Unit 4 Sharing
冰冷的钢筋水泥城市阻挡不了现代人的情感传递。在这个社区里，人们互帮互助、抱团取暖，用分享与合作共建和谐社区。
Modern Success Stories in the Neighborhood
In this neighborhood, there are a number of people who are in need of a little help. Cynthia Marks is a single mother who finds it difficult to work all day and to put dinner on the table every night for her four kids.She talked to her neighbor, Ann Cullen, another single mother with two children, who works full time. Ann understood Cynthia’s needs. She, too, often felt anger at having to coordinate(协调) the cooking and cleaning after working all day.So the two neighbors thought of a plan. They decided that they would take turns cooking for each other’s families once a week. They were ready for a change. They had a feeling that this would improve their lives.
There are hundreds of neighborhoods in which people need some help to do ordinary chores(杂事). Neighborhood groups exist to help people in a number of different ways. There are groups that help older people
who can no longer drive or do their shopping on their own.There are neighborhood crime?watch groups that watch for any signs of robberies. There are child?safety programs that ask adults to watch out for neighborhood children who may need to come to a safe home in an emergency.
Cynthia and Ann’s plan was a success. They now share meal making and sometimes eat together with three other neighbors. According to Ann, cooking for a group once a week is better than cooking five nights a week for three. In addition to sharing dinner, Cynthia and Ann get to talk about their problems and responsibilities. They find it is beneficial just to be able to discuss a problem with another adult. With their neighbors, they discuss the neighborhood school their young children attend and let each other know about special sales in neighborhood stores or social events that will be taking place. According to these women, they were able to build a relationship that has improved their lives.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.textbook n． 教科书；课本
2.weekly adj. & adv. 每周(的)
3.relevant adj. 有关的；切题的
4.remote adj. 遥远的；偏僻的
5.platform n． 台；平台；讲台；(火车站的)月台
6.otherwise conj. 否则；不然
adv. 用别的方法；其他方面
7.privilege n． 特权；特别优待
拓展词汇
8.muddy adj.泥泞的；泥土般的→mud n．泥；泥泞
9.adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合→adjustment n．调整；调节；适应
10.participate vi.参与；参加→participation n．参与；参加
11.arrangement n．安排；排列→arrange v．安排
阅读词汇
12.airmail n． 航空邮件
13.fortnight n． 两星期
14.roof n． 屋顶；车顶
15.concept n. 观念；概念
16.weed n． 杂草；野草
vt.& vi. 除杂草
17.hut n． 棚屋；小屋
18.broom n. 扫帚
19.interpreter n. 作口译的人
20.sniff vt.& vi. 嗅；闻；用鼻子吸
21.grill n. 烤架；大平底锅
vt. 烧烤；炙烤
重点短语
1.dry up (指河流、井等)干涸
2.dry out (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
3.stick out 伸出；坚持到底；显眼
4.to be honest 说实话；坦白地说
5.come across 偶然遇到或发现；碰到；被理解
6.up to 多达；直到
7.(be) dying to 极想；渴望
8.hear from 接到……的信
9.participate in 参与；参加
10.the other day 不久前的一天
11.make a difference to 对……有影响；起作用
12.get through 通过
重点句型
1.be doing sth.when...正在做某事，这时……：The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when(正在给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，这时), before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere！
2.doubt whether...怀疑是否……：To be honest, I doubt whether(我怀疑是否) I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all.
3.“助动词do/does/did＋动词原形”表示强调：But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village(真的拜访了一个村庄) which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.
4.from where 引导定语从句：We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views(在那儿我们欣赏了优美的风景) and then down a steep path to the valley below.
Fast?reading
Skim the text and do the following exercises.
1．What’s the main idea of the letter?
A．Jo told Rosemary what she had done and seen in Papua New Guinea.
B．Jo advised us to come to Papua New Guinea.
C．Jo encouraged her friend to live in Papua New Guinea.
D．Jo introduced the local people’s battle against their enemies.
答案：A
2．Match the main idea of each part.
Part 1(Para.1) A．Jo and Jenny visited Tombe’s home in the village.
Part 2(Paras.2－3) B．End of the letter.
Part 3(Paras.4－8) C．Opening of the letter and introduction to what will be talked about in the passage.
Part 4(Para.9) D．The school where Jo worked and Jo’s work at school.
答案：CDAB
Careful?reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．In a chemistry experiment the boys jumped out of the windows because they ________．
A．were frightened by the bubbling mixture
B．couldn’t stand the terrible smell of the mixture
C．didn’t like doing chemistry experiments
D．knew chemistry was not relevant to them
2．Why does Jo wonder how relevant chemistry is to the kids?
A．Because she thinks chemistry is too difficult to learn.
B．Because she thinks chemistry may make little difference to the kids’ lives.
C．Because the kids there hardly come across anything of chemistry.
D．Because she thinks chemistry is useless.
3．How did Jo feel after the visit to Tombe’s family?
A．Upset. B．Worried.
C．Happy. D．Sad.
4．According to the passage, it is NOT true that ________．
A．many of the students have to walk a long way to go to school
B．Jo had visited Tombe’s family several times before the letter
C．there is no electricity or water and even no textbooks in the school
D．Tombe lives in a poor but complete family
答案：1－4.ABCB
Study?reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here, so I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.
[翻译] 我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况，因此我在信中附了几张照片，这将帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。
2．The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment是主句，when在此引导时间状语从句。
③when从句中又包含before引导的时间状语从句。
[翻译] 不久前的一天，我正在给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没明白是怎么回事，这时混合剂就到处冒泡了！
3．Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②I wonder是主句，how引导宾语从句。
③在how从句中，most of whom...anyway是非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词students。
[翻译] 有时候我真想知道，化学跟这些学生有多大关系。不管怎样他们中的大多数人上完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。
4．We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
[翻译] 我们走了两个半小时到了那里——先爬到了一座山的山脊， 在那儿我们欣赏了优美的风景， 然后下了一个陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。
①fortnight['f??tnaIt]n.两星期
②hear from接到……的信
hear of/about 听说；得知
③(be) dying to 极想；渴望
同义短语：be eager/anxious/longing to
④include v．使成为……的一部分
⑤picture vt.想象，设想
⑥roof[ru?f]n.屋顶；车顶
⑦muddy['m?dI]adj.泥泞的；泥土般的
⑧track n．小道，路径；车辙，踪迹
⑨up to 多达；高达
It’s up to sb. to do sth.
由某人负责做某事。
sb. be up to sth.
某人胜任某职务
⑩textbook['teksb?k]n.教科书；课本
?adapt to 适应
?conditions (复)(生活或工作)条件；境况
?for sure 肯定
?imaginative adj.富有想象力的
imaginary adj. 虚构的；
想象的
?challenging adj.具有挑战性的
?concept['k?nsept]n.观念；概念
have no concept of doing sth.对做某事没有想法/概念
?bucket['b?kIt]n.水桶；
吊桶；提桶
?the other day 不久前的一天
?weekly['wi?klI]adj.& adv.每周(的)
?mixture n．混合(物)
bubble['b?bl]vi.起泡；
沸腾；汩汩地流动
come across 遇见；碰上
relevant['rel?v?nt]adj.有关的；切题的
(be) relevant to与……
相关；与……切题
anyway 同 anyhow, 副词，意为“不管怎样，无论如何”。
to be honest 说实话
make a difference to... 对……有作用/有影响
actually adv.的确；事实上；真实地
dialect n．方言
remote[rI'm??t]adj.遥远的；偏僻的
be remote from远离
ridge[rId?]n.山脊；屋脊
weed[wi?d]n.杂草；野草
vt.& vi. 除杂草
shake hands with
与……握手
relative n．亲戚
hut[h?t]n.棚屋；小屋
stick out 伸出；突出
rectangular[rek't??ɡj?l?]
adj.长方形的；矩形的
rectangle['rekt??ɡl]n.
矩形；长方形
get through 穿过；通过；完成
adjust[?'d??st]vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合
lay vt.(laid；laid)放；搁置；下蛋
lie—lay—lain 躺；位于
lie—lied—lied撒谎
platform['pl?tf??m]n.台；平台；讲台；(火车站的)月台
would 在此表示过去的一种习惯。
possession n．[C]所有物，财物(多用复数)；[U]拥有
in possession of 拥有
in one’s possession被某人拥有
broom[bru?m]n.扫帚
tin[tIn]n.锡
jar[d?ɑ?]n.罐；广口瓶
build a fire 生火(＝make a fire)
greens n．青菜
steam v．蒸 n．蒸汽；水汽
sniff[snIf]vt.& vi.嗅；闻；用鼻子吸
participate[pɑ?'tIsIpeIt]vi.参与；参加
participate in sth.参与某事
interpreter[In't??prIt?]n.作口译的人
grill[ɡrIl]n.烤架；大平底锅 vt.烧烤；炙烤
puzzled adj.感到迷惑的
dry out (使浸水等之物)
完全变干；干透
leftover['left???v?]n.剩余物；残留物；剩饭
adj.剩余的
evil['i?vl]adj.邪恶的
n．邪恶；罪恶
dry up (指河流、井等)干涸
otherwise['???waIz]conj.
否则；不然
adv.用别的方法；其他方面
muscle n．肌肉
ache vi.痛，疼
privilege['prIv?lId?]n.特权；特别优待
prepare lessons 备课
paperwork['peIp?w??k]n.
文书工作
A LETTER HOME
Dear Rosemary，
Thanks for your letter，which took a fortnight① to arrive. It was wonderful to hear from② you. I know you’re dying to③ hear all about my life here, so I’ve included④ some photos which will help you picture⑤ the places I talk about.
◆which took a fortnight to arrive是非限制性定语从句，修饰your letter。
◆I know...talk about.中，I know...here是省略that的宾语从句，which will help...是which引导的定语从句，修饰some photos，I talk about是省略that的定语从句。
You asked about my high school. Well, it’s a bush school—the classrooms are made of bamboo and the roofs⑥ of grass．It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy⑦ track⑧. When I reach the school grounds there are lots of “good mornings” for me from the boys. Many of them have walked a long way, sometimes up to⑨ two hours, to get to school.
◆the roofs of grass 承接and前的分句，roofs后省略了are made。
◆It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人一些时间。
There’s no electricity or water and even no textbooks⑩ either! I’m still trying to adapt to? these conditions?. However, one thing is for sure?， I’ve become more imaginative? in my teaching. Science is my most challenging?subject as my students have no concept? of doing experiments. In fact there is no equipment, and if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a bucket?！ The other day? I was showing the boys the weekly? chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture? was bubbling over everywhere! The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows. Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. To be honest, I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all.
◆as my students have no concept...是as引导的原因状语从句。下一段第二句中的as I don’t speak...也是as引导的原因状语从句。
◆I was showing...中was showing...when是“be doing...when...”结构，before I knew...是before引导的时间状语从句。
◆who had never come across anything like this before是who引导的定语从句，修饰The boys。
◆most of whom...是“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰these students。从句中will be doing sth.是将来进行时，表示将来某一具体时间点或时间段正在发生的事情。
You asked whether I’m getting to know any local people. Well, that’s actually quite difficult as I don’t speak much of the local English dialect yet. But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe. It was my first visit to a remote village. We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below. When we arrived at the village, Tombe’s mother, Kiak, who had been pulling weeds in her garden, started crying “ieee ieee”. We shook hands with all the villagers. Everyone seemed to be a relativeof Tombe’s.
◆did visit中did表示强调，强调谓语动词visit，意为“确实，的确”。强调谓语在其前加do/does/did。强调主语、宾语、状语等成分用强调句型：it is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。
◆which is the home of...是which引导的定语从句，修饰a village。
◆from where引导定语从句，where指代on the ridge或along the ridge。
◆When we...“ieee ieee”．中When we arrived at the village是when引导的时间状语从句，Kiak是Tombe’s mother的同位语，who had...是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Tombe’s mother。
Tombe’s father, Mukap, led us to his house, a low bamboo hutwith grass sticking out of the roof—this shows it is a man’s house. The huts were round, not rectangular like the school buildings. There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get through. The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust. Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on. Usually Kiak would sleep in her own hut, but that night she was going to share the platform with us. Mukap and Tombe were to sleep on small beds in another part of the hut. There was a fireplace in the centre of the hut near the doorway. The only possessions I could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.
◆with grass sticking out of the roof是with复合结构，在句中作定语，修饰hut。
◆for sb. to do是动词不定式的复合结构，在句中作后置定语。若动词为不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。
◆I could see是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词possessions。先行词被The only修饰，定语从句引导词要用that，不能用which。
Outside Mukap was building a fire. Once the fire was going, he laid stones on it. When hot, he placed them in an empty oil drum with kau kau (sweet potato), corn and greens. He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam. I sniffed the food; it smelled delicious. We ate inside the hut sitting round the fire. I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate in the conversation. Luckily, Tombe could be our interpreter.
