Unit 3 Australia
我们都非常熟悉澳大利亚，但是我们不一定了解是何人、何时发现澳大利亚的。那么我们就通过下面的短文来了解更多的有关信息吧。
Discovering Australia
On May 13，1787，a fleet of English ships set sail for Australia with about 750 people.These men and women were not ordinary passengers.They were convicts being sent to Australia as punishment for their crimes.
Laws in England during that period were very harsh(苛刻的)，and people were punished severely for even the smallest crimes.A man could be sentenced to death for hunting on another man’s property or he could be put to death for chopping down someone else’s tree.For many other crimes，the punishment was “transportation”．The guilty person was shipped to a distant land where he was forced to work without pay.Often women and children were shipped to other land，too.
In 1770，Captain Cook had discovered the continent of Australia and claimed it for England.At first，England found no use for this vast land on the other side of the world，but then the American Revolution took place.England could no longer ship their convicts(囚犯) to the American colonies.So she turned to Australia as a good place for her prisoners.
A former naval captain was picked to accompany the convicts to the new colony.His job was to help them build a settlement which he would govern.The captain was glad to go.He believed the convicts could learn to live in peace.He felt they would obey the laws in a new country.
In January 1788，the English fleet and its strange cargo(船货) landed in Australia.After days of searching，the captain found a fine harbor.The land nearby had trees and streams.The convict colony made a new beginning here.Australia’s history had begun.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Preparing
brochure n． 小册子
ecology n. 生态学；生态
migrant n. 移居者；移民；候鸟
tolerance n. 宽容；忍受
citizen n. 市民；公民
autonomous adj. 自治的
celebration n. 庆祝；庆典
reservation n. 保留；预定
heritage n. 遗产；继承物
splendour n. 壮丽；杰出；壮观
11．fortnight n. 两星期
12．cradle n. 摇篮；发源地
13．policy n. 政策；方针
14．barrier n. 障碍物；栅栏；屏障
1．associate with 与……联系
2．out of respect 出于尊敬
3．in defence of... 为……辩护
4．be adequate for 适合……
5．be superb to 比……优越
Australia is a popular destination with tourists from all over the world who come to experience its unique ecology.
澳大利亚是一个受人欢迎的旅游胜地，世界各地的游客来到这里体验它独特的生态环境。
It is also_possible_to_climb_the_rock，but most people don’t do this out of respect for the Aboriginal people who consider the rock to be sacred.
要爬上岩石也是可能的，但大多数人出于对那些土著居民的尊敬而不这样做，因为他们认为这岩石是神圣的。
Drive 250 km northwestwards from Hobart along the A10 highway and_you’ll_arrive at the southern end of the magnificent Cradle Mountain National Park and World Heritage area.
从霍巴特沿A10公路朝西北方向行驶250公里，你就来到景色壮观的摇篮山国家公园暨世界遗产保护区的南端。
Why do you think the population of Australia is so small when it is such a large country?
既然澳大利亚是如此大的一个国家，那么你认为它的人口为什么那么少呢？
Scan the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．The text may be________．
A．a postcard from someone on holiday
B．an advertisement
C．a newspaper article
D．part of a text from an encyclopedia
2．Which of the following is NOT the character of Australia?
A．It covers two continents.
B．It is also a continent.
C．It is the sixth largest country in the world.
D．Its centre is mainly desert and dry grassland.
3．What do Australia Day celebrations encourage?
A．Tolerance. B．Respect.
C．Friendship. D．All the above.
4．Which one is NOT true about the amazing rock?
A．It is part of one of Australia’s 14 World Heritage Sites.
B．It rises about 335 metres out of a vast，flat sandy plain.
C．It appears to change color at different times of the day.
D．No one has climbed it out of respect.
5．Citizenship ceremonies don’t include________．
A．displays of singing and dancing from many of the migrants’ homelands
B．the tasting of food from all over the world
C．more than 9，000 people will become Australian citizens
D．over 200 locations across the nation walk around Uluru
答案：1－5.DADDD
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
Australia is in the smallest continent－Oceania.It is a 1.____________(main) dry country 2.____________ only a few coastal areas that 3.____________ (have)adequate rainfall.Most Australians live in 4.____________ south-eastern coastal area.The centre of the continent has few 5.____________ (settle)．
Australia is a popular destination with many tourists 6.____________ (come) to experience 7.____________ (it) unique ecology.Though Australian states are autonomous，it has a federal government 8.____________ (responsibility) for matters that affect people all over the country.The federal parliament is 9.____________ (locate) in Canberra.
10．________ Australia Day，in over 200 locations across the nation，over 9，000 people will become Australian citizens.
答案：1.mainly 2.with 3.have 4.the 5.settlements 6.coming 7.its 8.responsible 9.located 10．On
PAGE
1
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
Which of the pictures below do you associate with the following places in Australia?
下面哪些图画和澳大利亚的地域有联系？
①I feel honored to have the chance to live, work and associate with them.
我觉得很荣幸有机会和他们一起生活、工作和相处。
②The first step to making friends is associating with other people.
交朋友的第一步就是要跟他人联系。
[自我探究]
associate是及物动词，意为使发生联系；使联合；结交，常与介词 with连用。
(1)associate sb./sth. with sb./sth. 把……和……联系在一起；
由……联想到……
be associated with... 和……有关
associate with sb. 与某人交往或打交道
(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体
in association with... 与……合伙/合作
③He is closely associated in the public mind with horror movies.
在公众心目中， 他总是和恐怖电影紧密联系在一起。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
汤姆有许多与头痛相关的症状。
(1)Tom has a lot of symptoms ________________________________．(使用定语从句)
(2)Tom has a lot of symptoms ________________________________．(使用分词短语作定语)
(3)Tom has a lot of symptoms ____________________________．(使用介词短语作定语)
答案：(1)which are associated with headache
(2)associated with headache (3)in association with headache
It is a mainly dry country with only a few coastal areas that have adequate rainfall to support a large population.
这是一个以干旱为主的国家，只有少数沿海地区有足够的降水来养活其庞大的人口。
①Is the water supply adequate?
水的供应足够吗？
②We had adequate food for a week’s journey.
我们有足够的食物可以做一星期的旅行。
[自我探究]
adequate是形容词，意为足够的，充分的，适当的。
adequate adj.有以下几种含义：
(1)足够的，适当的
(2)可以胜任的
(3)差强人意的，过得去的
③The research can’t be completed without adequate funding.
没有足够的资金，这项研究就无法完成。
④I hope he will prove adequate to the job.
我希望他将证明自己能胜任这项工作。
⑤Her performance was adequate but lacked originality. 她的表演还过得去，但缺乏独创性。
单词 意义区别
adequate 当“足够的，充分的”讲时，无比较级、最高级的变化，后常接介词for或不定式。adequate表示符合某一客观标准，兼有适当的意思，也表示“充裕”
enough 偏重数量上的足够，有“充分的，足够的”之意，不强调质量的好坏
⑥The prisoners received adequate food.
犯人们领取了充足的食物。(质量好或足量)
⑦The prisoners received enough food.
犯人们的食物足够吃。(指量)
Australia Day celebrations that include people from so many birthplaces are an excellent way to encourage tolerance，respect and friendship among all the people of Australia.
澳大利亚日，一个包括来自许多诞生地的人组成的庆典，是一个在全体澳大利亚人之间鼓励宽容、尊重和友谊的极好方式。
(1)celebration
a birthday celebration生日庆典
①The day deserves a celebration.
这个日子值得庆祝。
②There will be a reception in celebration of the Fund’s 50th anniversary.
