Unit 1 Breaking records
我们大家都知道身体健康的重要性。青少年时代是否坚持体育运动,对我们一生的大脑健康都有深远的影响。那么就让我们了解更多的锻炼与健康的关系吧。
Physical activity in teens linked to
mental skills in late life
How active you are early in life may affect how able?minded you are late in life.That was the finding of a new study of cognitive impairment(认知损害).
The study involved more than nine thousand women in the United States over the age of sixty-five.They answered questions about their level of physical activity as teenagers and at thirty,fifty and late in life.
Laura Middleton of the Health Sciences Center in Canada led the study.
“People who were physically active on a regular basis had a lower risk of a loss in mental abilities in late life.It seemed that teenage physical activity was particularly important in terms of the prevention of cognitive impairment,” Laura Middleton said.
Laura Middleton noted two long-lasting effects that physical activity can have on teenagers.Exercise could help strengthen the blood vessels(血管) that carry blood and oxygen to the brain.Also,physical activity is known to improve the brain’s ability to repair itself.
Women who said they were physically active even once a week showed less loss in mental abilities as measured by a test.There was not a strong link between the amount of physical activity and the extent(程度) of loss.But the link was the strongest among those who were active as teenagers.
Laura Middleton says other studies of exercise and cognitive skills have found a stronger link in women than in men.Still,she says,there is no reason to suggest that the finding about teenage physical activity should not apply to men as well.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Preparing
boxing n. 拳击
extreme adj. 极端的;偏激的
approximately adv. 近似地;大约地
unfit adj. 不适宜的;不太健康的
conventional adj. 习俗的;传统的
motivation n. 动机
tough adj. 强硬的;困难的
adv. 顽强地
spiritual adj. 精神上的
9.devotion n. 热爱;投入
10.fascinate vt. 使着迷;入迷
11.accomplish vt. 完成;实现
12.hurdling n. 跨栏运动
in reality 实际上;现实
2.burst into laughter 突然大笑起来
3.make an adjustment 做调整
4.urge sb.to do 督促/劝说某人干某事
5.regret doing 后悔做了某事
6.break Guinness records 打破吉尼斯纪录
allow/permit sb.to do 容许/允许某人干某事
rather than 而不是
9.as well as 也;和……一起
10.give up 放弃
1.Over the last 25 years,he has_broken_approximately 93 Guinness records.
在过去的25年里,他大约已经打破了93项吉尼斯世界纪录。
2.While these activities might seem childish and cause laughter rather_than respect,in reality they_require_an_enormous_amount_of_strength_and_fitness as well as determination.
虽然这些活动看起来孩子气且令人发笑而不是让人肃然起敬,但实际上,这些活动却需要强大的力量、健康的体格和坚定的决心。
3.He had been urged by his spiritual leader to enter the marathon even_though_he_had_done_no_training.
尽管从没有训练过,他还是受到他的精神领袖的敦促参加了马拉松比赛。
Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
What’s the main idea of the text?
A.Actions speak louder than words.
B.There is only one perfect road—try your best.
C.You can use your spirit to accomplish anything.
D.A bad beginning makes a bad ending.
From the text,we know Ashrita has________.
A.broken the most Olympic Games records
B.had the most Guinness records
C.set imaginative and interesting records
D.broken 93 Guinness records
According to the text,which one is TRUE?
A.Somersaulting is an easy event.
B.A Swiss ball looks easy but needs a lot of concentration and a great sense of balance to stay on it.
C.As a teenager Ashrita was healthy.
D.Ashrita is English.
Which event that he has experienced needs strength most?
A.Doing gymnastically correct lunges.
B.Walking with a bottle of milk on his head.
C.Standing on top of a Swiss ball.
D.Somersaulting.
It is known from the text that Ashrita is grateful to his teacher because he________.
A.thinks he can accomplish anything without spirit
B.thinks that he should be devoted to his teacher or he cannot be successful
C.thinks it is his teacher who makes him successful
D.thinks he can do anything if he is willing to
答案:1-5.BBBAC
Read the passage carefully and tell the statements True (T) or False (F).
Over the last 25 years,Ashrita Furman has broken more than 93 Guinness records.( )
Ashrita Furman achieved his dream of breaking a record in all seven continents including hula hooping in Austria.( )
Ashrita is not a born talent in sports.( )
Sri Chinmoy has been the teacher of Ashrita from the time when Ashrita was 16 years old.( )
In a 24?hour bicycle marathon in 1978,Ashrita got into the Guinness Book of World Records.( )
答案:1-5.FFTTF
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
Over the last 25 years,Ashrita Furman 1.____________ (break) approximately 93 Guinness records,2.____________ are not made in any 3.____________ (convention) sport.
4.____________ these activities might seem childish and cause laughter,in 5.____________ (real) they require an enormous amount of strength and 6.____________ (fit) as well as determination.
He was fascinated by the Guinness Book of World Records.And his teacher kept 7.____________ (tell) him that it is just as important for people to develop their bodies as it is to develop their minds,hearts and 8.____________ (spirit) selves.
Every time Ashrita tries to break a record,he reaches a point 9.____________ he feels he cannot physically do any more.10.____________ he always remembers,“There is only one perfect road.It is ahead of you,always ahead of you.”
答案:1.has broken 2.which 3.conventional
4.While 5.reality 6.fitness 7.telling 8.spiritual 9.where 10.But
PAGE
1
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
Over the last 25 years,he has broken approximately 93 Guinness records.
在过去的25年里,他大约打破了93项吉尼斯世界纪录。
①The plane will be landing in approximately 20 minutes.
这架飞机将在大约二十分钟后着陆。
②The approximate number of students in this school is 3,000.
这所学校学生的人数大约为3 000人。
[自我探究]
approximately意为大约,是副词;其形容词是approximate,意为近似的,大约的,大概的。
approximately adv. 大约,近似
approximate adj. 近似的,大约的,大概的
v. 接近,近似(常与介词to连用)
③The total income approximates $10,000.
总收入近一万美元。
[巧学活用]——用approximate的适当形式填空
The cost given is only____________.
答案:approximate
While these activities might seem childish and cause laughter rather than respect,in reality they require an enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination.
虽然这些活动看起来孩子气且令人发笑而不是让人肃然起敬,但实际上,这些活动却需要强大的力量、健全的体格和坚定的决心。
(1)rather than
①They were determined to die rather than surrender. 他们宁死不屈。
②I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee.我想要冷饮,而不要咖啡。
③It ought to be you rather than me that sign the letter.
在信上署名的应该是你而不是我。
[自我探究]
rather than意为而不是,并列前后两个对称的部分。
(1)rather than 而不是(是并列连词或介词,用于连接两个并列成分)
(2)other than 除了……;除……以外
(常用于否定句中,相当于except,but等)
(3)would rather do...than do=would do...rather than do...
宁可……而不愿……
(4)would rather+宾语从句(从句常用虚拟语气,表示愿望) 宁愿……
(5)prefer to do...rather than do...or rather
宁愿……而不愿……更确切地说
④I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.
我决定写信而不是打电话。
⑤You can’t go to that island other than by boat.
你只能乘船去那个岛屿。
⑥He prefers to see the film rather than read the novel.
他宁愿看电影而不愿看这部小说。
⑦I would rather you came tomorrow.
我宁愿你明天来。
(2)in reality
Outwardly she seemed confident but,in reality she felt extremely nervous. 表面上看起来,她显得信心十足,而实际上却紧张得要命。
[自我探究]
in reality意为实际上;现实=in_fact/as_a_matter_of_fact。
(3)require
①They require our help.
他们需要我们的帮助。
②This plan requires careful consideration.
这项计划有必要仔细考虑。
[自我探究]
require意为需求,需要,是动词,后面可跟名词作宾语。
(1)require sth. 需要
(2)require that从句(从句要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用should+do,should可省略)
需要……
(3)require doing sth. 需要做……
③This work requires patience.
这项工作需要耐心。
④They required that I (should) arrive at 6:00 a.m. 他们要求我上午6点钟到达。
⑤The blackboard requires cleaning.
黑板需要擦干净。
require to do sth.,require doing sth.都表示“需要做某事”。接动词不定式时,句子的主语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,接动名词时,句子的主语则是动名词的逻辑主语。
⑥He requires to see my passport.
他要看我的护照。
⑦The house requires painting.
这所房子需要喷漆。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)我们原以为他们是来修电话的,但实际上他们是小偷。
We thought they had come to repair the phone,________________________.
(2)他们要求我们立即做出决定。
They required that______________________.
