Unit 4 Exploring plants
随着地球上自然地理环境的变迁，植物界自身在不断的矛盾中运动和发展着。一些类群的自然灭绝常伴随着新类群的形成，植物界的发展过程就是这样从低级向高级，从简单到复杂，不断地变化。
Global warming impacts plants
Plants have little ability to adapt to changing climates.If temperatures continue their rapid rise over the next 100 years，all plant species will be affected in some way.Growing seasons，rainfall patterns，storms and cycles of floods and droughts are all predicted to change as global warming worsens.In fact，some of these climate changes are already occurring.
Scientists say that warming temperatures are causing rapid changes in the range and distribution of plants worldwide.On the slopes of high mountains，glacial meadows are being replaced with sagebrush as temperatures warm.In the Arctic，fast-growing trees are expanding northward，extending into areas that until recently were tundra(冻原)．In the next 100 years，global warming is expected to reduce the world’s tundra by 30 per
cent，with lethal(致命的) consequences for species that live there.
A doubling of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere，which scientists expect to occur midway through this century，will have a drastic impact on our forests.The stunning colors of fall foliage in New England will become a thing of the past as it becomes too warm for sugar maples to survive.A doubling of carbon dioxide would also shift the growing range for birch，hemlock and beech trees 300 to 600 miles northward，leaving behind huge swathes(长条) of dead and dying trees.
The consensus of the worlds’ leading scientists is that global warming is real and already underway.For natural ecosystems around the globe，its effects could be devastating.All plants and animals，no matter where they live，will be affected in some way.A changing climate has the potential to lead to the mass extinction of numerous species.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Preparing
distant adj. 远方的；远处的；远的
tight adj. 紧的；紧密的
fluency n. 流利；流畅
dove n. 鸽子
scale n. 天平盘；磅秤
endeavour n. 尽力；竭力
shave vi.& vt. 剃；刮
8．appeal vi. (对某人)有吸引力；求助
9．restriction n. 限制；约束
10．balcony n. 阳台；包厢
1．date back to 追溯到……；远在……年代
2．fall into conflict with 陷入与……的冲突中
3．in the distance 在远方
4．take interest in... 对……感兴趣
5．result in 产生；导致……
Collecting_“exotic”_plants，as_they_are_called，dates back to the earliest times.
收集所谓的“异国”植物要追溯到很久以前。
However，it_was_not_until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of the botanical world began on a large scale.
然而直到18世纪和19世纪人们对植物世界大规模的开发和探索才开始。
Cook called the bay where the Endeavour had anchored Botany Bay.
库克还把“奋进号”抛锚停靠的地方称为植物湾。
Not_only_did_Fortune_introduce over 120 species of plants to Western gardens but_he_also_shipped 20，000 tea plants...
福琼不仅把120余种植物引入西方园林，而且还把两万株茶树运往……
Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．What’s the main idea of this text?
A．Transporting plants from China.
B．French missionaries exploring plants.
C．Many plant collectors to China.
D．The plant collecting in the 18th and 19th centuries.
2．Who collected and sent seeds of the Tree of Heaven?
A．Father d’Incarville.
B．Sir Joseph Banks.
C．Robert Fortune.
D．Father Farges.
3．What improved the survival rates of plants transported long distances?
A．A knowledge of Botany.
B．The cool water.
C．A tightly sealed portable glass container.
D．The changing environment.
4．Which is NOT true according to the text?
A．European had become interested in scientific discovery.
B．European middle classes took great interest in collecting new plants.
C．European’s desire for exotic plants grew.
D．The foreigners were truly helping the Chinese develop collecting seeds.
5．Why was the second half of the nineteenth century a very important period of plant exploration?
A．The first plant collecting expedition dated back to 1500AD.
B．E H Wilson discovered the Dove Tree among the western plant collectors.
C．Their expeditions resulted in huge plant collections.
D．The large numbers of specimens of plants were enough in Western gardens.
答案：1－5.DACDC
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
The plants in our gardens look familiar，but 1.____________ fact many of them date back to many years ago.In 2.____________ past，many civilizations saw the value of bringing back plants.So many of them did it.However，it wasn’t popular until in the 18th and 19th centuries.At that time，many brave young men took the opportunity 3.____________ (find)new plants，such as Father d’Incarville，Sir Joseph Banks.But 4.____________ (keep) plant alive was an enormous challenge.5.____________ (face)the problem，Dr Nathaniel Ward invented the Wardian case.
Between 1843 and 1859，there were 6.____________ (restrict) on the movement of Europeans and so，in order to travel unnoticed，he developed his 7.____________ (fluent) in Chinese, even shaving his head 8.____________ the Chinese style.He experienced many adventures and succeeded 9.____________ (ship) plants to the Western countries.
Although the missionaries collected large numbers of specimens，there was not enough material for growing particular species in Western gardens.Many plant collectors managed 10.____________ (introduce) many new plants to Western gardens.
答案：1.in 2.the 3.to find 4.keeping 5.Facing
6．restrictions 7.fluency 8.in 9.shipping 10.to introduce
PAGE
2
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
Collecting “exotic” plants，as they are called，dates back to the earliest times.
收集所谓的“异国”植物要追溯到很久以前。
①This town dates back to the Roman times.
这座城镇在罗马时代就开始有了。
②This custom dates from the ancient times.
这个习俗起源于古代。
[自我探究]
date back to是由动词＋副词＋介词构成的动词短语；＝date_from，意为追溯到……；始于；常用一般现在时时态。
out of date 过时的，陈旧的
to date 到目前为止
up to date 最新的
③The exhibition contains some of his best work to date. 这个展览有他迄今为止一些最好的作品。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
针灸治疗可以追溯到古代中国，逐渐地被其他国家的医学专家所接受。
The needle treatment________________the ancient times in China is gradually accepted by experts in medicine in other countries.
答案：dating from
Many ancient civilisations saw the value of bringing back plants from distant lands.
许多古老文明都见证了从遥远的地方带回植物的价值。
①The distant star is far distant from the earth.
这颗星距离地球很远。
②If you are very quiet，you can hear the distant music from the circus in town. 如果你们十分安静，你们就会听到远处镇上马戏团的音乐声。
③He is a distant cousin of mine.
他是我的一个远房表哥。
[自我探究]
distant是形容词，意为遥远的，远处的；远房的。
distant adj. 冷淡的，疏远的，不亲近的
distance n. 距离，远离，远方
at a distance of 在距离……远的地方
at a/some distance 隔一段距离，距离稍远一些
in the distance 在远处
keep sb.at a distance 对某人保持距离
keep one’s distance from 避开，不接近
④Mike sounded very cold and distant on the phone.
从电话里听起来迈克非常冷淡和疏远。
⑤The time we spent together is now a distant memory.