◆once引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦”。
◆When hot是时间状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：when they were hot。
◆现在分词短语sitting round the fire在句中作方式状语。
◆even though(＝even if) 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。
Later, I noticed a tin can standing upside down on the grill over the fire. After a short time Tombe threw it out of the doorway. I was puzzled . Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food. They believe that any leftovers attract evil spirits in the night, so the food is dried up in the can and the can is then thrown out of the hut. Otherwise they don’t waste anything.
◆notice＋宾语＋doing sth.意为“注意到……在做某事”。句中现在分词standing作宾补。
We left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes. My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we climbed down the mountain towards home. That evening I fell happily into bed. It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.
◆my knees shaking承接and前的分句，knees后省略了were。
◆It was a privilege to do sth.做某事是一种殊荣。to have done是动词不定式的完成式，表明该动作先于谓语动词表示的动作发生。
It’s getting late and I have to prepare tomorrow’s lessons and do some paperwork . Please write soon.
Love，
Jo
一封家书
亲爱的罗斯玛丽：
谢谢你的来信，这封信花了两星期才到。收到你的信真是太高兴了。我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况，因此我在信中附了几张照片，这将帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。
你问起我的中学情况。嗯，它是一所丛林学校——教室是用竹子搭起来的，屋顶是用茅草盖的。我只要沿着一条泥泞的小路步行几分钟就到学校了。当我走到学校操场的时候，迎接我的是男孩子们一片“早上好”的声音。他们中许多人要走很长的路，有时候走多达两个小时才到学校。
这儿没有电，也没有水，甚至连课本也没有！我还在努力适应这些情况。但是有一点是肯定的，我在教学中变得更富有想象力了。理科对我来说是最具有挑战性的课，因为我的学生对做实验没有概念。实际上，根本没有设备。如果需要水，我还得从家里用水桶提过来！不久前的一天，我正在给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没明白是怎么回事，这时混合剂就到处冒泡了！男孩子们以前从来没有见过这种情况，吓得都往窗外跳去。有时候我真想知道， 化学跟这些学生有多大关系。不管怎样他们中的大多数人上完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。说实在的，我很怀疑我教的课是否会让这些男孩子的生活有所改变。
你问我是否了解当地的老百姓。嗯，那实在是太难了，因为我还说不了几句当地人说的英语方言。不过，上周末我和另外一位叫珍妮的教师真的去访问了一个村庄， 那是其中一个男孩汤贝的家。这是我第一次到偏僻的村子里去。我们走了两个半小时到了那里——先爬到了一座山的山脊，在那儿我们欣赏了优美的风景， 然后下了一个陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。当我们到达村庄的时候，汤贝的母亲齐亚克本来在园子里拔草，看到我们就“嗳矣，嗳矣”地叫了起来。我们同所有的村民都握了手。每个人看上去都是汤贝家的亲戚。
汤贝的父亲叫莫卡普，他把我们带到他的家里。这是一个低矮的竹屋，屋顶上伸出一簇茅草——它表示这间竹屋是男人住的。屋子是圆的，不像学校那样是长方形的。这里没有窗户，房门只够一个人进出。小屋内很黑，因此我们的眼睛过了好一阵才适应过来。地上摆放着一堆新鲜的草，还有一个新搭的平台，是供珍妮和我睡觉用的。通常齐亚克是睡在她自己的小屋里的，而那天晚上她要同我们一起睡在平台上。莫卡普和汤贝则睡在竹屋另一边的小床上。在竹屋中间靠近房门的地方有一个火炉。我所看到的仅有的财产就是一把扫帚、几个锡盘和锡杯，还有几个罐子。
莫卡普在屋子外边生火。火着起来后，他往火里放了几块石头。 当烧热时，他把石头放在一个空油桶里，加上一些考考(红薯)、玉米和青菜，然后用香蕉叶子把这些蔬菜盖上，等着它们蒸熟。我用鼻子嗅，食物闻起来很香。我们在小屋里围着火炉坐下来吃东西。他们家里人轻声细语地用自己的语言在交谈。我喜欢听他们谈话，尽管我不能参与谈话。幸好，汤贝能给我们当翻译。
后来，我发现有一个锡罐子倒放在火炉的烤架上。过了一会儿，汤贝把它从门道里扔了出去。我不懂为什么这样做。汤贝告诉我说，罐子加热是为了把里面的残菜剩饭烧干。他们相信剩饭会在夜晚引来邪灵，所以要把食物放在罐子里烧干，再把罐子扔到屋外去。否则的话，他们是不会浪费任何东西的。
第二天早晨，经过一番紧紧握手和道别之后，我们就离开了村庄。我们爬下山回家，往回走的时候，我的腿部肌肉发痛，膝盖发抖。那天晚上我很开心，倒在床上就睡了。能与汤贝一家一起度过一天的时间真是莫大的荣幸。
天色很晚了，我还得准备明天的课，做一些文书工作。请早日来信。
爱你的，
乔
阅读理解
A
Techno Institute of Training Information for Students
Welcome to the Techno Institute of Training. Please read the following information carefully.
All texts required in our classes are available(可得到的) for sale in the Main Office, Room 105. Please see the receptionist to buy your reading materials. You must have all materials when you arrive at your first class meeting, so please plan to get them ahead of time.
If for any reason you need to withdraw from a class, please note the following policies. Tuition(学费) will be fully refunded if you withdraw from the class before the second class meeting. Withdrawals made after the second class meeting but before the third will receive a refund of 50 percent of the tuition. Refunds cannot be made after the third class meeting. To withdraw from a class, please visit the Registrar’s Office in Room 103.
Tickets to our Friday night speech series are available to all students free of charge. If you are interested in attending a speech, please get your ticket from the Student Activities Office, Room 107. Each student is allowed only one free ticket per speech. Also, visit the Student Activities Office to see a schedule of local field trips, student social hours, and other upcoming events.
The Counseling Office, Room 109 is open Monday through Thursday from 3：00 to 9：00 p．m. Assistance is available for choosing classes, making future educational plans, and searching for employment.
Changes in your class schedule may be made during the first week of the semester(学期) only. Class change forms are available in the Counseling Office. You must get the instructor’s signature to change classes.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章为学生介绍了Techno Institute of Training的一些入学须知。
1．What can we learn about the Techno Institute of Training?
A．All texts can be borrowed from the receptionist.
B．Tuition should be paid by the third class meeting.
C．Refunds cannot be made after the second class meeting.
D．All materials should be bought before the first class meeting.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的You must have all materials when you arrive at your first class meeting, so please plan to get them ahead of time.可知，在第一节课的时候，你就需要准备好所有的材料。
2．Which office should you visit if you want to get a speech ticket?
A．Room 103. B．Room 105.
C．Room 107. D．Room 109.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的If you are interested in attending a speech, please get your ticket from the Student Activities Office, Room 107.可知，如果你想去观看演讲就要去107房间拿票。
3．What should you do if you want to change your class?
A．Apply for it on the Internet.
B．Get the instructor’s signature.
C．Go to the Counseling Office on Friday.
D．Hand in your form after the first week.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段Changes in your class schedule may be made...You must get the instructor’s signature to change classes.可知，换课需要得到教师的签字。
B
Kendrick Lamar, who was born on June 17, 1987 in Compton, California, has won the 2018 Pulitzer Prize for Music. He is the first winner who is not a classical or jazz musician. Columbia University awards the music prizes each year, which are a great honor. Lamar also got $15，000.
Farah Griffin, a teacher at the school, was in the group that picked Lamar’s album(专辑) for the Pulitzer Prize.“It’s big for hip hop(嘻哈音乐). I think it’s also big for our country and for music，” she said.“But it’s big for the Pulitzer Prize, too.”
Lamar’s album is called “DAMN”， which includes words that adults may not want kids to hear. He uses rhymes to tell stories about black life. His songs are about race, social justice(正义) and problems with police. But they are also about love and hope.
Music experts love the album. Music buyers do, too. That is something new as past Pulitzer Prize winners have been loved by experts, but they have not always sold a lot of albums.
Griffin said she thought some people “wouldn’t like the idea” of giving the prize to a rapper. She thought some might be angry. But she was surprised. “I haven’t heard a lot of that，” she said.
Regina Carter was also in the group that picked the album.“If a work is great enough, you can’t deny it，” she said.
The first Pulitzer Prizes were given in 1917, and music started to be honored in 1943. Awards used to go only to writers of classical music because it is more formal and it came from Europe. The Pulitzer Prizes have not always honored African?American musicians. Some wanted to give a special prize in 1965 to Duke Ellington, who was a great jazz artist, but he did not get a Pulitzer. A prize did not go to a jazz work until 1997. There is now more popular music among the prizes. Lin?Manuel Miranda wrote the hip hop musical “Hamilton” and he won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama(戏剧) in 2016.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了在2018年获得普利策音乐奖的说唱歌手——肯德里克·拉马尔。
4．What can we learn about Lamar from the text?
A．He put out his first album in 2018.
B．He learned hip hop from Farah Griffin.
C．He is a graduate of Columbia University.
D．He has made history by winning a Pulitzer Prize.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的He is the first winner who is not a classical or jazz musician.可知，肯德里克·拉马尔是第一个荣获普利策音乐奖的说唱歌手，所以他创造了历史。
5．What is special about Lamar’s album “DAMN”？
A．It is a bad seller.
B．It is given a great honor.
C．It is unaccepted by adults.
D．It aims to tell his own stories.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，肯德里克·拉马尔的专辑“DAMN”不仅获得了专家的认可，而且在市场上非常畅销，由此可知，人们非常认可他的专辑。
6．What made Griffin surprised?
A．Other music experts’ opposition.
B．Some people being angry with rappers.
C．People’s attitude toward Lamar’s winning.
D．Regina Carter not wanting to pick “DAMN”．
C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，Griffin以为让一位说唱歌手获得普利策音乐奖会使有些人生气，但是事实并非如此，大家对他获奖一事持支持态度，这让Griffin很惊讶。
7．Why did the author mention Lin?Manuel Miranda?
A．To speak highly of hip hop musicians.
B．To introduce a world?famous popular star.
C．To show the Pulitzer Prize has changed over time.
D．To present the winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Awards used to go only to writers of classical music及There is now more popular music among the prizes...won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama(戏剧) in 2016.可知，以前的普利策音乐奖都是颁给古典乐的，而随着时代的进步，越来越多的流行音乐也获此殊荣，作者提到创作嘻哈音乐的Lin?Manuel Miranda获得普利策戏剧奖是为了说明普利策奖在随着时代的进步而变化。
C
Early childhood is the best possible time to learn a second language. Children who experience two languages from birth typically become native speakers of both. But the question remains: Is it confusing for babies to learn two languages at the same time?
My partners and I recently studied the brain processing of language sounds in 11?month?old babies from monolingual (English only) and bilingual (Spanish?English) homes. We found some key differences between babies raised in monolingual versus bilingual homes. At 11 months of age, just before most babies begin to say their first words, the brain recordings showed that: Babies from monolingual English households are specialized to process(处理) the sounds of English, and not the sounds of Spanish, an unfamiliar language. Babies from bilingual Spanish?English households are specialized to process the sounds of both languages, Spanish and English.
Our findings show that babies’ brains become sensitive to whatever language or languages they hear from their caregivers. A monolingual brain becomes sensitive to the sounds of one language, and a bilingual brain becomes sensitive to the sounds of two languages. By 11 months of age, the activity in the baby brain reflects the language or languages that they have been exposed to.
It is now understood that the constant need to shift(转移) attention between languages leads to several cognitive(认知的) advantages. Research has found that bilingual adults and children show an improved executive functioning of the brain—that is, they are able to shift attention, switch between tasks and solve problems more easily. There is evidence that being bilingual makes the learning of a third language easier. Further, the effects of two?language experience are thought to translate into protective effects against cognitive decline with aging and the attack of Alzheimer’s disease.
So, if you want your child to know more than one language, it’s best to start at an early age, before they even start speaking their first language. It won’t confuse your child, and it could even help him/her improve other forms of cognition.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。儿童时期是语言学习的最佳时期，但是同时学习两种语言会产生混淆吗？
8．What does the study on the 11?month?old babies mainly show us?
A．Babies can learn languages as early as eleven months old.
B．Babies are able to react to the sounds of different languages.
C．Babies refuse to process an unfamiliar language.