答案:(1)but in reality they were thieves
(2)we (should) make an immediate decision
Think about the fine neck adjustments needed to keep a full bottle of milk on your head while you are walking.
想象一下你在行走时头顶顶着满满一瓶子牛奶,那需要很好地调节你的脖子。
①Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform.
一些学校将不得不做出调整, 以便和国家足球改革保持一致。
[自我探究]
adjustment 是名词,意为调节;调整(常与介词to搭配)。
(1)make an adjustment 作出调整
(2)adjust vi.&vt. 调整;(使)适合
adjust sth.to sth. 调整……以适应……
adjust (oneself) to 使(自己)适应于……
(3)adjustable adj. 可调整的; 可调节的
②However, I think that you will quickly adjust to them although the weather and the food are different from yours.
然而,虽然天气、食物与你们那的不同,我相信你会很快适应的。
③This adjustable chair is comfortable to sit on.
这把可调整的椅子坐上去很舒服。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
在高中时迈克的妈妈为他做了几乎所有的事情。这让他难以适应大学第一年的生活。
(1)Mike’s mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school,______________________________________________________________.(定语从句)
(2)Mike’s mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school,___________________________________.(现在分词作结果状语)
答案:(1)which made it difficult for him to adjust to the first?year college life
(2)making it difficult for him to adjust to the first?year college life
Somersaulting is a tough event as you have to overcome dizziness,extreme tiredness and pain. 翻筋斗难度很大,因为你必须克服眩晕、极度疲劳以及疼痛。
(1)tough
①Children’s shoes need to be tough.
孩子们的鞋要牢固耐穿。
②It was tough to get a job.
找工作真不容易。
③They put up tough measures to deal with terrorism.
他们提出了对付恐怖主义的严厉措施。
④You need to be tough to survive in the jungle.
你要在丛林中活下来就要有坚忍不拔的精神。
[自我探究]
tough是形容词,意为坚强的;坚韧的;牢固的;硬的;严格的;困难的;难对付的。
be/get tough with sb. 对某人采取强硬手段
be tough on sb. 严格对待某人
⑤It’s time to get tough with robbers.
该对抢劫者采取强硬手段了。
⑥Don’t be too tough on him;he was only trying to help. 别对他要求过严,他只是想帮忙。
(2)extreme
①We are working under extreme pressure at the moment. 目前我们正在极大的压力下工作。
②Love and hate are extremes of feeling.
爱和恨是感情的两个极端。
[自我探究]
extreme是形容词,意为极端的,极度的,偏激的;如果是名词,意为极端,极度(状态)。
(1)go to extremes=run to an extreme 走极端
in the extreme 极端地;非常
(2)extremely adv. 极其;极端;非常
extremely important/useful/complicated 极为重要/有用/复杂
③He could not tolerate the extremes of heat in the desert.
他忍受不了沙漠的酷热。
④The journey would be dangerous in the extreme.
这段旅程将是极其危险的。
⑤She found it extremely difficult to learn English.
她发现学英语极其困难。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)政府应该对极端分子采取强硬的手段。
The government should____________________the extremists.
(2)这项工作的后半部分将会是极其困难的。
The latter of the job would be difficult____________________.
答案:(1)get tough with (2)in the extreme
However,he was fascinated by the Guinness Book of World Records.
然而,他对《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》这本书很感兴趣。
①It was a question that fascinated him since he was a boy.
这是一个从他是个孩子时就一直让他着迷的问题。
②The children were fascinated by the toys in the shop window.
孩子们被商店橱窗里的玩具吸引住了。
[自我探究]
fascinate是动词,意为使着迷,入迷。有一个常用的短语是be_fascinated_by/with...,意为“对……着迷,被……所吸引”。
fascinating adj. 吸引人的;迷人的;使人神魂颠倒的
fascination n. 魅力;魔力;着迷;入迷
[巧学活用]——完成句子
那些男孩子被西湖的美景所吸引。
The boys________________the beauty of the West Lake.
答案:were fascinated with
When Ashrita came third in a 24?hour bicycle marathon in New York’s Central Park in 1978,he knew that he would one day get into the Guinness Book of World Records.
当阿什里塔于1978年在纽约中心公园的24小时自行车马拉松比赛获得第三名时,他知道他将来某天会进入《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》。
①Don’t get into a temper. 别发脾气。
②I’m sorry if I got you into trouble.
如果我给你增添了麻烦,我十分抱歉。
③Don’t let the children get into the habit of going to bed late.
别让孩子们养成晚睡的习惯。
④I’m getting into fitness since I joined the health club.
自从加入健身俱乐部,我对健身运动很着迷。
[自我探究]
get into意为陷入;学会;习惯于;参与;被录取;开始从事某职业;对……产生强烈的兴趣。
get hold of 抓住
get away from 离开,摆脱;回避;否认
get out of 从……中出来;从……中得到,
逃避,改掉(习惯)
get rid of 去掉(坏习惯);摆脱;消灭
get up 起床,站起来
get in 收获;购买,买进
get through 接通(电话);让人了解;办完;
完成;了结;(使议案在议会)通过
get over 克服,摆脱
get sb.into the habit of 使某人养成……的习惯
He had been urged by his spiritual leader to enter the marathon even though he had done no training.
尽管从没有训练过,他还是受到他的精神领袖的敦促参加了马拉松比赛。
①He urged his followers on.
他催促后面的人快走。
②He urged on us the necessity of patience.
他对我们强调忍耐是必要的。
③He urged that we should go.
=He urged us to go.
=He urged our going.
他催我们走。
[自我探究]
urge sb.to do sth.=urge sb.into_doing sth.催促某人做某事;urge on sb.鼓励某人,为某人加油;urge that...要求……,从句需使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用should+动词原形,且should可省略。
urge v. 鼓励,激励;力劝;竭力主张
urgent adj. 紧急的;紧迫的;迫切的
urgency n. 紧急;迫切
[巧学活用]——完成句子
他们敦促将救济工作放在优先位置。
They urged that__________________________.
答案:relief work should be given priority
...and that he seemed to be able to use his spirit to accomplish anything.
……而且他好像能够用他的精神来完成任何事情。
①You have accomplished a purpose.
你已经达到目的了。
②He is so lazy that he will never accomplish anything.
他那么懒,将一事无成。
③I don’t feel I have accomplished very much today.
我觉得我今天没有干成多少事。
[自我探究]
accomplish是及物动词,意为完成,做到。
accomplish vt. 完成,贯彻,实现(计划等),达到(目的);实行
accomplished adj. 才华高的;技艺高超的;熟练的
accomplishment n. 成绩;成就;技艺,专长
accomplish one’s object 达到目的
accomplish one’s mission 完成使命
④They didn’t accomplish the purpose desired.
他们没有完成预期的目标。
⑤The whole journey was accomplished in five weeks.
全部旅程用了五个星期。
⑥She is an accomplished artist.
她是一位技艺高超的艺术家。
⑦It was one of the president’s greatest accomplishments. 那是总统最伟大的成绩之一。
单词 意义区别
accomplish 通常接task,aim,journey,voyage等名词,指“成功完成预期目标”
complete 可接建筑、工程、书籍等名词,指“按预期目的把未完成的工作经过进一步的努力使之完成”,主要含义是“竣工”
finish 在许多情况下与complete换用,但强调事情的“了结,终止,结束”
achieve 指“完成计划、大业等”,多指完成伟大功业
⑧When will work on the highway be completed?
高速公路什么时候能完工?
⑨The university has achieved all its goals this year.
这所大学今年已经实现了所有的奋斗目标。
⑩What time does the concert finish?
音乐会何时结束?
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)通过极大的努力,这项工作已被完成。
This task______________________with great efforts.
(2)以任何标准来衡量,过去一年取得的成就是非凡的。
By any standards,____________________are extraordinary.
答案:(1)has been accomplished
(2)the accomplishments of the past year
The motivation to keep trying to break records comes through his devotion to Sri Chinmoy.
一直想打破纪录的动机贯穿于他对斯里琴摩的热爱。
(1)motivation
①Most people say that pay is their main motivation for working.
大多数人说工作的主要动机在于报酬。
②The stronger the motivation,the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.
一个人学外语的动机越强,那么就学得越快。
[自我探究]
motivation是名词,意为动机,积极性。常用搭配为the motivation to_do_sth./for_sth.,意为做……的动机。
(1)motivate vt. 激励;推动;成为……的动机
motivate sb.to do sth. 督促某人做某事
(2)motive n. 动机,原因;目的
③He has no motive for helping us.
他帮助我们没有什么动机。
(2)devotion
①His devotion to the cause of peace is well known.