我们一起度过的时光现在已经成为久远的记忆。
⑥At a distance of six miles you can’t see much.
距离六英里以外的东西你很难看清。
⑦I would keep my distance from that roaring river，if I were you.
我要是你，我就会远离那条咆哮的河流。
单词 意义区别
distant 指时间、空间上的遥远，也可以指亲属关系中的远房亲属
far 用来表示实际距离的远和时间的遥远，还可以指引申意义的远
⑧The stranger seems to have come from a far country.
这个陌生人似乎来自远方的国度。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)成功之大远远超过了他们的预期。
It had been a success____________________their expectations.
(2)这两个男孩是远房亲戚。
The two boys_________________________________________________.
答案：(1)far beyond
(2)are distant relations
Brave young men took the opportunity of going on botanical expeditions，often facing many dangers including disease，near-starvation，severe environments and conflicts with the local people.
勇敢的年轻人借机进行植物探索活动，他们常常面临许多危险，如疾病、饥饿、严酷的环境以及同当地居民的冲突。
①My interests conflict with yours.
我的利益与你的相抵触。
②Your request conflicts with my duty.
你的要求与我的职责相抵触。
[自我探究]
conflict既可以作动词也可以作名词，意为抵触，争斗；冲突，常与介词with连用。
conflict n． 斗争，冲突
v. 战争，冲突，抵触
conflict with 与……冲突
in conflict with 同……相冲突
come into conflict with 和……冲突
race conflict 种族冲突
conflict of interests 利害冲突
③The story tells of a classic conflict between love and duty.
这个故事讲的是典型的爱与责任之间的冲突。
④John often comes into conflict with his boss.
约翰经常和他的老板发生争执。
⑤The results conflict with earlier discoveries.
这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。
单词 意义区别
conflict 多指对立的思想或意识
fight 多指短兵相接的肉搏和厮杀
war 多指国家或对立集团之间的大规模的战争，也指长期地与……进行战争
battle 多指敌对双方使用武器精心的大规模战斗
combat 指个人或部队间的单独斗争、战争等
struggle 指斗争，拼搏，挣扎(可以是肉体或精神上的拼搏、争斗)
[巧学活用]——conflict，fight，struggle填空
(1)Armed____________is likely to break out between the two countries.
(2)He was always____________with his neighbors about the noise.
(3)The men in the boat____________with great waves.
(4)All these actions by the NATO____________with the universally accepted international laws.
答案：(1)conflict (2)fighting (3)struggled (4)conflicted
One of the collectors was Father Farges，who collected 37 seeds from a tree that had appealed to him.
其中一位收集者叫做法尔热的神父，从他所喜爱的一棵树上收集了37粒种子。
①I’m sure it will appeal to you, for you have been enthusiastic about sports. 我确信这一定会吸引你，因为你热衷于体育。
[自我探究]
appeal是动词，意为(对某人)有吸引力，常与介词 to连用；appeal to sb.意为向某人求助，恳求某人。
(1)appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力；使某人感兴趣
appeal to sb.for sth./to do sth. 向某人呼吁/恳求……
(2)make an appeal to sb.for sth. 为……向某人呼吁或请求
make an appeal to sb.to do sth. 呼吁/恳求某人做某事
(3)appealing adj. 有吸引力的； 恳求的
②The police are making an appeal to the public for information about the crime.
警方呼吁公众提供有关这宗犯罪案件的信息。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
他呼吁选民们明天去投票站。
(1)He ________________ go to the polls tomorrow.(appeal v．)
(2)He ______________________ go to the polls tomorrow.(appeal n．)
答案：(1)appealed to voters to (2)made an appeal to voters to
The plants in our gardens look so familiar that often we do not realize that many of them actually come from countries far away.
我们花园里的植物看上去是那么熟悉，以至于我们常常意识不到在这些植物中有许多实际上来自遥远的国度。
①The bus was so full that I could hardly turn around.
公共汽车挤得我几乎无法转身。
②He is so busy that he could have little time for his lunch.
他太忙了，以至于没有时间吃午饭。
[自我探究]
以上例句是复合句，so...that...意为如此……以至于……；其中so是副词，它后面可以跟形容词或副词，表示程度。that引导结果状语从句。
so...that.../such...that...如此……以至于……，它们的用法如下：
(1)在这个句型中，so是副词，修饰形容词或副词；such是形容词，修饰的中心词是名词。
(2)在many，few，much，little(表示数量)前只能用so，不能用such来修饰。
(3)当such修饰的中心词是可数名词的单数形式，且有形容词修饰时，可以转化成so...that...结构。如：
such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.可以转化成：so＋形容词＋a/an＋n.。
(4)so that引导结果状语从句时，多用逗号与主句隔开；如果引导目的状语从句时，常与情态动词can，could，may，might，will等连用，且从句一般不与主句隔开。
③If it is a good book，you might say，“it’s so good that I can’t put it down.”
如果这是一本好书，你或许会说：“这本书太好了，我舍不得把它放下。”
④This is such an interesting film that we all like it.
这是一部那么有趣的电影，我们都非常喜欢它。
⑤There were so many people in the street watching the fire that the firefighters could not get close to the building.
街上有那么多观火的人，消防人员没法靠近那幢大楼。
⑥It was such a warm day that we decided to go outing.＝It was so warm a day that we decided to go outing.
天气这么好我们决定去郊游。
⑦Our professor spoke through a microphone so that he could be heard clearly by the students. 我们的教授在讲课时用麦克风，以便让学生听得清楚。
⑧Tom lived in the near village，so that he was never late for school.
汤姆住在附近的村子里，所以他上学从没有迟到过。
[巧学活用]——句型转换
We were in so anxious a rush when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
→We were in__________________________when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
答案：such an anxious rush
课时作业10
单句语法填空
1．The old building ____________(date) back to the Ming Dynasty，which survived through several wars.
答案：dates
2．By law，when one makes a large purchase，he should have ____________(adequacy) opportunities to change his mind.
答案：adequate
3．The main purpose of this story is ____________(appeal) to the reader’s interest in the theme of “living and dead”； because it is a theme eternally interesting to all mankind.
答案：to appeal
4．—Can I visit the park freely?
—Of course you can.It is open to the public without ____________(restrict)．
答案：restriction
5．I will endeavour ____________(do) my best for my country.
答案：to do
6．While in college，he became interested in plants and majored ____________ botany.
答案：in
7．No matter where we are, friendship will tie our heart ____________(tight)．
答案：tightly
8．He had to ____________(low) his head to get through the door.
答案：lower
9．The painting looks more beautiful at ____________ distance.
答案：a
10．If you stay in a native English speaking country for a few months，you will become a ____________(fluence) English speaker.