D．Babies are gifted in language learning.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的Babies from monolingual English households...an unfamiliar language.及Babies from bilingual Spanish?English households...Spanish and English.可知，研究表明，孩子能够处理他们平时经常接触到的不同语言，而对不常接触到的语言则不能够做出反应。
9．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A．Bilingual children may have better learning ability than bilingual adults.
B．Learning a new language can help cure cognitive decline.
C．Bilingual children can focus on one task for long.
D．Being bilingual can improve the cognitive ability.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的Further, the effects of two?language...and the attack of Alzheimer’s disease.可知，双语学习能够提高我们大脑的认知能力。
10．In the last paragraph, the author aims to ________．
A．give parents some advice on childcare
B．show us how to begin to learn languages
C．tell us how to improve our cognitive ability
D．give parents tips on children’s language learning
D 解析：推理判断题。本段主要为父母提出孩子语言学习的建议：如果要让孩子多学习几门语言，最好是早点开始。
11．What can best describe the structure of the passage?
A．①－②③－④－⑤
B．①－②－③－④⑤
C．①－②③④－⑤
D．①②－③④－⑤
A 解析：文章结构题。第一段主要呈现了作者所要论述的话题，第二、三段主要讲述了作者进行的研究及其结果，第四段主要讲述了双语学习的益处，最后一段作者针对语言学习提出了自己的建议。
七选五
My name is Kate and I am from Germany. When I arrived in Ghana this March, I felt at once very welcomed and the nice tropical climate made me feel good. Ghana is a beautiful country where everything is colorful and the nature is amazing. But the best part is the friendly people. 1.________ You never feel uncomfortable or lost.
The work I was doing for VPWA(Volunteer Partnerships for West Africa) was mainly writing a proposal to raise funds for the Women’s Shelter Project. At the beginning I wished to work a bit more directly with local people to get to know the Ghanaian culture even more. 2.________ This is because even if you don’t work directly with locals, you can get many other chances to make some Ghanaian friends if you are open?minded and outgoing.
3．________ Having dinner with them every evening, going out for a drink and watching movies outside the apartment were our daily pleasant routines after work.
One of the favorite parts of my trip to Ghana was the travelling. I traveled almost every weekend. This was possible because there were many volunteers when I arrived, so it was easy to find someone who also wanted to travel to the same places together with me. It is also easy to travel in Ghana alone. And you really should travel. 4.________
My stay with VPWA was really an unforgettable experience. 5.________ And among many other things I will miss is the music played everywhere. Besides, I will never forget the food, especially Red Red (a bean dish) with fried plantains(大蕉)．
A．So I just jumped in and did it.
B．I enjoyed every minute I spent there.
C．Everyone is so helpful and welcoming.
D．Be prepared that you might feel sick at times.
E．But in the end I was quite satisfied with my work.
F．This is a piece of advice I can give future volunteers.
G．Living with all the other volunteers was really relaxed.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了来自德国的一位女士在非洲加纳当志愿者的经历及感悟。
1．C 解析：此空设于段中，与前一句存在解释关系，说明加纳人非常友好，每个人都乐于助人、热情。
2．E 解析：此空设于段中，与前一句存在转折关系。虽然作者起初想与当地人一起工作，但最终作者对自己的工作感到满意。
3．G 解析：此空设于段首，与下文之间存在逻辑上的指代关系，下文的them指代该句中的all the other volunteers。本段主要是说明作者和其他志愿者的一些娱乐活动。
4．F 解析：此空设于段尾，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系，该句中的This指代前一句的you really should travel, 说明这是作者给未来的志愿者的建议。
5．B 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。说明作者在加纳的每一分钟都很高兴。
PAGE
1
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
(be) dying to 极想；渴望
(教材P29)I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here, so I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.
我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况，因此我在信中附了几张照片，这将帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。
(1)be dying for sth. 渴望得到某物
①I heard you are dying for some advice on how to make friends.
我听说你正渴望得到一些如何交友的建议。
②They are dying to stay in the seaside hotel which can provide comfortable accommodation.
他们极想住在那家能提供舒适住宿的海滨旅馆里。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①After walking in the desert for such a long time, he was dying for a good rest.
②Mike is eager to stay(stay) away from the busy city life for a while.
[能力提升]——一句多译
首先，作为一名渴望学习知识的学生，你在学习中有必要形成一种有效的学习方法。(die)
③Firstly, as a student who is dying to learn knowledge, it is necessary to build an effective method in your study.
④Firstly, as a student who is dying for knowledge, it is necessary to build an effective method in your study.
the other day 不久前的一天
(教材P29)The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!
不久前的一天，我正在给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没明白是怎么回事，这时混合剂就到处冒泡了！
the other day 不久前的一天；常用于一般过去时
one day 某一天，既可指过去的某一天，又可指将来的某一天
some day 将来的某一天，常用于一般将来时
①The other day she witnessed an awful accident, which almost scared her to death.
前几天，她目睹了一起可怕的事故，几乎要把她吓死。
②One day I met him in the street and he told me that he would come to see me some day.
有一天我在街上遇到了他，他告诉我，某一天他会来看我。
[能力提升]——微写作
前几天我收到笔友的来信，我渴望有一天能面对面地与她聊天。
The other day, I have heard from my pen friend. I am dying to have a face－to－face talk with her some day．
relevant adj.有关的；切题的
(经典例句)What’s more, I have gained experience relevant to the position.
另外，我获得了与这个职位相关的经验。
(1)be relevant to... 和……有关
(2)relevantly adv. 有关地；切题地
①(全国卷Ⅰ)You can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative.
只要它是有趣的和提供有用信息的，你可以写任何相关的东西。
②I don’t think what you said is relevant to the topic we are discussing.
我认为你说的话与我们正在讨论的话题无关。
[能力提升]——微写作
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)因此，我相信我可以为游客提供最好的服务，如果需要的话，我可以提供指导和解释中国画的相关信息。
Therefore, I believe I can provide the best service for the visitors, offering guidance and explaining the relevant information about Chinese painting if needed.
表示“与……相关/有关”的表达小结：
①be related to ②have sth.to do with
③be associated with ④be connected with
adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合
(教材P30)The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.
小屋内很黑，因此我们的眼睛过了好一阵才适应过来。
(1)adjust...to... 调整……以适应
adjust/adapt to sth./doing sth.
适应于某事/做某事
adjust oneself to... 使自己适应于……
(2)adjustment n． 调整；调节；适应
make an adjustment 做出调整
①When studying abroad, she must learn to adjust herself to English life.
出国留学时，她必须学会适应英国的生活。
②I really hope you can adjust your emotion and can be happy every day.
我确实希望你能调整情绪，每天都能开心快乐。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①My camera can be adjusted(adjust) to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.
②We have made an adjustment(adjust) to our price and give you a special discount of 3 percent.
participate vi.参与；参加
(教材P30)I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate in the conversation.
他们家人轻声细语地用自己的语言在交谈。我喜欢听他们谈话，尽管我不能参与谈话。
(1)participate in sth./doing sth. 参加某事/做某事
(2)participant n. 参加者；共享者
participation n． 参加；分担；共享
①In addition, it does benefit you if you participate in a variety of after－class activities.
此外，参加各种课外活动对你确实有益处。
②(江苏卷)Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation rules for people to obey.
如果我们制定出人们遵守的参赛准则，事情就会变好的。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(天津卷)As scheduled, we participated in several instructive activities.
②The participants(participate) are required to perform English programmes in ten minutes.
③(2019·武汉武昌区元月调研)Having participated(participate)in several similar activities before, I know well how to handle emergencies.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)I am going to join in the English speech contest to be held in July this year.
(高级表达)I am going to participate in the English speech contest to be held in July this year.
dry out (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
(经典例句)We had to wait patiently for our wet clothes to dry out in the sun.
我们不得不耐心地等待着我们的湿衣服在太阳下干透。
dry out 强调浸水等物的完全变干、干透
dry up 强调河流、井等干涸；使干枯；供应等枯竭
①Hot sun and cold winds can soon dry out your skin.
火辣辣的太阳和寒风可使你的皮肤很快变干。
②As is often the case, the rivers in this area dry up in this season.
在这个季节，这个地区的河流会干涸，这是常有的事。
[即学即练]——dry up与dry out对比填空
①According to the village, it won’t be long before the river dries__up in the season.
②Water the ground regularly to prevent it from drying out．
otherwise conj.否则；不然
adv.用别的方法；其他方面
(教材P30)Otherwise they don’t waste anything.
否则的话，他们是不会浪费任何东西的。
otherwise/or 有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子要用虚拟语气。
①(2019·天津卷)The workers were not better organized，otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time.
工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务。
②Work hard，otherwise，you would find it hard to adapt to life in the future.
努力工作，否则，你们会发现很难适应将来的生活。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
(2019·江苏卷)What a pity！You missed the sightseeing, or we would have had(have) a good time together.
privilege n．特权；特别优待
(教材P30)It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.
能与汤贝一家一起度过一天的时间真是莫大的荣幸。
(1)It is a privilege to do sth. 有幸做某事
have the privilege to do/of doing sth.
＝have the right to do sth. 有做某事的特权
(2)privileged adj. 享有特权的；
荣幸的；幸运的
①Education should not be a privilege in the modern society for everyone has the right to do so.
在现代社会中，不应该把教育看成一种特权，因为每一个人都有权利接受教育。
②Ladies and gentlemen, I have the great privilege of delivering a speech tonight.
女士们、先生们，我很荣幸今晚发表演讲。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We consider ourselves privileged(privilege) to have been invited to give a speech here.
②Actually, we all feel it a privilege to donate some money to the people who are suffering from cold and hunger.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(天津卷)在这儿与来自英国的朋友共度此刻是我莫大的荣幸。
It’s my great privilege to be here, sharing this moment with our friends from the Great Britain.
be doing sth.when... 正在做某事，这时……
(教材P29)The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!
不久前的一天，我正在给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没明白是怎么回事，这时混合剂就到处冒泡了！
when是并列连词，连接两个并列分句，相当于and then或and just at that time。
be doing sth.when... 正在做某事，这时……
be about to do...when... 正要……，这时(突然)……
be on the point of doing...when...
正要……，这时(突然)……
had (just) done...when... 刚刚做完……，这时
(突然)……
①The boy was playing football when his mobile phone rang. 男孩儿正在踢足球，这时他的手机响了。
②We were about to leave when a big noise came from the next room.
我们正准备离开，这时隔壁房间发出了巨大的响声。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I was reading(read)when I heard the fire alarm and everyone ran out of the houses.
②He had just got out of the station when he saw his parents were waiting for him there.
from where引导定语从句
(教材P29)We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
我们走了两个半小时到了那里——先爬到了一座山的山脊，在那儿我们欣赏了优美的风景，然后下了一个陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。
在“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句中，关系词常为which和whom，关系副词where和when之前一般不加介词，比较特殊的有from where和since when。
①They climbed to the top of the tower, from where they could see what was happening in the distance.
他们爬上了塔顶，从那里他们能看到远处正在发生的事情。
②The book was written in 1946, since when the education system witnessed great changes.
这本书写于1946年，从那时起，教育体系发生了巨大的变化。
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)Alice stood at the window, and from there she could see her classmates playing football.
(高级表达)Alice stood at the window, from where she could see her classmates playing football. (定语从句)
品句填词
1．It took Mary only a fortnight(两星期) to adjust to the life in this new school.
2．My friend offered accommodation to me. Otherwise(否则) I would have lived in the hotel.
3．(2019·河北正定中学高二下期中)Our members have the privilege(特权) of using the lending service of the library.
4．We go to the remote(遥远的) village along the narrow road annually to give assistance to the kids there.
5．Mr. Smith tried to adjust(调节) his schedule to set aside some time for his son’s graduation ceremony.
6．I felt upset that the evidence I had tried to find was not relevant(有关的) to this case.
7．Some of us participate(参加) in our school sports meeting every year, which is worth praising.
8．The roofs(房顶) of the houses have been repaired by the workers since June.
9．Hearing the yell of the hunter, the bear fled along the muddy(泥泞的) path.
10．The weekly(每周的) meeting usually lasts about two hours, which makes us annoyed.
单句改错
1．Being abroad for so many years, I always look forward to hear from my family.
hear→hearing
2．I still remember the man whom taught me to play the violin when I was a boy.
whom→who/that
3．After supper, he usually stood near the window, where he could see the tower, the tallest building in this city.
在where前加from
4．While removed the weeds in the garden the other day, I came across the rare plant.
removed→removing
5．I do invite Mr. Green to the party that day, but he forgot it completely.
do→did
完成句子
1．孩子们很崇拜那位体育明星，渴望见到他。
The children adore the sports star very much and are__dying__to__see him.
2．乔治正在给学生们解释一个物理概念，突然有个学生举起了手。
George was__explaining a concept of physics to his students when a student raised his hand.