他对和平事业的献身精神是众所周知的。
②He told of his devotion to duty.
他谈到了他忠于职守。
③We were moved by his devotion to his students.
他热爱自己的学生,我们很受感动。
[自我探究]
devotion是名词,意为热爱,投入;one’s devotion to+n.对……的热爱、钟情。
devote v. 奉献,献身于
devoted adj. 热爱的,非常忠实的;全心全意的
devote (time;one’s life;money;energy)to (doing) sth.
把(时间、生命、金钱、精力)奉献于(做)某事
devote oneself to 献身于……
be devoted to... 献身于……;忠于……
④The death of his devoted friend made him sad.
他忠实的朋友的去世使他很悲痛。
⑤He was still devoted to the study of chemistry.
他仍专心致力于化学研究。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)他们缺乏学习的积极性。
They lack____________________.
(2)他对音乐的挚爱是显而易见的。
________________________is plain to see.
答案:(1)the motivation to study
(2)His devotion to music
Every time Ashrita tries to break a record,he reaches a point where he feels he cannot physically do any more.
每一次阿什里塔想打破纪录时,他感觉自己的身体达到了极限无法再度创新。
①Every time I meet him,he always smiles at me.
每次见到他,他总向我微笑。
②The photo reminds me of my childhood every time I see it. 每次看到这张照片,我就想起了我的童年。
③Don’t refer to a dictionary every time you meet a new word. 不要每次遇到生词就停下来查词典。
[自我探究]
every time是名词词组,意为每一次;在此充当连词的作用,在句中引导时间状语从句。
可以引导时间状语从句的名词词组有each time/every time/the first time/next time等名词词组,在此处相当于一个连词可以直接引导一个时间状语从句。当主句的时态是一般将来时时,所引导的状语从句要用一般现在时。除此以外,还有以下几个名词短语和副词也可以引导时间状语从句:the minute/the moment/the instant意为“一……就……”以及instantly,directly,immediately等词都可以。
④She rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise. 她一听到声音就跑进屋里了。
⑤Each time we made mistakes in our homework,he would ask us to correct them. 我们每一次在家庭作业中出现了错误,他都要我们改正。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)他们第一次见面就相爱了。
They fell in love_________________________________________.
(2)下一次你来时,请把你的女儿带来。
______________________________,please bring your daughter.
(3)上一次参加考试,他名列第二。
__________________________,he came second.
答案:(1)the first time they met
(2)Next time you come
(3)Last time he took the examination
课时作业1
单句语法填空
1.With so many workers leaving the factory,he faces the ____________(tough) test of his leadership.
答案:toughest
2. ____________ fascinates me most about him is his accent.Where does he come from?
答案:What
3.Having been told ____________(exact)where he lived,I had no difficulty in finding Peter’s address.
答案:exactly
4.The ____________ (devote)of too much time to sports leaves too little time for studying.
答案:devotion
5.Her ____________ (laugh) is contagious.
答案:laughter
6.I think it is as necessary to write English articles ____________ to listen to and read English texts.
答案:as
7.When I go out in the morning I use the bike rather ____________ the car if I can.
答案:than
8.The participants of the meeting were very excited ____________ the discussion.
答案:about
9.The journey took ____________(approximate) seven hours.
答案:approximately
10.She went through a period of emotional ____________(adjust) after her marriage broke up.
答案:adjustment
阅读理解
At 39 weeks pregnant most women would only be thinking of racing to hospital. But not Amber Miller, who set off to run the Chicago Marathon while expecting her second child any day.
As she neared the final stage of the race, she began to feel pain in the stomach. But the determined athlete managed to cross the finish line in 6 hours and 25 minutes.
Unbelievably the Chicago race was not even baby June’s first marathon—Miller ran the Wisconsin Marathon earlier this year, four months pregnant. She also ran another marathon when she was about four months pregnant with her son, Caleb.
Although there was extra weight, the seasoned runner’s time was just 3 hours off her personal best.
Miller began to feel pain near the end of the race, but she was not sure if it was labor(分娩), because she typically feels some pain when she runs while pregnant. After her race her husband drove her to Central DuPage Hospital in Winfield where she gave birth to the healthy 7 pounds, 13 ounce baby.
Miller decided to run because she and her husband had already signed up for the race. The athletic mother said she experienced an enthusiastic welcome from crowds as she ran along. But the devoted runner, who had completed eight marathons, admitted that she did get a few strange looks along the course.
“I know what I can handle. This is something I’ve been doing for a long time,” the experienced marathon runner said.
June was born at 10:29 p.m. on Sunday night after seven hours’ labor. “She’s absolutely perfect,” Miller said. “We are extremely happy, but very tired.”
After her surprising double achievement, Miller says she is planning to take some time off to concentrate on being a fulltime mom.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了在芝加哥马拉松赛上,Amber Miller已怀孕39周,但她坚持用6个小时25分钟完成了马拉松赛并在当晚产下了小女儿June。
1.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Miller failed to finish the race due to her labor.
B.Miller’s husband was against her running the race.
C.Miller knew she was going to give birth at the end of the race.
D.It wasn’t Miller’s first time to run a marathon while pregnant.
D 解析: 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知,这并非Miller第一次以孕妇之身参加马拉松比赛。年初,已经怀孕4个月的她参加了威斯康星州马拉松比赛。此外,在怀着第一个孩子Caleb的时候,她也参加过马拉松比赛。故选D。
2.What is the name of Miller’s kid born right after the Chicago Marathon?
A.Caleb. B.June.
C.Amber. D.Wisconsin.
B 解析: 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句及倒数第二段中的“June was born at 10:29 p.m. on Sunday night after seven hours’ labor.”可知,芝加哥马拉松比赛结束后,Miller的小女儿June诞生了。故选B。
3.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.People have different attitudes to Miller’s action.
B.Miller will soon return for her favorite marathons.
C.The baby was in danger at birth because of the race.
D.Miller’s personal best in marathons was over 6 hours.
A 解析: 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“The athletic mother said she experienced an enthusiastic welcome from crowds as she ran along. But the devoted runner, who had completed eight marathons, admitted that she did get a few strange looks along the course.”可知,人们对Miller怀孕仍坚持跑马拉松比赛有着不同的态度。故选A。
4.What is the best title of the passage?
A.A Young American Couple Loving Marathons
B.How to Finish the Latest Chicago Marathon
C.How to Train a Pregnant Woman for Marathons
D.A Pregnant Woman Giving Birth After a Marathon
D 解析: 标题归纳题。本文讲述了在芝加哥马拉松赛上,Amber Miller已怀孕39周,但她坚持用6个小时25分钟完成了马拉松赛并在当晚产下了小女儿。故选D。
完形填空
Life is filled with challenges.As we get older we__1__ realize that those challenges to the very things that__2__ us and make us who we are,it is the same with the challenges that come with__3__.
When we are faced with a challenge,we usually have two__4__.We can try to beat it off,or we can decide that the thing__5__ the challenge isn’t worth the __6__ and call it quits.Although there are certainly__7__when calling it quits is the right thing to do,in most__8__ all that is needed is__9__and communication.
When we are committed to something,it means that no matter how__10__ or how uncomfortable something is,we will always choose to__11__ it and work it through instead of running away from it.Communication is making a __12__ for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong.__13__you can say to a friend,“I got my feelings hurt.”__14__“You hurt my feelings,” you are going to be able to solve the problem much faster.
In dealing with the many challenges that friendship will bring to you,try to see them for__15__ they are:small hurdles you need to jump or__16__ on your way through life.Nothing is so big that it is__17__ to get over,and hurt only__18__ to make us stronger.It’s all part of growing up,it__19__to everyone,and some day you will __20__ all of this and say,“Hard as it was,it made me who I am today.And that is a good thing.”