答案：fluent
阅读理解
Imagine you are on a cold mountain with steep rocks around.As you climb higher，the air gets thinner and the sun’s rays stronger.Just before you reach the snowline，you find what you came for—a small white flower，the edelweiss(火绒草)，which only grows in alpine(高山的) areas.
Plants face many challenges living in alpine areas，and only 200 kinds of plants can grow there.Plants rely on oxygen，water，and sunlight to make their own food through the process of photosynthesis(光合作用)．The alpine means less CO2，which makes the process more difficult.It also brings plants closer to the sun.The sunlight is so strong that it can burn a plant’s leaves.There is little water here，so the soil is dry and rocky.You also won’t find high trees because the cold wind would blow them over!
Alpine plants have advantages that help them survive the bad conditions.Like all alpine plants，the edelweiss stays close to the ground to avoid the wind.The cold water is deep underground，so the edelweiss grows very deep roots.Its leaves have a thick covering，which protects the plant from the wind and the sun’s bright rays.All these special characteristics help it grow，but very slowly.
The edelweiss can live in the conditions，but humans can’t.Climbing in the high and cold mountains is dangerous and difficult.This is why the edelweiss became such a special flower.Long ago，a young man would pick an edelweiss flower to prove his love to a girl，although it was risky.Many men died while trying.Getting the flower proved that the man was physically strong，brave，and devoted.
Alpine plants can’t spread seeds，so it’s difficult for new plants to grow.Once all the edelweiss flowers are gone in an area，they will not re?grow.Governments help protect the edelweiss because it is considered an endangered plant.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。因缺少水和二氧化碳，并且阳光太过强烈，导致能在高山地区生长的植物很少。本文重点介绍了火绒草的生长环境、特点及有关它的美好传说等。
1．The first two paragraphs mainly describe________．
A．the process of photosynthesis
B．the appearance of the edelweiss
C．the growing environment of the edelweiss
D．the challenge of mountain climbing
C 解析：段落大意题。通读文章可知，前两段主要描述了高山上植物生长的环境。故C项正确。
2．The edelweiss can survive in the alpine conditions partly because________．
A．it grows high and strong
B．it can get more sunlight
C．its leaves’ covering is thin
D．its deep roots can get water
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“The cold water is deep underground，so the edelweiss grows very deep roots.”可知，D项正确。
3．What can we learn about the edelweiss from the text?
A．It is planted in large quantities.
B．It is a symbol of bravery.
C．It is a shade?loving plant.
D．It spreads its seeds by wind.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Alpine plants can’t spread seeds”和“it is considered an endangered plant”可分别排除选项D和A；根据高山地区阳光照射强烈可知，火绒草不是喜阴植物，由此可排除C项；根据第四段可知，B项正确。
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To introduce a special flower.
B．To compare different alpine plants.
C．To warn people not to pick flowers.
D．To encourage people to protect plants.
A 解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章详细介绍了火绒草的生长环境和它能够在高山上生存的一些特征。故A项正确。
完形填空
On my last day in Nairobi，I decided to visit the wildlife reserve(野生动物保护区)．__1__my hotel，I bought a map and__2__．On the way，I stopped to take photos of many interesting animals.A little later，I was very pleased when I saw notices__3__，“__4__lions.Stay in your car.”I didn’t mean to__5__ and drove across a shallow stream.I was halfway__6__when my wheels began to turn round and round without__7__a bit；the car had stuck in the mud.
Full of__8__，I looked around carefully.There was not a__9__in sight.I was soon in the stream and my clothes got into a terrible__10__，but there was__11__I could do.The car wouldn’t move though I pushed it hard.__12__there was a forest quite near，I didn’t dare to go there.When I got back into the car，I felt very __13__．I wondered how long it would be__14__I was discovered by wild beasts.The lions would quite__15__ a tasty meal of a human being__16__！
I was wild with__17__when several hours later，a keeper drove up in a jeep and pulled my car on to dry land.
It took me some time to__18__what had happened to me when I returned to the__19__，but I do not think that anyone really__20__me!
1．A.Leaving B．Reaching
C．To get to D．To flee
A 解析：因前面提到要去参观野生动物保护区，故在此应表示“离开”旅馆。
2．A.hired a car B．took a taxi
C．rode a horse D．hired a boat
A 解析：根据下文作者不时停车拍照及“drove across a shallow stream...”可知作者是“租了一辆车”而不是乘出租车。
3．A.written B．read
C．put on D．saying
D 解析：“……上面写着或说……”用动词say，此处用其现在分词形式，read如果换成reading也可以。
4．A.For sale B．Come over
C．Turn off D．Be careful of
D 解析：告示提醒人们“当心”狮子。
5．A.eat B．get out
C．go back D．give up
B 解析：作者本来就没打算“下车”。
6．A.across B．inside
C．back D．ahead
A 解析：根据上文“drove across a shallow stream”知，这里是指走了一半。
7．A.stopping B．driving
C．moving D．leading
C 解析：车轮老是打转，不往前走。
8．A.fear B．anger
C．surprise D．pleasure
A 解析：因前文提到“告示说周围有狮子”，所以作者感到“害怕”。
9．A.lion B．car
C．horse D．man
A 解析：作者小心地环顾四周，但一头“狮子”也没看到。
10．A.mud B．place
C．state D．time
C 解析：因车陷在小溪中的淤泥里，作者下来推车，身上应是又湿又脏，故衣服处于一种糟糕的状态。
11．A.one choice B．one way
C．something D．nothing
D 解析：但是作者毫无办法。There is nothing to do...为常用句型。
12．A.If B．Where
C．Although D．Even
C 解析：根据前后的逻辑关系，在此只能用although，“尽管不远处有个树林，但我不敢去”。
13．A.anxious B．surprised
C．happy D．brave
A 解析：别无他法，作者又回到车里，当然是感到“着急”。
14．A.before B．when
C．after D．whether
A 解析：此处为“It＋be＋一段时间＋before”的句式，句意为“我不知道要过多久会被野兽发现”。
15．A.hate B．appreciate
C．thank D．refuse
B 解析：由文意可知选B，appreciate意为“赞赏，喜欢，感谢”。thank后只能接sb.，hate与refuse与文意不符。
16．A.dead B．rotten
C．flesh D．good
C 解析：flesh指“肉”，这里“human being flesh”指人的肉体。
17．A.anger B．tears
C．sadness D．joy
D 解析：有人把自己从困境中救出来，当然是“欣喜若狂”了。
18．A.write B．explain
C．publish D．announce
B 解析：由下文的“but I do not think that anyone really______me”可知，这里指向人解释“explain”。
19．A.car B．country
C．hotel D．city
C 解析：在此指作者返回“旅馆”，和文章开头“______ my hotel”照应。
20．A.liked B．asked
C．believed D．heard
C 解析：作者认为，自己怎么解释也不会有人真的“相信”自己。
短文改错
People had always been interested in bees.This interest may have begun with the honey what bees make.In the fact, it has been found that people have been eating honey for thousand of years.In the more recently past, people were interested in the way bees made honey.They admired the way bees seemed to working so hard.Some languages even developed expressions about people working like bees.In English, for example, we talk with a“busy bee”．Now scientists have a new reason to be interested in bees.They have discovered that bees able to communicate with each other.Research has revealed some surprised facts about this, so there are still many mysteries.
