Unit 5 Travelling abroad
近年来，越来越多的人出国留学。因为他们认为出国留学的好处特别多，如能够学习不同的文化、提高外语水平等。下面我们来分享一位印度女大学生为何选择在德国留学和她的留学经历吧！
Study Abroad Experience
My name is Menorca, a girl from India. When I was in my early teens, going abroad and carrying out research in life sciences were always in my mind. The fact that I had my family and a lot of acquaintances(熟人) in the US made it a seemingly natural choice for me. I wasn’t encouraged to go abroad for my Bachelor degree(学士学位), and so I was determined to make it for my Master degree(硕士学位)．
However, after years of preparation, exams and lots of detailed applications, I could not secure(得到) any financial aid(助学金) in the US. Luckily, I had also decided to apply for a few European universities towards the end of my Bachelor degree, and I was extremely glad to be admitted into a German university with a full scholarship.
It’s been 4 years since that happened. I have said it a hundred times and perhaps will say it again. Studying in Germany was one of the best decisions I have ever made and I am so happy with how everything turned out to be! It was one of those things that weren’t very planned, but moving to this country gave me numerous opportunities to learn a lot, work at some of the best institutes in my field, explore a new culture, make friends and travel and every day is a learning experience for sure.
One of the most important experiences for me though, was understanding myself better: my passions, interests, and what I would really enjoy doing further on. However, after moving around, working at different places and living in different cities, I discovered that there was so much more that I could do!
I’ve had the opportunity to try out several new things, get to know many people, understand different cultures, learn to adjust better and be more aware of my surroundings.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.motherland n． 祖国
2.visa n． 签证
3.queue n. 队列；行列
vi. 排队
4.idiom n． 习语；成语
5.substitute n. 代替者；代用品
vt. 用……代替……
6.essay n. 文章；散文
拓展词汇
7.lecture n．& vi.演讲；讲课→lecturer n．讲课者；演讲者
8.qualification n．资格；资历→qualified adj.有资格的；合格的；胜任的
9.preparation n．准备；预备→prepare vt.准备
10.recommend vt.推荐；建议→recommendation n．推荐；介绍；建议
11.comfort n．舒适；安慰 vt.安慰→comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的→comfortably adv.舒适地；舒服地
12.requirement n．需要；要求→require v．需要；要求
13.acknowledge vt.承认；确认；答谢→acknowledgement n．承认；确认
14.occupy vt.占用；占领；占据→occupation n．占领；占据
阅读词汇
15.shopkeeper n． 店主
16.academic adj. 学校的；学术的
17.tutor n. 导师；助教；家庭教师
18.draft n. 草稿；草案
vt. 草拟；起草
19.numb adj. 麻木的；失去知觉的
20.contradict vt. 反驳；驳斥
21.autonomous n. 自主的；自治的；独立的
22.enterprise n. 事业；事业心
重点短语
1.adjust__to 适应
2.keep__it__up 保持优秀成绩；继续干下去
3.fit__in 相适应；相融和
4.apply__for 申请
5.get__used__to 习惯于……
6.take__up 占据
7.as__far__as__one__is__concerned 就……而言
8.be__occupied__with 忙着做……；忙于某事物
9.feel__at__home 感觉自在；无拘束
10.refer__to 涉及，谈到，提到；引证；查阅，参考
重点句型
1.It is/was the first time (that)．..第一次……：It was the first time she had__ever__left__her__motherland(离开自己的祖国).
2.“疑问词＋不定式”结构：But I was also very nervous as I didn’t know what__to__expect(期待什么)．..
3.v.－ing作主语：Studying__here(在这里学习) is quite different from studying in China, so you need some preparation first.
4.as far as one is concerned...就……而言：Besides, as__far__as__he__was__concerned(就他而言), what other people thought was not the most important thing.
Fast?reading
Skim the text and do the following exercises.
1．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．It talks about what Xie Lei experiences in the UK.
B．It talks about why Xie Lei goes abroad.
C．It talks about what Chinese students can learn in the UK.
D．It talks about why Chinese students study abroad.
答案：A
2．Match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1 A．Xie Lei is getting used to the Western university’s way of learning.
Para.2 B．The newspaper will follow Xie Lei’s progress in later editions.
Para.3 C．The general introduction to Xie Lei and her study.
Para.4 D．The advantages of living with a host family.
Para.5 E．Xie Lei, a Chinese girl, is studying in a foreign city—London.
Para.6 F．The difficulties Xie Lei met while living in London.
Para.7 G．Xie Lei feels much more at home in England now and is living an active life.
答案：ECFDAGB
Careful?reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Who has helped Xie Lei most since she came to England?
A．Her classmates and her tutor.
B．Her tutor and her family.
C．Her host family and her family.
D．Her tutor and her host family.
2．Xie Lei’s tutor seemed dissatisfied with her first essay because ________．
A．there were too many mistakes in it
B．her opinions were quite different from her tutor’s
C．she didn’t give her own opinions at all
D．her tutor couldn’t understand the essay
3．What will Xie Lei do to fit in well according to the passage?
A．Try to avoid missing home.
B．Take part in more social activities.
C．Make some new friends.
D．Spend more time learning.
4．Which of the following can be used to describe Xie Lei?
A．Timid. B．Brave.
C．Honest. D．Determined.
答案：1－4.DCBD
Study?reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Living with host families, in which there may be other college students, gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture.
[翻译] 寄宿家庭里也许会住着其他大学生，跟这样的家庭住在一起给她提供了更好地了解新文化的机会。
2．He wanted to know what I thought, which confused me because I thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did.
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②He wanted to know what I thought是主句，后跟which引导的非限制性定语从句。
③主句中包含一个由what引导的宾语从句。
④定语从句中又包含一个because引导的原因状语从句，其中thought后跟that引导的宾语从句， than I did是比较状语从句。
[翻译] 他想知道的是我想的是什么。这倒把我弄糊涂了，因为我认为该文章的作者所知道的比我多得多。
3．My tutor explained that I should read lots of different texts that contain different opinions and analyse what I read.
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②My tutor explained是主句，后跟that(第一个)引导的宾语从句，其中should read和analyse在从句中并列作谓语。
③第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词texts。
④analyse后跟what引导的宾语从句。
[翻译] 导师给我解释说，我应该阅读大量的、有不同观点的文章，并对其进行分析。
4．Xie Lei told me that she feels much more at home in England now, and what had seemed very strange before now appears quite normal.
句中told后接了两个宾语从句，即that she feels much more at home in England now和what had seemed very strange before now appears quite normal。另外，第二个宾语从句中又包含一个what引导的主语从句，即what had seemed very strange before, what在从句中作主语。
[翻译] 谢蕾告诉我说，现在她在英国感到自在多了。以前看似很奇怪的事，如今觉得似乎很正常了。
①keep it up保持优秀成绩；继续干下去
②fit in相适应；相融和
fit in with与……适应
③say goodbye to跟……说再见
④board a plane登上飞机
⑤motherland['m???l?nd]n.祖国
⑥visa['vi?z?]n.签证
exit/entry visa出境/入境签证
⑦queue[kju?]n.队列；行列
vi.排队
stand/wait in a queue排队等候
⑧cafeteria[?k?f?'tI?rI?]n.自助食堂；自助餐厅
⑨lecture['lekt??]n.&vi.演讲；
讲课
give/deliver a lecture做演讲；讲课
go to/attend a lecture听讲座
⑩qualification[?kw?lIfI'keI?n]n.
资格；资历
qualify v．使……有资格
?preparation[?prep?'reI?n]n.
准备；预备
make preparations for
为……做准备
in preparation (for)
在(……的)准备中
?apply for申请
?recommend[?rek?'mend]vt.
推荐；建议
其后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。
?beneficial adj.有益的，有好
处的
benefit v．对……有好处
benefit from从……中受益
?get used to习惯于(＋n./pron./v.－ing)
?take up占用(时间等)
?concentration n．注意力
concentrate v．集中
concentrate on集中注意力于，全神贯注于
?shopkeeper['??p?ki?p?]n.店主
?passer?by n．(pl.passers－by)
过路人
?accommodation n．住宿
board with和……搭伙
give sb. the chance to do...
给某人机会做……
idiom['IdI?m]n.习语；成语
comfort['k?mf?t]n.舒适；安慰 vt.安慰
It is a great comfort to do ...
做……是莫大的安慰。此处comfort是抽象名词具体化的用法。
substitute['s?bstItju?t]n.代替者；代用品 vt.用……代替……(常与for搭配)
academic[??k?'demIk]adj.
学校的；学术的
requirement[rI'kwaI?m?nt]n.需要；要求
meet/satisfy the requirements of满足……的要求
essay['eseI]n.文章；散文
tutor['tju?t?]n.导师；助教；
家庭教师
make a summary of
对……做总结
revise[rI'vaIz]vt.复查；修正；复习
draft[drɑ?ft]n.草稿；草案
vt.草拟；起草
hand in上交
numb[n?m] adj.麻木的；失去知觉的
b在m之后不发音，这叫“哑辅音”，又如climb，tomb，comb，bomb。
be numb with shock惊呆了
be numb with fear/terror
吓呆了
revision[rI'vI?n]n.复查；修正；复习
acknowledge[?k'n?lId?]vt.
承认；确认；答谢
It is widely/generally acknowledged that ...……是大家公认的。
as far as one is concerned
就……而言
confuse vt.混淆；使……混乱
far在此处为程度副词，表示“远远，非常”，修饰比较级。
analyse vt.分析；统计
refer to参考，查阅
contradict[?k?ntr?'dIkt]vt.
反驳；驳斥
形近词：contract n．合同，契约
contrast n．对比，对照
contact n．& v．接触，联系
more importantly更重要的是
autonomous[??'t?n?m?s]adj.
自主的；自治的；独立的
feel at home感觉自在，无拘束
make oneself at home 使某人不拘束
be occupied with(＝be occupied in doing)忙着做……；忙于某事物
occupy['?kj?paI]vt.占用；
占领；占据
wish sb. all the best祝愿某人一切顺利
enterprise['ent?praIz]n.事业；事业心
deserve v．值得，应受，应得
deserve to do sth.应该做某事
deserve doing＝deserve to be done (某事)值得被做
KEEP IT UP① , XIE LEI
Chinese student fitting in② well
Six months ago Xie Lei said goodbye to③ her family and friends in China and boarded a plane④ for London.It was the first time she had ever left her motherland⑤. “After getting my visa⑥ I was very excited because I had dreamed of this day for so long. But I was also very nervous as I didn’t know what to expect，” Xie Lei told me when I saw her waiting in a queue⑦ at the student cafeteria⑧ between lectures⑨.
◆It was the first/second/...time＋that sb. had done sth.这是某人第一/二/……次做某事(从句用过去完成时)。
◆But I was ...expect中，as I didn’t ...是as引导的原因状语从句。
◆saw her waiting是see sb. doing结构，意为“看见某人正在做……”。
Xie Lei, who is 21 years old, has come to our university to study for a business qualification⑩. She is halfway through the preparation? year, which most foreign students complete before applying for? a degree course. Xie Lei highly recommends? it. “The preparation course is most beneficial?，” she said. “Studying here is quite different from studying in China, so you need some preparation first.”
◆who is 21 years old是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Xie Lei，who在从句中作主语。
◆which most foreign students complete ...是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰the preparation year, which在从句中作complete的宾语。
◆当most后接形容词，但前面没有the时，most相当于very(注意要和形容词最高级区分开来)。
“It’s not just study that’s difficult. You have to get used to? a whole new way of life, which can take up? all your concentration? in the beginning，” explained Xie Lei, who had lived all her life in the same city in China. She told me that she had had to learn almost everything again. “Sometimes I felt like a child，” she said. “I had to learn how to use the phone, how to pay bus fare, and how to ask a shopkeeper? for things I didn’t know the English for．When I got lost and had to ask a passer?by? for directions, I didn’t always understand. They don’t talk like they do on our listening tapes，” she said, laughing.
◆It’s ...that ...是强调句型，强调主语not just study；not just＝not only。
◆此处which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句的内容。
◆此处who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Xie Lei。
◆I didn’t know the English for是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰things，关系代词在从句中作介词for的宾语。
◆此句中的like用作连词，引导方式状语从句，相当于as；现在分词laughing作said的伴随状语。
Xie Lei lives with a host family who give her lots of good advice．Although some foreign students live in student accommodation? or apartments, some choose to board with English families. Living with host families, in which there may be other college students, gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture. “When I hear an idiom that I don’t understand, I can ask my host family for help，” explains Xie Lei.“Also, when I miss my family, it’s a great comfort to have a substitute family to be with.”
◆who give her lots of good advice是who引导的定语从句，修饰a host family。
◆此句中，Living with host families是动名词短语作主语，in which there ...是in which(＝where)引导的定语从句，which指代host families。
◆that I don’t understand是定语从句，修饰an idiom，that可以省略。
Xie Lei’s preparation course is helping her to get used to the academic requirements of a Western university. “I remember the first essay I did for my tutor，” she told me. “I found an article on the Internet that seemed to have exactly the information I needed. So I made a summary of the article, revised my draft and handed the essay in. I thought I would get a really good mark but I got an E. I was numb with shock! So I went to my tutor to ask the reason for his revision. First of all, he told me, I couldn’t write what other people had said without acknowledging them. Besides, as far as he was concerned, what other people thought was not the most important thing. He wanted to know what I thought, which confused me because I thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did. My tutor explained that I should read lots of different texts that contain different opinions and analyse what I read. Then, in my essay, I should give my own opinion and explain it by referring to other authors. Finally he even encouraged me to contradict the authors I’d read! At first I lacked confidence, but now I’m beginning to get the idea and my marks have improved. More importantly, I am now a more autonomous learner.”