3．随着技术的快速发展，我们必须努力学习以赶上时代的步伐。
With technology developing quickly, we must study hard to keep pace with the times.
4．十分荣幸能与来自美国的史密斯夫妇一起游览故宫。
It__was__a__privilege__to__visit the Forbidden City with the Smiths from America.
5．恐怕我没有机会参加即将举行的比赛了。
I’m afraid I will have no chance to participate__in__the__coming__contest．
6．老实说，我花了一个多月的时间去适应这种不同的文化。
To be honest, it took me more than a month to adjust__to__the__different__culture．
课文语法填空
Jo, a volunteer teacher, is now teaching in a high school in Papua New Guinea.
The working and living conditions are very terrible, but she has to try to adapt 1.to them. Jo goes to school down a 2.muddy(mud) track. Besides, she has to carry water by 3.herself(she) from her house if she needs it at school. The school is a bush school 4.where the classrooms are made of bamboo and the roofs of grass. There is no electricity, water 5.or equipment and even no textbooks either! Science is the most challenging subject as her students have no concept of doing experiments. Sometimes, Jo wonders how relevant chemistry is to these students, because most of them will return to their villages after Year 8. Jo doubts whether she’s making any 6.difference(different) to their lives.
One day, Jo and Jenny visited Tombe’s home in a remote village. They spent two and a half hours 7.getting(get) there. Tombe’s family and other villagers welcomed them 8.warmly(warm). Tombe’s family only had a few 9.possessions(possess). They provided Jo and Jenny with delicious food. The next morning, they left the village after many goodbyes and firm handshakes. Jo thought that it was a privilege 10.to__have__spent(spend) a day with Tombe’s family.
单句语法填空
1．The rain makes the road very muddy(mud), so you must be careful while driving.
2．The roofs(roof) of the houses were destroyed by the hurricane and are being repaired now.
3．At the weekly(week) meeting this morning, Bob came up with a good idea to solve the problem.
4．Our headteacher is informing us of some arrangements(arrange) for the sports meeting to be held next weekend.
5．I was reflecting on what I should do next when the noise of an explosion almost scared me to death.
6．The drunk driver fled from the scene with his car abandoned(abandon)．
7．We thought it a privilege to have been invited to such a wedding party，where all guests drank a toast for the bride and bridegroom.
8．He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.
9．He is dying(die) to know the result of the examination and even can’t eat or sleep well for that.
10．The training equips the students with a full understanding of first aid, which can make a real difference(different)．
阅读理解
Ecuador is beautiful in its landscapes, people and culture.The diversity of life in the hills at the equator is something you must experience to appreciate.The perfect weather was a nice bonus, and most days settle at a comfortable but not too hot temperature.The cities are worth seeing, but sometimes not quite safe for tourists lacking proper precautions(预防措施)．I was luckily never robbed, but it was prevalent among people I ran into. So protect your valuables!
From the city, La Hesperia is about a three?hour bus ride across the amazing Andean countryside and a one?hour hike up from the road.It is far from civilization, but the reception is still not too bad.The reserve is altogether a protected area, a mostly self?sustaining farm, a local school, and a great learning experience for international conservationists like you or me.The volunteer house was very comfortable and open, with views of pure nature that I still miss.After a hard working day and a cold shower, I would always be overwhelmed by the sounds of the forest at night.
During the day, my tasks over the course of a month ranged from tree planting to trail maintenance(维护) and basic farm work including planting/harvesting crops, weeding, and working with animals.Regardless of the job, a machete(大刀) was the only tool I needed！At one point, I had to take the daily milk down the mountain with the most stubborn donkey ever.
Of course, there’s plenty of time for fun and meeting people.The reserve itself is full of things to do.Still, weekends are better spent exploring more of the country, which, to me, is quite different from my homeland.You can get recommendations from other volunteers and locals.All are great experiences I still tell stories about.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在厄瓜多尔的一处自然保护区做志愿者的经历。
1．What does the underlined word “prevalent” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Very traditional.
B．Very common.
C．Very practical.
D．Very strange.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据前文中的I was luckily never robbed以及转折连词but可知，我遇到的人中，遭遇过抢劫的是很普遍的。
2．What can we learn about La Hesperia?
A．It’s modernized.
B．It’s near the city.
C．It’s a natural reserve.
D．It’s very cold at night.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的The reserve...conservationists及居住的环境views of pure nature可知，这个地方应该是个自然保护区。
3．What is the author’s daytime work like?
A．Single and boring.
B．Simple and relaxing.
C．Varied and challenging.
D．Dangerous and complicated.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的tree planting to trail maintenance(维护) and basic farm work和take the daily milk可知任务繁多，由a machete(大刀) was the only tool I needed和with the most stubborn donkey ever可知，这些任务具有挑战性。
4．What did the author most probably prefer to do on weekends?
A．Go sightseeing.
B．Stay in the house.
C．Tell stories to locals.
D．Go back to homeland.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的Still, weekends are better spent exploring more of the country可知，作者周末更愿意游览一下厄瓜多尔。
完形填空
Six?year?old Braylon Henson used to spend many of his recess(课间休息) alone. The first?grader from Alabama has a form of a(n) __1__ called ectodermal dysplasia and was born without sweat glands(汗腺). He often runs the risk of overheating. So when his __2__ are outside playing, Braylon often has to stay __3__ .
But __4__ a new friend, Braylon doesn’t spend recess alone anymore. He formed an unlikely __5__ with School Resource Officer Ronald Saladin.“I __6__ other kids were out there playing __7__ he was in here by himself，” Ronald said, “I let him come to walk with me because he felt __8__.”
Braylon loved patrolling(巡视) the halls with Ronald during recess. Ronald found a new __9__， who takes his job very seriously. This officer even bought the boy his own police uniform, so he could __10__ the part during their daily walks around the school. He is only in first grade, so he __11__ to be a funny policeman in his uniform. Then he quickly __12__ a kind of school landscape.
“It was __13__ for me to have a new buddy to patrol with. He was __14__， and I didn’t want him to feel that. His mom was __15__ he was going to get picked on and be __16__ when he came to school，” Ronald said.
Braylon’s teachers said, “We’ve found a __17__ boost in a 6?year?old boy, and his grades have __18__ since he put on that police uniform. __19__， like any normal kid, he needs to be __20__ and have friends. We think we should pay more attention to the child in the future.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。一年级学生Braylon Henson因身体疾病无法参加课余活动，一位校园警察见状便在巡视时带上他，与他建立了友谊，并提升了他的自信心。
1．A.disease B．course
C．accident D．dream
A 解析：根据后文without sweat glands(汗腺)这个事实可以推测，这个小男孩得了一种“疾病”。
2．A.teachers B．classmates
C．parents D．doctors
B 解析：因为是在学校，所以在教室外玩的应该是小男孩的“同学”。
3．A.upstairs B．outside
C．abroad D．indoors
D 解析：根据语境可知，小男孩由于身体的原因，当同学们都在外面玩耍的时候，他却只能待在“室内”。
4．A.according to B．apart from
C．thanks to D．regardless of
C 解析：根据下文内容可知，前后为因果关系，Braylon在课余时间不再感到孤单，是“由于”他有了一位新朋友。
5．A.power B．friendship
C．structure D．picture
B 解析：根据前文a new friend可知，小男孩与他学校的警察Ronald Saladin成了朋友，他们之间建立了“友谊”。
6．A.suggested B．believed
C．warned D．noticed
D 解析：根据后文的内容可推测，Ronald是“发现”小男孩独自一个人的情况下才帮助这个孩子的。
7．A.and B．so
C．while D．though
C 解析：Ronald发现别的孩子都在外面玩，而Braylon却一个人待在那儿。表示对比相反的情况，故选while。
8．A.relied on B．given up
C．taken up D．left out
D 解析：因为这个孩子觉得自己被“冷落”了。feel left out意为“觉得被忽视、冷落”。
9．A.partner B．player
C．coach D．leader
A 解析：根据语境可知，小男孩喜欢跟着Ronald一起在走廊巡视，他成了Ronald的新“伙伴”。
10．A.look B．change
C．match D．bear
A 解析：为了让这个孩子更像那么一回事，Ronald给小男孩买了一套警察的制服。look符合语境。
11．A.decides B．appears
C．hopes D．forces
B 解析：由于Braylon还是一个一年级的孩子，于是他穿上警服的样子看起来很滑稽。appears符合语境。
12．A.becomes B．improves
C．accepts D．declares
A 解析：很快这个小男孩就“成为”了学校里的一道风景线。
13．A.important B．difficult
C．happy D．strange
C 解析：Ronald说能有一个新伙伴和他一起巡视校园是件很“开心”的事。
14．A.ashamed B．frightened
C．satisfied D．lonely
D 解析：根据语境可知，小男孩之前感到很“孤单”。
15．A.worried B．surprised
C．sad D．glad
A 解析：由于小男孩的特殊情况，他的妈妈“担心”他在学校里的处境。
16．A.disturbed B．cheated
C．teased D．convinced
C 解析：根据前文get picked on可知，他的妈妈害怕他在学校被捉弄、被“取笑”。
17．A.limit B．confidence
C．peace D．fortune
B 解析：Braylon的老师说他们在这个六岁小男孩的身上看到了“自信”的提升。
18．A.flashed B．dropped
C．risen D．rated
C 解析：并且他的学习成绩也“提高”了。
19．A.Gradually B．Unexpectedly
C．Actually D．Recently
C 解析：老师还认为，“事实上”他就像任何一个正常的孩子一样。
20．A.forgave B．honored
C．judged D．valued
D 解析：他需要被重视，也需要朋友。valued符合语境。
短文改错
Last week, Professor Li, which is a famous expert on earthquakes, gives us a speech on how to save ourselves during an earthquake.
First, he impressed us with importance of learning earthquake safe tips.He proved that a little knowledge and a few necessary measure can increase our chances of surviving an earthquake or any other type of dangers.Then he showed us how to do, especial during an earthquake.If we are indoors, we should hide us in a place such as under a strong desk or table.If outdoors, we should move to an open area where fallen objects are unlikely to strike us.
I think the speech was very useful as we need to know that how to protect ourselves during an earthquake.
答案：
Last week, Professor Li, is a famous expert on earthquakes, us a speech on how to save ourselves during an earthquake.
First, he impressed us with importance of learning earthquake tips.He proved that a little knowledge and a few necessary can increase our chances of surviving an earthquake or any other type of dangers.Then he showed us to do, during an earthquake.If we are indoors, we should hide in a place such as under a strong desk or table.If outdoors, we should move to an open area where objects are unlikely to strike us.
I think the speech was very useful as we need to know how to protect ourselves during an earthquake.
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Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.astronaut n． 宇航员；太空人
2.purchase vt.& n. 买；购买
3.anniversary n. 周年纪念(日)
4.seed n． 种子；萌芽
5.click vi.& vt. (使)发出咔嗒声
n. 咔嗒声
6.donate vt.捐赠→donation n．捐献；捐赠→donor n．捐献者；赠送人
拓展词汇
7.voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的→volunteer n．志愿者 v．自愿(做某事)；自告奋勇；自愿效劳
8.political adj.政治的；政党的→politics n．政治→politician n．政治家
9.distribute vt.分配；分发→distribution n．分配；分发；分布状态
10.security n．安全；保护；保障→secure adj.安全的；稳固的；可靠的 v．保护；取得
11.operate vi.工作；运转 vt.操作→operation n．操作；手术
阅读词汇
12.toast vt. 烤(面包等)；敬酒
n. 烤面包(片)；吐司面包；干杯
13.comb n. 梳子
vi. 梳(发)
14.angle n. 角；角度
15.catalogue n． 目录
16.loan n． 贷款
17.trunk n． 树干；躯干；大衣箱
18.clinic n. 门诊部；小诊所
重点短语
1.fall__in__love__with 爱上
2.come__to__an__end 结束
3.have____knowledge__of__sb./sth. 了解某人/某物
4.do__some__research__on 研究……
5.bring__hope__to 为……带来希望
6.in__need 在困难中；在危急中
7.go__hungry 挨饿
8.provide__for__oneself 自给自足
9.in__number 数目上；总共
10.adapt__to 适应
重点句型
1.what if...要是……怎么办：She was dying to see him again but what__if__he__didn’t__want__to__see__her(如果他不想见她怎么办) ？
2.not...but...不是……而是……：The gift you give is not__something__your__loved__one__keeps__but(不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是) a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
3.be＋adj.＋to do sth.：They are__easy__and__fun(既轻松又有趣) for children to__care__for(照看).
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Where is the passage from?
A．A newspaper. B．A magazine.
C．A textbook. D．A website.
2．What is the aim of the passage?