1.A.seem to B.come to
C.hope to D.try to
B 解析:come to意为“开始被……所认识;被……所记起”,表示随着我们年龄的增加,我们开始认识到正是这些挑战把我们塑造,并使我们成了现在的样子。seem to意为“似乎”;hope to意为“希望”;try to意为“试图”。
2.A.design B.promote
C.direct D.shape
D 解析:shape意为“定形,使成形,塑造”。that引导定语从句,指代先行词the very things,表示正是把我们塑造,并使我们成了现在的样子的事。design意为“设计,计划,谋划,构思”;promote意为“促进,发扬,提升,提拔,晋升为”;direct意为“指引,指示,指挥,命令;导演”。
3.A.confidence B.pressure
C.friendship D.difficulty
C 解析:friendship意为“友谊,友好”。根据最后一段的“In dealing with the many challenges that friendship will bring to you”可判断出友谊也是这样。confidence意为“信心”;pressure意为“压,压力,压迫,强制,紧迫”;difficulty意为“困难,难点”。
4.A.opportunities B.expectations
C.choices D.aspects
C 解析:choice意为“选择,抉择”。根据下文中的“We can try to beat it off,or we can decide that the thing...”可判断出当我们面对挑战时有两种选择。opportunity意为“机会,时机”;expectation意为“期待,预料,指望”;aspect意为“样子,(问题等的)方面”。
5.A.demanding B.deserving
C.predicting D.presenting
A 解析:demand意为“要求,需要”,表示需要挑战的事。deserve意为“应受,值得”;predict意为“预知,预言,预报”;present意为“介绍,引见”。
6.A.comment B.loss
C.trouble D.expense
C 解析:trouble意为“烦恼,麻烦”。根据下文中的call it quits可判断出不值得烦恼。comment意为“注释,评论,意见”;loss意为“损失,遗失,失败”;expense意为“费用,代价”。
7.A.spans B.times
C.dates D.ages
B 解析:time作可数名词表示“次数”。span意为“跨度,跨距,范围”;date意为“日期,日子,(历史上某一)年代,时期”;age意为“年龄,时代”。
8.A.cases B.fields
C.parts D.occasions
A 解析:case意为“情况”。本处表示“在大多数情况下”。field意为“原野,领域,(一块)田地”;part意为“部分,零件,角色”;occasion意为“场合,时机,机会”。
9.A.assessment B.commitment
C.encouragement D.adjustment
B 解析:commitment意为“(受)约束,承担义务”。本句表示“一切所需要的是受到约束”。assessment意为“估价,被估定的金额”;encouragement意为“鼓励,奖励”;adjustment意为“调整,调节”。
10.A.doubtful B.shameful
C.harmful D.painful
D 解析:painful意为“疼痛的,使痛苦的”。根据下文中的how uncomfortable可判断出当我们受到某事的约束时,这就意味着无论多么痛苦,多么不舒服,我们都要面对它,并把它解决,而不是躲避。doubtful意为“可疑的,不明确的,疑心的”;shameful意为“不体面的”;harmful意为“有害的,伤害的”。
11.A.keep B.control
C.face D.catch
C 解析:face意为“面对,面向,面临”。本处表示面临挑战。keep意为“保持”;control意为“控制,支配”;catch意为“捕获,赶上(车、船等)”。
12.A.space B.plan
C.topic D.room
A 解析:space意为“空间,间隔”;表示“交流提供了讨论的空间”。plan意为“计划,设计图,平面图”;topic意为“话题,主题”;room意为“房间;空间”,作空间解时,是不可数名词,不与不定冠词连用。
13.A.If B.As
C.While D.Unless
A 解析:if意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句。表示如果你对朋友说“我的感情受到了伤害”。as意为“当……的时候”;while意为“当……的时候”;unless意为“如果不,除非”。
14.A.other than B.rather than
C.or rather D.or else
B 解析:rather than意为“宁可……也不愿”。表示宁愿说“我的感情受到了伤害”,而不说“你伤害了我的感情”。other than意为“不同于,除了”;or rather意为“确切地说,说得更准确些”;or else意为“否则”。
15.A.what B.who
C.where D.which
A 解析:what引导宾语从句,作介词for的宾语。what在从句中作are的表语。因为指的是什么样的人,所以要用what而不用who。
16.A.pass by B.come across
C.get through D.run over
C 解析:get through意为“通过”。根据上文中的small hurdles可判断出表示越过障碍。pass by意为“经过,通过”;come across意为“来到,偶遇”;run over意为“跑过去”。
17.A.unnecessary B.necessary
C.impossible D.possible
C 解析:impossible意为“不可能的”。句意为“没有越不过去的障碍”。unnecessary意为“不必要的”;necessary意为“必要的,必需的,必然的”;possible意为“可能的”。
18.A.serves B.means
C.aims D.attempts
A 解析:serve意为“服务,对……有用”。表示伤害只能使我们更坚强。故选A项。mean意为“想要,预定,有意义”;aim意为“对……瞄准,打算”;attempt意为“尝试,企图”。
19.A.opens B.appeals
C.goes D.happens
D 解析:happen意为“发生”。表示这对任何人都会发生。open意为“打开,公开,开放”;appeal意为“求助,申诉,要求”;go意为“离去,走”。
20.A.look down on B.look back on
C.look forward to D.look up to
B 解析:look back on意为“回忆”。根据下文中的“Hard as it was,it made me who I am today.”可判断出有一天你会回忆这一切事。look down on意为“轻视,看不起”;look forward to意为“期望,期待,盼望”;look up to意为“尊敬,仰望”。
短文改错
In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction
was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
答案:
In the summer holiday following my birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, once I started the car, my mind blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the , “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “ left!” I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes , the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a stop just in the middle the road.
PAGE
1
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
sacred adj. 宗教的;庄严的;神圣的
conception n. 主意;计划
champion n. 冠军;优胜者
politician n. 政客;政治家
courageous adj. 勇敢的;有胆量的
attain vt. 达到;获得
economics n. 经济学
therefore adv. 因此;所以
wisdom n. 智慧
receptionist n. 接待员;招待员
appreciate vt. 感激;欣赏;理解;鉴赏
12.amateur n. 业余爱好者
13.entire adj. 全部的;完整的
14.accountant n. 会计
15.salary n. 薪水
focus on 集中精力于……
compete in 参加……比赛
concentrate on 专心于……
retire from 从……退休
make a living 谋生
bid for 投标;竞价
in itself 就其本质而言;本身
win the gold medal 赢得金牌
Read the text quickly and then choose the best answer according to the text.
Which of the following orders is true about what Michellie Jones did according to the passage?
A.establishment of the triathlon→completing teaching qualification→beginning to concentrate on triathlon→winning the silver medal
B.establishment of the triathlon→beginning to concentrate on triathlon→completing teaching qualification→winning the silver medal
C.establishment of the triathlon→completing teaching qualification→winning the silver medal→beginning to concentrate on triathlon
D.completing teaching qualification→establishment of the triathlon→beginning to concentrate on triathlon→winning the silver medal
What did Fu Mingxia learn after her retirement from diving after Atlanta?
A.Swimming. B.Politics.
C.Economics. D.Triathlon.
Who practiced playing the guitar before becoming a professional marathon swimmer?
A.Fu Mingxia. B.Martin Strel.
C.Michellie Jones. D.Lance Armstrong.
答案:1-3.ACB
Read the passage carefully and tell the following statements True (T) or False (F).
It was in 1988 and in America that Michellie Jones helped establish the triathlon.( )
Fu Mingxia was the first woman in Olympic diving history to win three gold medals.( )
In 2001,Martin Strel became the first person ever to swim the entire length of the Danube River in Europe.( )
答案:1-3.FTF
...about their school’s bid to break a Guinness record.
……关于他们学校打破吉尼斯纪录的尝试。
①Several firms have bid for the contract to build the new concert hall.
有几家公司投标争取建造新音乐厅的合同。
②She bid $500 for the painting.
她出价500美元买这幅画。
③He failed in his bid to reach the summit.
他攀登顶峰但没有成功。
[自我探究]
bid是动词,意为出价,投标;吩咐;命令;bid sb.(to) do sth.意为命令某人做某事;bid some money for sth.出价买某物;bid也可以是名词,意为出价,投标;努力,争取。
make a bid of 出价……
make a bid for 出价买;争取
make a bid for power/popular support 争取权利/大众的支持
He was an amateur cyclist before the 1992 Olympic Games but turned professional after he had competed in the Games.
在1992年奥运会之前他是个业余自行车运动员,但在参加完奥运会之后就成为专业的了。
①She turned pale.
她的脸变白了。
②The weather suddenly turned cold and windy.
天气突然变得寒冷而多风。
③He turned communist.
他成了一名共产主义者。
④She has turned teacher.
她成了一名老师。
[自我探究]
turn意为变得,变成,后面可以跟形容词组成系表结构,也可以跟名词作表语,但是,如果是单数名词作表语,名词前不加冠词。
turn over 翻身;移交
turn on 打开(水、电、煤气、电器)
turn off 关上(水、电、煤气、电器)
turn up 调大/高(水、电器);前来,露面
turn down 调小(水、电器);拒绝(提议)
turn away 拒绝(某人);打发走
turn out(to be) 最后结果是,最终
turn in=hand in 上交
turn to sb. 转向;向……求助
turn against 反对
turn into 转变成,把……变成
[巧学活用]——用turn的相关词语完成下面小片段
The party was almost over,but Jane still didn’t (1)________________.Tom was very disappointed.He didn’t know why Jane didn’t (2)________________his invitation if she didn’t want to come.He (3)________________the bottles on the tables,and the rest guests left the hall in shock.Tom (4)________________all the lights in the hall,(5)________________the hall________________a world of darkness.No one could imagine how upset he was!