◆helping her to get used to ...是动名词短语作表语。
◆I did for my tutor是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰the first essay。
◆此句中，that seemed ...是that引导的定语从句，修饰an article；I needed是省略that/which的定语从句，修饰the information。
◆what other people thought是what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作thought的宾语。
◆此句中，which confused...是which引导的非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容；that the author ...是that引导的宾语从句。
◆此句中，that I should...是that引导的宾语从句，作explained的宾语；that contain ...是定语从句，修饰texts；what I read是what引导的宾语从句。
◆I’d read是省略了关系代词that/who的定语从句，修饰the authors。
Xie Lei told me that she feels much more at home in England now, and what had seemed very strange before now appears quite normal. “I’ve just got one more thing to achieve. I have been so occupied with work that I haven’t had time for social activities. I think it’s important to have a balance between study and a social life, so I’m going to join a few clubs. Hopefully I’ll make some new friends.”
◆what had seemed very strange before是what引导的主语从句，谓语动词是appears。appear在此是连系动词，意为“看起来……”，后跟形容词normal作表语。
◆so...that ...如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句。
We will follow Xie Lei’s progress in later editions of this newspaper but for now, we wish Xie Lei all the best in her new enterprise. She deserves to succeed.
谢蕾，再接再厉
中国学生适应能力强
六个月前，谢蕾告别了她在中国的家人和朋友，登上了前往伦敦的飞机。这是她第一次离开自己的祖国。课间休息时我在学生餐厅碰到正在排队的谢蕾，她告诉我说：“拿到签证后我很激动，因为我很久以前就梦想着能有这么一天，但是我又非常紧张，因为我不知道我所期望的是什么。”
谢蕾今年21岁，来我们大学上学，希望获得工商管理资格证书。大多数外籍学生在申请学位课程学习之前都要学一年预科，而谢蕾已经读完半年了。谢蕾强力推荐它(预科课程)。她说：“预科课程非常有益。在这儿学习跟在中国学习是相当不同的，因此你必须事先做些准备。”
“困难不只在学习方面，你还必须习惯一种全新的生活方式，在一开始的时候这就会占去你的全部精力。”谢蕾解释说。她在中国时一直居住在同一座城市。她还告诉我，几乎每件事她都得重新学习。她说：“有时候我觉得自己像个小孩似的，我得学习如何使用电话，乘公共汽车时该怎样付款，在商店买东西时如果不知道商品的英文名字，又怎样问店主。 当我迷路不得不向路人问路时，我经常听不懂他们说的话。他们不像我们在听力磁带上听到的那样讲话。”谢蕾笑着说。
谢蕾同寄宿家庭住在一起，他们给了她许多好的建议。 虽然有些外国学生住在学生宿舍或公寓里，但有些学生选择寄宿在英国人的家中。寄宿家庭里也许会住着其他大学生，跟这样的家庭住在一起给她提供了更好地了解新文化的机会。“当我听到我不理解的习语时，我可以向寄宿家庭里的人请教，”谢蕾解释说。“还有，当我想家的时候，寄宿家庭就可以代替我家人，和他们在一起给了我很大的安慰。”
谢蕾的预科课程帮助她熟悉了西方大学在学术方面的要求。她对我说：“我还记得我交给导师的第一篇论文。我在网上找到一篇文章，恰好看起来跟我所需要的信息一样。于是我就那篇论文写了一篇类似小结性的文章，修改了草稿，然后交给了导师。我原以为我会得到高分的，结果得了E。我惊呆了！于是我去找导师问修改的原因。他告诉我，首先，我不能把别人的话写下来而不表示感谢。此外，他认为别人的想法并不是最重要的。他想知道的是我想的是什么。这倒把我弄糊涂了，因为我认为该文章的作者所知道的比我多得多。导师给我解释说，我应该阅读大量的、有不同观点的文章，并对其进行分析。然后，在我的论文中，我得表明我自己的观点，并且引用别的作者的观点来说明为什么我相信我的观点。最后，他甚至鼓励我反驳我读过的那些作者的观点！起初，我缺乏信心，而现在我开始懂得了，我的分数也已经有所提高了。更重要的是，我现在是一个能更加自主地学习的人了。”
谢蕾告诉我说，现在她在英国感到自在多了。以前看似很奇怪的事，如今觉得似乎很正常了。“我还有一件事要做。我一直忙于学习，以至于没有时间去参加社会活动。我认为保持学习与社会生活之间的平衡也是很重要的，所以我打算参加几个俱乐部，我希望会结识一些新朋友。”
关于谢蕾的进步，我们将在今后几期的报纸中做跟踪报道。同时我们衷心祝愿她学业有成。她应该取得成功。
阅读理解
A
Recently my family travelled to southern Africa for three weeks. We had a specific purpose for this trip: to spend time with our son serving in an organization that helps with projects in Namibia.
After travelling through Namibia, we ended in Cape Town, South Africa. There, I was struck by a message on a tourist bus: “Go places. Prosper.” To prosper not only relates to financial success, but includes engaging in activities that open minds and hearts.
The good news is that Americans travel internationally more than we often think, and international travel continues to increase. But unfortunately, the destinations tend to be places where we are not challenged by differences in culture or lifestyle: 55 percent travel to Canada or Mexico, while less than one percent go to Africa.
In Cape Town, we stayed at a couple’s home. Living in their home gave us insight into their day－to－day lives. Their books and decor revealed their religious background, language and interests. One of our Uber drivers was from Zimbabwe and shared stories about his struggles to make ends meet in his country, and his hopes of making a life in South Africa. While in Namibia we spent several days with our son’s host family. His Namibian parents are both educators, with several children, and they have become close to our son. We ate “braai”—traditional Namibian grilled meat—and shared our hopes for the future.
We prospered for sure. Every day we experienced new dialects, aromas(芳香), and trials and tribulations(磨难)．In the end, we came to understand not only the differences between us and others, but more importantly the humanity that connects us with others: the importance of family, the aspirations(渴望) for a good future, and the mutual goodwill we shared with those we met.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者自己的南非旅行说明旅游可以加深我们对不同文化的理解，从而有助于建立更和谐、美好的世界。
1．What’s the author’s main purpose in taking this trip?
A．To do sightseeing.
B．To accompany his son.
C．To do some volunteer work.
D．To go back to his own country.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的to spend time with our son可知，作者去纳米比亚是为了陪伴儿子。
2．What can we infer about the author according to Paragraph 4?
A．He really appreciated the lifestyle adopted by the couple in Cape Town.
B．He felt it very difficult to understand the local language.
C．He intended to help the Uber driver get out of trouble.
D．He get on well with his son’s host family in Namibia.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的We ate “braai”—traditional Namibian grilled meat—and shared our hopes for the future.可知，作者与儿子在纳米比亚的寄宿家庭相处融洽。
3．What can be the best title for this passage?
A．Choosing a Good Destination for Your Travel
B．Family Travel can Bring a Lot of Fun
C．Building a Better World Through Travelling Abroad
D．International Travel Continues to Increase
C 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者通过自己的南非旅行说明旅游可以加深不同文化之间的理解，建立更和谐、美好的世界，所以Building a Better World Through Travelling Abroad作文章标题最合适。
B
“We found that immigrants begin losing their native microbes(微生物) almost immediately after arriving in the US and then acquire microbes that are more common in European－American people，” says senior author Dan Knights, a biologist at the University of Minnesota. “But the new microbes aren’t enough to make up for the loss of the native microbes, so we see a big overall loss of diversity. It has been shown before that people in developing nations have a much greater diversity.”
The research was inspired by Minnesota’s large community of immigrants from Southeast Asia, particularly the Hmong and Karen peoples, ethnic minorities from China and Burma.“Obesity was a concern that was coming up a lot for the Hmong and Karen communities here. In other studies, the microbiome(微生物菌群) had been related to obesity, so we wanted to know if there was potentially a relationship in immigrants and if we can make any findings relevant and available to the communities，” says first author Pajau Vangay.
The researchers did find that significant changes happened that fast: in those first six to nine months after people’s immigration, the Western microbes began to supersede the non－Western ones. But this westernization also continued to happen over the course of the first decade in the US, and the overall microbiome diversity decreased when the immigrants had been longer in the US. The participants’ food logs suggested that eating a more Western diet played a role but couldn’t explain all the changes.
Although the research didn’t establish a cause－and－effect relationship between the microbiome changes in immigrants and the immigrant obesity, it did show a correlation: greater westernization of the microbiome was associated with greater obesity.
Knights believes that the research has a lot to tell us about our health. “We do see that westernization of the microbiome is associated with obesity in immigrants, so this could be an interesting avenue for future research into treatment of obesity, both in immigrants and potentially in the broader population.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，东南亚人移民到美国后他们身上的微生物群发生了改变。
4．What can we know from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?
A．Westernization in lifestyle is responsible for obesity.
B．Obese people lose their native microbes after immigration.
C．Immigrants’ microbes disappear shortly after immigration.
D．There may be many obese Hmong and Karen immigrants in Minnesota.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Obesity was a concern that was coming up a lot for the Hmong and Karen communities here.可知，明尼苏达州可能存在很多肥胖的苗族和凯伦移民。
5．What does the underlined word “supersede” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Rebuild. B．Replace.
C．Improve. D．Copy.
B 解析：词义猜测题。结合第一段中的that immigrants begin losing their native microbes(微生物)及第三段中的The researchers did find that significant changes happened that fast...and the overall microbiome diversity decreased when the immigrants had been longer in the US.可知，supersede是“取代，替代”。
6．In the last paragraph, Knights wants to stress ________．
A．the disadvantages of immigration
B．the partial value of the research
C．the influence of westernization
D．the hidden dangers of obesity
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中Knights的谈话内容可推知，Knights此处主要强调了此项研究对治疗肥胖的价值。
C
The hardest memorization task I ever had was to give an 18－minute TEDx talk from memory. I remember struggling with remembering the exact words. Then I remembered the “production effect”， which is a way to strengthen memory by actually forcing the recall in the appropriate setting. In other words, I needed to rehearse(排练) by actually giving the speech in front of a mirror.
The usual thing we think of about improving memory is the need for rehearsal, especially the kind of rehearsal where you force recall after the initial learning. But another more effective way is to strengthen the memory at the time of learning by speaking it, singing it, drawing it in some way. Writing by hand or typing the information also strengthens memory, and studies have shown that handwriting is more effective than typing. Any of these approaches is much more effective than silent reading, viewing, or listening.
Why this works to improve memory probably relates to the fact that more attentiveness and processing are required in production than in just silent reading or listening. One common explanation is that production makes each item more characteristic. That is, by saying it, drawing it, or whatever, the item acquires more features and becomes more characteristic.
As far as I know, the production effect has been studied only with respect to rote memory(remember something by repeating it rather than understanding its meaning) tasks. I think that it would be even more powerful if applied when using mnemonics(记忆术). For example, if you are using the “memory palace”， as you mentally place an item to be memorized on a room object in your mind’s eye, you might actually describe aloud what you are imagining. The production effect should also be useful during forced retrieval(检索) rehearsals as well. Anytime you retrieve a memory item, it is an opportunity to re－learn it. So, if you speak, draw, or use another production effect during forced recall, you further strengthen the encoding and subsequent consolidation.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要说明了“加工效应”在增强记忆中的应用。
7．How does the author introduce the topic?
A．By listing some figures.
B．By coming straight to the point.
C．By citing his personal experience.
D．By using quotes from famous people.
C 解析：推理判断题。第一段中作者通过自己的亲身经历引出本文话题。
8．Which method is most probably recommended by the author to strengthen memory?
A．Reading and listening silently at the time of learning.
B．Writing down the information at the time of learning.
C．Rehearsing the information at spaced intervals.
D．Typing the information to learn.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的But another more effective way ...by speaking it, singing it, drawing it in some way. 以及下文中的 ...studies have shown that handwriting is more effective than typing.可知，在选项提到的四种方法中，在学习时用笔记下所学信息是作者最赞成的方法。
9．In Paragraph 3, the author mainly tells us ________．
A．the situations in which the production effect can be used
B．the difference between silent reading and listening
C．the relation between memorization and attention
D．the reasons why the production effect is useful
D 解析：段落大意题。通读第三段可知，第三段中作者主要解释了“加工效应”为何有效。
10．What can we know about the “production effect” according to the last paragraph?
A．It works merely when you take notes.
B．It is mainly suitable for scholars and lecturers.
C．It should be used more widely in improving memory.
D．It includes three steps: rote memory, mnemonics and retrieval rehearsals.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的As far as I know, the production effect ...I think that it would be even more powerful...以及下文中的The production effect should also be useful during forced retrieval(检索) rehearsals as well.可知，作者认为“加工效应”应该被广泛应用于加强记忆。
七选五
An elevator can be an uncomfortable environment when the riders do not observe the basic rules of common politeness. Good elevator etiquette(礼仪) is mostly common sense. 1.________ As always, the best rule is to treat others as you would like to be treated.