为庆祝基金会成立五十周年将举行一个招待会。
[自我探究]
celebration是celebrate的名词形式，意为庆祝，庆典。
celebrate v． 庆祝，庆贺
③We’ll hold a party to celebrate our teacher’s 70th birthday.
＝We’ll hold a celebration party on our teacher’s 70th birthday.
为了庆祝老师七十大寿，我们将要举行一个晚会。
(2)tolerance
①I have a low alcohol tolerance. 我酒量不好。
[自我探究]
tolerance是名词，意为耐性；容忍；宽容。
(1)tolerance n. (对疼痛、困苦、严寒等的)忍耐力，
耐久力，常与介词of/to连用。容忍，
默许，宽容，包容力
(2)tolerate vt. 容许；宽容；默许；宽大地处理
tolerate＋n./doing sth. 容忍……
(3)tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的；宽大的；有雅量的；
宽容……的；对……宽大的
(4)tolerantly adv. 宽大地
②This sort of behavior will not be tolerant.
这种行为是不能容许的。
③Few plants will tolerate sudden changes in temperature.
很少有植物能经受住气温的突然变化。
④I can’t tolerate your carelessness.
我不能宽容你的粗心大意。
⑤I can’t to lerate you (your) bullying your younger brother. 我不能容许你欺负你弟弟。
On this 4，352-km journey from Sydney to Perth via Adelaide you’ll view some of Australia’s unique scenery from the superb Blue Mountains to the treeless plains of the Nullarbor. 在经由阿德莱德从悉尼到珀斯4 352公里的旅程中，你会看见诸如从杰出的蓝山到不长树木的纳勒博平原等一些澳大利亚独一无二的风景。
(1)via
via air mail以航空邮寄
①He flew Europe via the North Pole.
他经由北极飞往欧洲。
②We flew to Athens via Paris.
我们经由巴黎飞往雅典。
③I sent a message to Kitty via her sister.
我通过基蒂的妹妹给基蒂捎去口信。
[自我探究]
via是介词，意为经由，经过，通过。
(2)superb
a superb view极好的景致
a superb palace壮丽的宫殿
The dinner was superb.
那顿晚餐极好(很丰盛)。
[自我探究]
superb是形容词，意为极好的；卓越的；杰出的；壮丽的。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)他们打算经由香港去东京。
They are going to Tokyo________________．
(2)在孩子们看来，那是一场出色的表演。
That was________________in children’s eyes.
答案：(1)via Hong Kong
(2)a superb performance
I’ll be back in Sydney in a fortnight because I’ve made a reservation on the Indian Pacific train to Perth.
我会在两个星期后返回悉尼，因为我已经预定好了印度洋——太平洋号前往珀斯的火车票。
①Is reservation necessary at that restaurant?
那家餐厅需要预订吗？
[自我探究]
reservation是名词，意为预订，预约；其动词形式是reserve。
make a reservation 预订
without reservation 毫无保留地
have/express reservations about 对……质疑
reserve v. 预订，预约
reserve sth.for sb. 为某人保留某物
in reserve 备用
reserved adj. 沉默寡言的；矜持的
②Customers are advised to make seat reservations well in advance. 建议顾客提前订好座位。
③I’d like to reserve a table for two.
我想预订一张两人的餐桌。
④The management reserves the right to refuse admission.
管理部保留拒绝人员入内的权利。
⑤We always keep some money in reserve，just in case.
我们总是存一些钱以防万一。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
这些座位是留给老人和残疾人的。
The seats________________the elderly and disabled.
答案：are reserved for
Approximately 80% of Australians live in the south?eastern coastal area，which includes Australia’s two largest cities－Melbourne and Sydney.
大约80%的澳大利亚人生活在东南沿海地区，这儿包括澳大利亚最大的两个城市——墨尔本和悉尼。
①He came from a remote village，which we can see from his accent. 他来自一个偏远的小村庄，这一点我们可以从他的口音中看出。
[自我探究]
which在此处引导一个非限制性定语从句，是对主句的补充说明，常常用逗号与主句隔开。
只能用which不用that引导定语从句的几种情况：
(1)关系代词前有介词时
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时
(3)先行词后有插入语时
(4)当先行词本身就是that时
②This is the room in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年住的房间。
③His dog，which was very old，became ill and died.他的狗非常老了，生病死了。
④Here is the English grammar book which，as I’ve told you，will help improve your English.
这儿有本英语语法书，像我告诉你的一样，它会帮助你提高英语水平。
⑤What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
刚才在空中一闪的东西是什么？
[巧学活用]——完成句子
海伦对待她的小儿子比对待其他的(孩子)都好，这使别人妒忌他。
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，________________________．
答案：which made the others envy him
What kind of people do you think make Australia their home？
你认为什么样的人把澳大利亚作为他们的家？
①He was made our chairman.
他被选为主席。
②We try our best to make our class our warm home.
我们尽力把我们的班级营造成温馨的家。
[自我探究]
以上两个句子说明，make后跟的是复合宾语形式。
make后面跟的复合宾语如下所示：
make＋宾语＋n./adj./分词/do sth.
③We made him our new monitor.
我们选他当我们的班长。
④The smell of cooking makes me hungry.
烧菜的味道令我感到饿了。
⑤We must make everyone understand that.
我们必须让每一个人都懂得那一点。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
他的迟到使得老板很生气。
His coming late________________．
答案：made the boss angry
课时作业7
单句语法填空
1．It is often thought that Greece is ____________ cradle of Western culture.
答案：the
2．The woman is always wearing a serious look and has no ____________(tolerant) for jokes of any kind.
答案：tolerance
3．The waiter explained to us that these seats ____________(reserve) for special guests.
答案：are reserved
4．The pupils should learn to first put themselves ____________ defence once something unexpected happens.
答案：in
5．At the meeting，the plan eventually has been agreed ____________ with certain reservations.
答案：to
6．When you go to the Great Wall，____________ do you associate it with?
答案：what
7．In his home country?Germany，Einstein had everything taken away，including ____________(citizen)．
答案：citizenship
8．Are you ____________(adequate) insured?
答案：adequately
9．With the industrial and ____________(agriculture) development，people are living a better life.
答案：agricultural
10．The whole family showed up for our anniversary ____________(celebrate)．
答案：celebration
阅读理解
World Heritage Sites such as Australia’s Great Barrier Reef and Katmandu in Nepal could be taken off the tourism map by 2020 due to the effects of climate change and too many visitors，a think tank(政治、社会、经济问题的智囊团，智库) said on Friday.
In a report prepared for the UK insurance company Churchill，the Centre for Future Studies(CFS) listed 10 popular destinations that could be either permanently closed or have a visitor cap within 15 years.
“I’m reasonably confident we’re going to see an increasing climate degradation that is going to influence various places in the world with increasing severity(严重)，”said CFS Director Frank Shaw.
“Floods，storms，droughts，increasing and irregular temperatures will combine to bring about changes in destination choice for tourists.”
Florida’s Everglades in the United States，Athens in Greece，Croatia’s Dalmatian coastline，Tuscany and the Amalfi Coast in Italy as well as the Maldives are some of the other destinations at risk highlighted by the report.
The study drew on evidence provided by scientists，governments，as well as tourism and environmental organizations from around the world.
Tourism activity on the Great Barrier Reef，situated off Queensland state in Australia’s northeast，injects an estimated $3.8 billion into the local economy each year.
“There is a conflict between environmental concerns and commercial interests，”added Shaw.“For some countries tourism represents a significant part of their gross domestic (国内的) product.”