答案：
People always been interested in bees.This interest may have begun with the honey bees make.In fact, it has been found that people have been eating honey for of years.In the more past, people were interested in the way bees made honey.They admired the way bees seemed to so hard.Some languages even developed expressions about people working like bees.In English, for example, we talk a“busy bee”．Now scientists have a new reason to be interested in bees.They have discovered that bees able to communicate with each other.Research has revealed some facts about this, there are still many mysteries.
PAGE
1
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
lower vt. 降低；跌落；减弱
dull adj. 不鲜明的；阴暗的
fragrant adj. 芬芳的；香的
typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的
attach vt. 附着；系上；附加；缚上
monument n. 纪念碑
pyramid n. 金字塔
delicate adj. 精巧的；脆弱的；微妙的
string n. 线；细绳；一串
ripe adj. 熟的；成熟的
11．postpone vt. 推迟；拖延
12．rot v. 腐烂；腐败
13．irrigation n. 灌溉
14．evolve vt.& vi. 进化；演变；发展；进展
15．beard n. 胡须
1．attach ...to．.. 把……系到……上；
贴上；附上
2．give out 发出(气味、热等)；分发
3．adapt to 适应……
4．reward ...with．.. 以……回报……
5．rot away 腐烂掉
For example，yellow flowers attract bees，while red flowers attract butterflies.
例如，黄花吸引蜜蜂，而红花吸引蝴蝶。
2．...usually the nectar is at the end of a small，narrow tube whose length is the same as the tongue of a particular species.
……花粉通常在狭小的花管子里的末端，其长度与特定花粉传播者的舌头相当。
Read the passage and tell the following statements True (T) or False (F)．
Most of the animal pollinators have evolved ahead of the flowering plants.( )
Through evolution，flies，wasps，beetles and other animals such as bees and moths have become less common.( )
3．The pollinators choose the types of flowers according to the features of them such as the colour，shape，and smell.( )
答案：1－3.FFT
Over time，many flowering plants and their animal pollinators have evolved together.
许多开花的植物长期以来是和它们的动物传粉媒介一起发展的。
①Maize evolved from a wild grass in Mexico.
玉米是由墨西哥的一种野草进化而来的。
[自我探究]
evolve 是动词，意为进化，发展，演变。
evolve from sth. 由某物/从某物进化而来
evolve into sth. 逐渐形成某物
evolution n. 进化，演变
evolutionary adj. 进化的，演变的
②Each school must evolve its own way of working. 每个学校必须形成自己的办学模式。
③The three species evolved from a single ancestor.这三种生物从同一祖先进化而来。
④Do you know the evolution of the steamship?
你知道蒸汽船的演变吗？
[巧学活用]——完成句子
达尔文认为我们人是从类人猿进化来的。
Darwin believed that________________________．
答案：we human beings evolved from the ape
Pollen becomes attached to the animal during its visit to a flower and is then passed on to another plant’s blossom on its next visit.
动物接触一朵花后，花粉就附着在它的身上，动物接触下一种植物的花时，就把这些花粉传到花朵上。
①However，I think sometimes we attach too much importance to our phones so that we ignore our friends. 然而，我认为有时候我们太重视手机而忽略了我们的朋友。
②He attached a label to his trunk.
他给大皮箱贴上了标签。
[自我探究]
attach是动词，意为缚上；系上；附加，常与介词 to连用，意为把……贴上，附上。
(1)attach sth.to sth. 把……固定；把……附(在……上)
attach importance/significance/value to sth.
重视，认为……有重要性
(或意义、价值、分量等)
attach oneself to sb. 依附某人
be attached to 依恋；属于；加入；隶属于
attach to sb. 与某人相关联；归功于某人
(2)attachment n. 附着，附属；依恋
③I attach great importance to this research.
我认为这项研究十分重要。
④No blame attaches to you in this affair.
这件事不怪你。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)当我们初学外语的时候，我们应该特别重视正确的发音。
We should________________________________when first learning a foreign language.
(2)他们已经在协议上附加了一些条件。
They have__________________________the agreement.
答案：(1)attach primary importance to correct pronunciation
(2)attached a number of conditions to
Smell：strong，sweet perfume，typically only given out at night. 气味：浓烈的香味，典型的香甜味，典型之处只是在夜晚散发。
①Please help me give out these test papers.
请帮我分发这些试卷。
②The coal began to give out. 煤用光了。
[自我探究]
give out是动词和副词组成的动词短语，意为分发，用光(用尽)。
give out主要有以下两个意思：
(1)分发，发出(气味、热等)。
(2)当意为“用光，用尽，筋疲力尽”时，是不及物动词的短语，相当于run out；如果后面接宾语，就要用run out of或use up。
③Howard gave out drinks to his guests.
霍华德把饮料分给来宾。
④They gave out ad leaflets to the customers.
他们向顾客散发广告传单。
⑤Our food supplies are giving out/running out.
我们的食物快要吃光了。
⑥We are using up/running out of our money.
我们的钱快要花光了。
For example，yellow flowers attract bees，while red flowers attract butterflies.
例如，黄花吸引蜜蜂，而红花吸引蝴蝶。
①Tom is very good at science, while his brother is absolutely hopeless.
汤姆擅长理科，然而他的弟弟绝对是无可救药。
[自我探究]
while为连词，连接两个分句，意为而，然而，表示对比或转折，while位于两个分句之间。
(1)引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，此时，谓语动词用延续性的。
(2)引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。
(3)表示条件，意为“只要”，其意思和用法相当于as long as或if。
②He caught a cold while (he was) on vacation.
他度假时患了感冒。
③While I agree with your reason，I can’t allow it.
尽管我同意你的理由，但我不允许这样做。
④There will be life while there is water and air.
只要有水和空气，就有生命。
⑤While there is life，there is hope.
留得生命在，不怕没希望。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
尽管我承认他并不完美，但我确实喜欢这个人。
________________I accept that he is not perfect，I do actually like the person.
答案：While
课时作业11
单句语法填空
1．The deer ____________ (low) its head to drink from the pond.
答案：lowered
2．The apples ____________(ripe) to perfection.
答案：were ripened
3．____________(irrigate) is needed to make crops grow in dry regions.
答案：Irrigation
4．The ____________(typically) family may remain one child，but some childless and only consisting of a man and a woman.