Boarding an elevator etiquette means that you should wait until everyone who is getting off has left the elevator before you step inside. You should not try to block the doors of the elevator to hold them open. 2.________
While in an elevator, you shouldn’t eat, smoke, or talk on your cell phone. 3.________ If you have to strike up a conversation with someone, keep the topic neutral(中立的), and your tone of voice low. If other people in the elevator seem annoyed or upset by your conversation, you may want to change the topic or quiet down.
If you are trapped in the back of a crowded elevator and you need to get off, call out “my floor” to warn other riders to the fact that you wish to get off. 4.________ If you see someone struggling to get off an elevator, you may want to step out to make room, and then step back in.
5．________ Usually as long as you make a good－faith effort to stay out of the way, you will not upset anyone. If you aren’t certain about whether or not a behavior is appropriate in an elevator, ask yourself how comfortable you would be if someone else in the elevator did it first.
A．Stay in the front if you plan to get off soon.
B．This behavior is rude and potentially dangerous.
C．Then move slowly but firmly through the crowd.
D．Many people prefer to ride an elevator in silence.
E．In short, always keep everyone comfortable on an elevator.
F．But being aware of it will make your elevator rides more comfortable.
G．It is polite to stand as close to a wall or corner as possible to make room for other riders.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了乘坐电梯的几个注意事项。
1．F 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系，该句中的it指的是前一句中的Good elevator etiquette。
2．B 解析：此空设于段尾，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系，该句中的This behavior指的是前一句中的try to block the doors of the elevator to hold them open。
3．D 解析：此空设于段中，与上一句内容存在因果关系，说明很多人乘坐电梯时更愿意保持安静。
4．C 解析：此空设于段中，与上一句构成递进关系，说明当你想从电梯人群中挤出来时要慢但要有力。
5．E 解析：此空设于段首，是本段主题句，同时，本段是一个总结段，主要强调乘坐电梯时务必让其他乘客感到舒服，下文中的not upset anyone等都是对该主题句的具体阐释。
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Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
keep it up 保持优秀成绩；继续干下去
(经典例句)I’ve been working twelve hours on end, but I shall not be able to keep it up.
我已经连续工作12个小时了，但是我不能这样继续下去了。
keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
keep up (with) 赶上……；不落在……后面
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
①Keep it up and you are bound to succeed.
继续干下去，你一定会成功的。
②The modern world has been developing very fast. Every country must keep up with the time.
现代世界一直在飞快地发展。每个国家都必须与时俱进。
[能力提升]——微写作
面对目前的挑战，最重要的是保持良好的身体状态。
In face of challenge for the moment, it’s the most important to keep__up__a__good__state__of__health.
fit in 相适应；相融和
(经典例句)I tried to fit in but they were all much younger than I was.
我努力融入他们，但他们都比我年轻得多。
(1)fit in with sb.(＝get along well with sb.)
与某人相处融洽
fit in with...(＝agree with...) 与……相符；与……相一致；适应
(2)be fit for/to do sth. 适合做某事/胜任做某事
keep fit 保持健康
①As far as I’m concerned, boarding in the British family helps me to fit in with life abroad.
在我看来，寄宿在英国家庭能帮助我适应国外的生活。
②Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature.
运动有助于你保持健康并且接触大自然。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Sharing with friends helped me bring back my confidence and fit in with others.
②He has had a bad cold and isn’t fit enough for work yet.
[能力提升]——一句多译
尽管他来这儿已经差不多一年了，可是还是不适应这儿的气候。
③Even though he has been here for almost one year, he hasn’t____fitted__in__with__the__climate here.
④Even though he has been here for almost one year, the climate here hasn’t__agreed__with__him．
preparation n．[U]预备，准备 [C]安排，准备工作(常用复数)
(教材P38)She is halfway through the preparation year, which most foreign students complete before applying for a degree course.
大多数外籍学生在申请学位课程学习之前都要学一年预科，而谢蕾已经读完半年了。
(1)(be) in preparation 在准备中
in preparation for 为……做好准备
make preparations (for) (为……)做准备
(2)prepare vt. 准备
be/get prepared for/to do... 对……有所准备
①Plans for selling the new products are now in preparation.
新产品的销售计划现在正在准备之中。
②We should improve our study methods and get well prepared for the College Entrance Examination.
我们应该改进我们的学习方法，为高考做好充分的准备。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷)It’s never too early to make necessary preparations(prepare) for a healthy and meaningful college experience.
②Well prepared(prepare) for the job interview, he was more confident.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)因此，迫切需要充分的准备，包括实践、营养和完善的计划。
As a result，adequate__preparation__is__urgently__needed,__including practice, nutrition and a perfect plan.
recommend vt.推荐；建议；介绍；劝告
(教材P38)Xie Lei highly recommends it.
谢蕾强力推荐它(预科课程)。
(1)recommend doing sth. 建议做某事
recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend that sb.(should) do sth.
建议某人做某事(从句用虚拟语气)
(2)recommend sb. sth. 向某人推荐某物
recommend sth. to sb. 把某物推荐给某人
recommend sb. as... 推荐某人为……
①(2019·江苏卷)Li Jiang recommends the traditional Chinese dress while Su Hua prefers the school uniform.
李江推荐传统的中国服装，然而苏华更喜欢校服。
②I hope our teachers can recommend more interesting books and magazines to us and give us more free time to read them.
我希望老师能给我们推荐一些更有趣的书和杂志，给我们更多的自由时间进行阅读。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(2017·北京卷)Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, both are highly recommended(recommend)．
②My English teacher recommended buying(buy) an English－Chinese dictionary which he thought would be of great help to my studies.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)The doctor strongly advised/suggested limiting the amount of fat in my diet.
(高级表达)The doctor strongly recommended limiting the amount of fat in my diet.
comfort n．舒适；安慰 vt.安慰
(教材P38)Also, when I miss my family, it’s a great comfort to have a substitute family to be with.
还有，当我想家的时候，寄宿家庭就可以代替我家人，和他们在一起给了我很大的安慰。
(1)be a comfort 是个安慰
in comfort 舒适地，舒服地
(2)comfort...with 以……安慰；以……使舒适
(3)comfortable adj. 安乐的，舒适的；
令人感到安慰的
comfortably adv. 舒适地
①It’s a comfort to know that they have settled down.
得知他们已经安定下来真令人宽慰。
②Though we are busy sometimes we can live in comfort after work.
尽管我们有时很忙，但下班后可以过得很舒适。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①She comforted(comfort) herself that she might get the assistance of her companions.
②Working as a tailor can hardly enable him to live in comfort.
③In modern times, people have to learn to live with all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable(comfort) life.
requirement n．要求，必要条件，需要
(教材P38)Xie Lei’s preparation course is helping her to get used to the academic requirements of a Western university.
谢蕾的预科课程帮助她熟悉了西方大学在学术方面的要求。
(1)meet/satisfy one’s requirement(s) 达到/满足某人的要求
(2)require vt. 需要
require doing/to be done 需要做
require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
require that sb. (should) do sth. 要求某人做某事
①I’ve learnt English for 10 years and I can speak English fluently, but I wonder if there are any further requirements.
我学了十年英语因此会说一口流利的英语，但是我还是想知道是否还有更多的要求。
②He required that we (should) participate in the discussion.
他要求我们参加讨论。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The situation required us to__make(make) an immediate decision.
②The situation required that we (should)__make(make) an immediate decision.
[能力提升]——一句多译
所有学生都要于早上7点在学校门口集合，然后步行去公园。
③All the students are__required__to__gather__at__the__school__gate at 7：00 am and then go to the park on foot.(require)
④My__requirement__is__that__all__the__students__should__gather at the school gate at 7：00 am and then go to the park on foot.(requirement)
acknowledge vt.承认；确认；答谢
(教材P38)First of all, he told me, I couldn’t write what other people had said without acknowledging them.
他告诉我，首先，我不能把别人的话写下来而不表示感谢。
(1)acknowledge
It is widely/generally acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的
(2)acknowledgement n． 承认；感谢
①He acknowledged donating/having donated a great deal of money to the flooded area.
他承认给洪灾地区捐了许多钱。
②She is generally acknowledged to be one of the greatest pianists in the world.
＝It is generally acknowledged that she is one of the greatest pianists in the world.
她是世界上公认的最优秀的钢琴家之一。
[能力提升]——一句多译
正如大家所公认的，除非我们创造一个污染更少的世界，否则我们不可能看到更蓝的天空。
①It__is__acknowledged__that we can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world.(it作形式主语)
②As__is__acknowledged，we can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world.(定语从句)
occupy vt.忙着(做某事)，使忙于(做某事); 占用；占领；占据
(教材P39)I have been so occupied with work that I haven’t had time for social activities.
我一直忙于学习，以至于没有时间去参加社会活动。
①He would have attended your birthday party but he had occupied himself with a very important experiment.
他本来想参加你的生日晚会，但是他忙于一个非常重要的实验。
②As a matter of fact, these activities occupied most of my time.
事实上，这些活动占去了我大部分的时间。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Later I went to a café to have lunch, but all the tables were__occupied(occupy)．
②Choosing an occupation(occupy) takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about.
[能力提升]——一句多译
她一整天都忙于家务，累得筋疲力尽。(occupy)
③She was__occupied__in__doing__housework all day, so she was tired out.
④Occupied__in__doing__housework all day, she was tired out.(过去分词作状语)
⑤Occupying__herself__in__doing__housework all day, she was tired out.(现在分词作状语)
It was the first time (that) ...第一次做某事
(教材P38)It was the first time she had ever left her motherland.
这是她第一次离开自己的祖国。
(1)“It/This/That＋was＋the first/second/...time (that)＋过去完成时”表示“某人第一/二/……次……”；
(2)“It/This/That＋is＋the first/second/...time(that)＋现在完成时”表示“某人第一/二/……次……”；
(3)It’s high time that sb. did/should do sth.是该某人做某事的时候了。
①This is the first time that I have been away from my family for such a long time.
这是我第一次离开家这么长时间。
②It was the first time that he had met with such a tough problem.
这是他第一次遇到如此棘手的问题。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①It was the third time that she had__come(come) to this mountain village to see the children.
②It’s high time that we took/should__take(take) effective measures to protect our environment.
as far as one is concerned意为“就某人而言；依某人看来”，在句中作插入语
(教材P38)Besides, as far as he was concerned, what other people thought was not the most important thing.
此外，他认为别人的想法并不是最重要的。
as/so far as one is concerned表示“就……而言”。其他常用的as...as...的短语有：
as far as I know 就我所知
as far as the eye can see 就视力所能及
as far as one can/could 尽某人所能
①As far as I’m concerned, the academic requirements are hard to get used to.
就我而言，这些学术要求很难适应。
②So/As far as he was concerned, things were going well.
就他而言，一切顺利。
[能力提升]——词汇替换
(普通表达)(2017· 浙江卷11月)In my opinion/view, you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.
③(高级表达)As__far__as__I’m__concerned,__you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.
④(高级表达)From__my__point__of__view,__you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.
品句填词
1．Why are you still here? The staff have gone to attend the lecture(演讲) by the professor from Oxford University.
2．Such a nice house is comfortable(舒适的) to live in, but I can’t afford it.
3．In other words, only applicants with proper qualifications(资历) will be first considered.
4．Faced with so adequate evidence, the young man had to acknowledge(承认) that he had stolen the car.
5．My phone has been used for four years and it is running slowly now. I think I should substitute(用……代替……) a new one for the old one.
6．The young man expresses his love for his motherland(祖国) in his novels and essays.
7．We need a spirit of enterprise(事业心) if we are to overcome our difficulties.
8．People had to stand in a queue(队列) for hours to buy a ticket.
9．I have been recommended(建议) to go to a big city to find a better job.
10．As far as I’m concerned, business training is a good preparation(准备) for any career.
单句改错
1．Doctors strongly recommended that my father must take more exercises regularly.must→should或去掉must
2．When I felt upset, it was great comfort to be with you.在great前加a
3．I was feeling a bit nervous because it was the first time that I left my village to a big city.在left前加had
4．Only after he was brought to the police station did the young man acknowledged he had stolen some purses from other passengers.acknowledged→acknowledge
5．Having lived in the city for a long time, I found I could fit in the life of the countryside more.在第二个in后加with
完成句子
1．对亨利来说一切事情都是陌生的，因为那是他第一次坐飞机。
Everything was strange to Henry, because it__was__the__first__time__he__had__taken a plane.
2．就我而言，我认为出国学习对孩子们来说很有利。
As__far__as__I’m__concerned,__I think studying abroad is very beneficial to children.
3．苏珊忙于复习功课，因此她今晚没时间和我们一起吃饭。
Susan is__occupied__with__going__over__her__lessons,__so she will have no time to have dinner with us tonight.
4．在亨利绝望的时候，是他父亲的信给他带来了些许安慰。
When Henry was desperate, it__was his father’s letter that brought him some comfort.
5．随着期末考试的临近，我们最好做充分的准备。
With__the__final__examination__approaching，we’d better make__full__preparations__for it.