But there is evidence Australia and many other governments are considering what can be done to protect national assets(资产)．
1．The reasons why some World Heritage Sites could be taken off the tourist map included all of the following EXCEPT________．
A．there are too many tourists visiting the sites
B．the governments are not considering the sites
C．floods，storms and droughts frequently happen there
D．there is often a sudden change in temperature there
B 解析：细节理解题。从第一段“World Heritage Sites...could be taken off the tourism map by 2020 due to the effects of climate change and too many visitors...”可知A、C、D项符合文意。
2．The underlined word “injects”(in Paragraph 7) is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．invest B．cost
C．introduce D．divide
A 解析：词义猜测题。大堡礁的旅游估计每年要为当地经济注入38亿美元。inject注射；注入；invest投资。
3．Which of the following do not provide evidence about the climate degradation?
A．Scientists and officials.
B．Tourism organizations.
C．Environmental organizations.
D．Insurance companies.
D 解析：细节理解题。从文中第六段“The study drew on evidence provided by scientists，governments，as well as tourism and environmental organizations from around the world.”中看出没有提及D项。
4．According to the passage，we can infer that________．
A．some heritage sites will no longer be able to be seen in the future
B．the listed destinations are all off the ocean coast
C．the Great Barrier Reef will not be closed by 2020
D．environmental concerns and commercial interest has caused problems
A 解析：推理判断题。B项过于绝对，如Katmandu in Nepal就不临海岸；C项所述和原文相反；D项断章取义。
完形填空
When my sister Diane began playing the violin, she was seven. How did she sound? Terrible. But she didn’t __1__. At twelve, she asked our parents if she could __2__ a fulltime music school. They said no. Actually, everyone agreed that my sister __3__ talent.
I was better at my __4__. My teacher had told my parents that I had great __5__. So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area to __6__ me. But the only time he was __7__ was Saturday afternoons at 3 p．m. Back then, I was __8__ about the British TV show “The Avengers” , which was __9__ every Saturday at 3 p．m. I let nothing take up my “The Avengers” hour. So I __10__ this amazing opportunity.Today, I don’t even have a __11__ in my house.
My sister became an engineer, but she __12__ stopped making music. When she was in her 40s, she switched her __13__. She went back to college，got a(n) __14__ in music education，and became a music teacher. She starts kids off on their first instrument and gives them all the encouragement and support she never __15__．
Recently, she and a pianist Pal put on a recital. A big crowd of friends and family __16__ for her. As she played, I looked around at the __17__. Everyone was __18__ enjoying the music. It occurred to me that I was the only person that remembered that 7?year?old kid making those perfectly __19__ sounds and knew how far she had come, despite __20__．
Talent is important. But enthusiasm is even more important.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过讲述妹妹追求梦想的经历告诉我们：天赋很重要，但更重要的是热情。
1．A.advance B．quit
C．reflect D．listen
B 解析：根据上文的“How did she sound？Terrible.”可知，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了；结合本句的“But”表示的转折意义可知，但她没有放弃(quit)。
2．A.inspect B．open
C．attend D．visit
C 解析：根据上文可知，尽管妹妹的小提琴演奏得很糟糕，但是她仍不愿放弃；据此可以判断，本句句意为：在十二岁时，她问父母她是否可以去全日制的音乐学校上学。attend school为固定搭配，意为“上学”。
3．A.lacked B．spotted
C．possessed D．admired
A 解析：根据上文的“They said no.”和父母没有答应让她去全日制音乐学校学习可以判断，每个人都认为“我”的妹妹缺乏(lacked)天赋，故A项正确。
4．A.major B．project
C．composition D．instrument
D 解析：根据本段第三句的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母为“我”找了当地最好的钢琴老师教“我”学钢琴；据此可以判断，与妹妹相比，“我”更擅长“我”的乐器。
5．A.patience B．enthusiasm
C．potential D．ambition
C 解析：根据下文的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母为“我”找了当地最好的钢琴老师来教“我”学钢琴；据此可以判断，老师告诉父母说“我”很有潜能(potential)。A项意为“耐心”，B项意为“热情”，D项意为“抱负”，都与语境不符。
6．A.train B．examine
C．correct D．challenge
A 解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“培训，教育”；B项意为“检查”；C项意为“改正”；D项意为“挑战”。
7．A.punctual B．skillful
C．occupied D．available
D 解析：根据语境可知，钢琴老师只有每周六下午三点有空。D项意为“有空的”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“准时的”，B项意为“技术好的”，C项意为“使用中”，都与语境不符。
8．A.sensitive B．crazy
C．serious D．particular
B 解析：根据本句中的“about the British TV show”可判断，“我”热衷于一档英国电视节目。be crazy about为固定搭配，意为“热衷于”，故B项正确。A项意为“敏感的”，C项意为“严肃的”，D项意为“特别的，挑剔”，都与语境不符。
9．A.filmed B．designed
C．aired D．commented
C 解析：根据该句中的“every Saturday at 3 p．m.”可知，这档英国电视节目在每周六的下午三点播放。air在本句中意为“播出，播送”，属于熟词生义，故C项正确。A项意为“拍电影”；B项意为“设计”；D项意为“评论”。
10．A.jumped at B．turned down
C．waited for D．opened up
B 解析：根据上文的“I let nothing take up my ‘The Avengers’ hour”可知，“我”不让任何事情占用“我”看这档节目的时间，据此可以判断，“我”拒绝了这一机会。B项意为“拒绝”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“迫不及待地接受”，C项意为“等待，等候”，D项意为“打开”，都与语境不符。
11．A.tutor B．violin
C．musician D．piano
D 解析：根据本段的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可以判断，由于“我”拒绝了学钢琴，所以现在家里甚至一台钢琴也没有，故D项正确。
12．A.never B．once
C．already D．even
A 解析：根据空后两句可知，“我”妹妹在四十几岁时上大学学习音乐；据此可知，尽管“我”妹妹成了一名工程师，但是她从未(never)停止对音乐的追求，故A项正确。
13．A.attitude B．career
C．plan D．position
B 解析：根据下文的“and became a music teacher”可知，在她四十几岁时，她改变了职业(career)，从工程师成为一名音乐老师，故B项正确。A项意为“态度”，C项意为“计划”，D项意为“地位”，都与语境不符。
14．A.scholarship B．sponsor
C．degree D．assistant
C 解析：根据句中的“She went back to college”和“and became a music teacher”可知，她重返大学学习音乐，并取得了音乐教育的学位(degree)，成了一名音乐老师。A项意为“奖学金”，B项意为“赞助人”，D项意为“助手”，都与语境不符。
15．A.provided B．imagined
C．received D．expected
C 解析：根据上文可知，“我”的父母认为妹妹没有音乐天赋，拒绝了妹妹上全日制音乐学校的请求，据此可以判断，妹妹做音乐老师时，给了孩子们她未曾得到(received)的鼓励和支持。A项意为“提供”，B项意为“想象”，D项意为“期望”，都与语境不符。
16．A.voted B．feared
C．stayed up D．turned up
D 解析：根据上文的“put on a recital”可知，妹妹和一位钢琴家举办了一场演奏会；据此可以判断，朋友和家人们都到场了。A项意为“投票”；B项意为“担心，害怕”；C项意为“熬夜”；D项意为“到达，露面”。
17．A.students B．audience
C．spotlights D．platform
B 解析：根据下文的“enjoying the music”可知，所有人都在欣赏妹妹演奏的音乐；据此可知，“我”环顾了四周的观众(audience)，故B项正确。A项意为“学生”；C项意为“聚光灯”；D项意为“平台，讲台”。
18．A.obviously B．desperately
C．appropriately D．anxiously
A 解析：根据本句中的“enjoying the music”可知，很显然(obviously)，所有人都在欣赏妹妹演奏的音乐。B项意为“极其”，C项意为“恰当地”，D项意为“着急地”，都与语境不符。
19．A.booming B．pleasing
C．awful D．powerful
C 解析：根据上文的“How did she sound？Terrible.”可知，七岁时，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了(awful)，故C项正确。A项意为“迅速发展的”，B项意为“令人愉快的”，D项意为“有力量的”，都与语境不符。
20．A.everything B．something
C．everybody D．somebody
A 解析：根据本句中的“and knew how far she had come，despite”并结合上文可知，“我”想起了妹妹七岁时演奏小提琴的糟糕的声音，只有“我”知道她不顾一切(everything)走了多远。
短文改错
I used to feel I was the sun in my family.But while my cousin was born，everyone pays more attention to her.So I disliked her and couldn’t get along well with her.As time went on，I realized what ridiculous I had been at that time.I tried to find a proper time to apologize.When my cousin’s family came to my home a few day ago，I took my cousin to play outside.In the way to the playground，I had bought many snacks for her.Then we began chat.When we talked about their childhood，suddenly，I said “sorry” gently.She was silently，so I thought that she hadn’t heard me clearly.But after while she said: “Don’t say that.In my memory，you are always friendly.”