A．To sell the goods of the poor people.
B．To help people to pick out a better gift.
C．To expect more people to raise money to help the poor people.
D．To encourage people to buy things for the poor people.
3．The gifts are listed in order of ________．
A．the first letter B．the prices
C．kinds D．usage
答案：1－3.DDB
①catalogue['k?t?l?ɡ]n.目录
②donate[d??'neIt]vt.捐赠
donate...to...把……捐赠给……
③voluntary['v?l?ntrI]adj.
自愿的；志愿的；无偿的
④contribution n．[C]捐助，
捐款；贡献
make contributions/a
contribution to/towards...
对……做贡献
⑤community n．社区；团体
⑥in need 在困难中；在危急中
in need of需要
⑦purchase['p??t??s]vt.& n. 买；购买
⑧item n．一项，一款；条款
⑨attractive adj.吸引人的，
有吸引力的
⑩occasion n．时刻；场合
?anniversary[??nI'v??s?rI]n.周年纪念(日)
?seedling['si?dlI?]n.秧苗；树苗
?self?help 自助的
self?help group 自助小组
?vaccination[?v?ksI'neI?n]n.接种疫苗
?loan[l??n]n.贷款
?sew[s??]vi.(用针线)
缝 vt.缝制；缝合
sewing machine 缝纫机
?nutritional adj.有营养的
?supplement['s?plIm?nt]
n．增补的事物；补充；附录；增刊
nutritional supplements
营养补品
?ox[?ks]n.(pl.oxen['?ksn]) 公牛
?plough[pla?]vi.犁(地)；
耕(地)
oxen for ploughing 耕牛
trunk[tr??k]n.树干；躯干；大衣箱
trunk library 箱式(柜式)
图书馆
assistance n．援助，帮助，补助
families headed by children 遗孤家庭
tractor['tr?kt?]n.拖拉机；牵引机
Kenya['kenj?]n.肯尼亚(非洲国家)
Bangladesh[?b??ɡl?'de?]n.孟加拉国(亚洲国家)
seed[si?d]n.种子；萌芽
agricultural adj.有关农业的
industrial adj.工业的
produce n．产品，农产品
THE WORLD’S MOST USEFUL GIFT CATALOGUE①
Would you like to donate② an unusual gift? Then this is the catalogue for you.The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary③ contribution④ towards the lives of people who really need it.
◆The gift you...it.中，you give...是定语从句，修饰The gift, your loved...是定语从句，修饰something, 且who really...也是定语从句，修饰people。
Choose from this catalogue a really useful gift for some of the world’s poorest and bring hope for a better future to a community⑤ in need⑥.
When you purchase⑦ an item⑧， we will send you an attractive⑨ card for you to send to your special person. You can use the cards for any special occasion⑩—weddings, births, birthdays, Christmas or anniversaries?， etc.
Gifts Cost(AUD)
A 20 tree seedlings? $5
B A loan to set up women’s self?help?group $8
C Water supply for one person $10
D Training in vegetable gardening $15
E Child vaccinations?against 6 killer diseases $20
F School books $20
G Basic adult education $25
H Basic health?care services $30
I One year of primary schooling $35
J A goat for a poor family $40
K A family toilet $50
L Water for a family $65
M A loan? to set up a small business $85
N A sewing? machine $100
O Family nutritional? supplements? $130
P Oxen? for ploughing? $180
Q A trunkB21 library $200
R AssistanceB22 for families headed by childrenB23$300
S A community primary school $500
T Village tractorB24 $1，000
U A well and water pump $1，350
To________
To let you know that I am thinking of you, I have purchased a gift from the World’s Most Useful Gift Catalogue for you to give to some of the world’s poorest.
This gift will train a whole village of around 40 families in India, KenyaB25, or BangladeshB26 in new agricultural methods, and provide seedsB27 and simple agriculturalB28 equipment. Just 20% more produceB29 will mean the difference between sickness and health, between families going hungry and families providing for themselves．
◆going hungry, providing for themselves作后置定语，修饰名词families。
From________
世界上最有用的礼物清单
你是否想要捐赠一份特殊的礼物？那么下面这份礼单供你参考。你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的， 而是给那些确实有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。
从这份清单中选择一份确实有用的礼物，送给世界上一些最穷苦的人吧。给需要帮助的社区带去改善未来的希望吧。
当你选购一份礼物时，我们将会给你提供一张精美的卡片，让你送给你的某个特殊的人。这种卡片可以用在任何一种特殊的场合——结婚、出生、生日、圣诞节或周年纪念等。
礼物 价值(澳元)
A 20株树苗 5
B 组建妇女自助会的贷款 8
C 一个人的用水 10
D 蔬菜园艺培训 15
E 预防六种儿童致命疾病
的疫苗 20
F 学校用书 20
G 成人基础教育 25
H 基本保健服务 30
I 小学一年的学费 35
J 资助困难户一头羊 40
K 家用厕具 50
L 一个家庭的用水 65
M 建一家小型企业的贷款 85
N 一台缝纫机 100
O 家用营养补品 130
P 耕牛 180
Q 箱式图书馆 200
R 对遗孤家庭的扶助金 300
S 社区小学经费 500
T 村庄拖拉机 1 000
U 水井和水泵 1 350
致________
为了让你知道我在想着你，特从“世界上最有用的礼物清单”中购得一份礼物，请你转送给世界上一些最穷苦的人。
这份礼物送给印度、肯尼亚或孟加拉国一整个约40户的村庄，对他们进行新的农业生产方法的培训，并提供种子和简单的农业机械。仅仅提高20%的产量就意味着会对人的患病与健康、家庭饥饿与自足产生影响。
来自________
donate vt.捐赠；赠送
(教材P34)Would you like to donate an unusual gift?
你是否想要捐赠一份特殊的礼物？
(1)donate...to... 把……捐赠给……
(2)donation n． 捐献；捐赠；捐款；捐赠物
make a donation to... 向……捐赠
(3)donator n． 捐赠者
①Luckily, many people and organizations donate a lot of money to help them receive college education smoothly.
幸运的是，许多人和组织捐了一大笔钱帮助他们顺利地接受大学教育。
②The businessman made a donation of large amounts of money to my school.
那个商人给我校捐了很多钱。
[能力提升]——句式升级
这位老人为学校捐赠了很多钱，让学生们重返教室。
①(普通表达)The old man donated__a__lot__of__money__to the school.It enables the students to return to their classroom.
②(高级表达)The__old__man__donated__a__lot__of__money__to__the__school,__enabling__the__students__to__return__to__their__classroom.(分词作状语)
voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的
(经典例句)In his spare time, he usually does some voluntary work to help others.
在业余时间，他常常做一些志愿工作帮助他人。
volunteer n． 志愿者
v． 自愿(做某事)；自告奋勇；自愿效劳
volunteer as... 自愿充当……
volunteer for... 自愿承担……
①As far as I know, she is a voluntary worker at the hospital.
就我所知，她是这家医院的一名志愿者。
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I would like to volunteer to help visitors, introduce Chinese paintings, spread Chinese culture, and strengthen world cultural exchanges.
我想志愿帮助游客，介绍中国画，传播中国文化并加强世界文化交流。
[能力提升]——微写作
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)我想为展览做一些志愿工作。所以我写这封信要求成为一名志愿者。
I would like to do__some__voluntary__work for the exhibition. So I am writing this letter asking__to__be__a__volunteer．
in need 在困难中；在危急中
(经典例句)It is a virtue and tradition for us Chinese people to help those in need.
帮助需要帮助的人是我们中国人的传统和美德。
in need of 需要
satisfy/meet one’s needs 满足某人的需要
There is no need for sb.to do sth. 某人没有必要做某事。
①As the old saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
常言道，患难见真情。
②The doctor told me I was in need of a good rest.
医生对我说，我需要好好休息。
[能力提升]——微写作
①我认为我们每个人都应该尽最大努力帮助那些需要帮助的人。
I think that every one of us should try our best to help__those__in__need．
②生活中我们可能遇到许多的失败，但只要我们尽了力，就没有必要为失败而后悔。
In our life we may meet many failures. As long as we try our best, there__is__no__need__to__feel__regret for these failures.
distribute vt.分配；分发
(经典例句)Thousands of soldiers are working to distribute food and blankets to the homeless people.
数以千计的士兵正在给无家可归的人分发食物和毯子。
(1)distribute...to... 把……分发给……
distribute...among... 把……分配给……；
在……中分发……
(2)distribution n． 分配；分发；分布状态
①The teacher distributed the textbooks to the class.
老师把课本分发给了全班学生。
②They could not agree with each other about the distribution of the profits.
他们对于利润的分配意见不一致。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The unfair distribution(distribute) of wealth has become a serious problem and the government has decided to take action to make it fairer.
②He distributed(distribute) the books donated by kind－hearted people to the homeless children.
operate vi.工作；运转；动手术；起作用
vt.操作；经营
[一词多义]——写出下列句中operate的含义
①People were trapped between floors because the lift didn’t operate properly.运转
②For most people, it’s almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet.操作
③If the doctor had operated on him earlier, he wouldn’t have died.动手术
④The medicine will operate in ten minutes.起作用
(1)operate on/upon sb. 给某人动手术
(2)operation n． 运转；操作；手术
put...into operation 实施/实行……；使生效；使运转 Ｋ
[能力提升]——词汇升级
⑤The people running these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.
→The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.
not ... but ... 不是……而是……
(教材P34)The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。
(1)not...but...连接两个平行成分，当连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数按“就近一致”原则确定。
(2)连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数按“就近一致”原则确定的结构有以下几种：
not only...but (also)
either...or...
neither...nor...
①It is not who you are but what you have done for the society that matters.
重要的不是你是谁而是你为这个社会做了什么。
②Not the students but the teacher is hoping to go there.
不是学生而是老师希望去那儿。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(江苏卷)To be honest, voters sometimes feel annoyed, not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.
②Not how much money you will give us but that you are present at the ceremony really matters(matter)．
[能力提升]——微写作
③对于环境保护，不是我们说了什么，而是我们做了什么是重要的。
As for the environmental protection, it is not__what__we__say__but__what__we__do__that makes a difference.
品句填词
1．Two lawyers have donated(捐赠)$50，000 to sponsor our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”．
2．The other day we purchased(买) some valuable jewels, which cost us 20，000 yuan.
3．Peter is determined to become a(n) astronaut(宇航员) one day.
4．Don’t let the information out, or it will become a threat to national security(安全)．
5．If you keep the machine operating(运转) day and night, it will break down soon.
6．Susan has successfully organized some voluntary(自愿的) activities since she joined the group.
7．Jack bought his wife a big diamond ring on their tenth wedding anniversary(周年纪念日)．
8．Bring your baby to the clinic(诊所) and we’ll take a look at her.
9．If you plant a seed(种子) in suitable soil, it will grow into a new plant.
10．After the snowstorm, a great number of volunteers were busy distributing(分配) food and water to the victims in the town.
选词填空
make a difference; dry out; up to; the other day; lead to; hear from; dry up; come across
1．As is often the case, the river in this area dries__up in the summer every year.
2．I felt very excited when I heard__from Tom again after ten years.
3．She came__across some old pictures in a drawer when cleaning the house.
4．Drought and famine have killed up__to two thousand people in this area this year.
5．It has been proved that eating too much junk food can lead__to health problems.
6．Avoid soaps since they do tend to dry__out skin.
7．Parents’ words of encouragement make__a__difference to their children’s growth.
8．The__other__day,__I was informed that some exchange students would come to our university to take part in the Art Festival.
完成句子
1．李教授正在做演讲，这时一个年轻人进来打断了他。
Professor Li was__making__a__speech__when a young man came in and interrupted him.
2．她似乎在等待某人的信息，时不时看看手机。
She seems__to__be__waiting__for someone’s message, looking at her cellphone now and then.
3．他坐在窗户旁，盯着餐厅外面的那棵圣诞树。
He sat by the window, with__his__eyes__staring__at the Christmas tree outside the restaurant.
4．根据调查，不是他而是你应对这起事故负责。
According to the investigation, not__he__but__you__have__to__be__responsible__for the accident.
5．总之，我们应该向处于困难中的人们提供帮助和关爱。
In a word, we should offer__our__help__and__love__to__the__persons__in__need．
课文语法填空
If you would like to donate 1.an unusual gift, this is the catalogue for you. The gift you give is a 2.voluntary(volunteer) contribution towards the lives of people 3.who/that really need it. You can choose from this catalogue a really useful gift for some of the world’s poorest and bring hope for a 4.better(good) future to a community 5.in need. When you buy an item, we will send you an attractive card for you to send to your special person. You can use the cards for any special occasion—weddings, births, birthdays, Christmas or 6.anniversaries(anniversary), etc. The card is like this：
“7.To__let(let) you know that I am thinking of you, I 8.have__purchased(purchase) a gift from the World’s Most Useful Gift Catalogue for you to give to some of the world’s poorest.”