课文语法填空
It has been half a year since Xie Lei, a 21－year－old Chinese girl, went to London to study for a business 1.qualification(qualify). It was the first time she 2.had__left(leave) China, so she found it hard 3.to__adjust(adjust) to a whole new way of life, which could take up all her concentration in the beginning. She had to learn almost everything again in her daily life.
Now, Xie Lei lives with a host family, 4.which gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture. Besides, the host family is a substitute family to be with when she misses her family.
Xie Lei is halfway through the preparation year, which most foreign students complete before 5.applying(apply) for a degree course. Xie Lei thinks highly of the course, because it helps her get used to the academic 6.requirements(require) of a Western university and prepare for her future studies.
Studying in England is quite different from studying in China. Xie Lei was numb 7.with shock when her first essay 8.was__given(give) an E. Her tutor told her to read lots of different texts, analyse what she has read, and give her own opinion.
9．Gradually(gradual), her marks have improved and she is now a more autonomous learner. Xie Lei is trying to have 10.a balance between study and a social life. Hopefully, she’ll make some new friends.
单句语法填空
1．Look! A large crowd of fans are__queuing(queue) up for the pop star’s autograph.
2．Professor Lee is__acknowledged(acknowledge) to be the highest authority on the subject.
3．After all the requirements(require) have been met, students receive their degree in that major.
4．Previous teaching experience is an essential qualification(qualify) for this position.
5．Mr Brown was busy drafting(draft) the first chapter when I visited him yesterday afternoon.
6．Now, Jane is trying her best to make preparations(prepare) for the coming job interview.
7．It doesn’t matter whether you receive the best academic(academy) training from a top university.
8．I don’t know your preferences, so please help yourself and make yourself comfortable(comfort)．
9．My sister highly recommended(recommend) reading the book before I saw the movie Alice in Wonderland.
10．I hope that it is the last time that you have__made(make) such a foolish mistake.
阅读理解
My first term at MIT(麻省理工学院) was awesome — I got all A’s, and I declared math as my major. My parents were expecting me to become a doctor like them so I was trying to satisfy them. But I was desperately running away from them. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life. My third term, I ended up with a D in math. I didn’t do that well in my other classes, either. It seemed like all my friends were doing so well, getting opportunities over the summers.
My fifth term, I realized that I was awful at higher?level math. I had lost all confidence in myself. I went to a few classes at the beginning of the term, but after the midterm, I totally stopped. My only relief was the dance team I was on. I would sleep all day, and then go to dance practice, and then go back to sleep. As expected, I failed in all of my classes and had to withdraw from MIT.
I had no choice but to tell my parents. Instead of yelling or hitting me, though, they just held me and cried. The next day, my dad took a day off from work and took me to a nearby, small arts college.
I had lost all confidence in myself. Before my first biology test, I didn’t think I could pass. I did pass. Since I had so much free time, I decided to join a biology lab. I realized that was what I wanted to do! I wanted to be a scientist!
This past May, I graduated with the highest honors, and now I have my PhD in biology. Though it ended up taking me 5 years to graduate from college, I can say now that dropping out of MIT was one of the best things that ever happened to me. I’ve realized that a person is not their grades. I’ve realized how much my parents loved me. I’ve finally discovered my passion(热情) in life!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名麻省理工学院学生在退学后又经过努力，找到自己的兴趣和目标的故事。
1．How was the author’s first term at MIT?
A．He was busy with exams.
B．He knew his goals clearly.
C．He did well in all subjects.
D．He was fed up with math.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的My first term at MIT(麻省理工学院) ...got all A’s可知，作者第一学期各科成绩都很好。
2．How did the author’s parents react to his failing at MIT?
A．They hit him.
B．They yelled at him.
C．They quit their jobs to teach him.
D．They forgave him for what he did.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的Instead of yelling ...took me to a nearby, small arts college.可知，作者的父母没有因为他退学而责罚他，而是原谅了他。
3．In the arts college, the author ________．
A．rebuilt his confidence
B．volunteered at many labs
C．found it hard to learn biology
D．hated the learning environment
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，作者在新学校里逐渐找回了自信。
4．What do we know about the author from the last paragraph?
A．He felt sorry for his parents.
B．He discovered his true interest.
C．He realized the importance of grades.
D．He felt ashamed of his failing at MIT.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据末段中的最后一句可知，作者找到了自己的兴趣所在。
完形填空
I was very fortunate to be chosen by Kindspring to receive $100 for the monthly kindness competition. This past October I __1__ some Inspiration Trees and they have helped to make a __2__ in people’s lives.
The idea is simple. I took a lot of fallen branches that I had been __3__ on walks and out at my parents’ land and hung them from the ceiling(天花板) with the help of volunteers and friends. I got a lot of art supplies and as people came in for the art exhibit, they were __4__ to create a piece of art or a(n) __5__ message to hang from the branches.
The tree changed into this really funny way of __6__ positive messages. If you hung a message up, you had to take one down to __7__. The experience was really __8__．People of all ages and from all walks of life were sharing art and inspiration through the __9__．
With the $100 I __10__ from Kindspring, I made more Inspiration Trees. I took one to a __11__ where I am a student teaching in a 6th grade special education classroom. They have already been __12__ the tree on a daily basis. It encourages them to __13__ and learn to spell, but most importantly they want to spread __14__ by leaving positive messages for other students. The beautiful thing is that the messages they take can have a great __15__. On a tough day, they can pull out the messages and be reminded of kindness and get encouragement and __16__．
I made more trees, and I am __17__ them all over our community, such as classrooms and youth shelters for homeless teens. The __18__ is to create communication that is positive and influence people’s lives by just doing a __19__ act of kindness. The messages people receive can be kept with them forever as a reminder of the __20__ in the world.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者制作了励志树并帮助人们互相鼓励的故事。
1．A.showed B．bought
C．found D．made
D 解析：根据下文中作者制作励志树的描述可知，在过去的十月里，作者“制作了(made)”一些励志树。
2．A.difference B．mark
C．rule D．promise
A 解析：根据最后一段中的to create communication that is positive and influence people’s lives可知，这些励志树对人们的生活“产生了影响(make a difference)”。
3．A.counting B．collecting
C．accepting D．placing
B 解析：根据空前的I took a lot of fallen branches可知，这些树枝是作者在路上或者父母家的田地里“收集(collecting)”的。
4．A.ordered B．allowed
C．encouraged D．chosen
C 解析：根据本段中的as people came in for the art exhibit ...message to hang from the branches及下文中的positive messages可知，当有人到来，作者就会“鼓励(encouraged)”他们创作一件艺术作品或者写下一些“积极的(positive)”话语挂在树枝上。
5．A.short B．hidden
C．positive D．important
C 解析：见上题解析。
6．A.carrying B．sending
C．leaving D．exchanging
D 解析：根据本段中的If you hung a message up, you had to take one down可知，这棵树成了一种有趣的“交换(exchanging)”积极信息的方式。
7．A.remember B．keep
C．deliver D．rewrite
B 解析：根据最后一段中的The messages people receive can be kept with them forever可知，当人们在树枝上挂上一张信息卡的同时，也要取下一张自己“保留(keep)”。
8．A.amazing B．strange
C．direct D．painful
A 解析：根据下一句中的People of all ages ...sharing art and inspiration可知，这种经历是“令人惊喜的(amazing)”。
9．A.room B．tree
C．card D．pen
B 解析：根据上文中的create a piece of art ...message to hang from the branches及The tree changed into this really funny way ...positive messages.可知，人们通过这棵“树(tree)”来分享艺术和鼓励。
10．A.raised B．earned
C．received D．borrowed
C 解析：根据第一段第一句I was very fortunate to be chosen by Kindspring to receive $100 for the monthly kindness competition.可知，作者从Kindspring“获得了(received)”100美元。
11．A.school B．hospital
C．park D．library
A 解析：根据空后的a student teaching in a 6th grade special education classroom可知，作者把一棵励志树带到了一所“学校(school)”里。
12．A.planting B．decorating
C．adjusting D．using
D 解析：根据本段中的on a daily basis及It encourages them to ... learn to spell可知，那里的师生已经把励志树“用(using)”到了每天的教学中。它能帮助他们学习“书写(write)”和拼写。
13．A.record B．practice
C．think D．write
D 解析：见上题解析。
14．A.news B．kindness
C．knowledge D．trust
B 解析：根据本句中的spread...by leaving positive messages for other students可知，励志树还可以帮助他们传播“善意(kindness)”。
15．A.hit B．impression
C．relief D．influence
D 解析：根据本段中的On a tough day ...be reminded of kindness and get encouragement可知，同学们得到的信息能对他们产生重大的“影响(influence)”。在艰难的日子里，他们可以把这些卡片拿出来以提醒自己这个世界的美好，并得到鼓励和“勇气(courage)”。
16．A.courage B．protection
C．information D．improvement
A 解析：见上题解析。
17．A.running B．organising
C．putting D．storing
C 解析：根据本段中的all over our community, such as classrooms and youth shelters for homeless teens可知，作者制作了更多的励志树，并把它们“放(putting)”在很多地方。
18．A.example B．job
C．idea D．question
C 解析：根据本段中的to create communication ...act of kindness可知，这个“点子(idea)”是要促进积极的交流，并且通过一个“简单的(simple)”善举影响人们的生活。
19．A.private B．simple
C．creative D．brave
B 解析：见上题解析。
20．A.good B．honesty
C．politeness D．richness
A 解析：根据倒数第二段中的they can pull out the messages and be reminded of kindness可知，人们保留的这些信息能够提醒他们这个世界的“美好(good)”。
短文改错
I’m writing to request a valuable chance to be one of the host family for the British students.Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, our large fully?equipped apartment meets all their needs.In addition the convenient public transportation, our own car can also take them to some nearby place of interest.With fluent English, I’m sure I will have no difficulty communicate with them.Above all, we has hosted two British students last year, through it we’ve gained lots of experience.What’s more, my mother is a good cooker and can guarantee us a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.I would greatly appreciate you if I could have the chance to host them and make friends with them.
答案：
I’m writing to request a valuable chance to be one of the host for the British students. in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, our large fully?equipped apartment meets all their needs.In addition the convenient public transportation, our own car can also take them to some nearby of interest.With fluent English, I’m sure I will have no difficulty with them.Above all, we hosted two British students last year, through we’ve gained lots of experience.What’s more, my mother is a good and can guarantee a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.I would greatly appreciate if I could have the chance to host them and make friends with them.
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Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.routine n． 常规；日常事务
adj. 通常的；例行的
2.optional adj. 可选择的；随意的
3.agent n． 代理人；经纪人
4.parallel adj. 平行的；相同的；类似的
5.destination n. 目的地
拓展词汇
6.apology n．道歉；谢罪→apologize v．道歉
7.abundant adj.丰富的；充裕的→abundance n．丰富；充足
8.govern vt.& vi.统治；支配；管理→government n．治理；管理；政府
阅读词汇
9.seminar n． (专题)研讨会
10.videophone n． 可视电话
11.minibus n． 小型公共汽车
12.cage n. 鸟笼；兽槛
13.battery n． 电池(组)；电瓶；炮台
14.oilfield n. 油田
15.inn n. 客栈
16.tomb n. 坟墓
重点短语
1.make__an__apology__to... 向……道歉
2．day__in__and__day__out 日复一日
3．be__parallel__to... 与……平行；与……相似
4．gain__one’s__independence 获得独立
5．out__of__the__question 不可能的；不值得讨论的
6.a__variety__of 各种各样的
7．close__up/up__close 近距离地
8．in__the__company__of... 有……的陪伴
9．settle__in (迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来
重点句型
1.完全倒装句式：In__the__high__plains__area__is__Lake__Titicaca(位于高原地区的的的喀喀湖), the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel.
2．as 引导原因状语从句：It is a popular tourist destination as__it__is__close__to(因为它离……近) the famous Inca ruins of the city of Machu Picchu.
3．祈使句：Admire the Spanish architecture, enjoy some excellent Spanish cuisine and take__some__time__to__bargain__for__some__souvenirs(花点时间讨价还价买点纪念品) at the colourful markets.
Fast?reading
Skim the text and do the following exercises.
1．What does the text Peru talk about?
①The location.
②The geographical characteristics.
③The official languages.
④Plants and the most popular tourist destination of the country.
⑤The history.
⑥The weather and economy.
答案：①②④⑤
2．Match the main ideas with the tours.
Tour 1 A．Four days high in the Andes at Cuzco：museums，
Spanish cuisine and architecture, and Machu Picchu.
Tour 2 B．The jungle, diverse wildlife, mountain scenery
and the ancient ruins.
Tour 3 C．An exploration to the Amazon Jungle.
Tour 4 D．The views of the highland countryside, Lake Titicaca, and the Uros Indian’s life.
答案：BDAC
Careful?reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Cuzco is popular with tourists because ________．
A．it was once the capital of Peru
B．it is close to the famous Inca ruins of the city of Machu Picchu
C．it is in the high mountains
D．it is near the high mountains
2．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Lake Titicaca is not the highest lake in the world.
B．Spain once ruled Peru and Spanish culture affected Peru greatly.
C．The Uros Indian’s houses are made of land plants.
D．You cannot accommodate in a forest reserve.