答案：
I used to feel I was the sun in my family.But my cousin was born，everyone more attention to her.So I disliked her and couldn’t get along well with her.As time went on，I realized ridiculous I had been at that time.I tried to find a proper time to apologize.When my cousin’s family came to my home a few ago，I took my cousin to play outside. the way to the playground，I bought many snacks for her.Then we began /.When we talked about childhood，suddenly，I said “sorry”gently.She was ， so I thought that she hadn’t heard me clearly.But after while she said：“Don’t say that.In my memory，you are always friendly.”
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1
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
1．rainfall n． 降雨；降雨量
2．agriculture n. 农业；农学
3．shrink vt.&vi. 收缩；(使)皱缩；缩短
4．wind vt. 绕；缠
5．paralyze vt. 使瘫痪；使麻痹
6．snatch vt. 攫取；抢走
7．desperate adj. 不顾一切的；绝望的
8．bachelor n. 单身汉；(文理)学士
9．amongst prep. 在……中间；在……之中
10．sow vt.&vi. 播种；传播
11．authority n. 权力；权威；当局
12．funnel n. 漏斗
1．correspond with 与……通信
2．owe ...to 把……归功于；欠
3．talk...into．.. 说服某人做某事
4．be unconscious of/about 没有意识到……
5．recover from 从……中恢复；从……中获得
A few varieties，however，can kill humans，so it_is_just_as_well_that snakes are very shy and usually attack only if they are disturbed and feel threatened.
不过，还有少数几种蛇能致人于死地。好在蛇都胆小怕事，通常只有被打搅和感到威胁时才会出击。
However，although they look dangerous because of their wide mouths and sharp teeth，all_but two or three kinds are harmless to humans.
然而，虽然由于它们的大嘴和尖牙使它们看起来非常危险，但是除了两三种以外，其他的鲨鱼都不会对人类有害。
You might think that with all these dangerous animals Australia is an unsafe place to live in or visit.However，this is far from the truth.
你可能认为有这么多危险的动物存在，澳大利亚对于人居住和旅游是一个不安全的地方。但是，这远远不是真实的。
There are no_more_than a handful of shark attacks each year and only three deaths have been reported in the last five years.
每年至多有少数的鲨鱼袭击事件，在过去的五年里只有三起死人事件报道。
Read the passage quickly and tell the following statements True (T) or False (F)．
In Australia you can find almost 170 poisonous snakes.( )
Quite a few spiders in Australia are harmful enough to kill a man.( )
The sharks in Australia vary in size from just 20 centimetres to over 14 metres.( )
The box jellyfish may be the most poisonous animal in the world.( )
The two types of the crocodile have been known to kill human beings.( )
答案：1－5.FFTTF
We know a lot about these early years of European settlement because most migrants corresponded with their families at home and many of their letters still survive.
对于欧洲移民的这些早期历史我们了解甚多，因为大多数移民和家人保持通信，很多信件依然存在。
①I have corresponded with a foreign friend and we write to each other once a month.
我和一位外国朋友通信，我们相互之间每个月写一封。
②The copy corresponds with the original.
抄件与原件相符。
[自我探究]
correspond是不及物动词，意为通信；符合，常与介词with，to连用。
correspond
(1)通信(常与介词with连用，意为“与……通信”)
(2)符合，相一致(常与介词to连用)
correspondence n． 信件，通信
correspondent n. 通讯员，记者
adj. 符合的，一致的，相当的
③For the next three years they corresponded regularly.
在接下来的三年里他们定期通信。
④The two halves of the document did not correspond. 这份文件的两部分不相符。
⑤The numbers corresponded to distinct points on the maps. 这些数字与地图上明确的点相对应。
These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.
这些早期的定居者把他们能生存下来归功于努力工作和成功的决心。
①I owed him 5 yuan，which he lent me last week.
我欠他5元钱，那是他上周借给我的。
②How much do I owe you？ 我欠你多少钱？
[自我探究]
owe是及物动词，意为负债。表示“欠某人多少钱”，组成owe sb.money；表示“归功于”时，常与介词 to连用。
owe
(1)欠钱，负债
(2)应该做；应给予；应感激；应该向某人致敬
(3)归功于(和to连用)
(4)owing to＝due to＝because of因为
③I’ll write and tell Mary；I owe her a letter anyway.
我将写信告诉玛丽；不管怎样，我该给她写信。
④One of the neighbours owes me a favor；I’m sure they’ll take care of the cat. 邻居中有一家曾让我帮过忙，我肯定他们会照料这只猫。
⑤“I owe you an apology，Tom，”he said sheepishly. “我得向你道歉，汤姆，”他腼腆地说。
⑥He owes a great deal to his publishers.
他对他的出版商感激不尽。
⑦Their success owes more to good luck than to careful management.
他们的成功更多凭借的是好运气，而不是苦心经营。
⑧Owing to a lack of funds，the project will not continue next year.
由于缺乏资金，该项目明年将中止。
The authorities，being desperate，increased the height of the fence again and again and it was soon over forty metres high. 感到绝望的管理者一次又一次地加高栅栏，很快栅栏就有40多米高了。
①The prisoners became desperate in their attempts to escape. 那些囚犯拼命企图逃亡。
②Doctors were fighting a desperate battle to save the little girl’s life.
医生们不惜一切地奋力抢救小女孩的生命。
[自我探究]
desperate是形容词，意为不顾一切的；绝望的；(因为绝望而)孤注一掷的，铤而走险的。
desperate adj.
(1)非常需要的
(2)(局势、情形)危急的，极其严峻的
desperately adv. 绝望地，拼命地，不顾一切地
desperation n. 拼命，绝望
in desperation 绝望地
③By then I was desperate for a holiday.
到那时候，我已经特别渴望休假了。
④There was a desperate shortage of doctors.
医生人数严重不足。
⑤The state of the country is desperate.
该国局势严峻。
⑥There was a note of desperation in his voice.
听他的语气，他急得要命。
⑦In desperation，she called Louise and asked for her help.
在走投无路的情况下，她给路易丝打了个电话请她帮忙。
Do you think by the end of the conversation，Bob has talked Wei Ping into going camping?
你认为在对话结束时，鲍勃会说服魏平去野营吗？
①We talked him into doing this experiment.