答案:(1)turn up (2)turn down (3)turned over
(4)turned off (5)turning;into
In 2000,he was the first person ever to swim the entire length of the Danube River in Europe—a distance of 3,004 kilometres in 58 days.
在2000年,他是第一位游过欧洲多瑙河全程的人——58天游过了3 004千米。
①She spent the entire day in bed.
她一整天都躺在床上。
②I am in entire agreement with you.
我完全同意你的看法。
[自我探究]
entire是形容词,意为完整的,全部的,完全的,其副词形式是entirely。
单词 意义区别
entire 指事物没有被分割或破坏等;强调事物的完整性和保持原样
whole 作形容词时,可以与entire互换
total 主要指数量或程度上是“完整的,全部的”
③I want an entire apple.
我想要一个完整的苹果。
④Please tell me the whole thing.
请告诉我整件事情。
⑤He has paid off his total debts.
他还清了全部的债务。
Group words that come from the same root,eg appreciate,appreciation,appreciative.
来自同一词根的一组词,例如:appreciate,appreciation和appreciative。
①The passengers appreciated my warm?hearted service,which greatly inspired me.
乘客感激我热情的服务,这极大地鼓励了我。
②Successfully,I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class,which has been appreciated by both teachers and my classmates.
在班级的几次英语活动中我成功地帮助了她,这受到师生的赞赏。
[自我探究]
appreciate是及物动词,意为鉴赏;感激;欣赏,其名词是appreciation,意为感激,欣赏;appreciate后面可以跟动名词作宾语或that从句,如:appreciate doing sth./that从句(但是不能跟不定式作宾语)。
③I’d appreciate your writing me back as soon as possible.
你尽早回信我将感激不尽。
当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on等词后接宾语从句时, 一般先加it, 再接宾语从句。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
如果你能不辞辛苦地为我做那么多事情我将感激不尽。
(1)____________________ you could take the trouble to do so much for me.
(2)____________________ you could take the trouble to do so much for me.
答案:(1)I would appreciate it if (2)I would be grateful if
Since then,she has never finished lower than fourth in any of the world championships she has competed in.
从那以后,在她所参赛的任何一次世界锦标赛中,她从来没有得过低于第四名的成绩。
①Since we have no money,we can’t buy it.
因为没有钱,我们不能买它。
②Since everybody is here,let’s begin our meeting.既然大家都在这里,我们开会吧。
③My uncle left the town in 1980 and I haven’t seen him since. 我叔叔在1980年离开了这个城镇,我从此以后就没有见过他。
④Where have you been since I last saw you?
自从我上次见到你之后,你去哪了?
[自我探究]
since是连词,当引导原因状语从句时,意为既然;当引导时间状语从句时,意为自从,主句用现在完成时时态。
since conj.& adv.
(1)表示“由于,因为,既然”,引导原因状语从句,一般置于句首相当于now that。
(2)表示“自从……以后,自……以来”,可用作连词、介词,副词,用来表示时间,其所在的句子的中心动词用现在完成时。
(3)since引导时间状语从句时,若动词为非延续性动词,句子可译为:自……以来有多长时间了;若从句的动词为延续性动词时,句子可译为:没做某事有多长时间了。
⑤It’s two years since I smoked.
我戒烟两年了。
⑥It’s two years since I began to smoke.
自从我开始抽烟有两年了。
单词 意义区别
because 引导的从句通常表示说话人认为听话人不知道的原因或理由,从句往往是整个主从复合句的重心。所以在所有表示原因的词中是语气最强的
since,as since和as表示原因时,往往表示人们显然已经知道的理由或原因。因此,侧重点是主句的内容,原因只是附带说明,在语气上because最强,since次之(在意义上相当于汉语的“既然”),as最弱
for 它表示的原因只是附加说明,所以常用逗号与主句分开。另外,for引导的原因状语从句不能放在句首
⑦He was annoyed because he missed the bus.
他非常生气因为他错过了那班公交车。
⑧Since his method doesn’t work,let’s try yours.
既然他的方法不行,那就试试你的吧。
⑨As you object,I’ll reconsider the plan.
既然你反对,我将重新考虑这个计划。
⑩I recommend seeing the latest film,for it is very exciting and interesting.
我建议看最新的电影,因为它很有趣又令人兴奋。
At the Sydney Olympics in 2000 she won the silver medal in the Women’s Triathlon,the first time the event had been included in the Olympic Games.
在2000年悉尼奥运会上,她在女子三项全能比赛中获得银牌,那是该项比赛首次成为奥运会的比赛项目。
①It is the first time that I have seen such a wonderful film.
这是我第一次看这么精彩的电影。
②It was the first time that I had seen the sea.
那是我第一次见到大海。
③This is the first time that I have read an English novel. 这是我第一次读英文小说。
④It is the third time that he has written such a good composition.
这是他第三次写这么好的文章。
[自我探究]
the first time the event had been included in...是省略句,全句为 it_was the first time that the event had been...。
It/This is/was the first/second...time that sb.has(have)/had done sth.这是某人第一/二……次做某事。此处主句的谓语动词要用现在完成时或过去完成时。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
这是她第一次去北京。
It is the first time______________________________________________.
答案:that she has been to Beijing
课时作业2
单句语法填空
1.It’s suggested that medicine should not be kept where it is ____________ (access) to children.
答案:accessible
2.A man without a long head would regret ____________ he has done.
答案:what
3.The plan was doomed ____________ failure.
答案:to
4.She bade six hundred dollars ____________ the table last week.
答案:for
5.The goods were damaged during transportation,and ____________ we need to make a claim from the freight company.
答案:therefore
6.The ____________ (entirely)body of a zebra is marked with black and white stripes.
答案:entire
7.They are seeking ____________ (attain) the most advanced technological levels in the world.
答案:to attain
8.I would appreciate ____________ if you would turn the music down.
答案:it
9.They are ____________(courage) animals.They do not even fear to attack lions.
答案:courageous
10.A ____________ (politics) must be able to withstand public criticism.
答案:politician
阅读理解
A
It’s cold and dark outside, and your bed is so warm and comfortable. Going for a run seems like such a bad idea. But before you hide your running shoes, it might be worth giving that crazy idea a go.
According to The Huffington Post, an outdoor run in winter, as opposed to one on a treadmill(跑步机), burns more calories because the body is working hard to regulate(调节) its core temperature. Furthermore, research shows that race times are faster in cold weather than in warmer temperatures—and quicker runs burn more calories. Similarly, cold weather also makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body, making that vital muscle even stronger.
Outdoor exercise also turns up your energy and rids you of the stress and depression that build up every day. The heat and humidity in summer can drag you down and tire you faster, but cold weather is refreshing. It adjusts you to your surroundings, making you feel alive.
Of course, the threat of smog in some built?up areas is a further hurdle to winter exercise. Heart attacks, strokes, lung cancer and asthma are all dangers of running in smog. The combination of air pollution and exercise increases the potential problems. If you do choose to run outside on smoggy days, take a path in a park or residential area to avoid car exhaust(废气), and go early in the morning, before rush hour. But staying inside on smoggy days and waiting for the next clear day to run is best.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了冬季户外跑步的意义和方法。冬季户外跑步能燃烧更多的热量,让肌肉更强健,心脏更健康,但是应当避免在雾霾时进行户外活动。
1.How does cold weather benefit runners, compared with warm weather?
A.They can run more slowly.
B.They can take in more calories.
C.Their hearts can function harder.
D.Their body temperature can get lower.
C 解析: 细节理解题。由题干关键词“benefit”和“compared with warm weather”可将答案定位至第二段的最后一句“Similarly...makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body, making that vital muscle even stronger.”可知,与温暖的天气相比,在寒冷的天气里户外跑步能使心脏更健康,故C项正确。
2.How does summer affect runners?
A.It builds up their energy quickly.
B.It makes runners tired easily.
C.It lessens runners’ stress.
D.It causes heart attacks.
B 解析: 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“The heat and humidity in summer can drag you down and tire you faster”可知,夏季的炎热和湿气容易让跑步的人很快就感到疲劳,故B项正确。
3.What are the runners supposed to do on smoggy days?
A.Stop driving cars.