3．Why did the writer write the passage?
A．To introduce Peru briefly and attract readers to travel there.
B．To describe Peru in detail.
C．To show the beautiful scenery to readers.
D．To attract readers to Peru.
答案：1－3.BBA
①Peru[p?'ru?]n.秘鲁(南美国家)
②on the coast of在……的海岸线上
③geographical[?d?I?'ɡr?fIkl]
adj.地理(学)的
④coastal adj.沿海的；靠近海岸的
⑤the Andes['?ndi?z] Mountains安第斯山脉
⑥parallel['p?r?lel]adj.平行的；相同的；类似的
run/be parallel to/with
与……平行
⑦Lake Titicaca[?tItI'kɑ?kɑ?]
的的喀喀湖
⑧abundant[?'b?nd?nt]adj.
丰富的；充裕的
be abundant in＝be rich in富有……
反义短语：be short of缺乏……
⑨Inca['I?k?]Empire印加帝国
⑩govern['ɡ?vn]vt.&vi.统治；支配；管理
government n．政府
?onwards['?nw?dz]adv.向前地；前进地
upwards向上；downwards
向下；outwards向外；inwards
向内；westwards向西
?gain one’s independence
获得独立
?Lima['li?m?]n.利马(秘鲁首都)
?Cuzco['k?sk??]n.库斯科(秘鲁南部城市)
?destination[?destI'neI?n]n.
目的地
?ruin n．废墟；崩溃，垮掉
v．毁坏，断送
be/lie in ruins(建筑物)
倒塌，破败不堪；(生活、国家经济等)崩溃，垮掉
fall into ruin＝go to ruin
(因缺乏照料而)衰落，败落
?Machu Picchu[?mɑ?t?u? 'pi?kt?u?]马丘比丘(秘鲁)
?inn[In]n.客栈
?a variety of许多的；各种各样的
同义短语：varieties of; various kinds of
?centuries?old adj.有几百年历史的
taste n．口味；爱好，喜好
develop a taste for sth.开始喜欢某事物
civilization n．文明
the Inca civilization 印加文明
diverse adj.种类不同的
close up靠近，接近
be amazed by/at对……叹为观止，对……惊叹
scenery n．[U]风景，风光
hike[haIk]vi.& n．远足；
徒步旅行
go hiking远足；徒步旅行
in time to see...及时
看到……
in time to do sth.及时赶上做某事
Puno['pu?n??]n.普诺(秘鲁)
fantastic adj.极好的；奇异的；难以置信的
the Uros people乌罗族人
opportunity n．机会
give sb. an opportunity to do sth. 给某人做某事的机会
have an opportunity to do sth.有机会做某事，有做某事的机会
admire vt.羡慕；钦佩
admire sb. for sth. 因某事/某物羡慕某人
architecture n．建筑
cuisine n．菜肴
bargain v．讨价还价 n．便宜货
bargain with sb. for/over sth.因某物/某事与某人讨价还价
It’s a bargain.很便宜。
souvenir n．纪念品
tomb[tu?m]n.坟墓
the Amazon['?m?z?n]Jungle亚马孙河热带丛林
accommodation n．住所；住宿
reserve n．保护区
hold the record保持纪录
company n．陪伴
in the company of sb.(＝in one’s company)在某人的陪伴下,
Peru①
Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of② South America. It has three main geographical③ areas：a narrow coastal④ belt; the Andes Mountains⑤ running parallel⑥ to the coast；and high, flat plains in the southeast. In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca⑦， the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel. Peru has abundant⑧ plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.
◆现在分词短语running parallel to the coast作后置定语，修饰the Andes Mountains。
◆此句中，In the...Titicaca是完全倒装句，on which...是非限制性定语从句。
Once the centre of the powerful and extremely wealthy Inca Empire⑨， much of South America was governed ⑩ by Spain from the sixteenth century onwards?. Peru finally gained its independence? from Spain in 1821. The capital of Peru is Lima?， which is in the north on the coast. The ancient Inca capital, Cuzco?， is found high in the Andes. It is a popular tourist destination? as it is close to the famous Inca ruins? of the city of Machu Picchu?. Cuzco is a lively city with many hotels and inns? , where both Indian and Spanish culture and art can be seen．
◆此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Lima。
◆此处为where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰a lively city。
1．Why is Cuzco popular with tourists?
2．What is special about Lake Titicaca?
3．What do you think the two official languages of Peru are？
◆该句为双重疑问句，do you think是插入语，放在疑问词之后。
PERU
Peru offers a variety of? experiences from ancient ruins and centuries?old? Spanish villages to thick forests, high mountains and desert coastline. TRAVEL PERU offers tours for all ages and tastes. The following tours are based at Cuzco, the site of the ancient capital of the Inca civilization.
◆the site of the ancient capital of ...作Cuzco的同位语。
Tour 1
Experience the jungle and its diverse wildlife close up. During this four?day walking tour, you will be amazed by mountain scenery and the ancient ruins we pass on our hike. On the last day, we arrive at the ruins of Machu Picchu in time to see the sunrise over the Andes. Spend the day visiting the ruins of this ancient Inca city before catching the train back to Cuzco.
◆four－day walking tour 4天的徒步旅行，four－day是复合形容词，作定语，此时day不用复数形式。动名词walking作定语，修饰tour。
◆we pass on our hike是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰the ancient ruins。
Tour 2
A full?day trip by road from Cuzco to Puno with fantastic views of the highland countryside. From Puno, we travel by boat across Lake Titicaca, stopping on the way at the floating islands of the Uros people. These floating islands and the Uros Indian’s houses are made of the water plants that grow in the lake. A full?day stay with a local family gives you an opportunity to learn more about their life. Return to Puno on the fourth day for your flight back to Lima.
◆现在分词短语stopping on the way ...作状语，起补充说明的作用。
◆动名词floating作定语，修饰islands。
◆此处为that引导的定语从句，修饰the water plants, that在从句中作主语。
Tour 3
Spend four days high in the Andes at Cuzco. Learn about its history and visit the museums. Admire the Spanish architecture, enjoy some excellent Spanish cuisine and take some time to bargain for some souvenirs at the colourful markets. Take the train up to Machu Picchu for a guided tour of the ruins and the royal tomb of the Inca king.
◆整个段落都运用了祈使句，使文段简洁紧凑。
Tour 4
A short flight from Cuzco takes you from the Andes into the lowlands of the Amazon Jungle. From here you’ll travel by boat to your accommodation in a forest reserve，which holds the record for the most bird sightings in one area. From the guesthouse you can explore the jungle in the company of a local guide.
◆此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰a forest reserve。
秘鲁
秘鲁是南美洲临太平洋海岸的一个国家。从地理上讲，秘鲁有三大地区：狭长的临海地带，与海岸平行的安第斯山脉以及东南部地势较高的平原地区。位于高原地区的的的喀喀湖是世界上海拔最高的湖，湖上可以行船。从荒漠草原到广阔的丛林地区，秘鲁有着丰富的植被。
秘鲁曾经是强盛且极为富裕的印加帝国的中心，从16世纪起，南美洲许多地区都是由西班牙统治的。秘鲁最终于1821年脱离西班牙而独立。秘鲁的首都是利马，位于北部的临海地区。人们发现古印加帝国的首都库斯科位于安第斯的高山之上。这儿是颇受欢迎的旅游目的地，因为它离马丘比丘城著名的印加遗址很近。库斯科有很多旅店和小客栈，是一座富有活力的城市，在那儿你可以看到印第安和西班牙的文化艺术。
1．为什么库斯科是游客喜欢去的地方？
2．的的喀喀湖有什么特别之处？
3．你认为秘鲁有哪两种官方语言？
秘鲁游
秘鲁提供了各种各样的旅游资源，从古代的遗址、具有数百年历史的西班牙式的村庄，到茂密的森林、耸立的高山和临海的沙漠。“秘鲁之旅”为各个年龄段的和不同品位的人提供旅游服务。下列旅游项目都是从库斯科出发，库斯科是印加文化的古都所在地。
旅游路线1
体验丛林，近距离观赏各种各样的野生生物。在四天的徒步旅游中，山区的风景和步行途经的古代遗址将会令你叹为观止。最后一天我们到达马丘比丘遗址，正好赶得上去安第斯山上观看日出。 白天参观古印加城的遗址，然后乘火车返回库斯科。
旅游路线2
全日乘车旅游，从库斯科到普诺，观赏高原乡村的秀丽景色。我们从普诺乘船穿过的的喀喀湖，半途停歇在乌罗族人的浮岛上。这些浮岛和乌罗印第安人的房子都是用湖里的水草做成的。有一整天的时间待在当地居民的家里，这样你会有机会更多地了解他们的生活。第四天返回普诺，再乘飞机返回利马。
旅游路线3
在库斯科的安第斯高山上玩四天，了解它的历史，参观博物馆。观赏西班牙式的建筑，品尝西班牙美味，在五颜六色的市场花些时间讨价还价买点纪念品。乘火车去马丘比丘，由导游陪同去参观遗址和印加国王的皇家墓地。
旅游路线4
从库斯科乘飞机作短途飞行，从安第斯山到亚马孙河热带丛林的低地。从这里你可以乘船到森林保护区的下榻处。这个护林区保持着一项观鸟纪录，即在一个地区可以看到最多的鸟类。你还可以在当地导游的陪同下，从住处出发去丛林探险。
apology n．道歉；谢罪
(教材P40)Sara acknowledged her mistake and made an apology immediately.
莎拉承认了错误并且立刻道歉。
(1)make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
owe sb.an apology 应向某人道歉
(2)apologize vi. 道歉
apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉
①(全国卷Ⅲ)I’m writing to make an apology to you for not being able to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
我写信向你道歉，因为星期五下午不能和你一起去书店了。
②I’m afraid I was rather bad－tempered yesterday. I think I owe you an apology.
恐怕我昨天的脾气不怎么好，我认为应该向你道歉。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He smiled politely as Mary apologized(apologize) to him for not going to his party.
②I would appreciate it if you could accept my apology(apologize) and forgive me.
[能力提升]——一句多译
老师建议我为不能守约向你道歉。
③My teacher made a suggestion that I should apologize__to__you__for failing to keep the appointment.
④My teacher recommended me to make__an__apology to you for failing to keep the appointment.
day in and day out 日复一日
(教材P40)Day in and day out I follow almost the same routine. 我几乎天天都是这样做的。
day after day 日复一日，一天又一天
day by day 一天天地
day and night 日日夜夜
①Day in and day out, no matter what the weather is like, she walks ten miles.
不管天气如何，她每天步行十英里。
②He often went to see the tree he planted and found it taller and taller day by day.
他常去看他栽的那棵树，发现它一天天地长高了。
[能力提升]——微写作
在过去的两年里，这个年轻人日复一日地工作，没有假期。
In the past two years, the young man has been working__day__in__and__day__out without a holiday.
abundant adj.丰富的；充裕的
(教材P43)Peru has abundant plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.
从荒漠草原到广阔的丛林地区，秘鲁有着丰富的植被。
(1)be abundant in 富有……；……很丰富
(2)abundance n． 丰富；充裕
an abundance of 大量的
in abundance 大量；充裕
①We have abundant evidence to prove he has no connection with the accident.
我们有充足的证据证明他与这个事故无关。
②There is a great abundance of sunshine here.
这里阳光充足。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Canada is the second largest country in the world and it has abundant(abundance) fresh water.
②It is well known that China has an abundance(abundant)of natural resources.
out of the question 不可能的；不值得讨论的
(教材P43)It’s out of the question.
那是不可能的。
out of question 没有问题，毫无疑问
beyond/without question 毫无疑问
①Without your help, finishing the task ahead of time would be out of the question.
没有你的帮助，提前完成任务是不可能的。
②It’s out of the question to raise so much money within such a short time.
在如此短的时间里筹集到那么多钱是不可能的。
[能力提升]——句型转换
①There is no possibility that he will meet the requirements set by the company, I think.
→As__far__as__I’m__concerned,__it__is__out__of__the__question for him to meet the requirements set by the company.
②There is no doubt that he will realize his ambition.
→It__is__out__of__question that he will realize his ambition.
有无the而相异的介词短语集锦：
①
②
③
settle in (迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来
(经典例句)We only moved house last week and we haven’t settled in yet.
我们上星期才搬的家，还没安顿下来呢。
(1)settle (oneself) down to sth. 安下心来做某事
settle down 静下来；舒舒服服地
坐下/躺下；定居
(2)settlement 解决；处理；协议
①They settled in a small village after they got married.
他们结婚后在一个小村子里安了家。
②Your future will be very promising as long as you settle down to your work.
只要你专心工作，你的未来是有希望的。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①With a lot of difficult problems to__settle(settle), the newly－elected president is having a hard time.
②There is little time left, so we should settle down to dealing(deal) with the urgent thing.
③It is reported that the strikers have reached a settlement(settle) with the employers.
介词短语位于句首，句子完全倒装
(教材P43)In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel.
位于高原地区的的的喀喀湖是世界上海拔最高的湖，湖上可以行船。
本句中主句采用了完全倒装形式，其自然语序为：Lake Titicaca is in the high plains area...常见的完全倒装句有以下几种：
(1)地点状语位于句首，主语为名词且谓语为不及物动词时，句子用完全倒装句；
(2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, out等置于句首时，句子用完全倒装。
①Around the lake lie sixteen mountains, which are covered with snow all the year round.