“This gift will train a whole village of about 40 families in India, Kenya, or Bangladesh in new agricultural methods, and provide seeds and simple agricultural equipment. Just 20% more produce will mean the difference between sickness and health, between families 9.going(go) hungry and families providing for 10.themselves(them)．”
单句语法填空
1．The meeting held the day before yesterday discussed the fair distribution(distribute) of income and wealth.
2．The World Bank president says the most important issue is to act quickly in order to cut economic(economy) losses.
3．Mrs. Green had just finished her housework when her son Tony got home yesterday.
4．A live program on TV is calling on people to__donate(donate) money or some other things to the people who have suffered from the flood.
5．The application WeChat provides a networking platform where communication is faster and easier.
6．Jack is highly spoken of because he is always willing to help people in need.
7．Between the two generations, it is often not their age, but their education that causes misunderstanding.
8．He didn’t selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a generous contribution(contribute) to help the community.
9．With all the necessities purchased(purchase), Mrs. Clark drove home directly.
10．They set off for the destination too late; otherwise they wouldn’t have__been__stuck(stick) in the storm.
阅读理解
A
Samantha “Sammi” Janower
Samantha “Sammi” Janower, now 18 years old, was told 15 years ago that she had cancer. Chemotherapy(化疗) is the only option, so Sammi underwent(经历) 15 months of chemo at the age of three. Today, her dad says the cancer survivor is determined to help other kids avoid having to go through what she has gone through. To that end, in 2017 her team of cyclists, Team Samantha, raised more than $327，000 for the hospital that saved her life by riding 192 miles in the Pan?Mass Challenge (PMC), a bike?a?thon across their home state of Massachusetts. One hundred percent of every dollar raised goes directly to the doctors and research that work on cancers like hers.
Annika Viswesh
Eighth?grade student Annika Viswesh, who attends the Stratford School in Sunnyvale, California, became legally blind when she was just one year old due to a condition known as amblyopia(弱视). Various methods have helped to improve her sight over the years, but more than anything it was that very experience that pushed her to search for better ways to treat and manage the condition, which affects about 12 million children worldwide. So, she created the Oculus Patch Assistant which helps to simplify and improve the effectiveness of amblyopia treatment. She is now working with doctors at the Palo Alto Medical Foundation to conduct field testing.
Jahkil Jackson
Jahkil Jackson, 9, of Chicago, founded Project I Am to help the homeless in his hometown. Within the last year, he’s collected and handed out more than 3，000 “Blessings(祝福) Bags” filled with toiletry things, socks, and food. A frequent public speaker, Jahkil challenges children to find their enthusiasm and use it to make a difference. “When I speak to other kids at schools and community centers, I always say, ‘Don’t wait until you are an adult to be great，’” Jahkil said. “‘You can be great now！’”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三位表现突出的青少年。
1．Why did Sammi found Team Samantha?
A．To improve medical conditions.
B．To raise money for herself.
C．To support cancer research.
D．To attract cycling lovers.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据Samantha “Sammi” Janower中的in 2017 her team of cyclists, Team Samantha, raised more than $327，000 for the hospital that saved her life及One hundred percent of every dollar raised goes directly to the doctors and research that work on cancers like hers.可知，Sammi成立Team Samantha的目的是为医院的癌症研究筹款。
2．What did Annika make efforts to do?
A．Help the legally blind see better.
B．Find a long?term treatment for amblyopia.
C．Carry out several scientific studies at her school.
D．Search for economical ways to treat her condition.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据Annika Viswesh中的So, she created the Oculus Patch Assistant which helps to simplify and improve the effectiveness of amblyopia treatment.可知，Annika在努力提高弱视治疗的效果。
3．What should kids do according to Jahkil?
A．Lend a hand to the homeless.
B．Take action and contribute.
C．Take part in Project I Am.
D．Act like adults.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据Jahkil Jackson中的Don’t wait until you are an adult to be great和You can be great now！可知，Jahkil告诉儿童们应该从现在起就试图让自己有所作为。
B
For Serena Au?ón?Chancellor, joining the Young Astronauts Club was more than an after?school hobby; it was the very beginning of her journey to space! When Serena was growing up in the 1980s, National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) launched(发射) space shuttles many times a year. One day as she watched a shuttle launch on TV, Serena’s father said, “You want to work for NASA? You need to be an engineer.” Serena’s father was an engineer himself. And he was right: half of all astronauts have studied engineering. From then on, Serena planned to be an engineer.
When she turned sixteen, Serena’s parents gave her a gift—a weeklong trip to Space Camp in Huntsville, Alabama. Her experiences at Space Camp—using science, math, and technology to practice tasks—showed Serena that her childhood dream was possible. In college, Serena earned a degree in electrical engineering. Afterward, she attended medical school and studied aerospace(航空航天) medicine.
In 2006, Serena was employed as a doctor at NASA, helping astronauts in the United States and Russia. She loved helping people through medicine, but she still wanted to be an astronaut, too. The__odds__were__against__her. Every year thousands of people apply to the astronaut training program and only ten to fifteen people are chosen. In 2009, Serena got the phone call she’d been hoping for since she was a kid: She was chosen to be an astronaut!
Since becoming an astronaut, Serena has learnt wilderness survival skills, searched for meteors(陨石) in Antarctica, and sailed in a submarine(潜水艇) in the deep ocean. But her greatest adventure has not been any of those. She has been in space since June 6, 2018, serving as a flight engineer in Expedition 56/57 to the International Space Station. Her dream of heading into space has come true! While in space, she has been conducting science experiments. Think of her the next time you look up at the stars!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国女宇航员Serena Au?ón?Chancellor逐步实现自己梦想的经历。
4．Why did Serena want to be an engineer?
A．She was talented in engineering.
B．She dreamed of being an astronaut.
C．She wanted to join the Young Astronauts Club.
D．She expected to follow in her father’s footsteps.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的One day as she watched a shuttle launch on TV...From then on, Serena planned to be an engineer.可知，Serena希望成为一名宇航员，而她父亲告诉她如果想进入美国国家航空航天局就要成为一名工程师，所以她想先成为一名工程师，再逐步实现她的梦想。
5．What did the trip to Huntsville mean to Serena?
A．It was very precious to her.
B．It strengthened her family ties.
C．It freed her from pain and stress.
D．It improved her interpersonal skills.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的Serena’s parents gave her a gift—a weeklong trip to Space Camp in Huntsville...her childhood dream was possible可知，Serena的太空营地之旅让她离自己的梦想更进一步，由此可知，一周的营地之旅对她来说弥足珍贵。
6．What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?
A．Serena faced great difficulties.
B．Serena was unskilled at helping people.
C．Serena gave up trying to be an engineer.
D．Serena found it challenging to be a doctor.
A 解析：句意理解题。根据第三段中的Every year thousands of people apply to the astronaut training program and only ten to fifteen people are chosen.可知，能够成为一名真正的宇航员是件极其困难的事情。
7．What did Serena do after becoming an astronaut?
A．She concentrated on physical training.
B．She had some unbelievable adventures.
C．She traveled to space several times.
D．She made a lot of new discoveries.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Serena has learnt wilderness survival skills...in the deep ocean及She has been in space since June 6, 2018可知，Serena在成为一名宇航员后做了许多令人难以置信的事情，比如学习野外生存技能，在南极寻找陨石以及乘潜水艇在深海航行，而最不寻常的经历就是她于2018年首次进入太空执行任务。
七选五
Once a father and son went to a kite flying festival. The young son became very happy seeing the sky filled with colorful kites. 1.________ So, the father went to the shop at the park where the festival was being held and bought a kite for his son.
2．________Soon, his kite reached high up in the sky. After a while, the son said, “Father, it seems that the thread is stopping the kite from flying higher. If we break it, it will be free and will go even higher. Can we break it？” So, the father cut the thread. 3.________ That made the son very happy.
But then, slowly, the kite started to come down.And, soon it fell down on the top of a building. 4.________ The kite had been cut loose of its thread so it could fly higher, but instead, it fell down. He asked his father, “Father, I thought that after we cut the thread, the kite would be free to fly higher. But why did it fall down？”
The father explained, “Son, at the height of life，we often think that some things we are tied to are preventing us from going even higher. 5.________ It was helping it stay higher when the wind slowed down and when the wind picked up. You helped the kite go higher in a proper way through the thread. And when we cut the thread, without the support you were providing to the kite through the thread, it fell down.”
The son realized his mistake.
A．His son started to fly the kite.
B．The kite started to go a little higher.
C．He asked his father to get him a kite.
D．The young son was surprised to see this.
E．The father and the son can’t fly kites at all.
F．The thread was not stopping the kite from going higher.
G．The kite was blown up so high by the wind that it could stay in the sky.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一对父子通过放风筝而得到的人生哲理：生活中束缚我们的事物并非阻止我们飞得更高，而是帮助我们飞得更高、更稳。
1．C 解析：C项He asked his father to get him a kite.与设空处后的So, the father went to the shop...bought a kite for his son.构成因果关系，故C项符合此处语境。
2．A 解析：根据设空处后的Soon, his kite reached high up in the sky.可知，儿子开始放风筝了，故A项符合此处语境。
3．B 解析：根据设空处后的That made the son very happy.可知，风筝被剪断后飞得更高了，这使得儿子很开心，故B项符合此处语境。
4．D 解析：根据设空处后的The kite had been cut loose of its thread so it could fly higher, but instead, it fell down.可知，儿子对此感到很惊讶，故D项符合此处语境。
5．F 解析：根据设空处后的It was helping it stay higher when the wind slowed down and when the wind picked up.可知，风筝的线能使风筝稳定并飞得高，而不是阻止风筝飞高，故F项符合此处语境。
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Section Ⅳ Grammar
限制性定语从句
1．(教材P29)I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here, so I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.
2．(教材P29)The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.
3．(教材P29)But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.
4．(教材P29)We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
1．定语从句是用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句。定语从句一般置于被修饰的词之后，且有引导词引导。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2．引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
3．定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
关系代词
1．关系代词 who, whom 和whose
关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分
who 人 主语、宾语、表语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语
◆(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I am Li Hua, a Chinese high school student who studies in London this summer vacation. (作主语)
我是李华，一名今年暑假在伦敦学习的中国高中生。
◆I’ve become good friends with Li Hua (who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year.
我与去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的李华成了好朋友。 (作宾语，可以省略)
◆(北京卷)I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.(作定语)
我住在一对夫妻隔壁，他们的孩子们总是弄出很大的响声。
(1)who可取代 whom 在从句中作动词的宾语，也可省略。如果 whom 在从句中作介词的宾语且介词提前，则只能用 whom。
◆The astronaut with whom all of us are familiar will visit our school.
我们大家都熟悉的宇航员将来参观我们的学校。
(2)whose既表示人又表示物，在从句中作定语，往往修饰名词，whose 常表达“某人的，某物的”之意。whose 表示物时，whose＋名词＝the＋名词＋of which。
◆The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
＝The school shop, the customers of which are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。
2．关系代词which 和 that
关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语
◆I’ve got a novel (which/that) you may like to read.
我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。(作宾语，可省略)
◆Views that/which are entirely new may be hard to accept.
那些全新的观点或许很难被接受。(作主语，不可省略)
◆The number of the people who/that come to visit the city each year rises by 15%.
来这座城市游览的人数每年增加15%。(指人，作主语)
3．使用关系代词时应注意的问题
(1)关系代词只用 that 不用 which 的几种情况：
①当先行词为 all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
◆You should hand in all that belongs to you.
你应该把属于你的所有东西交上来。
②当先行词被very, both, the only, all, every, no, any, little, much, some等修饰时。
◆The only thing that we can do is give you some advice.
我们唯一能做的就是给你一些建议。
③当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时。
◆This is the best way that has been used against pollution.
这是被用来对抗污染的最好的方法。
④当先行词被序数词修饰时。
◆It is the first American movie that I’ve ever seen.
它是我看过的第一部美国电影。
⑤当先行词既包括人又包括物时。
◆They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey.
他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
(2)“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：
有时从句中的介词可以提到关系代词之前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构，关系代词可用which，whose，whom，不可用that。其确定依据如下：
①根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系确定。
◆The person to whom I said hello just now is our manager.
刚才我打招呼的那个人就是我们的经理。
②根据前面的名词与介词的搭配关系确定。
◆There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.(in与way是习惯搭配)
没有能把它带回地球的方法。
③有时需同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。
◆The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was happening inside the house.