我们说服他进行这项实验。
②He talked me into walking home with him.
他说服我跟他一起走路回家。
[自我探究]
talk sb.into doing sth.＝persuade sb.to do sth.意为说服某人做某事。
talk sb.round 说服某人同意
talk around sth. 不着边际地谈
talk back 回嘴，顶嘴
talk out 通过协商解决(问题)
talk sb.out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
talk over 商量，详细讨论
talk of 谈到，提及
talk through 把……彻底说清楚
[巧学活用]——完成句子
不要被别人说服去做你不想做的事。
Don’t let yourself be________________doing anything you don’t want to do.
答案：talked into
If someone is unlucky enough to be bitten，wind a bandage firmly around the whole limb if they are bitten on a limb.
要是有人不幸被蛇咬了，如果咬伤在四肢处，用绷带缠紧整个肢体。
①The nurse wound bandage round my finger.
护士用纱布包扎我的手指头。
②The little boy wound his arms around his mother’s neck.
那个小男孩用手臂紧紧抱着妈妈的脖子。
[自我探究]
在以上两个例句中，wind是及物动词，意为缠，绕，卷。
wind
(1)缠绕，卷绕
(2)摇动，转动，给……上发条
(3)(河流、道路等)蜿蜒，曲折前进
wind down 使逐步结束，平静下来，放松
wind up (使)结束；愚弄
wind one’s way 蜿蜒前进
③Wind the wires around those nails there.
把金属丝绕在那边的那些钉子上。
④Can you wind the video back a little way—I want to see that bit again.
请把录像往后倒一点——我想再看看那一小段。
⑤What time is it？I forgot to wind my watch.
几点了？我忘记把表上发条了。
⑥Would you mind winding down the window?
请把窗户摇下来好吗？
⑦Highway 99 winds its way along the coast.
99号公路沿海岸线弯弯曲曲地延伸。
⑧If we all agree，let’s wind up the discussion.
要是大家都同意的话，咱们这次讨论就此结束。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)她绕来绕去穿过了人群。
She____________________________．
(2)今年我们都很忙——我需要有一段假期放松一下。
This year we have been busy—I need a holiday just______________________．
答案：(1)wound her way through the crowd
(2)to wind down
While a small number of Australians are bitten by spiders each year，most recover without any medical treatment. 虽然每年有少数澳大利亚人被蜘蛛咬伤，但是绝大多数人不用治疗就能痊愈。
①She soon recovered herself and stopped crying.
不一会，她冷静下来，不再哭了。
②He fell off the bike and hurt his leg，but soon recovered.
他从自行车上摔下来，伤了腿，但很快就恢复了。
[自我探究]
recover是及物动词，意为痊愈；复原。
recover v.
(1)恢复健康，恢复正常
(2)重新获得，找回
(3)恢复(能力、知觉、活动能力等)
recovery n．恢复，康复；找回
③My boss is recovering from a heart attack.
我老板的心脏病发作，正在恢复中。
④After this war，the country will take a long time to recover.
经过这场战争，这个国家将需要很长时间才能恢复正常。
⑤Police have so far failed to recover the stolen jewellery. 警方尚未找回被盗的珠宝。
⑥It was some hours before she recovered consciousness. 过了几个小时她才恢复知觉。
⑦She made a quick recovery from the flu.
流感后她很快恢复了健康。
This crocodile moves very quickly when it sees something it considers to be food，and from time to time a crocodile has snatched someone before he or she is even aware that the crocodile is there.
当鳄鱼看见某些它认为是食物的东西时，它就会迅速游过去，并且常常在猎物还没有意识到鳄鱼在那儿时，就被它一下子抓住了。
①The fox snatched a chicken and ran away.
狐狸抓了只鸡就跑了。
②The robber snatched the jewellery and escaped.
强盗夺了珠宝就跑了。
[自我探究]
snatch是动词，意为攫取；抓住；抢夺。
snatch v.
(1)抢，抢夺，抢去
(2)抓住(机会、机遇等)；抓紧时间
③The thief snatched her purse and ran.
小偷抢过她的钱包后拔腿就跑了。
④He was snatched from his home by two armed men.
他被两个持枪男子从家中抓走。
⑤I managed to snatch an hour’s sleep on the train.
我在火车上抓紧时间睡了一个小时。
单词 意义区别
catch 是普遍用语，“设法抓住，捉住”
grasp 表示牢牢地“抓住”
seize 指“突然用力抓住使不逃脱”
snatch 表示迅速的拉扯动作，出其不意地“抓取”
grab 表示蛮有把握地抓住某物，它所表示的动作很粗野，迅速
If a person has trouble breathing or becomes unconscious，they should be taken to hospital immediately.
如果一个人呼吸困难或变得昏迷不醒，他们应当立即被送到医院去。
①He knocked the man unconscious with a blow of his fist.
他一拳把那人打得昏过去。
[自我探究]
unconscious是形容词，意为无意识的；不省人事的，昏迷的；未发觉的。
unconscious adj.
(1)不知道……的，未察觉的(常与介词of连用)
(2)不知不觉的，无意中的，不自觉的
(3)无意识的(无比较级和最高级)
become/fall unconscious 失去意识，昏迷
unconsciously adv. 不知不觉地；无意地
unconsciousness n. 无知觉，神志不清
conscious adj. 注意到的；意识到的；清醒的
②He was unconscious of having made so serious an error.
他没有意识到自己犯了如此大的错误。
③Perhaps，unconsciously，I’ve done something to offend her.
我也许无意中做了什么得罪她的事。
④A patient who is not fully conscious should never be left alone.
神志并非完全清醒的病人必须时刻有人照料。
A few varieties，however，can kill humans，so it is just as well that snakes are very shy and usually attack only if they are disturbed and feel threatened.
不过，还有少数几种蛇能致人于死地。好在蛇都胆小怕事，通常只有被打搅和感到威胁时才会出击。
①It is just as well that we didn’t go out with him.还好我们没有和他一起出去。
②It is just as well that he spoke out his own thought.
还好，他说出了他自己的想法。
[自我探究]
it is just as well that意思是还好，倒也不错，还可以。it在此处是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。
it作形式主语的用法结构：
It＋be＋adj./n.＋(for sb.)to do sth.
It ＋be＋adj.＋(of sb.)to do sth.
It ＋be＋adj./n.＋doing sth.
It＋be＋adj./n.＋that-clause.
It＋be＋过去分词＋that-clause.
It seems/looks/appears＋that-clause.
It takes sb.some time to do sth.
It seems as if/though...
③It’s wise of you to make such a decision.
你作出这样的决定真是太明智了。
④It’s a pity that we can not go to see the film.
我们不能去看电影真是可惜。
⑤It was reported that a fire in the bar had claimed 34 lives.
据报道酒吧里的一场大火夺去了34条人命。
⑥It seemed to him that he would never be able to work out the question.
看起来他好像永远也做不出那道题。
⑦How much time does it take you to get there by bus?
你乘公共汽车去那儿要用多长时间？
⑧It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor or a guest.
看起来我父母好像把我当作一位拜访者或一位客人。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
我们坚信，改善医疗会使经济更加繁荣昌盛。
________________that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger，more prosperous economy.
答案：It is our belief
课时作业8
单句语法填空
1．The mountain climber clung to the edge ____________ a desperate attempt to save herself.
答案：in
2．She now has ____________(authorize) over the people who used to be her bosses.
答案：authority
3．We’ll be desperate ____________(defend) our motherland once she is in danger.
答案：to defend
4．The pupils owed their success ____________ the teachers’ care，correct education and strict management.