围绕着这个湖泊的是十六座山，它们终年积雪。
②In the center of the city is the biggest mall in the city.
市中心有一座此市最大的购物中心。
③There came shouts for help from the river.
从河边传来了呼救声。
[能力提升]——句式升级
(普通表达)An old building with a history of 200 years stands just in the middle of our school.
(高级表达)Just__in__the__middle__of__our__school__stands__an__old__building with a history of 200 years.(完全倒装)
品句填词
1．We finally arrived at our destination(目的地), tired and hungry.
2．I chose this university because of its strong cultural atmosphere as well as its high academic(学术的) status.
3．There is no fixed routine(日常事务) at work—every day is different.
4．The agent(经纪人) of the famous singer came up and stopped the reporters from taking pictures.
5．Mary took three optional(选修的) courses last semester.
6．The country is governed(管理) by elected represen－tatives of the people.
7．He made an apology(道歉) to me for hurting my feelings.
8．There is abundant(充足的) evidence that cars have a harmful effect on the environment.
9．When the red light comes on, you should recharge the battery(电池) so it is ready for the next time.
10．The old man wants to buy a cage(鸟笼) for birds.
选词填空
apply for; adjust to; day in and day out; keep it up; fit in; settle in; out of the question; take up
1．After graduating from university, Emily applied__for a post as an editor that she was suited for.
2．It is a little difficult for the students of Senior Two to adjust__to the new educational system.
3．Staying with her friends took__up most of her time, so Anna could hardly have any time to study.
4．It is the first time Helen has come to my house. I’m not sure if she can fit__in with my family.
5．For a whole year, Rose has been working day__in__and__day__out,__without a holiday for relaxation.
6．If the girl doesn’t control her diet, losing weight is out__of__the__question．
7．You can come and visit our new apartment after we settle__in．
8．We are tired, but we keep__it__up with remarkable enthusiasm.
完成句子
1．我们安顿下来后，我将邀请我的父母和我们一起住新房子。
When__we__settle__in,__I will invite my parents to stay with us in the new house.
2．下个月爱丽丝要在她丈夫的陪同下去参加她同事的婚礼。
Alice will attend her colleague’s wedding next month in__the__company__of__her__husband．
3．就这个孩子而言，习惯的养成比成绩更重要。
As__far__as__the__child__is__concerned,__developing habits is__more__important__than__ grades.
4．那个公园的环境非常好，以至于每周末都会有很多市民去那里放松。
The environment of the park is__so__good__that many citizens go there to relax every weekend.
5．这本小说很精彩，我已经读了三遍。
This novel, which__I__have__read__three__times,__is very wonderful.
课文语法填空
TRAVEL PERU offers tours for all ages and tastes. Here are four tours 1.based(base) at Cuzco, the site of the ancient capital of the Inca civilization.
The first is a four－day walking tour. You can experience the jungle and 2.its(it) diverse wildlife close up and be amazed by mountain scenery and the ancient ruins. You can also visit the ruins of Machu Picchu.
The 3.second(two) is a four－day tour. You can take a full－day trip by road from Cuzco to Puno. You can enjoy really fantastic views 4.of the highland countryside. From Ponu, you travel by boat across Lake Titicaca, stopping on the way at the 5.floating(float) islands of the Uros people. In addition, staying with a local family 6.helps(help) you learn more about their life.
The third is a four－day tour to the Andes at Cuzco. You can learn about its history and visit the 7.museums(museum), admire the Spanish architecture and enjoy some excellent Spanish cuisine. You can also go to Machu Picchu by train for 8.a guided tour of the ruins and the royal tomb of the Inca king.
The last is a trip to the lowlands of the Amazon Jungle. You can travel to your 9.accommodation(accommodate) in a forest reserve by boat, 10.which holds the record for the most bird sightings in one area.
单句语法填空
1．This island is abundant(abundance) in wildlife and attracts a great many researchers from all over the world.
2．The dog kept barking(bark) for help, but never left the side of its owner the whole night.
3．When Sophie made an apology(apologize) to the lady for stepping on her foot, she said nothing but smiled.
4．Our school will offer an optional(option) course on traditional Chinese painting next term.
5．Our government(govern) is taking measures to improve the quality of the urban air.
6．It is generally acknowledged(acknowledge) that learners themselves play a major role in mastering a foreign language.
7．That was the first time that I had__participated(participate) in the exchange study programme, which not only broadened my horizon but also improved my confidence.
8．It is recommended that you (should)__set(set) aside a few minutes every day to communicate with your family.
9．Occupying(occupy) herself with routine office tasks, she had no time to attend to her children.
10．It was dark and little Anne couldn’t find her way home. She really didn’t know what to__do(do)．
阅读理解
A
Some people shy away from travelling alone while a few welcome it. So, what is it that makes travelling alone an attractive option?
First of all, the travel plan and all the decisions you make are yours alone. You don’t need to worry about any other person or group. In other words, there are no arguments. Actually, you can be completely selfish.
Travelling alone is also a great confidence builder. Yes, at times it can feel a bit lonely, but that is just one of many problems you will have to solve yourself, along with making your own arrangements and setting your own goals.
Besides, have you noticed that when you’re on your own, people are more willing to start a conversation with you? Interestingly, people tend to keep a distance from couples and groups. However, the lone(孤单的) traveller looks ready to connect with their fellow human beings and more likely to get into pleasant conversation about their trips.
Here are two more exciting reasons why you should consider travelling alone. You will find you learn the language faster when you don’t have someone else talking to you in your own language all the time. You are forced to communicate in the foreign language when you travel alone in a country that doesn’t speak your native language. If that doesn’t convince you, there is the chance for adventure and even love. When you’re on your own, you’re free to meet someone who might turn out to be very important in your life.
Of course, there may be things holding you back: You fear the unknown, or you have friends who may be upset by your decision to take off by yourself. You will have to convince them of the value of travelling alone and allay any fears they might have, but with the technology at our fingertips, you can include them in the adventure.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了独自旅游的一些好处。
1．What is the first advantage of travelling alone mentioned by the author?
A．It helps you gain confidence.
B．It makes you free from worry.
C．It keeps you away from crowds.
D．It allows you to focus on yourself.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段可知，独自旅行时，你可以自己制定旅行计划，自己做决定，不必担心其他人或团体，没有争论。 由此可知，作者提到的第一个独自旅行的优点是：它能让你在旅行过程中完全按照自己的喜好行事。
2．Why are people more willing to connect with lone travellers?
A．They look interesting.
B．They are easily convinced.
C．It is much easier to approach them.
D．It’s safe to talk to a single individual.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的the lone(孤单的) traveller looks ready to connect with their fellow human beings可知，独自旅行的人看起来愿意和他人建立联系。也就是说，他们比较容易接近。
3．What does the underlined word “allay” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Express. B．Ease.
C．Analyse. D．Experience.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段画线单词所在句可知，此处主要是说如何应对朋友不愿让你独自旅游的情况。作者建议可以说服朋友，让他们认识到独自旅行的意义，并减轻他们的担心与害怕，而且通过一些唾手可得的科技，你随时可以和朋友保持联系，让他们加入你独自旅行的冒险历程中。所以allay的意思是“减轻，使缓和”。
4．Which of the following would the author agree with?
A．Having an adventure with your friends first.
B．Getting ready to come across the unknown.
C．Learning a foreign language before travelling.
D．Finding a travelling companion during your trip.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的there is the chance for adventure and even love和最后一段中的You fear the unknown可知，独自旅行可能是一场冒险，也可能让你邂逅真爱，所有这些都是未知的事物。但不要因为惧怕未知就不去独自旅行了，所以作者的言下之意是，要独自旅行就要做好随时遇到未知事物的准备。
B
There are all kinds of ways to go fishing. Probably one of the most interesting ways of catching fish is stilt fishing(立钓), something that is only found in the clear waters of Sri Lanka, an island in the Indian Ocean.
A fisherman takes a long piece of wood. At one end there is a crossbar(横梁) called a “petta”， which is where the fisherman sits. The wood is carried out a few metres into the water, and then pushed vertically(垂直地) into the sea floor. The fisherman climbs up to the petta, where he will sit two metres above the sea.
Fishing from this position requires great skill. The fisherman keeps his balance by holding onto the stilt beneath him with one hand. On his wrist he carries a bag made from coconut leaves. There he keeps his bait(鱼饵) and any fish he may catch. With the other hand, he casts(抛) his fishing line.
This style of fishing began during World War Ⅱ when there was not enough food in Sri Lanka. Crowds stood on the coastline trying to catch their next meal. The more adventurous fishermen came up with the idea of sitting on a stilt. They could keep away from the crowds and catch more fish. When the war came to an end, stilt fishing continued.
On 26th December 2004, Sri Lanka was hit by a disaster which killed many fishermen and destroyed much of its coastline. Fishing on stilts became less popular. It stops completely during the rainy season. As more tourists now visit Sri Lanka, fishermen have found they can earn more money if they allow their fishing stilts to be used by actors so tourists can take photographs of them. The actors know little more about fishing than the tourists themselves. However, if you look hard enough, you can sometimes find the real thing.
But whether they are real fishermen or actors, fishing on stilts does look marvelous—especially when the day is coming to an end and the sun begins to set. These photographs alone make you want to visit Sri Lanka!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了斯里兰卡海边的一道独特的风景线——立钓。
5．How do fishermen fish on stilts?
A．By sitting on a petta.
B．By standing in the water.
C．By keeping the bait in their hand.
D．By throwing their line with two hands.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的At one end there is a crossbar(横梁) called a “petta”， which is where the fisherman sits.可知，渔民坐在一个被称为“petta”的横梁上钓鱼。
6．Why did people restart fishing on stilts after 2004?
A．To solve food problems.
B．To keep this tradition alive.
C．To make money from travellers.
D．To keep away from the large crowds.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的As more tourists now visit Sri Lanka, fishermen have found they can earn more money if they allow their fishing stilts to be used by actors so tourists can take photographs of them.可知，2004年以后人们重操旧业，再次进行立钓的原因是为了吸引游客以从中赚取利益。
7．What does the underlined word “marvelous” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Funny. B．Strange.
C．Wonderful. D．Dangerous.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的especially when the day is coming to an end and the sun begins to set. These photographs alone make you want to visit Sri Lanka.可知，渔民或表演者在黄昏日落时钓鱼的景象非常美，单是他们钓鱼的照片就能激起你前往斯里兰卡的欲望。
8．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To introduce stilt fishing.
B．To show how to attract tourists.
C．To describe the history of stilt fishing.
D．To encourage people to visit Sri Lanka.
A 解析：写作目的题。根据文中作者对斯里兰卡立钓的方式、历史及现状的介绍可知，作者旨在为读者介绍斯里兰卡海边的一道独特的风景线——立钓。
七选五
How to Get By in a Foreign Country
Not knowing the local language is no reason not to travel. Here are some tips to get by from someone who does it all the time.
Download a language translation app.
Thanks to new inventions, travelling in foreign countries has become much easier. 1.________. Find an app that works for you. It’s best to find one that specializes in the language you need to translate especially if the language uses a character set you’re not familiar with, or is one you have difficulty pronouncing.
2．________．
Body language is an easy way to communicate with locals.Gestures are almost all globally understood. 3.________. In many countries, for example, nodding means “no”， and shaking your head means “yes”. So, a quick web search for the country you’re visiting and “gestures” or “body language” will turn up anything you need to be aware of before you go.
Hire(雇用) a local tour guide.
4．________. You can always search the web for local tour guides before you go, or find a guide through your hotel or a travel agent(旅行社)．
Learn a few key words.
Try learning basic words and phrases like “hello”， “thank you” and “I’m sorry”. 5.________．
A．Don’t speak to strangers
B．There are exceptions, however
C．Speak with your hands and head
D．A guide can always help you with locals
E．Many foreign language apps translate words on the spot
F．It is a form of respect and will go a long way to bring you closer to locals
G．Always try searching the internet when you meet some communication problems
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在不懂外语的情况下如何在一个国家旅行或生活。
1．E 解析：E项Many foreign language apps translate words on the spot呼应了设空处所在段落的小标题Download a language translation app.，故E项符合此处语境。
2．C 解析：根据设空处后的Body language和Gestures可知，本段主要讲述了利用肢体语言进行交流，故C项符合此处语境。
3．B 解析：设空处后的In many countries, for example, nodding means “no”， and shaking your head means “yes”．与设空处前的Gestures are almost all globally understood.形成转折关系，故B项符合此处语境。
4．D 解析：D项A guide can always help you with locals与设空处所在段落的小标题Hire(雇用) a local tour guide.相互呼应，故D项符合此处语境。
5．F 解析：设空处所在段落建议人们学习与当地人沟通的基本语言，F项It is a form of respect and will go a long way to bring you closer to locals是对其的解释：这是对当地人基本的尊重，故F项符合此处语境。
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Section Ⅳ Grammar
非限制性定语从句
1．(教材P38)Xie Lei, who is 21 years old, has come to our university to study for a business qualification.
2．(教材P38)She is halfway through the preparation year, which most foreign students complete before applying for a degree course.