这个聪明的男孩在墙上凿了一个孔，透过它他可以看到屋里发生的一切。
4．关系代词as的用法
as引导限制性定语从句的主要结构有：the same...as...；as...as...；such...as...；so...as...。主句中出现the same或as, such, so修饰先行词，需选择as作关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
◆Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.
像在我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
the same＋名词＋as...指的是同一类的；而the same＋名词＋that...指的是同一个。比较：
◆This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.
这种笔和我昨天买的笔一样(同样的但不是同一个)。
◆This is the same pen that I used yesterday.
这就是昨天我使用的那支笔(指的是同一个)。
关系副词
1．关系副词的基本用法
关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why 表示原因的名词(reason) 原因状语
◆We don’t know the exact time when (＝at which) the English Evening will be held.
我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。(时间状语)
◆Beijing is the place where (＝in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。(地点状语)
◆(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Here are three main reasons why I am the best choice for you. (原因状语)
以下是为什么我是你最好的选择的三个主要原因。
2．关系副词when, where及why可转换为“介词＋which”
when，where可根据先行词、从句的谓语及句意来决定适当的介词，但是关系副词why只可转换为“for＋which”。
◆I am looking forward to the day when/on which my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
我正期盼着那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。
◆We know the place where/in which our teacher lives.
我们知道老师住的地方。
(1)the way后接定语从句时的三种模式：
①the way＋that从句
②the way＋in which从句
③the way＋从句
◆The way (in which/that) these comrades look at problems is wrong.
这些同志看问题的方法不对。
(2)表示抽象地点的名词(case, scene, situation, condition, life, point等)作先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
◆They are now in a situation where they need to make a practical plan.
他们现在处于一种需要制定一个切实可行的计划的处境。
单句语法填空
1．When Lucy came back from abroad, she told us about the cities and the people that she had visited.
2．We are living in an age when many things are done on computers.
3．Please show me the book whose cover is red. I need to check some information.
4．He is such a lazy worker as no one wants to work with.
5．The patient needs to continue with the medical treatment until he reaches the point where he can walk by himself.
6．Surfing is a popular sport among young people where they can seek excitement and adventure.
7．To be honest, I don’t like the way that he often speaks to me.
8．That is the reason why the teacher criticized him yesterday.
9．The song reminded me of the time when I was taken good care of in the countryside by my grandparents.
10．I shall never forget the day when we discovered this beach while we were sailing around the island.
单句改错
1．Ms. Chen is the only one of my friends who have ever been to London for further study.have→has
2．The church which you paid a visit to it last week dates back to the 1890s.去掉it
3．Mr. Lee is a kind and warm?hearted man to that we always turn for advice.that→whom
4．The first place where Gary and his parents visited in Beijing was the Bird’s Nest.去掉where或where→that
5．The famous English novel with that I am very familiar is being translated into French.that→which
6．Rose will never forget the wonderful days when she spent with David in Italy.去掉when或when→that/which
7．Martin put himself in an awkward situation that he had to make a decision right away.that→where
8．The kids are fond of painting, so they go to the museum which the painting exhibition is being held.which→where或在which前加in
语法与写作
1．我们将拜访我们上周提到的那个老人院。
We will pay a visit to the Old People’s Home which__we__mentioned__last__week．
2．你开车的速度一定不能太快。
The speed at__which__you__drive your car mustn’t be too high.
3．他给我讲过一个我永远也忘不了的故事。
He told me a story which/that__I__would__never__forget．
4．有没有我可以买到一些笔记本和铅笔的商店？
Is there a shop where__I__can__buy some notebooks and pencils?
5．他是值得被每一个人尊重的人。
He is a man who__deserves__to__be__respected by everyone.
6．这是上个月在我们旅行期间为我们提供良好服务的旅行社。
This is the travel agency which__offered__us good service during our travel last month.
单句语法填空
1．This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read.
2．A man attacked Lisa in the street last night. Unfortunately, there was no one to whom she could turn for help.
3．The story is about a girl whose brother is a soldier.
4．It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
5．Tony and his father are repairing the roof that/which was damaged by the strong wind.
6．Peter talked happily with his classmates about the writer and his books that interested him.
7．The reason that/which James gave for his being late was that he missed the early bus this morning.
8．(2017·天津卷)My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
9．(2017·北京卷)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
10．I have some doubt about the reason why Hans was absent from the meeting this morning.
11．To tell you the truth, I want to go to that company where the working conditions are good.
12．We couldn’t understand the reasons that/which he explained to us for his mistake.
阅读理解
Johns Hopkins University just announced that the school will name a new research building after Henrietta Lacks, whose cancer cells changed medical research.
“Through her life and her cancer cells, Henrietta Lacks had an immeasurable effect on science and medicine that has touched countless lives around the world，” Johns Hopkins President Ronald Daniels said during the university’s 9th Henrietta Lacks Memorial Lecture in 2018.
The building will be located just north of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and will support programs that improve participation and partnership with members of the community in research that can benefit the community.
Lacks was a black woman who was born on a farm in Roanoke, Virginia, in 1920. In 1951, at 31 years old, the mother of five visited Baltimore’s Johns Hopkins Hospital complaining of stomach pain that later turned out to be cervical(子宫颈的) cancer. Her cancer cells were later used without her permission to create the first immortal(永生的) cell line, known as the HeLa cell line.
The HeLa cells were used to develop the first polio vaccine(小儿麻痹症疫苗) in 1952, and helped the study of human papillomavirus(HPV), which causes the cervical cancer that eventually killed Lacks.
Lacks and her story were relatively unknown until 2010 when reporter Rebecca Skloot published The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. In 2017, The New York Times best?selling book was made into a film titled The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks starring Oprah Winfrey and Rose Byrne.
Lacks’ granddaughter, Jeri Lacks, and other family members attended the university’s announcement. “It is a proud day for the Lacks family. We have been working with Hopkins for many years now on events and projects that honor our grandmother，” Jeri Lacks said. “They are all meaningful, but this is the greatest honor.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。Johns Hopkins University计划用Henrietta Lacks的名字来命名他们即将建造的一座大楼，以纪念她对现代医学发展带来的深远影响。
1．Why will Johns Hopkins University name a building after Henrietta Lacks?
A．She did very important research.
B．She saved countless lives in person.
C．She once helped the university a lot.
D．She had a great influence on modern medicine.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Johns Hopkins University just announced that...whose cancer cells changed medical research.以及第二段中的Through her life and her cancer cells...medicine that has touched countless lives around the world可知，Johns Hopkins University计划用Henrietta Lacks的名字来命名他们将要建造的一座大楼，以纪念她对现代医学发展所带来的影响。
2．What did researchers decide to do with Henrietta Lacks’ cancer cells?
A．Help her get better.
B．Earn money for her.
C．Put them to good use.
D．Completely destroy them.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的Her cancer cells were later used without her permission to create the first immortal(永生的) cell line, known as the HeLa cell line.及第五段的内容可知，研究者决定将这些细胞用于更多的医学研究，以发挥更好的作用。
3．What greatly helped the spread of Lacks’ story at first?
A．A film starring Oprah Winfrey.
B．The invention of the HeLa cells.
C．Sales of a book based on her story.
D．The announcement by the university.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Lacks and her story were relatively unknown until 2010 when reporter Rebecca Skloot published The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks.可知，Rebecca Skloot出版的有关Henrietta Lacks的书让她的故事被大众所熟知。
4．What was the reaction of Lacks’ family members toward the announcement?
A．They expected it.
B．They seemed uninterested.
C．They were a bit embarrassed.
D．They were quite excited about it.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的It is a proud day for the Lacks family.以及They are all meaningful, but this is the greatest honor.可推断，Lacks的家人对学校将一所新建筑命名为Henrietta Lacks的消息感到很兴奋。
完形填空
Until a few years ago, I had what most people would call a good life. I had a __1__ job that paid the bills; I had a good family that I was close to, and I had a place to live and money in the bank for trips and __2__， and there was nothing much wrong in my life. __3__， I was bored.
I wanted more. I wanted to live __4__ and loudly and make sharp memories instead of the __5__ ones of everyday life. But I was __6__. I had never had any __7__ in myself. As a child, even buying something in a shop caused me a great deal of __8__， and even though I did get better as I got older, I never quite __9__ that childhood shyness.
And I tried everything, like reading books about confidence. I also took tiny steps leading to my goals. But none of them really __10__．
So I __11__ that the small steps weren’t enough. I signed up for an internship(实习期) of teaching English in Vietnam, an __12__ huge step, one that __13__ me as much as it excited me. And then the day came and I left my home and my loved ones. I was alone in a country where the food was __14__ and the streets were unfamiliar. I had no idea whether I would be able to __15__ everything that this very strange environment would __16__ at me.
I spent five months in Vietnam, teaching, exploring and laughing. I’d learned to __17__ myself, my skills, my abilities and my decisions. I returned home __18__， even to myself, let alone to others. The __19__ that had controlled my life and the self?doubt were __20__．
That one big chance changed everything for me, and in me.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了作者通过去异国他乡支教从而改变人生的励志故事。
1．A.stable B．temporary
C．difficult D．demanding
A 解析：根据上文中的“Until a few years ago, I had what most people would call a good life.”可推知，之前作者的生活过得不错，有收入稳定的工作，故选A。stable“稳定的”；temporary“暂时的”；demanding“要求高的”。
2．A.tips B．rewards
C．treats D．fines
C 解析：根据空前的“money in the bank for trips”可推知，作者生活舒适，有出去旅游和款待他人的资金。treat在此作名词，意为“款待”。tip“小费，窍门”；reward“奖赏，回报”；fine“罚款”。
3．A.Thus B．Instead
C．Otherwise D．However
D 解析：根据语境可知，空处的前后内容存在逻辑上的转折关系，故选D。thus“因此”；instead“相反”；otherwise“否则”；however“然而”。
4．A.easily B．brightly
C．peacefully D．modestly
B 解析：根据空后的“loudly”可推知，作者对之前的美好生活并不满足，想生活得更加充满生气(brightly)。
5．A.bitter B．clear
C．grey D．sweet
C 解析：根据上文中的“I was bored”可推知，作者厌倦了之前单调乏味的(grey)生活，希望生活更加丰富多彩一些，与上文中的“make sharp memories”相呼应。
6．A.proud B．innocent
C．outgoing D．afraid
D 解析：根据空前的“But”以及下文中的“childhood shyness”可推知，作者内心充满了恐惧。
7．A.pride B．confidence
C．interest D．shame
B 解析：根据下文中的“even buying something in a shop caused me a great deal of ______”和“childhood shyness”可推知，作者一直以来都对自己缺乏信心(confidence)，与下文中的“And I tried everything, like reading books about confidence.”相呼应。
8．A.stress B．excitement
C．confusion D．surprise
A 解析：根据空后的“even though I did get better as I got older”可推知，在孩童时期，去商店买东西都会给作者带来很多心理负担(stress)。
9．A.added to B．talked about
C．got over D．suffered from
C 解析：根据空前的“never”可推知，作者一直都没有克服(got over)自己孩童时期的害羞。
10．A.continued B．survived
C．failed D．helped
D 解析：根据句中的“But”可推知，作者尽管尝试了很多方法，例如阅读有关(提升)自信的书籍，并采取了一些小的措施，但是都无济于事(helped)。
11．A.figured B．promised
C．predicted D．disagreed
A 解析：根据空前的“So”可推知，作者认为(figured)小的措施是不够的。
12．A.equally B．impossibly
C．unnecessarily D．occasionally
B 解析：去越南支教对于一向缺乏自信的作者来讲的确是跨出了不可思议的一大步，故选B。
13．A.ignored B．impressed
C．annoyed D．terrified
D 解析：此处与上文作者孩童时期的害羞以及尝试多种方法增强自信相呼应，故这样的决定让作者害怕(terrified)，同时又使作者激动万分。
14．A.nice B．colorful
C．strange D．inadequate
C 解析：由下文中的“the streets were unfamiliar”和“this very strange environment”可推知，作者身处异国他乡，对那里的食物感到陌生(strange)。
15．A.doubt B．handle
C．quit D．obtain
B 解析：根据语境可知，作者不知道自己是否能够应付(handle)这个完全陌生的环境抛(throw)给自己的一切。
16．A.point B．throw
C．shout D．aim
B 解析：参见上题解析。throw at“朝……扔”。
17．A.trust B．enjoy
C．excuse D．forgive
A 解析：与上文中的“And I tried everything, like reading books about confidence.”形成对比可推知，作者在越南支教期间学会了相信自己。
18．A.unconcerned B．unsatisfied
C．unchangeable D．unrecognizable
D 解析：根据语境可推知，作者从越南回来之后，发生了巨大的变化，几乎让人认不出了。unconcerned“不关心的”；unsatisfied“不满意的”；unchangeable“不可改变的”；unrecognizable“认不出来的”。
19．A.fear B．respect
C．courage D．anger
A 解析：由空后的“controlled my life”和“the self?doubt”可推知，作者之前的生活被害怕(fear)控制，与上文中的“that childhood shyness”呼应。
20．A.picked up B．forgotten about
C．worn off D．put off
C 解析：作者从越南回来之后，发生了巨大的变化，自信满满，自我怀疑逐渐消失(worn off)。
语法填空
Chinese researchers have found that university students with better academic performance are more likely to eat breakfast in the cafeteria, 1.____________(especial) on cold days, according to their findings 2.____________(publish) in a British journal. There is a strong 3.____________(connect) between college students’ academic performance and the regularity of their campus(校园) daily life.