答案：to
5．Customers are often talked into ____________(buy) some unnecessary goods.
答案：buying
6．Mrs.Smith ____________ (paralyze) with shock and disbelief the minute she heard the news.
答案：was paralyzed
7．She never shrank ____________ doing her duty.
答案：from
8．It can take many years to recover ____________ the death of a loved one.
答案：from
9．He worked out the most difficult maths problem because ____________ all he was the cleverest in our class.
答案：of
10．I’ll call the restaurant and make a ____________ (reserve)．
答案：reservation
阅读理解
A
Illegally traded endangered species that escape, forming secondary populations, offer hope to their long?term survival, a study suggests. “This first came to my attention when I read a news story about the seizure of an illegal shipment of 23 yellow?crested cockatoos，” said Luke Gibson, a college teacher. He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him.
This encouraged Dr. Gibson and his colleague to investigate(调查) how a critically endangered species had become self?sustaining outside of its natural range. They discovered 49 cases of a globally threatened species becoming established as a separate population, including the yellow?crested cockatoo in their city.
“This is a species which is primarily threatened by wildlife trade，” he told BBC News. “Poachers(偷猎者) go out into the forest in its native range in eastern Indonesia and capture the birds and then ship them off, usually up to our city where there is a strong demand for pet birds. This is what has fueled the decline of this species in its native range. But it’s really interesting because that same cause also had another effect：some of the people who were keeping this species here accidentally or intentionally released them.” As a result of enough of the birds being set free, it allowed a new self?sustaining population to be established in this city.
The government of Dr. Gibson’s city has made it illegal to capture the species, even though it is a non?native species. Because the city is affluent and relatively well educated, the cases of people breaking the law are extremely rare, explained Dr. Gibson. Unlike in its native range in Indonesia where capturing birds forms a major source of income.
However, there can be downsides(缺点) to the newly established population of endangered species, such as a limited genetic pool, and suffering from novel diseases. It did also present a possible “very interesting” opportunity for conservationists, Dr. Gibson suggested. This would involve “harvesting” some of the newly established secondary population, which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。濒临灭绝的小葵花凤头鹦鹉遭非法交易，但幸运地被饲养这一物种的一些人释放，因此得以生存繁衍，形成次生种群，这也为自然环境保护主义者提供了一种缓解生物多样性丧失的途径。
1．What was beyond Gibson’s expectations according to the first paragraph?
A．The high rate of wildlife trade.
B．The preciousness of the birds.
C．The fact that the birds nearly disappear.
D．The news that the birds were poached.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him.”可知，Gibson博士因获知小葵花凤头鹦鹉是严重濒危物种而感到惊讶。
2．What happened unexpectedly when the birds were shipped abroad?
A．They formed a separate population.
B．They were kept as pet birds.
C．They were traded illegally.
D．They were killed for research.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But it’s really interesting because that same cause also had another effect：some of the people who were keeping this species here accidentally or intentionally released them...a new self?sustaining...”可知，这些海运过来的鹦鹉被一些养鸟人释放了，最终使得它们形成一个新的自给自足的独立的群体，故选A。
3．Which can replace the underlined word “affluent”？
A．Peace?loving. B．Rich.
C．Free. D．Environment?friendly.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“and relatively well educated, the cases of people breaking the law are extremely rare”及“Unlike in its native range in Indonesia where capturing birds forms a major source of income.”可知，画线词意为“富裕的”。故选B。
4．For what purpose did the author write the passage?
A．To appeal to everyone to stop the wildlife trade.
B．To explain the challenge the wild birds are facing.
C．To introduce a creative approach to wildlife conservation.
D．To raise people’s awareness of protecting endangered species.
C 解析：作者意图题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段的“Illegally traded endangered species that escape, forming secondary populations, offer hope to their long?term survival, a study suggests.”及最后一段的“It did also present a possible ‘very interesting’ opportunity for conservationists...which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss.”可知，濒临灭绝的小葵花凤头鹦鹉由于社会环境的干预，形成了次生种群，而这可能会为保护野生动物提供一种创造性的方法。
B
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well?being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in?vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom?made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”
Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了智能交通团队建立移动实验室，研究老年人开车存在的问题和难点，帮助老年人安全驾驶。
5．What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A．To explore new means of transport.
B．To design new types of cars.
C．To find out older drivers’ problems.
D．To teach people traffic rules.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are”可知，建立实验室的目的是要找出老年人开车有困难的地方，故选C。
6．Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A．It keeps them independent.
B．It helps them save time.
C．It builds up their strength.
D．It cures their mental illnesses.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”可知，对于老年人来说，开车对保持他们生活的独立性至关重要，故选A。
7．What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A．Improve their driving skills.
B．Develop driver?assist technologies.
C．Provide tips on repairing their cars.
D．Organize regular physical checkups.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“the Newcastle team are developing in?vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life”可知，研究者正在研发车载式的技术以帮助老年人晚年依然能开车，故选B。
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．A New Model Electric Car
B．A Solution to Traffic Problems
C．Driving Services for Elders
D．Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
D 解析：标题归纳题。本文的关键词是老年人驾车，重点讲述了为了让他们安全驾车所进行的研究。
七选五
Two biggest wealth in life: your talent and your time.Talent increases and time decreases.Our life，in a way，is trading time with talents. Wasting time means our time decreases while our talents do not increase.1.________．
·Get to know how you use your usual time and make improvements
Take a week and write down what you do every 30 minutes every day and make it into categories.After a week’s recording，you’ll see which part consumes most of the time.2.________．And you could come up with a revised timetable for your next week.
·Use fragment(碎片) time and “dead time”
By time recording，you’ll be amazed how much time you’ve wasted in waiting for the bus，queuing，walking，etc.You could really put that time to better use，3.________．Use your fragment time for insignificant matters so that you could have more time for things that really matter.
·4.________
There’re always things to be done every day，and the thing we could do is to identify whether they’re urgent or important.The things you need to do for the day rest only on the urgent as well as important things. Don’t become slaves to urgent but unimportant things.
·Use the 20%—80% principle
At the most efficient time，20% of time could generate 80% of efficiency and on the contrary，at
the least efficient time，80% of time could only generate 20% of efficiency.We should be doing important work at the most efficient time.That time period differs from person to person，5.________．Yet generally speaking，it’s round 10 in the morning and 3 in the afternoon.
After being familiar with those tips，the next thing would be to implement and hold on to it.Do the right thing at the right time，and we shall make our time to its fullest!
A．but everyone has a peak effect time
B．Make an analysis about the ways you could improve your efficiency
C．like memorizing English words or making necessary phone calls
D．depending on your mentality and physical condition
E．That is why we shall save every second and make it count
F．Pick three things you must finish today
G．Finish as many tasks as possible
【解题导语】 时间是人生最大的财富之一，那么该如何充分利用时间呢？本文为我们提供了几个充分利用时间的方法。
1．E 解析：根据上文的“Wasting time means our time decreases while our talents do not increase.”可知，我们不能浪费时间，应节约每一秒，让它过得有意义。故选E。
2．B 解析：根据上下文可知，通过记录一周的时间分配情况，找出大部分时间用于做什么，进行分析后确定如何更有效地利用时间，从而制订出合理的时间表。故选B。
3．C 解析：根据上文可知，应将等公交、排队、步行等时间利用起来，C项给出了两个利用这些时间的例子。故选C。
4．F 解析：此处为小标题，各小标题的格式应保持一致，该空应为祈使句；根据本段内容可知，做事要分主次，不能成为紧急却不重要的事情的奴隶。故选F。
5．D 解析：根据上文的“That time period differs from person to person”可知，高效时间段因人而异，要看个人的身体和精神状况。故选D。
PAGE
1
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
表 语
他在儿时就当了国王。
He became king when he ____________．
答案：was a child
我们一共7人。
We are ____________．
答案：seven
你忙吗？
Are you ____________？
答案：busy
我能做的只是等待。
All I could do was ____________．
答案：to wait
恭维即是说谎。
Complimenting is ____________．
答案：lying
看到那些事太令人惊讶了。
It’s ____________ surprising to see those things.