B.Do more exercise.
C.Avoid outdoor exercise.
D.Run late in the morning.
C 解析: 细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“But staying inside on smoggy days and waiting for the next clear day to run is best.”可知,如果有雾霾,最好待在室内,等到天气晴朗时再跑步,故C项正确。
4.What can be the best title of the text?
A.Refresh with a Winter Run
B.Take Outdoor Exercise in Summer
C.Go to Run in a Park
D.Follow the Tips to Reduce Stress
A 解析: 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文介绍了冬季早晨户外跑步的意义和方法。冬季跑步能燃烧更多的热量,让肌肉更强健,心脏更健康,但是应当避免在雾霾天气进行户外活动。据此可以判断,A项最能概括文意,故A项正确。
B
Modern humans have a hard time controlling their desire to eat. Often you eat not because you are hungry, but because you are affected by many other things. How much you eat is strongly affected by how much those around you eat. People eating alone eat least. People eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home. People dining in a party of four eat 75 percent more. Eating with overweight friends? You’ll eat more. Is your waitress overweight? You’ll eat more. A wide variety of food? You’ll eat more.
Plates can decide how sweet dessert tastes. If people ate it off a paper plate, they’d say, “This is good.” If they ate it off a fancy silver plate, they would say, “This is the greatest cake I’ve eaten in my entire life.”
Your knowledge about what makes food good or bad also affects how much you eat. You tend to eat more when you think the food is good, and less when you think it is bad. So Grandma’s cookies always taste better than other cookies. “Good food” even has a “health halo(光环) effect”. If we’re eating something healthy, we feel that everything in that meal is healthy. Due to this, people often believe that a cheese cake with a salad has fewer calories(卡路里) than the cheese cake alone. That’s perhaps also why eating organic(有机的) food might turn you into an annoying guy. Your brain may use anything that makes you feel good about your own morality to excuse your immoral behaviour.
Food and hunger affect your judgment too. Hungry judges give more serious sentences. Kids who don’t eat breakfast behave worse than kids who eat their breakfast. People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了哪些因素会导致人们吃得更多。
5.What is mentioned as a cause of overeating?
A.Suffering from great loneliness.
B.Being served by a helpful waitress.
C.Being treated to high quality food.
D.Eating with many friends.
D 解析: 细节理解题。根据第一段的“People eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home.” 可知,和许多朋友一起吃饭是吃得多的一个原因,故D项正确。
6.According to the passage, an annoying person may be one who________.
A.finds any excuse for eating more
B.is crazy about the quality of plates
C.competes with others in making cookies
D.teaches people to stick to morality
A 解析: 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容和第三段中的“That’s perhaps also...your immoral behaviour.” 可知,一个让人讨厌的人可能总会找到多吃的借口,故A项正确。
7.According to the passage, people are more likely to make a bad judgment when ________.
A.they don’t feel hungry
B.they aren’t overweight
C.they have low blood sugar
D.they know little about food
C 解析: 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions.” 可知,低血糖的人比常人更难以集中注意力和控制自己的情绪,判断力会更差,故C项正确。
8.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.When Can’t We Go on a Diet?
B.What Affects Eating?
C.How to Make Good Food
D.Where to Find Safe Food
B 解析: 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文的主题句是第一段的第二句“Often you eat not because you are hungry, but because you are affected by many other things.”, 结合下文内容可知,本文主要介绍影响吃饭的因素,故B项最能概括文章大意。
七选五
What is happiness? When you can feel inner peace and satisfaction, you are happy. 1.________ This usually happens when we do something we love or achieve something that we value. It is our opinions that make us feel happy or unhappy. All of us constantly go through various situations or conditions, but we do not have to let them influence our reactions and feelings. 2.________
Try hard to make a change of the way you look at things. 3.________ That means looking at the good and positive side of every situation. Pay attention to solutions, not problems. Listen to relaxing and uplifting music. Watch funny and interesting programs that make you laugh.
Always look at what you have done and not at what you haven’t done. Look at what you can do, not at what you cannot do. Each day do at least one act to make others happy. When you make someone happy, you’ll become happy, and then people will try to make you happy. 4.________ On the contrary, be happy for their happiness. Communicate with happy people and try to learn from them to be happy. Remember, do your best to stay detached(冷静的) when things do not occur as intended and desired. Detachment has much to do with inner peace. 5.________
A.I’ve never regretted it.
B.Always look at the bright side.
C.Do not envy people who are happy.
D.Stop asking for everyone’s approval.
E.Inner peace can lead to happiness, so smile more often.
F.Here are a few tips for increasing happiness in daily life.
G.It is usually experienced at a special moment.
【解题导语】 本文就如何提高幸福感提出了几条建议。
1.G 解析: 由空后一句可知,幸福感总是在我们做我们喜欢做的事情或者得到我们重视的东西时出现;据此可知,G项“在特定的时刻通常会体验到幸福感”引出下文,故G项正确。
2.F 解析: 根据下文内容可知,下面两段阐述的是提高幸福感的建议,所以选F项,F项起承上启下的作用。
3.B 解析: 根据空后一句“That means looking at the good and positive side of every situation.”可知,选B项,要看到事物光明的一面。
4.C 解析: 根据空后一句“On the contrary, be happy for their happiness.”可知,空处的意思与“be happy for their happiness”相反,故空处选C项“不要嫉妒幸福的人”。
5.E 解析: 根据空前一句“Detachment has much to do with inner peace.”可知,冷静地面对事情和内心的平静有很大关系,据此可以判断,空处阐述的是内心的平静和幸福的关系,故E项正确。
PAGE
1
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
主 语
夏天我们海滨城市的天气很凉爽。
________________________ is nice and cool in summer.
答案:Weather in our coastal city
这就是我想要的全部。
__________ is all I want.
答案:This
三个对于我们每个人来说就足够了。
__________ is enough for each of us.
答案:Three
成为护士是我的心愿。
____________________ is my wish.
答案:To become a nurse
使我感到惊讶的是他对待他父亲的方式。
________________________ is the way he treated his father.
答案:What made me surprised
[自我探究]
上面几个句子说明可以作句子主语的有以下结构:名词、代词、数词、不定式、从句等。
一、主语的定义
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体。主语一般位于句首,但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词的后面。
二、主语的表现形式
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
名词作主语
Professor Smith is a famous scientist.
史密斯教授是一位著名的科学家。
The year 2015 saw the big earthquake in Nepal.
2015年尼泊尔发生了大地震。
代词作主语
We often speak English in and out of class.
我们经常在课内外说英语。
Who is the man standing over there?
站在那里的那个人是谁?
数词作主语
Sixty percent of her income was spent on clothes.
她收入的60%花在了衣服上。
Two times five is ten.
2乘5等于10。
不定式作主语
To master English is useful.
掌握英语是有用的。
To swim in the Lijiang River is a great pleasure.
在漓江里游泳是件非常愉快的事。
不定式作主语时多采用it作形式主语,而把不定式后置,如:
It’s a pity not to go to the concert with you.
真遗憾不能和你一起去听音乐会。
动名词作主语
Smoking does harm to the health.
吸烟对健康有害。
Playing football in the street is dangerous.
在街上踢足球有危险。
v.-ing结构作主语也可用it作形式主语,而把v.-ing结构置于句末,这种形式通常用于某些形容词或名词之后。
It’s no good complaining.
抱怨是没有用的。
名词化的形容词作主语
The rich should help the poor.
富人应该帮助穷人。
In new China the old are living a happy life.
在新中国老年人过着幸福的生活。
从句作主语
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet.
我们什么时候进行英语测试还没有决定。
Whether he’ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.
他是否参加我们的讨论是很重要的。
从句作主语时也通常用it作形式主语,而把主语从句置于句末。
It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
很明显,司机已经不能控制他的车了。
It is not clear who was responsible for the accident.
谁来为这起事故负责还不清楚。
三、主语在应用过程中,与谓语的人称和数要保持一致,主要有以下三种原则:
语法一致原则
主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,往往把它们看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。如果主语由more than one...或many a...构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式,强调个别。但是,在“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后,谓语动词一般多用复数形式。例如:
Three years is not enough for the experiment.
三年对这个实验来说是不够的。
More than one student has seen the film.
许多学生都看了这部电影。
More members than one are against your plan.
许多成员反对你的计划。
意义一致原则
(1)主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数,常见的这类词有:people,police,cattle,militia(民兵组织)等。
(2)主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数,常见的这类词有news,works(工厂)和一些以-ics或-s结尾的学科名称physics,politics,economics,maths等。例如:
The police are searching for the lost boy.