答案：typical
5．As a result of the radio appeal ____________ help for the flood victims，they have over raised a million pounds.
答案：for
6．Our visit to the museum ____________(postpone)．
答案：is postponed
7．Many Victorians were shocked by the notion(观念) that Man had evolved ____________ lower forms of life.
答案：from
8．This middle school is attached ____________ a teachers’ college.
答案：to
9．The young man tried his best to ____________(conviction) the judge that he was innocent.
答案：convince
10．Cycling is highly beneficial ____________ people’s health and the environment.
答案：to
阅读理解
A
When slaves were first brought over from West Africa to the southern parts of America，they brought along with them aspects of their own culture—religion，dance，language，music，and cuisine. A mix of the two cultures eventually appeared.The religious dance of the ring shout turned into modern dances like the Charleston，and tribal chants slowly transformed into sorrowful hymns(圣歌) sung by slaves that described their hardships.
These soulful accounts by slaves of the severe climate and conditions began to be called “the blues”，which continued in popularity among African Americans after the Civil War.This music increased in popularity into the early 1900s when many black musicians became an important part of the music industry.
The slaves that had been brought over were from all different regions of West Africa，but they worked together until they gradually formed a common culture.This strengthened the identity of their music that，in the 1950s，eventually led to the beginning of rock and roll.The Beatles，the most influential band of the 1960s，is often determined as the accelerator that resulted in the ideology(意识形态) surrounding music that is still around today.The freedom and individuality associated with that time period brought forth a whole culture surrounding music.It was not just music any more，but a lifestyle.
Over the decades，music has developed into such a vital part of society and pop culture.Musicians are glorified，with tons of adoring and screaming fans.The modern technology of present day has allowed for a greater gap between the creator of the music and the fans，as well as the widespread commercialization of music.However，criticisms of modern pop music often arise due to its mass production，and now there is lack of the same soul and quality of naturalness and simplicity in music that was rising in the early 20th century.
【解题导语】 当奴隶开始被从西非带到美国南部时，他们也带来了自己的文化——宗教、舞蹈、语言、音乐和烹饪。本文主要讲的是音乐在文化融合中的发展。
1．What contributed to the birth of the Charleston?
A．Various African religions.
B．People’s love of tribal dances.
C．A mix of two different cultures.
D．The popularity of sorrowful hymns.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A mix of the two cultures eventually appeared.The religious dance of the ring shout turned into modern dances like the Charleston”可知，两种文化的混合促进了Charleston的出现。故选C。
2．According to the passage，what can we learn about the blues?
A．It became popular in the late 20th century.
B．It may include the description of slaves’ sad lives.
C．It mainly told the stories of the American Civil War.
D．It reflected the hard lives of many black musicians.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These soulful accounts by slaves of the severe climate and conditions began to be called‘the blues’”可知，对在苛刻的气候和环境下工作的奴隶的那些深情凄婉的描述被称作“the blues”。故选B。
3．What does the underlined word “This” in the third paragraph refer to?
A．Slaves’ collective work.
B．One region of West Africa.
C．The new common culture.
D．The music by the Beatles.
C 解析：代词指代题。根据第三段中的“...they worked together until they gradually formed a common culture.This strengthened...”可知，他们一起工作直到他们逐渐形成一种共同的文化。故选C。
4．It can be learned that the music in the early 20th century ________．
A．possessed soul and sincerity
B．became more commercialized
C．was blamed for its mass production
D．widened the gap between musicians and fans
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“and now there is lack of the same soul and quality of naturalness and simplicity in music that was rising in the early 20th century”可知，选A。
B
Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，” says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context，” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”
【解题导语】 本文介绍了举办第一届国际爵士乐日的宗旨、当前爵士乐面临的挑战以及如何让爵士乐重新流行的设想。
5．Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?
A．To remember the birth of jazz.
B．To protect cultural diversity.
C．To encourage people to study music.
D．To recognize the value of jazz.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures”可知，联合国教科文组织近来把4月30日设立为国际爵士乐日，旨在增强人们对爵士乐价值的认识，故答案为D。
6．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
C 解析：代词指代题。根据语境可知，画线词that指代上段“Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。
7．What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?
A．It will disappear gradually.
B．It remains black and white.
C．It should keep up with the times.
D．It changes every 50 years.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的内容尤其是“It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same”可知，由于时代在改变，人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变，所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变，才能吸引更多的听众。
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Exploring the Future of Jazz
B．The Rise and Fall of Jazz
C．The Story of a Jazz Musician
D．Celebrating the Jazz Day
A 解析：标题归纳题。本文介绍了为保护爵士乐，联合国教科文组织设立国际爵士乐日。纵观全文内容尤其是第三至第六段中提到的杰森·莫兰对爵士乐的看法及希望可知，A项“探索爵士乐的未来”作本文标题最佳。
七选五
Change is scary.1.________It can go hand in hand with the fear that we might hurt someone else if we only think about ourselves.The truth is that you’re so much more courageous than you give yourself credit and far stronger than you realize.
Here are some ways that you can use to help yourself make the process of creating change more manageable.
Make change into small bite?size pieces.2.________Remember that as long as you attempt to take regular practice towards your goal，such as eating more healthily every day，or walking twenty minutes a day，you’re heading in the right direction to make changes.
Form a habit of keeping a diary every day.Writing a journal every night before going to bed can effectively help you cope with the emotional impact of the change process.Go to grab a pen or pencil and remember a journal is not for being neat and tidy with good spelling.3.________
Rest is essential to success.Have a rest and take time out to build your energy.4.________If we don’t give ourselves time to rest，we just end up burning out by the constant striving and worry.As we don’t have the energy to keep going，we have to give up!
5．________Just accept them! I’m sorry to say that unless some people are really secure in themselves and truly happy in their own life，they’re never going to like your changes.This has nothing to do with whether they love you or not.They are just for self?preservation! Therefore，give them a little time to adjust and get used to it.
A．No one else is going to like your changes.
B．Don’t try to eat the elephant in one sitting.
C．It is a step into the unknown.
D．Keep repeating your small steps over and over again.
E．It’s not being lazy to have time out.
F．It’s a private place where you can speak out your inner thoughts.
G．Creating change is about building your character.
答案：1－5.CBFEA
PAGE
1
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
宾 语
他们不会伤害我们。
They won’t hurt __________．
答案：us
5加5得10。
If you add ______ to ______，you get ______．
答案：5；5；10
他上周离开了那儿。
He left ____________ last week.
答案：there
她真想离开家吗？
Does she really mean ________________？
答案：to leave home
他上周戒烟了。
He stopped ____________ last week.