Researchers from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(UESTC) in Chengdu 4.____________(collect) about 30 million digital behavioral records of 18，960 UESTC undergraduate students over the past three years. The behavioral records were kept on the students’ campus smart cards, 5.____________(contain) information about when they entered the library, took a shower, washed clothes 6.____________ paid for meals in the cafeteria, etc. In most Chinese universities, every student has a campus smart card, 7.____________ can be used for student identification and to pay on campus. The students with better performance are more likely to overcome difficulties and stick 8.____________ their routine even on cold winter mornings. “The less the students are affected by weather conditions in keeping life routines, the more determined they are and the 9.____________(good) grades they can get，” one of the researchers said. “We are not aiming 10.____________(ask) all the students to live according to the same timetable, but to encourage them to perform more properly.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。中国电子科技大学的一份研究表明，学生校园生活的规律性和成绩显著相关。
1．especially 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“尤其”，故填especially。
2．published 解析：考查动词?ed形式作定语的用法。findings后跟定语，又因为publish与findings之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且publish所表示的动作已完成，故填published。
3．connection 解析：考查名词。由空前的a可知，此处应用名词单数形式，表示“联系”，故填connection。
4．have collected 解析：考查现在完成时。由后面的over the past three years可知，应用现在完成时，故填have collected。
5．containing 解析：考查动词?ing形式作定语的用法。设空处作campus smart cards的后置定语，又因为cards与contain之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填containing。
6．and 解析：考查连词。设空处在此表示“和”，故填and。
7．which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明a campus smart card，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
8．to 解析：考查固定搭配。stick to意为“坚持”。
9．better 解析：考查形容词比较级。“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”意为“越……，就越……”，故填better。
10．to ask 解析：考查固定搭配。aim to do sth.意为“打算做某事”。
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Section Ⅴ Writing
关于志愿活动或有关分享的记叙文
文体感知
关于志愿活动或有关分享的文章是记述活动的目的、过程以及结果(或影响)的记叙文。注意事项：①理清与活动相关的时间、地点、人物、活动的过程以及影响等。②明确文章结构：开头部分介绍人物、活动的目的或原因；第二部分介绍活动的过程或者主人公做了什么；最后记述活动对他人、自己或社会的影响。③找准时态与人称，理清写作顺序，将文章的要素合理结合，使其完整。
增分佳句
1．Having had a heated discussion, we decided to do something.
热烈讨论后，我们决定做一些事情。
2．We also realize that we can do something to those who are in need.
我们也意识到我们能对那些需要的人做一些事。
3．The story may be unbelievable, but it still has a realistic significance now.
这个故事可能不可信，但是它现在仍然具有一个现实意义。
写作模板
Last week ____________ in our class volunteered their time to help other people. Having had a heated discussion, we decided to do ____________．(总体介绍活动的目的和背景)
On ____________ day, we set out early in the morning. On one’s arrival/arriving, we did ____________ first. Then, we did ____________ and did ____________. In addition, not only did we do ____________ but also we did __________. Last but not least, we did ____________．(叙述活动的过程)
We have learned that ____________. We also realize that we can do ____________ to those who are in need.(表达对活动的感受和活动的影响)
写作要求
你校英文杂志社正在举办有关志愿者活动的征文大赛。请你根据自己的志愿者经历写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．表达对志愿者活动的热爱；
2．讲述做志愿者的经历；
3．呼吁更多人参与志愿者活动。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．对某事充满热情 be__enthusiastic__about__sth.
2．对某人有益 be__beneficial__to__sb.
3．对某人有意义 be__meaningful__to__sb.
4．自愿做某事 volunteer__to__do__sth.
5．全身心投入到某事 devote__one’s__efforts__to__sth.
6．号召某人做某事 call__on__sb.__to__do__sth.
遣词造句
1. 完成句子
①我热衷于志愿者活动，它不仅对他人有益而且对我而言很有意义。
I am__enthusiastic__about__volunteer__activities. They are not only beneficial__to__others__but__also__meaningful__to__me．
②自从进入高中以来，我有多次志愿者活动的经历。
Since__I__attended__high__school,__I’ve had several experiences of being a volunteer.
③我印象最深的是帮助地震受灾区的受害者。
And the__most__impressive__one__is when I volunteered to assist the victims in an earthquake.
④我一到达受灾地区，就帮忙为灾民发放慰问品。
I arrived at the disaster?hit area. I helped__to__distribute relief materials to__the__victims．
⑤我努力帮助医护人员进行救援工作。
I devoted__all__my__efforts__to the rescue work with the medical staff.
⑥为了安慰那些失去家园的人，我与他们谈话，鼓励他们。
To__comfort__those__who__lost__their__family,__I talked with them and inspired them.
⑦当一名志愿者使我感到高兴与自豪。
Being__a__volunteer makes me delighted and proud.
⑧我想号召人人参加志愿者活动。
I want to call__on__everyone__to__take__part__in__volunteer__activities．
2．句式升级
⑨把①中的两个句子合并并升级为定语从句。
I__am__enthusiastic__about__volunteer__activities,__which__are__not__only__beneficial__to__others__but__also__meaningful__to__me.
⑩把④中的两个句子合并并升级为时间状语从句。
As__soon__as__I__arrived__at__the__disaster?hit__area,__I__helped__to__distribute__relief__materials__to__the__victims.
妙笔成篇
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One possible version：
I am enthusiastic about volunteer activities, which are not only beneficial to others but also meaningful to me.
Since I attended high school, I’ve had several experiences of being a volunteer. And the most impressive one is when I volunteered to assist the victims in an earthquake. As soon as I arrived at the disaster?hit area, I helped to distribute relief materials to the victims. In addition, I devoted all my efforts to the rescue work with the medical staff. Besides, to comfort those who lost their family, I talked with them and inspired them.
Being a volunteer makes me delighted and proud. Here I want to call on everyone to take part in volunteer activities.
假定你叫李华，上周末你和几位同学在学校附近的孤儿院做志愿者，请你按照以下提示写一篇英语短文。
内容包括：
1．时间和地点；
2．活动的主要内容：分发礼物；教他们阅读和写作；打扫卫生和洗衣服；
3．你的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：孤儿院orphanage
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One possible version：
Last weekend, some of my classmates and I went to work as volunteers in an orphanage near our school.
When we got there, all the children welcomed us happily. We were touched deeply and gave them big hugs. After that, we gave away presents to them, and taught them reading and writing. Besides, we helped to clean their rooms and wash their clothes. Seeing the sweet smiles on their faces, we felt very pleased.
This valuable experience impressed me deeply and inspired me to keep on helping those in need.
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Unit 4 Sharing
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.relevant adj. 有关的；切题的
I think we need to read some materials that are__relevant__to__the__topic(与话题有关) we are discussing.
2.arrangement n. 安排；排列
We could make an arrangement to meet at the school gate at 10 a．m. and arrange for the following activity. (arrange)
3.voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的
The volunteer said that he was willing to participate in the voluntary activity. (volunteer)
4.anniversary n．周年纪念(日)
Hainan special press conference was held in Beijing to__celebrate__PRC’s__70th__anniversary(庆祝新中国成立70周年).
重点词汇夯实练
5.adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合
①(2018·北京卷)You’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come. Only in this way can you adjust__yourself__to__the__life__here(适应这里的生活) in Beijing soon.
②They have decided to make a few adjustments(adjust) to their travelling plan.
6.participate vi.参与；参加
We encouraged anyone to participate in the singing competition and the participant who wins will be given a gift as prize for the participation. (participate)
7.otherwise conj.否则；不然 adv.用别的方法；其他方面
Shut the window, otherwise it will__get(get) too cold in the room.
8.distribute vt.分配；分发
Immediately after his election he began to distribute major offices among his friends and supporters.
9.operate vi.工作；运转；动手术；起作用 vt. 操作
The operator is operating the big machine according to the operation guidance.(operate)
阅读词汇排查练
1.airmail n． 航空邮件
2.fortnight n． 两星期
3.roof n． 屋顶；车顶
4.concept n. 观念；概念
5.weed n． 杂草；野草
vt.& vi. 除杂草__
6.hut n. 棚屋；小屋
7.broom n． 扫帚
8.interpreter n． 作口译的人
9.grill n. 烤架；大平底锅
vt. 烧烤；炙烤
10.sniff vt.&vi. 嗅；闻；用鼻子吸
11.toast vt. 烤(面包等)；敬酒
12.comb n． 梳子
n. 烤面包(片)；吐司面包；干杯
vi. 梳(发)
13.angle n． 角；角度
14.loan n. 贷款
15.trunk n． 树干；躯干；大衣箱
16.clinic n． 门诊部；小诊所
17.catalogue n． 目录
重点短语
会书写
1.hear__from 接收……的信
2.the__other__day 不久前的一天
3.dry__up (指河流、井等)干涸
4.adapt__to 适应
5.participate__in 参与；参加
6.get__through 通过
7.(be)__dying__to 极想；渴望
8.dry__out (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透
9.in__need 在困难中；在危急中
10.come__across 偶然遇到或发现；碰到；被理解
11.make__a__difference__to 对……有影响；起作用
会应用
1.The parents are__dying__to know the results after the students’ examinations.
2.Did you have to get__through an entrance examination？
3.When walking down the street, I came__across David, whom I hadn’t seen for years.
4.Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage will make__a__difference.
5.During the drought, the river dried__up;__as a result, many fish died.
6.My uncle has been in America for many years and we all look forward to hearing__from him.
重点句型
句式 仿写
1.be doing sth. when...正在做某事，这时……The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling over everywhere！ 我正在公园里散步，这时我碰到了我的老朋友杰克。I was__walking__in__the__park__when I ran into Jack, my old friend.
2.doubt whether...怀疑是否……To be honest, I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all. 说实在的，我怀疑他们两天内能否完成这项艰巨的任务。To be honest, I doubt whether__they__will__finish__the__hard__task in two days.
3.“助动词do/does/did＋动词原形”表示强调But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe. 我真的希望你能在你的语文学习上取得很大的进步。期待你的早日回复。I__do__hope__you__can__make__great__progress__in your Chinese learning study. Looking forward to your early reply.
4.from where引导定语从句We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below. 我们最终爬到山顶，从山顶我们可以更好地欣赏整个城市。We finally climbed into the peak of the mountain，from__where__we__could__have__a__good__view__of the city.
5.not...but...不是……而是……The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it. 重要的不是你读了多少，而是你读了什么。It is not__how__much__you__read__but what you read that counts.
单元语法
1．(2019·天津卷)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.
2．The picture shows us a touching moment when a little girl comes to greet her working mom cheerfully.
3．Yesterday I came across a famous professor whose achievements are so admirable.
4．He was happy that he found the very book by accident that he had always been looking for.
5．I don’t know the name of the woman to whom I spoke on the phone.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．前几天我收到了一位在日本的朋友的信。(the other day; hear from)
2．在信中，她告诉我她遇到了她一生中最大的挫折。(come across)
3．在飓风中她失去了父母。(lose)
4．她无法适应目前的生活。(adjust oneself to...)
5．她极度渴望得到别人的帮助和安慰。(be dying to)
6．说实话，我很同情她。(to be honest)
7．我参加了一个捐款活动。(participate in)
8．我捐了一些钱帮助那里的有困难的人。(donate some money to; in need)
9．众所周知，飓风的发生与环境有关。(be relevant to)
10．我们应该意识到保护环境的重要性。(be aware of)
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One possible version：
The other day I heard from one of my friends in Japan.In the letter，she told me she came across the biggest obstacle in her entire life that in the hurricane, she lost her parents.As a result, she couldn’t adjust herself to the current life and she was dying to gain others’ assistance and comfort. To be honest，I felt great sympathy for her，so I participated in a donation activity and donated some money to help the people in need there.As is known to all，the hurricanes are relevant to the environment, so we should be aware of the importance of protecting the environment.
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