警察正在搜寻失踪的男孩。
A chemical works is being built in our hometown.
我们家乡正在建一个化工厂。
就近一致原则
即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。例如:
Is either he or you to go?
是他去还是你去?
单句语法填空
It is no good____________(try)that method,because it won’t work.
答案:trying
His____________(make) the same mistake again made his parents very angry.
答案:making
Many a student____________(chat) online and played computer games in recent years.
答案:has chatted
The blue files____________(use) for storing photos.
答案:are used
The situation described in those reports____________(sound) terrible,but it may not happen.
答案:sounds
A series of books____________(translate) into English.
答案:has been translated
It seems that a great many middle-aged workers____________(be) out of jobs now.
答案:are
I feel it is the parents rather than his grandma that____________(blame) for the spoiled child.
答案:are to blame
I have finished a large part of the book.The rest of it____________(be) very difficult.
答案:is
The singer and dancer____________(be) to come to the party.
答案:is
语法与写作
与其说这些鞋好看,不如说它们舒适。
____________________are comfortable rather than pretty.
答案:These shoes
他将会成功使得他的家人很高兴。
__________________makes his family very happy.
答案:That he will succeed
晚睡对健康不好。
It’s bad for your health ____________________.
答案:to go to bed late
真遗憾不能和你一起去郊游。
It’s a pity ____________________.
答案:not to go outing with you
学习生词对我很重要。
____________________ is very important to me.
答案:Learning new words
学英语时用英语思考是必要的。
____________________ when learning English is necessary.
答案:To think in English
1949年见证了中华人民共和国的成立。
____________________saw the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
答案:The year 1949
他在这里一切顺利。
________________ is going well with him.
答案:Everything
我们班三分之二的学生是女生。
________________________ in our class are girls.
答案:Two-thirds of the students
年轻人在中国必须接受教育。
________________ must be educated in China.
答案:The young
语法填空
Some inventions happen in strange ways.The potato chip is one of them.
Moon’s Lake House was 1.____________ restaurant in New York in the 1850s.George Crum was the cook there.Many rich people often came to the restaurant 2.____________ (enjoy) his cooking.
The one thing that really upset Crum was 3.____________ a customer complained about the food and sent it back to the kitchen to be done over.He would often return it overcooked.He was happy to see the customer walk out of the restaurant 4.____________(angry).
On August 24,1853,a customer returned his fried potatoes to the kitchen,5.____________they weren’t crunchy(脆的) enough.Crum reacted in his 6.____________(usually) way.He cut the potatoes very thin and cooked them in hot oil.They were so crunchy and Crum was sure that the man would refuse 7.____________(eat) them.Instead,the man loved them.He even asked for more.
Now,do you know 8.____________ invented the potato chip? It’s George Crum! He 9.____________(late) set up his own restaurant.He named it Crum’s House.He put baskets of his potato chips on all the tables.They made his restaurant a very popular place.
Today,potato chips are one of Americans’ 10.____________(favor) foods!
【解题导语】 本文告诉我们薯条是怎样被发明出来的。
1.a 解析:考查冠词。restaurant是名词,此处表示泛指,故用不定冠词a。
2.to enjoy 解析:考查非谓语动词。这里用动词不定式作目的状语,表示许多富人常常来这里吃他烹饪的饭菜。
3.when 解析:考查表语从句。此处应用when 引导表语从句,且在从句中作时间状语。
4.angrily 解析:考查副词。根据前面“walk out of the restaurant”可知,后面应用副词angrily修饰动词。
5.because 解析:考查连词。根据语境可知,此处表示“因为油炸的薯条不够脆”,强调原因,故用because。
6.usual 解析:考查形容词。根据后面的名词way可知,此处应用形容词。
7.to eat 解析:考查动词不定式。refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”。
8.who 解析:考查疑问词。根据后面“It’s George Crum”可知,此处问的是谁发明了薯条。
9.later 解析:考查副词。根据后面的“set up”可知,这里应用later。
10.favorite 解析:考查形容词。根据后面的“foods”可知,这里需要用形容词,且表示“最喜欢的”。
如何写人物介绍类文章
写作要求
李娜是中国女子网球队运动员,1982年2月26日生于湖北武汉,毕业于华中科技大学。6岁开始练习网球,1999年转为职业选手。请结合下面表格中的内容写一篇100词左右的短文。
主要奖项 2010年进入澳大利亚网球公开赛四强。
2011年取得澳大利亚网球公开赛亚军。
2011年赢得法国网球公开赛女单冠军,成为中国乃至亚洲在网球四大满贯赛事上夺得的第一个单打冠军。
李娜已经成为“中国的英雄”,也成为了中国体育界的代表人物。
审题谋篇
本文体裁为写人记叙文。
主体时态为一般现在时兼一般过去时。
主体人称为第三人称。
行文可以分为三段,第一段介绍李娜生平简历,第二段介绍其赛事成绩,第三段对李娜进行综述。
写作要点
李娜是中国女子网球队运动员,1982年生于湖北武汉,毕业于华中科技大学。
①Li Na,____________ the Chinese Women’s Tennis Team player,was born in Wuhan,Hubei Province in 1982 and graduated from Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
②Li Na,____________ in Wuhan,Hubei Province in 1982 and ____________ Huazhong University of Science and Technology,is the Chinese Women’s Tennis Team player.
答案:①who is ②born;graduating from
6岁开始练习网球,1999年转为职业选手。
①She began to ____________ tennis at the age of six and became a professional player in 1999.
②__________________,she began to learn to play tennis,and in 1999 she ____________ to a professional player.
答案:①practice playing ②When she was six years old;was transferred
2011年赢得法国网球公开赛女单冠军,从而成为中国乃至亚洲在网球四大满贯赛事上夺得的第一个单打冠军。
①She ________ the championship in the French Open women’s singles,thus ____________ her the first singles champion ever in China even in Asia in Tennis four grand slam events.
②She ________________ in the French Open women’s singles,____________ her the first singles champion ever in China even in Asia in Tennis four grand slam events.
答案:①won;making ②won the first prize;which made
李娜已经成为“中国的英雄”,也成为了中国体育界的代表人物,我们都为她感到骄傲。
①Li Na,________________,has become “China’s hero”,also the ____________ of Chinese sports.
②We all ____________ her,for Li Na has become the representative of Chinese sports ____________ “China’s hero”.
答案:①of whom all of us are proud;representative ②take pride in;as well as
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
Li Na,the Chinese Women’s Tennis Team player,graduated from Huazhong University of Science and Technology and was born in Wuhan,Hubei Province in 1982.
Li Na began to practice playing tennis at the age of six and became a professional player in 1999.Her efforts made her achieve many successes in the past years.She entered the final fourth in the 2010 Australia Open Tennis Championship.She obtained the second place in the 2011 Australia Open Tennis Championship.She won the championship in the French Open women’s singles,thus making her the first singles champion ever in China even in Asia in Tennis four grand slam events.
Li Na,of whom all of us are proud,has become “China’s hero”,also the representative of Chinese sports.
课时作业3
单句语法填空
1.____________(walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
答案:Walking
2.____________ she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
答案:Whether
3.____________(complete) the project took them two years.
答案:To complete
4.His ____________(elect) our chairman made us think of a lot.
答案:being elected
5.It’s no use ____________(go) there today; he won’t be at home.
答案:going
6.Not only John but also I ____________(be) going to shanghai next week.
答案:am
7.Three weeks ____________(be) allowed for making the necessary preparations.
答案:was
8.Many a person ____________(read) the novel.
答案:has read
9.More than one teacher ____________(get) the flowers.
答案:gets
10.Either your students or Mr.Wang ____________(know) this.
答案:knows
阅读理解
A
Those accustomed to browsing through thousands of books in large bookstores may find Japan’s Morioka Shoten a little strange. That’s because this tiny bookstore that is located in Ginza, Tokyo sells only a single book at a time.
Opened in May 2015, Morioka Shoten is the brainchild of Yoshiyuki Morioka. He began his career as a bookstore clerk in Tokyo’s Kanda district before branching out to open his own store. It was here while organizing book reading and signing that he realized that customers usually came into the store with one title in mind. Morioka began to wonder if a store could exist by selling multiple copies of just one single book. In November 2014, he partnered with Masamichi Toyama to establish a unique bookstore with the philosophy of “A Single Room with a Single Book”.
The selections that are picked by Morioka change weekly and vary widely to attract customers with different interests. Recent choices include The True Deceiver, an award?winning Swedish novel by ToVe Jansson, Hans Andersen’s Fairy Tales,and a collection of Karl Blossfeldt’s photography of plants. Morioka has also selected books written by a famous Japanese author Mimei Ogawa.