答案：smoking
你懂我的意思吗？
Do you understand ________________？
答案：what I mean
[自我探究]
上面几个句子告诉我们：宾语是谓语动词的承受者。其句式结构是：动词＋宾语或介词＋宾语。可以作宾语的有：代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、从句等。
一、宾语的含义及分类
宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者，因此一般置于及物动词之后。
Our team beat all the others.
我们的球队打败了其他所有的球队。
(1)但有时为了强调，宾语亦可置于句首。
Two weeks you shall have.
你可以有两周的时间。
(2)有时则为了上下文的衔接而将宾语置于句首。
This much we have achieved，but we are not complacent.
我们取得了这么多的成就，但我们并不自满。
可以用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、介词短语、从句等。但下列句子中不及物动词后的名词一般不看作是宾语，而应看作是状语。
He ran a mile. 他跑了一英里。
It costs twenty dollars.
它的价格是二十美元。
英语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语，即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object)。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人或物(多指人)。具有这样双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词(dative verb)，常用的有answer，bring，buy，deny，do，fetch，find，get，promise，read，refuse，save，sell，send，show，sing，take，teach，tell，throw，wish，write等。
(1)间接宾语一般与直接宾语连用，通常放在直接宾语之前。
He never made me such excuses.
他从未向我表示过这种歉意。
(2)由于种种原因，间接宾语亦可置于直接宾语之后，但其前一般需用介词to或for。
I gave my address to him.
我把我的地址给了他。(强调间接宾语him)
He threw the ball to me，not to Tom.
他将球扔给了我，没有扔给汤姆。(强调me和Tom，并使二者形成对照)
不少介词与动词已构成固定的短语动词，所以介词的宾语亦变为短语动词的宾语，如：think of，listen to，insist on，persist in，yearn for(怀念，渴望)，aim at，look for，abide by，account for，agree with，fall behind，live by，pay for等。有的介词则与“动词＋名词”一起构成固定的短语动词，如：take care of，pay attention to等介词亦可与“连系动词be＋形容词”构成固定词组，如：be fond of，be careful about，be angry with，be eager for等。形容词有时亦需要宾语，形容词的宾语多为不定式。
She is always ready to give a hand.
她总是愿意帮助人。
二、动名词作宾语
动名词作宾语有两种情况：一是有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语；二是有些动词后既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。
其后只能接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有：avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，feel like，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。
We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake.
我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。
Have you considered looking for one special friend？ 你是否考虑过找一位挚友？
Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper？ 晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗？
People couldn’t help laughing at the foolish man.
人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。
既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，try，mean，forget，remember，hate等。
(1)在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。
I love learning about new things from politics，sports and music.
我喜欢从政治、体育及音乐等方面学习新的事情。
We believe that many more people will prefer to travel by air.
我们相信将会有更多的人喜欢乘坐飞机旅行。
在would like/love/prefer之后，只能用不定式。
I’d prefer to do that tomorrow.
这事我想明天再做。
I’d like to do some shopping，but not during the day. 我倒是想去购物，但又不想白天去。
Oh，I would love to be a contestant.
噢，我倒是想做个参赛者。
(2)在begin，start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义没有很大区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。
Jazz started developing in the 1920s in the Southern United States. 20世纪20年代爵士音乐在美国南部各州开始发展。
The ship started to leak and began to fill with water.
船体开始出现漏洞，并开始进水。
①当begin，start与see，think，feel，understand等动词连用时，用不定式。
They began to understand how important the forest is.
他们开始明白森林有多么重要。
②begin，start用进行式时，后面只能接不定式。
I was beginning to wonder if it was easy enough to go on the climbing.
我开始想继续往上爬会不会越来越难。
I’m starting to put on weight again.
我又开始长胖了。
(3)在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语动作发生，不定式表示动作后于谓语动作。
I remember posting the letter.
我记得我已把信寄了。
I’ll remember to post the letter.
我会记得去寄信的。
I shall never forget seeing the famous writer.
我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。
Don’t forget to write to your mother.
不要忘了给你母亲写信。
I regret missing the report.
我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。
I regret to say I can’t take your advice.
我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。
(4)在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do意为“设法”，try doing意为“试试”；mean to do意为“打算，有意要做”，mean doing意为“意思是，意味着”。
We must try to get everything done in time.
我们必须设法及时把一切做好。
Let’s try doing the work in some other way.
让我们用别的方法试试做这项工作吧。
I didn’t mean to make you angry.
我并不想惹你生气。
Your plan would mean spending hours.
你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。
(5)go on doing与go on to do。
go on doing继续做一直在做的事；
go on to do接着做另一件事。
Please go on doing the same exercise.
请接着做同一个练习。
Please go on to do the other exercise.
请做另外一个练习。
(6)stop doing与stop to do。
stop doing停止做；
stop to do停下正在做的事去做另一件事。
We stopped talking. 我们停止了交谈。
We stopped to talk. 我们停了下来去谈话。
三、动名词作介词的宾语
动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。
介词＋动名词。
These methods apply to learning English.
这些方法适用于英语学习。
I apologize for being so angry with you.
我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。
动词＋介词＋动名词。
I insist on taking proper food for this expedition.
我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。
They’re thinking of moving to America.
他们想搬到美国去。
She was very interested in working for our company.
她对我们公司的工作很感兴趣。
下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to，look forward to，stick to，be used to等。
单句语法填空
We managed____________(send) him to a school for education.
答案：to send
Tom admitted____________(take) the book on the table.
答案：taking
Mr.Black devoted all he had to____________(set) up some schools for poor children.
答案：setting
4．Remember____________(buy)some stamps，won’t you?
答案：to buy
Missing the train means____________(wait) for another hour.
答案：waiting
The library needs____________(clean)，but it’ll have to wait until Sunday.
答案：cleaning
Do you mind my____________(open) the window?
答案：opening
She doesn’t allow____________(smoke)in her house.
答案：smoking
I’m sorry I missed____________(see) you while in Beijing.
答案：seeing
Hearing the story，the boy couldn’t help____________(laugh)．
答案：laughing
句型转换
Please show me your passport.
→Please show_____________________________________________________________.
答案：your passport to me
I think that it is important to study English well.
→I think________________________________________________________________.
答案：it important to study English well
At last the bird escaped and was not shot.
→At last the bird______________________．
答案：escaped being shot
I don’t know what I should do next.
→I don’t know________________________．
答案：what to do next
Can you imagine that he lived on an island alone for so many years?
→Can you imagine_______________________________ for so many years?
答案：him living on an island alone
I’m sorry that I’m not able to help you with the housework.
→I’m sorry that I can’t_________________________________.
答案：help you do the housework
语法填空
After senior school，many British teenagers choose to go to higher level education.Colleges and universities across the UK offer 1.____________(profession) programs such as medicine and law.When you choose a college or university，2.____________ is important to evaluate all of your options and consider factors such as the courses of study available，school activities 3.____________(offer)，fees and associated costs that may be charged and the location of the institution.After you 4.____________(successful) complete a degree program at a college or university，your qualifications 5.____________(recognize) by potential employers.