3．(教材P38)“...You have to get used to a whole new way of life, which can take up all your concentration in the beginning，” explained Xie Lie，who had lived all her life in the same city in China.
4．(教材P38)Living with host families, in which there may be other college students, gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture.
5．(教材P38)He wanted to know what I thought，which confused me because I thought that the author of the article...I did.
非限制性定语从句的特点
1．非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附加说明，如去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。
◆Li Ming, who is my cousin, has gradually adjusted to the life in America.
李明是我表弟，他已经逐渐适应了美国的生活。
◆Our graduation will be held in July, when we will say goodbye to our teachers.
我们的毕业典礼将在七月举行，那时我们将和老师们告别。
◆(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Recently, an important volleyball game will be held in our campus, which will be not only meaningful but also exciting.
最近，一个重要的排球比赛将在我们的学校举行，这不仅是有意义的，而且令人兴奋。
2．非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个句子或其中一部分，且常译成并列的分句。
◆We’ll graduate in July, when we will be free.
我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。
◆(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Secondly, I can speak English correctly and fluently, which I think would be an advantage to communicate with the visitors. 其次，我能正确流利地说英语，我认为这将是一个与游客交流的优势。
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
1．关系代词
(1)which指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
◆A five－year－old girl can speak two foreign languages，which surprises all the people present.
一个五岁的小女孩会说两门外语，这使在场的所有人都感到惊讶。
(2)who/whom指人，who在从句中作主语，而whom在从句中作宾语。
◆Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.
彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。
(3)as既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
◆As is expected, Henry has been recommended as our monitor.
不出所料，亨利被推荐为我们的班长。
(4)whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。
◆Mr.Smith, whose foot was badly hurt, was quickly sent to the local hospital.
史密斯先生的脚受了重伤，他很快就被送到了当地医院。
2．关系副词
when指代时间，在从句中充当时间状语，可与“介词＋which”互换；where指代地点，在从句中充当地点状语，可与“介词＋which”互换。
◆(2019·天津卷)My classmates and I are more than delighted to hear that you’ll stay in our school for one week this summer vacation, when you’ll give us a presentation about art in western countries.
我和我的同学们非常高兴听到这个暑假你会在我们学校待一个星期，那时你会给我们展示西方国家艺术。
◆Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park，where/in which they had a good time.
昨天，他们去公园里野餐了，他们在那里玩得很开心。
(1)非限制性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
(2)非限制性定语从句中，不用why引导，用for which代替why。
◆He has been busy with his work the whole holiday, which has made his girlfriend unhappy.
他整个假期都忙于工作，这令他的女朋友很生气。
◆The reason, for which he was absent from the meeting，wasn’t given.
他为何缺席会议，没有给出任何理由。
as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
as which
指代 引导从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导从句既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导从句不能置于主句之前
意义 正如 这，那
功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句
◆As we all know, the earth moves around the sun.
众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
◆The singer, as was expected, achieved a great success.
正如所期盼的，这位歌手取得了巨大的成功。
◆(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Therefore, this time I will introduce Tang Poetry to you, which is of great help in learning Chinese.
因此，这次我将向你介绍唐诗，这将非常有助于你学习汉语。
关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择
选关系代词还是人称代词或指示代词，关键是要分清句子结构。如果是非限制性定语从句，用关系代词；如果是并列句，用人称代词或指示代词。
◆He has three sons, none of whom is an engineer.(定语从句)
他有三个儿子，没有一个是工程师。
◆He has three sons, but none of them is an engineer.(并列句)
他有三个儿子，但没有一个是工程师。
◆He has three sons, who are engineers.(定语从句)
他有三个儿子，他们都是工程师。
◆He has three sons.They are engineers.
他有三个儿子，他们都是工程师。(两个简单句)
◆He has three sons, and they are engineers.
他有三个儿子，他们都是工程师。(并列句)
单句语法填空
1．The famous host died of cancer at the age of fifty, which surprised the public.
2．The old couple has a son, who has served in the army for two years.
3．In Canada, skating and ice hockey are popular with teenagers, many of whom play them from an early age.
4．David decided to read a book about Chaplin, one of whose films I had seen several times.
5．They took a journey into the wilds of China where few people had ever been.
6．There was a time when Marty felt like that he lost everything.
7．The fire destroyed more than three quarters of the old city, where most of the houses were made of wood.
8．Have you heard of the bomb explosion about which they are talking now?
9．The main reason why she keeps a dog is that she feels very lonely.
10．As you can see, I have a degree in finance, and I also have three years of work experience.
11．The old man has a son, who is in the army now.
12．The director was always speaking highly of Mary’s role in the play, which,__of course, made other actors unhappy.
13．I will go sightseeing in Beijing with my parents in September, when the weather is neither too hot nor too cold.
14．I was greatly impressed with the girl, whose voice was so sweet.
15．As is often the case, some students play computer games so late that they can’t finish their homework on time.
单句改错
1．The books on the desk, their covers are shiny, are prizes for the winners in the contest.
their→whose
2．Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, it is quite unexpected.
it→which或在it前加and
3．My favorite writer is Mo Yan, some of his novels have very surprising endings.
his→whose或在some前加and
4．I would like to choose the student, whom I think is the best, to be our monitor.
whom→who
5．I wish to thank my English teacher, without whom help, I couldn’t have made such great progress.
whom→whose
6．You, who is a middle school teacher, should help your students adjust to the school life as soon as possible.
is→are
7．Their only son, whom the couple had been devoted, lost his life while saving a boy from drowning.
whom前或在devoted后加to
8．I came up with several solutions at the meeting, but none of which were adopted by our sales manager.
which→them或去掉but
同义句转换
1．They live in a house, whose windows face south.
They live in a house, the__windows__of__which face south.
2．He has two daughters, and both of them are college students.
He has two daughters, both__of__whom are college students.
3．They thanked Tom, because they could not have succeeded without his support.
They thanked Tom, without__whose support they could not have succeeded.
4．I have many friends, and some of them are businessmen.
I have many friends, some__of__whom are businessmen.
5．Mr. Smith is a famous scientist and I have learned a lot from him.
Mr. Smith, from__whom I have learned a lot, is a famous scientist.
6．I lost my wallet that day, so I had to walk home.
I lost my wallet that day, for__which I had to walk home.
语法与写作
1．我的眼镜丢了。没有它，我什么也看不清。
My glasses are lost, without__which__I__can__see__nothing clearly.
2．正如他所说，她对孩子们十分有耐心。
As__he__says,__she is very patient with children.
3．这个体育场建于10年前，在这里已经举行过很多重要的赛事。
The stadium, in__which__many__important__events__have__been__held,__was built ten years ago.
4．这个课程是为这些学生设计的，他们中大多数人可以讲几种语言。
The course is designed for these students, most__of__whom__can__speak__several__languages．
5．游客站在楼顶上，在那里他能够欣赏到美丽的风景。
The tourist was standing on the top of the building, where__he__could__enjoy__the__beautiful__view．
单句语法填空
1．Using cellphones while driving can be dangerous, which is illegal in many countries.
2．As is announced on the school radio, the sports meet will be held next Tuesday.
3．We finally got to the village, where we saw a number of newly－built houses.
4．Mr. Lin wrote many children’s books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.
5．The couple, whose life used to be very hard, have set up a series of chain stores in Europe.
6．Many young people, most of whom were well－educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
7．My best friend Julia will come to see me next July, when she won’t be so busy.
8．The Forbidden City, where President Xi welcomed American President Donald Trump, is located at the heart of Beijing.
9．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
10．We must believe that we can succeed, which makes it possible for us to rise above the difficulties.
11．Patience and determination, without which you can’t do the work well, are essential qualities in our life.
12．The Rap of China has made the artists the centre of public attention, many of whom were underground before.
阅读理解
Learning a musical instrument has a lot of benefits. Not surprisingly, many parents are willing to spend money to give their children this experience. What parents do can determine the quality of the learning experience. But parents’ encouragement can quickly develop into nagging(唠叨). Nagging a child to practice only makes the activity feel like a task. Children are also likely to stop playing as soon as they can make that choice. So, what can parents do to encourage their children to practice?
Most young children enjoy singing and movement. They are also not overly concerned with self－image. While a teenager might avoid singing or playing an instrument for fear of how their peers(同龄人) might react, younger children freely engage in musical activity. Parents should know that a good early musical experience can help children shift gradually from play－based learning to more structured learning.
The media generally praise professional musicians as “talented”. What’s lost in their wonderful stories is that their good mastery of an instrument is in fact the result of much effort and learning. Praising a child for being talented strengthens a fixed idea around musical ability. Children are likely to view their own struggles with learning music as evidence that they aren’t talented. So parents need to make them recognize that practice makes perfect.
A ten－year study shows children who display a long commitment to an instrument show higher levels of musical achievement. Children who imagine themselves playing their instrument into adulthood are highly motivated. Parents should encourage their children to see learning an instrument as a useful skill that can bring satisfaction into adult life. It isn’t simply this year’s after－school activity.
Lessons, exams and practice schedules are all very well, but finally music should be a shared activity. Create an environment where music is a vital part of family life. As your children learn, notice their struggles and celebrate their wins.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了家长在儿童学习乐器过程中应当发挥的作用。
1．What’s the problem that lies in children’s instrument learning?
A．Parents may fail to help children develop good habits.
B．Some families have difficulty affording music lessons.
C．The pressure from parents makes children less motivated.
D．Children are unable to make a balance between study and practice.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Nagging a child to practice ...feel like a task ...stop playing as soon as they can make that choice.可知，在儿童的乐器学习过程中，家长容易通过唠叨的方式催促儿童练习，但这会造成儿童缺乏学习动力。
2．Paragraph 2 suggests that children’s instrument learning ________．
A．requires parents’ company
B．should start in early childhood
C．should be based on children’s characters
D．can be improved through strict education
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的younger children freely engage ...a good early musical experience can help children ...structured learning.可知，乐器学习应该从童年早期开始。
3．According to Paragraph 4, parents should help children ________．
A．join relaxing after－school activities
B．choose what kind of instrument to play
C．build a good music learning environment
D．realize the long－term benefits of playing instruments
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的children who display a long commitment ...are highly motivated.及．..see learning an instrument as a useful skill that can bring satisfaction ...可知，家长应当让孩子意识到学习乐器的长远好处。
完形填空
During painting a church in 2008, Dallas’ head came into contact with a high－tension electrical cable. He was __1__ airlifted to Parkland Hospital, received treatment in emergency, and was __2__ to the Burn Critical Care Unit. At that point, the doctors said that Dallas would not __3__．
Having faith in himself, Dallas set out to __4__ them wrong. As a result of the accident, Dallas was __5__ without any facial features. After dozens of surgeries(外科手术), the doctors had reconstructed Dallas’ body to the point that they felt __6__， bringing him out of the unconsciousness that he had been in for three months.
Dallas began the __7__ road to recovery. Driven by the __8__ to communicate with his daughter again, he learned to __9__ without the use of lips or teeth. He threw aside his __10__ despite being told that he would not walk again, and __11__ to exercise in his hospital room during his free time instead of resting.
Three months later, Dallas was out of the hospital and well on his way to __12__ life before the accident. __13__， he was not satisfied. He decided to try a full facial transplant(移植). This __14__ and risky procedure had not yet been attempted in the US at that time. After tireless hours of __15__， testing and qualifying, he was placed on a waiting list for this groundbreaking procedure to be __16__. Thanks to the donor’s dedication(奉献) and the medical staff’s __17__， Dallas was able to feel the kisses of his daughter once again. The transplant surgery was a complete __18__. He could not only feel his daughter’s kisses, but he could feel the cool wind on his skin and __19__ flowers, which most of us take for granted.