答案：so
那就是他的意思。
That’s ________________．
答案：what he means
[自我探究]
表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等，它位于系动词之后，与之构成系表结构。可以作表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、从句等。
一、表语的定义
表语用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态。它一般位于系动词(be，become，get，look，seem，appear，grow，turn等)之后，与之构成“系表结构”。
二、充当表语的成分
表语类型 例 句
名词 He became a famous scientist.他成了一位著名的科学家。
代词 Is this dictionary yours?这本词典是你的吗？
形容词 The teacher’s words remain fresh in my mind.老师的话在我的脑海中记忆犹新。
数词 The child will be ten next month.这个孩子下个月将十周岁。
动词不定式 To teach is to learn. 教即是学。His wish is to be a famous actor.他的愿望是成为一名著名的演员。
动词-ing His job is cleaning streets in the morning. 他的工作是早晨扫街道。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
动词-ed All the children felt disappointed about the result.所有的孩子都对结果感到失望。
介词短语 Mary’s father is out of work now.玛丽的父亲现在失业了。
副词 Is everyone in？ 大家都在吗？
词组 They are twice the size of chickens.它们有鸡的两倍大。That would be a great weight off my mind. 这会了却我一大心事。
表语从句 Times aren’t what they were.时代不同了。The truth is that he has never been abroad. 事实是他从未出过国。This factory is where he worked two years ago. 这个工厂就是他两年前工作过的地方。
三、表语中应注意的问题
表语形容词：英语中，有些形容词在句中只作表语(有时可以作状语)，一般不能作定语。例如：alone，asleep，alike，alive，awake，afraid，ill，ashamed，interested，excited，glad等。
The two books on the desk are alike.
桌子上的那两本书很相似。
She is too ashamed to say a word.
她羞愧得说不出话来。
分词作表语
分词作表语有现在分词和过去分词两种情况，表示“令人……的”，用现在分词形式；表示“感到……的”，用过去分词形式。
例如：若人对某事物感兴趣，就是sb.is interested in...若人/物本身有趣时，就是sb./sth.is interesting。
Travelling is interesting but tiring.
旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
如果要学生学得太多，他们会被搞糊涂的。
动词不定式作表语，用以解释说明实义动词do的精确含义时，to可以省略。
All I want to do most now is (to) have a good rest. 我现在最想做的就是好好休息一下。
表语从句
(1)表语从句的定义
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，即用一个句子作为表语。表语从句放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。另外，常用的还有The reason is that...和It is because...等结构。例如：
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
问题是我们什么时候能涨工资。
(2)表语从句中应注意的几个问题：
①表语从句要用陈述语序。
②不可以用if，而要用whether连接表语从句。
③that在表语从句中通常不可省略。
单句改错
1．She is so considerable towards others that everyone gets on well with her.____________________
答案：considerable→considerate
2．We hold such a strong belief that only the person with strong determination and passion is like to make a brilliant athlete.____________________
答案：like→likely
3．Although he has taken a lot of medicine，his health remains poorly.____________________
答案：poorly→poor
4．What he said sounds friend.____________________
答案：friend→friendly
5．In hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine，she went pale.____________________
答案：In→On
语法与写作
我需要的是书，而她需要的是钱。
What I need____________while what she needs____________.
答案：are books；is money
这朵花闻起来很香。
This flower____________．
答案：smells very sweet
当我跳入水池中时，感觉到水凉凉的。
________________when I jumped into the pool.
答案：The water felt cool
他对这堂课很感兴趣。
He was____________in this class.
答案：very interested
我的工作是照看这些孩子。
My job is________________________．
答案：looking after these children
如何回复电子邮件
写作要求
假设你是李华，你英国的笔友Mike写信询问你班近期搞的“班级图书馆”的情况。请根据以下信息提示给他写一封100词左右的回信，需包括以下要点：
1．活动的目的；
2．活动的组织情况；
3．同学们的反应；
4．自己的感想。
审题谋篇
1．本篇作文写作的体裁是应用文写作中的电子邮件，突出了英语语言学习中语言运用和交际的目的。
2．题目给出语言运用的情境，以及写作的要点提示，但所给出的要点仅是文章应包括的内容，而非具体的语言信息，所以考生切忌做逐句的翻译。
3．写作过程中， 要充分发挥想象力，使行文既要点齐全，又言之有物。
写作要点
很高兴知道你对我们最近建起的班级图书馆感兴趣。
______________________________ our class library we ____________recently.
答案：I’m very glad to know you’re interested in；have organized
现在我想告诉你关于它的一些情况。
Now ________________ you something about it.
答案：I’d like to tell
我们校长号召我们建一个班级图书馆。
Our headmaster ________________ a class library.
答案：called on us to build
之后，我们举行了一次会议来制定一些借还书的规则并选了一些学生来负责。
After that，______________________________________ and choose some students to manage them.
答案：we held a meeting to make some rules of borrowing and returning books
通过充分利用班级图书馆，我获益匪浅。
By ____________________ the class library，I have benefited a lot.
答案：making the most of
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Mike，
I’m very glad to know you are interested in our class library we have organized recently.Now I’d like to tell you something about it.
In order to arouse our interest in reading good books and broaden our horizons，our headmaster called on us to build a class library.We were all very happy with the idea and supported it strongly.Firstly we determined a particular space in the class and bought several bookshelves.Each student offered at least one book which was worth reading.And then we classified the books according to the subject and put them on the shelves in order.After that，we held a meeting to make some rules of borrowing and returning books and choose some students to manage them.By making the most of the class library，I have benefited a lot.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
课时作业9
单句语法填空
1．The question is ____________ he will come or not.
答案：whether
2．The purpose of education is ____________(free) the mind and the spirit.
答案：to free
3．One disadvantage is that you may not get __________(pay) until the study is completed.
答案：paid
4．The meeting was put off, which was exactly ____________ we wanted.
答案：what
5．His suit has become loose. He seems to ____________(lose) weight.
答案：have lost
6．What I want to do is ____________(take) a holiday right away.
答案：take
7．The situation in our country is ____________(encourage)．
答案：encouraging
8．The trouble is ____________ we are short of money.
答案：that
9．That is ____________ stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.
答案：why
10．What the doctor really doubts is ____________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
答案：whether
阅读理解
A
Venus, the Wildest Adventure in 3016!
A trip to the moon, to Mars? You are out. Venus(金星) is your choice! Our spaceship carries you there at the speed of light!
Amazing Venus Facts
Temperature range: ALWAYS about 450 degrees Celsius. Great for barbecues!
Seasons: No seasons. Always visit during best season!
Gravity strength: 0.91 of Earth’s gravity. Makes you lighter and more alive than ever!
Water: NONE. All boiled away.
Day length: 1 day＝243 Earth days. Longest days in solar system, so fun never ends!
Rate of turning: 0.002 km/second. Turns in opposite direction of the earth, so able to see sun rise in the west and set in the east.
Year length: 1 year＝224.7 Earth days or 0.62 of an Earth year.