Some teenagers leave senior school and land their first paid job at the end of school year.Here are millions of jobs in the UK 6.____________do not require a college degree.The starting wages may be low for those 7.____________a degree or recognized qualification，but 8.____________(work) your way to the top is also possible.
Leaving senior school can be 9.____________(frighten)．You may find options everywhere，but no one can tell you which one is exactly right for you.Continuing your education and landing a job are two 10.____________(possible) for your future，but it is up to you to figure out which is your best choice.Good luck!
【解题导语】 对于高中毕业生来说，有些选择继续进入高校学习，有些则选择参加工作。
1．professional 解析：考查形容词。此处用形容词修饰名词programs，意为“职业的课程”。
2．it 解析：考查代词。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构。
3．offered 解析：考查非谓语动词。activities与offer之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词作后置定语。
4．successfully 解析：考查副词。此处用副词修饰谓语动词complete。
5．will be recognized 解析：考查时态和语态。时间状语从句中，从句用一般现在时，主句常用一般将来时。your qualifications与recognize 之间是被动关系。
6．that/which 解析：考查定语从句。先行词是jobs，指物，故用that/which引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
7．without 解析：考查介词。根据上文的do not require a college degree可知此处指没有学位的人；without意为“没有”。
8．working 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处用动名词作主语。
9．frightening 解析：考查形容词。此处用形容词作表语。
10．possibilities 解析：考查名词。根据语境可知句意为：继续学习或者参加工作都是你将来可能做的事。
如何介绍一种花
写作要求
介绍一种你熟悉的花，如rose (玫瑰)，chrysanthemum (菊花)，lily (百合)，daffodil (水仙花)，Rafflesia arnoldii (大王花)等。你可以从以下几个方面介绍：
产地。
典型特征，如花的颜色、形状或气味等。
如何传授花粉？
如何获取营养？
注意：1.词数：100词左右。
2．参考词汇：pollinator(授粉者，传粉者) pollen(花粉) parasite(寄生物)
审题谋篇
本文体裁为说明文，题材为植物介绍。
主题时态为一般现在时；中心人称为第三人称单数形式。
注意说明的顺序，即按照产地——特征——授粉——摄取营养的顺序进行描述。
写作过程中，发挥想象力和创造力，对题目要求中的要点内容进行适当扩展。
写作要点
大王花生长于东南亚的热带雨林，但是因为热带雨林的破坏，它已经数量稀少了。
①Rafflesia arnoldii ____________ the rainforest of Southeast Asia，but ____________ the destruction of the forests，it is becoming very rare.
②Rafflesia arnoldii，____________ in the rainforest of Southeast Asia，____________ very rare because the forests __________________________．
答案：①grows in; due to/because of/owing to
②growing; is becoming; are being destroyed
大王花花朵特别大，直径大约一米，是世界上最大的花。
①At about ____________，the flower of Rafflesia arnoldii is the largest flower in the world.
②The flower of Rafflesia arnoldii，which is extremely big ____________________，is larger than ________________ in the world.
答案：①one meter wide ②with a diameter about one meter; any other flower
大王花看上去或者闻起来都像腐烂的肉。
①The Rafflesia arnoldii flower looks and smells like ____________．
②____________________ the Rafflesia arnoldii is like rotting meat.
③The Rafflesia arnoldii flower looks and smells like the meat __________________．
答案：①rotting meat ②It looks and smells that
③which is getting rotten
这种气味就意味着大王花会吸引像苍蝇等食用动物死尸的昆虫来授粉。
①This kind of smell ____________ pollinators，such as flies and other insects that eat dead animals.
②This kind of smell means ____________ pollinators，such as flies and other insects that eat dead animals.
答案：①attracts ②attracting
然而，昆虫采它的花粉并传播到别的大王花上，而不是食用它。
①However，____________ getting a feed，the insects pick up its pollen and spread it to other Rafflesia plants.
②However，the insects pick up its pollen and spread it to other Rafflesia plants ____________ get a feed.
答案：①instead of ②rather than
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Rafflesia arnoldii
Rafflesia arnoldii grows in the rainforest of Southeast Asia，but due to the destruction of the forests，it is becoming very rare.At about one meter wide，the flower of Rafflesia arnoldii is the largest flower in the world.The Rafflesia arnoldii flower looks and smells like rotting meat.This means that it attracts pollinators，such as flies and other insects that eat dead animals.However，instead of getting a feed，the insects pick up its pollen and spread it to other Rafflesia plants.Rafflesia arnoldii doesn’t have any leaves，stems or roots.It doesn’t need them as it is a parasite and gets its food from another plant.
课时作业12
单句语法填空
1．Have you finished ____________(clean) the windows?
答案：cleaning
2．Would you mind ____________(turn) down your radio a little, please?
答案：turning
3．It’s not very productive to get angry and upset every time you fail ____________(do) something.
答案：to do
4．I’ve got used to ____________(work) at night.
答案：working
5．If you have let yourself go, you should consider ____________ (do) something about it for the sake of your health.
答案：doing
6．When my future children go to kindergarten, I would like ____________(do) some meaningful work.
答案：to do
7．She began ____________(think) she was wrong after a second thought.
答案：to think
8．We stopped ____________(talk) so as not to frighten the animals.
答案：talking
9．Journalists have to stop ____________(work) on another story.
答案：to work
10．We must apply our minds to ____________(find) a solution.
答案：finding
阅读理解
A
Almost no one can resist a good mystery novel or detective novel，so these novels sell thousands of copies each year.And many readers regard famous mystery author Agatha Christie as Queen of Crime，whose stories are known for their tense atmosphere and strong psychological suspense and have a great effect on the English mystery novels.
Christie was born in September 1890 in England.When she was growing up，her mother often told her stories.Christie loved these stories，which took her into a world of fantasy.Christie’s mother also encouraged her to write from a young age and also took her to travel a lot.
She married Archie Christie in 1914 at the beginning of World War Ⅰ.During the war，Christie wrote her first detective story: The Mysterious Affair at Styles.She chose the crime，and then invented a detective named Hercule Poirot，ranking second to Sherlock Holmes，to solve it.She sent the book to a publisher，but it was rejected.