To highlight his only offering, Morioka often uses clever tricks. For example, when selling a book about flowers, the store keeper decorated his shop with the ones that had been mentioned in the book. He also encourages authors to hold talks and discussions so they can connect with customers. Morioka says his goal is for the customers to experience being inside a book, not just a bookstore.
Risky as the idea might seem, things appear to be going well. The storekeeper says he has sold over 2,100 books. Things can get better given that his bookstore is becoming increasingly popular not just among the locals but also visitors from other countries.
【解题导语】 在日本你会发现一家名为“Morioka Shoten”的别致书店,这家书店因其特别的经营方式很快就吸引了众人的注意。
1.What inspired Morioka to open such a bookstore?
A.A Swedish novel.
B.His present partner.
C.A bookstore clerk.
D.His working experience.
D 解析: 细节理解题。依据第二段可知,在开办自己的书店之前Morioka当过书店的店员,正是在工作中,他开始想创办一家“一周只卖一本书”的书店,由此可知,他的工作经验给了他灵感。
2.Why is Morioka Shoten unique?
A.It is popular with foreigners.
B.It sells books of different topics.
C.It is decorated with colorful flowers.
D.It sells various copies of a book in a week.
D 解析: 细节理解题。依据第一段的“sells only a single book at a time”可知,选项D正确。
3.Why does Morioka encourage authors to hold talks?
A.To introduce his bookstore.
B.To advocate his philosophy.
C.To make books better understood.
D.To help readers connect with each other.
C 解析: 推理判断题。依据第四段的第三句和第四句可知,Morioka鼓励作者举办会谈、讨论是为了与顾客接触,这样顾客便会更好地体会书中的内容,故选C。
4.What’s the author’s opinion about the bookstore’s future?
A.Risky. B.Promising.
C.Unpredictable. D.Hopeless.
B 解析: 观点态度题。依据文章最后一段的内容可知,这个书店会变得更好,它不仅在当地人中而且在其他国家的游客中也受欢迎,由此可知,作者认为这个书店很有发展前途。
B
Many people in high school cannot wait to go to college and leave their hometown behind. Questions arise, though, when it comes to all of the decisions involved in choosing a college.
One of the first considerations may be finance. State and public colleges are often the least expensive. Often, though, the better colleges are private and more expensive. It is sad when gifted students cannot attend a college of their choice just for financial reasons.
Another major factor is location. Whether the college is in a small town or large city can have a major impact on its activities. A water lover probably will be more comfortable spending four years near an ocean or a lake. Those who cannot tolerate heat will probably be more comfortable at a northern college. Distance from home may also come into consideration. If family is a top priority, that person should stay close to home; on the other hand, if independence is desired, a campus farther from home would be more appropriate.
School size also plays a major role in the decision process. If you want to get to know your teacher, a small college is suitable. For those of you who consider yourself a “people_person” and want a wide range of activities, a large college is more fitting. Your area of interest is another factor to consider in the decision?making process if you want to get the most from your education. The whole point of college is to learn what is of interest to you.
Crucially(至关重要地), one must take into consideration the colleges by which you can realistically be accepted. An Ivy League school for an average student would probably not be a good match. Similarly, an average school for an above?average student would not work well. The college should provide enough of a challenge for the student to work hard. Although there may not be the perfect college out there, there probably will be one that is close. Those who cannot find a suitable college are probably not looking hard enough.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文, 主要介绍了高中生在选择适合自己的大学时要考虑到的四个因素:个人经济情况、大学的地理位置、学校规模以及个人的成绩, 其中个人的成绩是至关重要的。
5.When it comes to going to college the author thinks ________.
A.students will become homesick
B.students are unwilling to leave their home
C.financial situation is the first to consider
D.students are eager to attend their ideal university
C 解析:细节理解题。 根据第二段第一句“One of the first considerations may be finance.” 可知,作者认为经济问题是选择大学应考虑的首要问题。 故选C。
6.What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A.The location of the college is a main factor.
B.A long distance will make students upset.
C.Students can be independent at college.
D.The climate must be taken into consideration.
A 解析:段落大意题。 根据第三段第一句“Another major factor is location.” 可知, 选择大学应考虑的另一个主要因素是大学的地理位置, 随后作者在第三段说明了应根据学校位置和其离家的远近来选择大学。 A项“大学的位置是一个主要因素”符合本段大意。 故选A。
7.What does the underlined part “people person” in the passage mean?
A.A very sociable person.
B.A very particular person.
C.A person of great capacity.
D.A person of great importance.
A 解析:词义猜测题。 根据画线词所在句子中的“want a wide range of activities” 可知, 画线词所表示的这种人是“想在大学期间参加很多活动的人”, 即喜欢社交的人。 故选A。
8.Which is the most important factor when choosing a college?
A.The location of a college.
B.The coming challenges.
C.School size.
D.The examination result.
D 解析:推理判断题。 根据最后一段第一句“Crucially(至关重要地), one must take into consideration the colleges by which you can realistically be accepted.” 可知, 在所有的因素中, 至关重要的一点是选择大学要从实际出发, 要考虑到你能否被这所大学录取。 由此可推知, 个人的成绩是选择大学时最重要的因素。 故选D。
语法填空
During a recent Senior Three English lesson, the teacher 1.____________(notice) Liu Yun, a student, busily typing messages on her cellphone. To the teacher’s surprise, Liu Yun wasn’t just texting her friends the latest small talk. She was blogging about what she was learning in the classroom, sharing her opinions 2.____________ her classmates. She said she 3.____________(true) enjoyed doing that.
The case caused 4.____________ heated discussion among teachers and students citywide. Miss Li, another English teacher said, “I am amazed at how 5.____________(create) the students can be when writing on their blogs. To me it’s a great way for students to improve their writing skills while writing about personal feelings and experiences.” But 6.____________ made other teachers worried was the blog?addiction which may disturb the students’ study.
A supporter and classmate of Liu Yun said, “We love her blog! We all read it each day and can’t wait to see what she writes about next. Many of her 7.____________(suggest) on study really help to encourage us. And we can relax 8.____________(we) while reading her blog.” Another student blogger admitted that he often works late into the night, 9.____________(write) his blog. He said, “Sometimes I don’t even have time 10.____________(finish) my homework. I can’t help myself. I really have a lot to say.”
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了老师和学生对发博客的看法。
1.noticed 解析: 考查动词时态。通读全文可知,故事发生在过去,故用动词的一般过去式形式。
2.with 解析: 考查介词。share sth. with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”,为固定搭配,故用介词with。
3.truly 解析: 考查副词。修饰动词应用副词,故用副词truly修饰动词enjoyed。
4.a 解析: 考查冠词。discussion在此处表示具体概念,且第一次在语境中出现,故用不定冠词a修饰。
5.creative 解析: 考查形容词。how修饰形容词或副词。由下文的be可知,此处应用形容词作表语,故用creative。
6.what 解析: 考查名词性从句。空处引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,表示物的概念,what符合语境。
7.suggestions 解析: 考查名词。her是形容词性物主代词,修饰名词,故用名词形式。此外,suggestion是可数名词,由Many of可知,应用复数形式。
8.ourselves 解析: 考查代词。由句子主语we可知,此处应用反身代词,表示放松自我。
9.writing 解析: 考查非谓语动词。write和从句的谓语works之间没有连词,故用非谓语动词。其与主语he构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。
10.to finish 解析: 考查非谓语动词。have time to do sth.意为“有时间做某事”,为固定搭配,不定式作宾语补足语。
书面表达
你校正在开展“创建文明班级,共建和谐校园”活动,请根据下面的内容,以“A Meaningful Activity”为题写一篇短文,向China Daily投稿,介绍有关情况。
主题:“同陋习告别,与文明握手”
目的:根除乱扔、乱吐、吸烟、喝酒等现象;提倡穿校服、讲礼貌。
内容:举办图片展,进行教室、宿舍美化评比等。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
A Meaningful Activity
Our school has now started an activity called“Build Civilized Classes and a Harmonious Campus”. The topic is“Get Rid of Bad Habits and Greet Civilization”.
Bad habits do exist.Some students throw rubbish everywhere or spit in public.Others are even addicted to smoking and drinking.We require that the students break away from these bad habits.
We urge the students to wear their school uniform and be polite to others.
During the activity,we’ll hold a picture show,a competition of classroom and dormitory decorations and so on.
We all hope that we’ll build each class into a civilized one and our campus into a harmonious place.
PAGE
1