Rate of revolution: 35.03 km/second.
Atmosphere：
△Very thick.
△96% carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen, and 0.1% water vapor.
△Can’t support life: Suffocating carbon dioxide, thick clouds of sulfuric acid, and gases create greenhouse effect so very hot and no water.
*Your Accommodations* ?You will travel on a high?tech rocket ship that will transport you from Earth to Venus in a mere 2.4 minutes by traveling at the speed of light. This trip will cost only $750，000. ?Our two hotels are very luxurious and are super strong, allowing you to lie on the ground without being crushed by the pressure of the atmosphere. They are called Venus Heaven and Rocket Palace, and the cost to stay is only $200 per night. You’ll get your money’s worth at these two hotels, receiving free meals every day. To book a trip, call 1?800.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了3016年组织的一次到金星的冒险旅行并介绍了金星的一些情况。
1．What would you see if you faced east on Venus?
A．The rising sun.
B．The circling earth.
C．The setting sun.
D．The full moon.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据Amazing Venus Facts部分第六段第二句可知，在金星上面向东方可以看到日落。故C项符合题意。
2．During the trip to Venus, you would pay nothing for ________．
A．service B．food
C．the spaceship D．the hotel
B 解析：细节理解题。根据Your Accommodations部分第二段最后一句可知，在去金星旅行期间，你的食物不需要付费。故B项符合题意。
3．Which section of a magazine is the text from?
A．Fashion circle. B．News report.
C．Modern art. D．Future world.
D 解析：文章出处题。根据文章的题目Venus，the Wildest Adventure in 3016！可知，这次旅行发生在一千年之后，由此可推知，这是未来的事情。故D项符合题意。
B
There is growing evidence that watching hours and hours of TV can promote kids to eat unhealthy foods and gain more weight.But for many parents，the television is still a convenient solution of entertainment.Hoping to show light on how to best help parents cut back on such TV time，scientists identified certain characteristics among babies and mothers that tend to promote more hours in front of the screen.
In the study，the researchers analyzed data from 217 mother and baby pairs.At 3，6，9，12，and 18 months after birth，the babies’ mothers reported on how long the TV was on during the day and how often they fed their babies while watching TV.
Overall，mothers spent a significant amount of time watching television，and it was reported that they spent quite a bit of time feeding their babies in front of the TV as well.Babies just 3 months old were exposed to an average of nearly three hours of TV or videos daily，and nearly 40% of the youngsters were exposed to three hours of TV every day by the time they were a year old.
The scientists were also able to find some factors that contribute to fewer hours in front of the screen，however.Moms with a high school diploma or any additional education were less likely to have TVs in their babies’ room，and less likely to keep the television on during meals.
Eating in front of the television can lead to unhealthy dining habits that affect childhood and adulthood since mothers feeding babies while watching TV might not focus，which can lead to overfeeding.
So while it’s not surprising that meals and television aren’t a healthy combination，understanding the range of factors that contribute to greater TV exposure may help parents to build more effective ways to limit too much screen time.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍了婴儿的饮食习惯与母亲看电视的时间有一定的联系，看电视时给孩子喂奶哺乳可能会促使儿童养成不健康的饮食习惯。
4．What were the mothers asked to report in the study?
A．The characteristics among babies and mothers caused by TV.
B．The ages of their babies and times they fed them with TV on.
C．The time they spent on TV and times they fed babies before TV.
D．The time they watched TV and the amount of food they fed their babies.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，研究人员要求这些婴儿的母亲汇报她们看电视的时间和看电视期间喂奶哺乳的频率。故选C。
5．What brings mothers wise use of television according to the study?
A．Interest. B．Education.
C．Intelligence. D．Age.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Moms with a high school diploma or any additional education...”可知，受教育程度高的妇女，能更加理智地使用电视。故选B。
6．Babies might be fed more than they need before TV because ________．
A．their mothers don’t focus on cooking
B．babies tend to eat more in front of TV
C．babies eat carelessly when exposed to TV
D．TV might draw their mothers’ attention
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“...since mothers feeding babies while watching TV might not focus，which can lead to overfeeding.”可知，母亲看电视时喂孩子会因注意力不集中而喂过量。故选D。
7．What does the writer intend to tell us?
A．Mothers feeding babies should give up watching TV.
B．Watching too much TV can make kids gain more weight.
C．Mothers with babies should limit the time spent on TV.
D．Watching TV is a suitable way of entertainment for parents.
C 解析：写作意图题。根据文章的首尾两段，尤其是最后一段的最后一句可知，作者写此文的目的旨在告诫有小孩的母亲应该限制看电视的时间和次数，尤其是在给婴儿哺乳喂奶时尽量不要看电视。故选C。
语法填空
Family values are principles that help to define us as human beings. These values are learned, and are usually passed down from one generation to 1.____________. However, they can also change over time, 2.____________(depend) upon the circumstances in which families find themselves. They shape the way we behave, they help families stick together, and they give us our identity.
We always admire a person who treats the elderly with respect, or 3.____________(help) people in need, or is always honest with others. Such 4.____________(admire) behavior is usually a direct result of the values that a person was taught by his family.
These values or principles—respect, fairness and 5.____________(honest) among many others—also help hold the family together in times of trouble. When problems arise, the family is able to withstand them because they share the same idea about 6.____________ is important. When family members feel pressure from the outside world, they know they can come into their family for 7.____________ comforting connection.
Finally, family values make us who we are. 8.____________ we talk about our personal character and what 9.____________(influence) our decisions, we do so based on the values 10.____________(give) to us by our family.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，论述了家庭价值观的作用。
1．another 解析：考查代词。from one...to another...是固定结构，表示“从一个……到另一个……”。
2．depending 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处depend与句子主语之间存在主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
3．helps 解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知此处用一般现在时，并且a person是第三人称，故填单数形式。
4．admirable 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处需要一个形容词作定语，故填admirable“令人羡慕的”。
5．honesty 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处需要用名词形式。
6．what 解析：考查名词性从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用what引导宾语从句，并充当从句的主语。
7．a 解析：考查冠词。当家庭成员感受到外部压力时，他们知道可以到家庭里去寻求舒心的纽带。这里第一次提到，表示泛指，故用不定冠词。
8．When 解析：考查状语从句的引导词。结合语境可知，此处应用when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。
9．influences 解析：考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，这里“what influences our decisions”是宾语从句，what作主语，表示单数意义，故谓语动词用单数形式。
10．given 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处values与give之间存在动宾关系，故用过去分词given作定语，修饰名词values，强调一个被动的、已经发生的动作。
书面表达
假如你是李华，你校外教Mr.Johnson想让其六岁的女儿学汉语，他向你发来电子邮件，询问去哪所学校学习更好。请根据以下提示给他回一封邮件。
1．推荐英才语言学校；
2．该校有10多年的对外汉语教学经验；
3．该校接受不同教育程度和背景的学生；
4．该校课程(curriculum)丰富，授课方式灵活、生动、有趣。
注意：词数100左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Mr. Johnson,
I’m very glad to learn that you want your 6?year?old daughter to learn Chinese. Here I’d like to recommend a well?known language school in our city—Yingcai Language School.
The language school, which has over ten years of experience in teaching foreign students Chinese, receives students from all over the world, regardless of their educational level and background. Its curriculum includes Chinese culture, everyday communication and spoken Chinese. All the teachers there have developed a special method so that they can make their classes lively and interesting. They even develop some online classes. Many foreign students can use Chinese freely when they leave school.
I hope you can take my recommendation into consideration. If you need to know anything else, do not hesitate to contact me.
Yours，
Li Hua
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