After the war ended，Christie sent her book to more publishers，and finally，in 1920，one published it.She earned just $25 for it.Over the next few years，Christie wrote more books and short stories，gaining experience as a writer.In spite of her literary success，life was not going well at home.In 1928，Archie and Agatha got a divorce(离婚)．A short time later，she met a young archaeologist，Max Mallowan.After getting married in 1930，they began to spend some time each year in the Middle East，which provided settings for some of Christie’s novels，such as Murder at the Vicarage (1930)，Murder on the Orient Express (1934) and Death on the Nile(1939)．
Christie continued writing for the rest of her life.When she died in January 1976，readers around the world mourned(哀悼) her death.But her tales of mystery continue to be loved by new generations of readers.They’ve been translated into hundreds of languages and are selling well today and outsold_only_by_the_Bible_and_Shakespeare_in_Britain．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了英国著名侦探悬疑小说家阿加莎·克里斯蒂的生平和她在写作上取得的成就。
1．As a whole，this text ________．
A．is a biography of Agatha Christie
B．promotes Agatha Christie’s novels
C．explains how Agatha Christie became a writer
D．is a review of Agatha Christie’s novels
A 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了英国著名侦探悬疑小说家阿加莎·克里斯蒂的生平和她在写作上取得的成就，因此本文是她的人物传记。故A项正确。
2．What do we know about Hercule Poirot?
A．He was better known than Sherlock Holmes.
B．He made Christie become famous.
C．He was good at catching criminals.
D．He was the only main character in the novel.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She chose the crime，and then invented a detective named Hercule Poirot，ranking second to Sherlock Holmes，to solve it.”可知，C项正确。
3．From the underlined sentence “outsold only by the Bible and Shakespeare in Britain”，we can learn that ________．
A．the Bible helps her works to sell in Britain
B．the sales of her works rank third in Britain
C．the works of Shakespeare doesn’t sell better than hers in Britain
D．their sales are equally good in Britain
B 解析：句意理解题。由语境可知，她的作品被翻译成数百种语言，如今的销量依然不错。只有《圣经》和莎士比亚的作品比它卖得好一些。故B项正确。
4．Which is the right order for what Agatha Christie experienced?
①She had her first detective novel published.
②She finished The Mysterious Affair at Styles.
③Her mother encouraged her to write.
④Her marriage to Archie ended in divorce.
⑤She wrote Murder on the Orient Express.
A．③②④①⑤ B．③①②⑤④
C．②①③⑤④ D．③②①④⑤
D 解析：细节理解题。综合全文信息可知，“她母亲鼓励她写作”最先发生，由此可排除选项C；由第三、四段可知，②先于①发生，①先于④发生，由此可排除A、B两项。故D项正确。
B
There are many ways to find a job.It can be as easy as walking into a neighborhood store to look at its announcement board.Local stores often have areas where people can put small signs telling what kind of service they need or can provide.Such services include caring for children or cleaning houses.
Or，job searchers can look in the newspaper.Local newspapers have employment announcements placed by companies seeking workers.
Another popular tool for finding jobs is the Internet.For example，people in four hundred and fifty cities around the world can use the Craigslist Web site to buy objects，meet people or find a job.Craigslist says that it receives two million new job listings each month.
Another useful way to find a job is through a college or university.For example，students at the University of Texas in Austin can go to the Career Exploration Center to get help in finding a job.Of course，looking for a job requires knowing what kind of work you want to do.For example，there is a book called What Color is Your Parachute(降落伞)? by Richard Bolles.This book has been helping people choose a career(职业) since it was first published in nineteen seventy.
Some experts also help people find jobs.Susan W．Miller owns a company called California Career Services in Los Angeles.She says her company helps people find jobs by first helping them understand their strengths，goals and interests.Then she provides them with methods and resources to help them find the right job.
5．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Finding a job.
B．College students’ part?time job.
C．Craigslist Web site.
D．The relation between study and work.
A 解析：主旨大意题。文章给出了多种找工作的方式，每一段给出一种方法。
6．What Color is Your Parachute? is a book which gives tips to those who want to ________．
A．work on the airplane
B．buy a parachute
C．publish a book
D．find a suitable job
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的This book has been helping people choose a career(职业) since it was first published in nineteen seventy.可知这本书是帮助别人去选择自己的职业，帮助那些想找到合适工作的人。
7．It can be learned from the passage that ________．
A．companies often put job information in local shops
B．the Internet is the most popular tool for job hunters in the USA
C．Susan W．Miller’s company is helping people choose careers
D．California Career Services mainly serves university students
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的Susan W．Miller owns a company called California Career Services in Los Angeles.She says her company helps people find jobs by first helping them understand their strengths，goals and interests.可知Susan W．Miller的公司是在帮助人们选择职业。
8．How many ways of finding a job are mentioned in the passage?
A．Three. B．Four.
C．Five. D．Six.
C 解析：细节理解题。文章一共五段，每一段提出一种找工作的方法。第一段是到商家直接找；第二段通过报纸；第三段通过网络；第四段通过大学；第五段通过专家及专门公司的帮助。
语法填空
After reading an article 1.____________(entitle) Cigarette Smoking and Your Health, I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife 2.____________(suffer) terribly. I had all the usual 3.____________(symptom) of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on 4.____________ (offer) me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt 5.____________(extreme) uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me 6.____________(accept) a cigarette, it was 7.____________ than I could bear.I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked 8.____________ satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things returned to normal once more. Anyway, 9.____________ Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He 10.____________ has done it lots of times.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者戒烟失败的事情。
1．entitled 解析：考查非谓语动词。article与entitle之间存在动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。an article entitled...意为“一篇题为……的文章”。
2．suffered 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示过去的动作，故用suffered。
3．symptoms 解析：考查名词单复数。此空前有all修饰，应用名词复数形式。
4．offering 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处存在固定搭配keep on doing sth.，意为“持续做某事”。
5．extremely 解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰形容词uncomfortable，应用副词形式。
6．to accept 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处存在固定搭配urge sb. to do sth.，意为“力劝某人做某事”。
7．more 解析：考查固定搭配。此处more than...can/could意为“不能”。
8．with 解析：考查固定搭配。with satisfaction意为“满足地，满意地”。
9．as 解析：考查关系代词。as sb. point out意为“正如某人指出的”。
10．himself 解析：考查反身代词。此处表示他自己就已经戒烟多次了。
书面表达
根据下列提示，写一篇短文，介绍你们学校：
1．位于城市的西北角，在2000年建成并投入使用；
2．是全市最好的学校之一；
3．现有60个班级，近3 000名学生；
4．校园美丽，教学设备先进；
5．教师经验丰富，工作努力，培养出大批优秀学生，并为北大、清华等名牌大学输送很多学子。
注意：词数100左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Located in the northwest of the city, the project of building our school was completed in 2000 and it was put to use in the same year.
Now, there are nearly 3，000 students studying hard here, who are divided into 60 classes. Equipped with modern teaching facilities, our school has a fascinating campus covered with green trees, flowers and grass. The teachers are well experienced and
they all put their hearts into teaching. Many students of high quality have been educated since the founding of the school.
It is now one of the best schools in the city, sending many students to such famous universities as Peking University and Tsinghua University.
PAGE
1