Dallas now works tirelessly to be the best father and friend he can be __20__ showing others the possibility of accomplishing their dreams despite their circumstances.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一次意外事故让主人公Dallas“面目全非”，而他凭借自己顽强的信念，最终战胜病魔的故事。
1．A.suddenly B．immediately
C．gradually D．frequently
B 解析：Dallas在粉刷教堂的时候触碰了高压线，所以立即(immediately)被送往医院。
2．A.changed B．adapted
C．limited D．admitted
D 解析：他被收进(admitted)烧伤重症监护病房。
3．A.survive B．die
C．breathe D．relax
A 解析：医生们说他活(survive)不了了。
4．A.get B．believe
C．find D．prove
D 解析：凭借自己顽强的信念，他决心证明(prove)他们是错的。
5．A.saved B．left
C．recovered D．treated
B 解析：因为事故，他失去了面部功能。be left＋adj.“处于……状态”。
6．A.disappointed B．comfortable
C．suitable D．surprised
B 解析：经过多次手术，医生们终于让Dallas脱离了过去三个月的昏迷状态，使他的身体恢复到他们觉得比较自信的(comfortable)状态。
7．A.tough B．right
C．same D．general
A 解析：Dallas开始了他艰难的(tough)康复之路。
8．A.view B．desire
C．concern D．pride
B 解析：被能够再与女儿交流的愿望(desire)驱使，Dallas学会了不用嘴唇和牙齿讲话。
9．A.hear B．see
C．eat D．speak
D 解析：Dallas学会了不用嘴唇和牙齿讲话(speak)。
10．A.doctors B．honor
C．wheelchair D．faith
C 解析：尽管被告知可能不能再走路，Dallas仍然丢掉轮椅(wheelchair)，坚持锻炼。
11．A.refused B．regretted
C．chose D．expected
C 解析：他选择(chose)用锻炼来代替休息。
12．A.returning to B．attaching to
C．applying to D．reacting to
A 解析：三个月后，Dallas出院了，在恢复到(returning to)发生事故前的生活的道路上进行得非常好。
13．A.Therefore B．However
C．Otherwise D．Besides
B 解析：然而(However)，他并不满意。
14．A.correct B．common
C．rare D．short
C 解析：在那时的美国，这种罕见的(rare)、有风险的手术还没有尝试过。
15．A.research B．complaint
C．operation D．education
A 解析：经过长时间的研究(research)、检测、评估等。
16．A.discussed B．recorded
C．performed D．neglected
C 解析：Dallas最终被放在做(performed)这种开创性的手术的候诊单上。
17．A.effort B．anxiety
C．curiosity D．luck
A 解析：在捐赠者的奉献及医护人员的努力(effort)下，Dallas最终能够感觉到女儿的吻。
18．A.error B．support
C．challenge D．success
D 解析：移植手术很成功(success)。
19．A.grow B．see
C．pick D．smell
D 解析：他不仅可以感觉到女儿的吻，还可以感觉凉爽的风吹拂着皮肤，可以闻到(smell)鲜花的香味。
20．A.if B．while
C．since D．unless
B 解析：Dallas现在孜孜不倦地致力于当一个最好的父亲和朋友。同时(while)，向他人展示无论处境如何，梦想都有可能实现。
语法填空
When she was young, Florence Chadwick wanted 1.____________(desperate) to be a great speed swimmer. At the age of six, her parents encouraged her 2.____________(join) a 50－yard race. She came in last, so she practiced every day for the next year. Again she entered and lost.
When she was 3.____________ 11－year－old girl, Florence won attention and praise for 4.____________(complete) the San Diego Bay endurance(耐力) swimming—6 miles in all. But she still wanted to be a speed swimmer. At 14 she tried for the 5.____________(nation) backstroke championship but came in second to the great Eleanor Holm. At 18 she tried out for Olympic speed swimming and came in fourth. Though she 6.____________(consider) a talented swimmer, she gave up swimming, married, and moved on to other 7.____________(interest)．
As she matured, however, Florence began to wonder what would happen if she had specialized 8.____________ endurance swimming. Therefore, with the help of her father, she began long－distance swimming again. Twelve years after she 9.____________(fail) to make the Olympic team, Florence Chadwick swam the English Channel, breaking Gertrude Ederle’s 24－year－old record. It took a little time, but finally she found out 10.____________ she could do best and did it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了Florence Chadwick立志成为游泳运动员并最终打破世界纪录的故事。
1．desperately 解析：考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词wanted。
2．to join 解析：考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
3．an 解析：考查冠词。句意：当她还是个11岁的小女孩时，她就完成了耐力游并赢得了关注和赞赏。
4．completing 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处用动名词做介词for的宾语。
5．national 解析：考查形容词。此处用形容词修饰名词。句意：她在14岁时参加了全国性的仰泳比赛，获得了第二名。
6．was considered 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。此处she和consider之间为被动关系，结合文章的一般过去时态，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
7．interests 解析：考查名词。句意：她放弃了游泳、结了婚，随后转向了其他爱好。故此处用interest的复数形式。
8．in 解析：考查介词。specialize in意为“专门从事……，专门研究……”。
9．had failed 解析：考查动词的时态。此处fail发生在swam这个过去的动作之前，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时。
10．what 解析：考查宾语从句。句意：虽然花了一些时间，但她最终明白了自己能做好什么并且她做到了。此处find out后的宾语从句缺少do的宾语，故用what引导。
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Section Ⅴ Writing
给朋友写一封信
文体感知
书信是我们日常生活中常用的一种应用文体。常见的有进行商业往来的商业信件和询问个人日常事件的个人信件。注意事项：①明确写信的对象和写信的目的。②明确文章结构：开头部分对朋友的到来表示欢迎；第二部分信的重点内容；最后结束语。③根据对象选用合适的行文用语。
增分佳句
1．From your letter, I have learned a lot about something.
从你的来信中，关于一些事情我了解了许多。
2．Now, I am eager to know something about the problem, especially something about its reason.
现在，我渴望知道关于这个问题的某些事情，尤其是关于它的原因的事情。
3．I would appreciate it if you could do something.
如果你能做些事情，我将不胜感激。
写作模板
Dear ××，
I am really pleased that you are writing to me for ____________. I am glad to hear from you ____________. I am expecting to ____________ sometime in the near future.(明确写信的对象和写信的目的)
From your letter, I have learned a lot about ____________. Now, I am eager to know ____________ about the problem, especially something about ____________. I would appreciate it if you could ____________．(信的重点内容)
I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Please remember me to your family.(信的结束语)
Yours，
××
写作要求
假如你是王华，最近你在浏览一个美国中学网站时，看到一位名叫Stephen的中学生的留言，他计划到中国的一所大学学习中国文化和语言，请写一封信给他介绍中国的生活情况。内容包括：
1．日常生活中中美的不同(如饮食、学习、交通和住宿等)；
2．交友的难易；
3．学习汉语以及了解中国文化的最佳方法；
4．你能帮助他安顿下来的事情。
注意：1.词数100左右。
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．友好的 friendly
2．有效的 efficient
3．容易相处 be__easy__to__get__along__with
4．习惯于这里的生活 get__used__to__the__life__here
5．让你感觉像在自己家里一样 make__you__feel__at__home
遣词造句
1．完成句子
①使我高兴的是，你就要来中国学习汉语和中国文化了。
To__my__pleasure,__you are coming to China to learn Chinese and its culture.
②开始的时候，住在中国似乎有点陌生。
It seems a little strange to live in China at__first．
③中国人不仅友好而且很容易相处。
Chinese people are not__only friendly but__also easy to get along with.
④对你来说适应这里的生活是很容易的。
It is easy for you to get__used__to the life here.
⑤我会尽量让你感觉像在自己家里一样。
I will try my best to make__you__feel__at__home．
2．句式升级
⑥把句①改写成宾语从句。
I’m__really__pleased__that__you__are__coming__to__China__to__learn__Chinese__and__its__culture.
⑦把句②改写成简单句。
Living__in__China__seems__a__little__strange__at__first.
⑧把句③和句④合成一个复合句。
Chinese__people__are__not__only__friendly__but__also__easy__to__get__along__with,__so__it__will__be__easy__for__you__to__get__used__to__the__life__here.
妙笔成篇
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One possible version：
Dear Stephen，
I’m really pleased that you are coming to China to learn Chinese and its culture. Living in China seems a little strange at first, but you’ll soon fit in.
Our food is tasty but some might be oily, but we have western food like KFC and McDonald’s. Chinese people are not only friendly but also easy to get along with, so it will be easy for you to get used to the life here. I’ll introduce you to my family and friends and you will not feel lonely. Besides, one of the efficient ways to learn Chinese and its culture is to join in the daily life of Chinese people.
In a word, I’ll try my best to make you feel at home, and I’m looking forward to meeting you.
Yours，
Wang Hua
假定你是李华，目前在英国留学。最近你在网上看到一则某外语培训中心招聘兼职中文教师的广告，你想申请该职位。请你用英文给该中心的负责人写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．写信目的；
2．自我介绍；
3．期待回复。
注意：词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)。
Dear Sir/Madam，
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Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Sir/Madam，
In answer to your advertisement on the Internet, I’d like to apply for the position of part－time Chinese teacher in your Foreign Language Learning Centre.
As a native of Beijing, I can speak standard Chinese. Having lived in the United States for two years, I also speak English well. In addition, I got some experience in teaching Chinese last summer vacation. What’s more, I’m outgoing and warm－hearted and can easily make friends with others.
I would be grateful if you would consider my application, and I hope to have an opportunity for an interview.
I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours__sincerely，
Li__Hua
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Unit 5 Travelling abroad
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.lecture n．& vi. 演讲；讲课
As an educational specialist, his grandmother is__always__invited__to__give__lectures(总是受邀作报告) around the country.
2．preparation n．准备；预备
①To gain success, we should choose the right methods, make enough preparations(prepare), and then we are on the way to success.
②It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared(prepare) for their future.
3．recommend vt.推荐；建议
①(2019·北京卷)He recommended that she (should)__do(do) some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
②He recommended reading(read) the book before seeing the movie.
4．comfort n．舒适；安慰 vt.安慰
These new shoes are not very comfortable though they are designed for comfort．(comfort)
5．requirement n．需要；要求
This is strictly required,__so if you don’t match this requirement,__please do not send your resume.(require)
重点词汇夯实练
6.acknowledge vt.承认；确认；答谢
①The country has acknowledged taking/having__taken(take) every means to fight against any possible attack.
②Professor Hawking is__acknowledged(acknowledge) as one of the world’s greatest physicists.
7.occupy vt.占用；占领；占据
He occupies an important position in a company, and is occupied with all kinds of activities, so his occupation brings him great fame and fortune.(occupy)
8.apology n．道歉；谢罪
She apologized to the teacher for her being late, and he accepted her apology．(apologize)
9.govern vt.& vi.统治；支配；管理
The government is the group of people who are responsible for governing a country or a state.(govern)
10.abundant adj.丰富的；充裕的
The Pacific Ocean is__abundant__in(在……丰富)rare species of plants and animals.
阅读词汇排查练
1.shopkeeper n． 店主
2.academic adj. 学校的；学术的
3.tutor n． 导师；助教；家庭教师
4.draft n． 草稿；草案
vt. 草拟；起草
5.numb adj. 麻木的；失去知觉的
6.contradict vt. 反驳，驳斥
7.autonomous adj. 自主的，自治的；独立的
8.enterprise n． 事业；事业心
9.seminar n． (专题)研讨会
10.videophone n． 可视电话
11.minibus n． 小型公共汽车
12.cage n． 鸟笼；兽槛
13.battery n． 电池(组)；电瓶；炮台
14.oilfield n. 油田
15.tomb n. 坟墓
16.inn n. 客栈
重点短语
会书写
1.adjust__to 适应；调节
2.fit__in 相适应；相融和
3.be__occupied__with 忙着做……；忙于某事物
4.out__of__the__question 不可能的；不值得讨论的
5.apply__for 申请
6.take__up 从事；占据
7.keep__it__up 保持优秀成绩；继续干下去
8.as__far__as__one__is__concerned 就……而言
9.day__in__and__day__out 日复一日
10.get__used__to 习惯于……；对……适应
11.settle__in (迁新居、换工作后)安顿下来
会应用
1.There are so many applicants, so it is out__of__the__question that they will offer you the chance.
2.As__far__as__I__am__concerned,__playing computer games not only wastes much time but also is harmful to our health.
3.To start a plan is easy, but it is difficult to keep__it__up.
4.Before going overseas, students should make some preparations so that they can fit__in with the life in foreign countries soon.
5.My mother has taken__up teaching since she graduated from the university.
重点句型
句式 仿写
1.It is/was the first time (that) ... 第一次……It was the first time she had ever left her motherland. 屠呦呦在医学方面获得了诺贝尔奖，这是中国人第二次获得诺贝尔奖。Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in medicine, and it is the second time that Chinese has__won the Nobel Prize.
2.“疑问词＋不定式”结构But I was also very nervous as I didn’t know what to expect... 正当我们疑惑该做什么的时候，经理走了出来。When we were wondering what__to__do,__the manager came out.
3.which引导的非限制性定语从句You have to get used to a whole new way of life, which can take up all your concentration in the beginning... 在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。In the presence of so many people he was a little nervous, which__was__understandable.
续 表
句式 仿写
4.so...that引导的结果状语从句I have been so occupied with work that I haven’t had time for social activities. 科技发展如此迅速，以至于超乎人的想象。Science is__developing__so__fast__that it is beyond our imagination.
5.完全倒装句式In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel. 演讲者坐在演讲厅前面。In__the__front__of__the__lecture__hall__sat the speaker.
单元语法
1．The two brothers were satisfied with this decision, as was agreed beforehand.
2．Mrs. Brown, whose children are at school all day, decides to look for a full－time job near her home.
3．The colorless gas, without which we can’t live, is called oxygen.
4．Miss White will fly to Washington, where she will attend her best friend’s wedding ceremony.
5．There are 60 people in the group, half of whom are migrant workers.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．就我而言，最高兴的事就是被名牌大学录取。(as far as one is concerned)
2．我们每天忙于准备各类考试。(be occupied with)
3．我的老师们推荐我上一所医科大学。(recommend)
4．考试前，不仅仅是努力就能取得好成绩的。(it is...that...)
5．我的适应能力很强，我能很好地应对紧张的学习生活。(fit in)
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One possible version：
As far as I’m concerned, the happiest thing is to be admitted into a brand university. In order to test ourselves, every day we are occupied with preparing for a variety of exams. My teachers recommended that I go to a college majoring in medicine. I have a strong mind and I know before exams, it’s not just hard work that helps you get a good result. I can fit in well and I can deal with the stressful study life quite well.
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