每天摆弄机器零件。(have...play with)
3．他不得不抽出一些空余时间来搞发明。(set aside)
4．上了大学后，他开始检测一些电子元件。(test out)
5．他把自己很多其他的爱好都放到一边。(set aside)
6．到目前为止，很多公司打电话给他，要买他的发明。(ring...up)
7．这则消息使得一家人很满意。(satisfaction)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
My friend Li Ming had the desire to make a robot himself as a child.But for fear that it would influence his study，his parents wouldn’t have him playing with parts of machine every day，so he had to set aside some spare time to work on his invention.After he went to college, he began to test out some electronic instruments.He devoted himself to it and set aside many other hobbies，and in the end，his efforts paid off.By far，many companies have rung him up to buy his invention，which is a satisfaction to the whole family.
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