中考英语复习专题：非谓语动词及练习（含答案）

非谓语动词专题
学前自测（发现考点）
( )1. I know you are busy, but you look pale. You'd better ____ a good rest.
A. stop to have B. stop having C. to stop to have D. to stop having
( )2. Mum, please ask Sally ___ any noise. I’m doing my homework.
A. not make B. don't make C. not to make D. don't to make
( )3. —I decided ___ weight by eating less every day.
—Oh, forget it! You have said that again and again.
A. to lose B. lost C. losing D. lose
( )4. I love my cat and spend a lot of time ___ after it.
A. look B. looks C. to look D. looking
( )5. My mother advised me ___ to music when I was doing my homework, or I will make a lot of mistakes.
A. listening B. listen to not C. not to listen D. to listen
( )6. He asked her ___ the bag because it was too expensive.
A. not to buy B. to buy not C. not buying D. not buy
( )7. I wanted to ask my friend ____ me with the Maths problem, but my teacher didn't allow.
A. help B. helping C. to help D. to helping
( )8. —You were in such a hurry this morning. What happened?
—Oh. I got up too late this morning. So I had to run as fast as I could _____ the bus.
A. catch B. catching C. to catching D. to catch
( )9. —I feel a bit thirsty now. — Why not ____ for a cold drink with us?
A. go B. going C. to go D. do you go
( )10. We had better stop ____. It's going to rain.
A. run B. ran C. to run D. running

谓语与非谓语的区别
原则一：在一个句子， 一般一个主语应配套一个谓语， （并列谓语除外），如一个主语后跟了两个动词， 就应该有一个是谓语动词， 一个应该是非谓语动词，这种情况在我们汉语中叫做“连动”
如：我去书店买一些书，在此句中， 只有一个主语“我”，却有两个动词“去”和“买”，那么“去”就应该是谓语动词， “买”就应该是非谓语动词
例句：(1)I went to the bookshop to buy some books
谓语 非谓语
(2)He enjoys playing basketball
谓语 非谓
(3)I sing and play my favourite songs
并列谓语

原则二：谓语动词体现的时态，与时间状语有关
非谓语与时态无关
例句：(1)He enjoys reading books every day
谓语（现在时） 非谓 现在时标志时间状语
(2)He enjoyed reading books last year
谓语（过去时） 非谓语 过去时标志时间状语
谓语动词会受时间状语的影响，体现各种时态
非谓语动词不受时间状语的影响，与时态无关，与主语的单复数无关

原则三：谓语与非谓语的形式不同，谓语主要体现十六种基本时态（含被动），而非谓只有三种固定形式（被动和完成）to do , doing , done
例句：(1)He finished reading the novels
过去时 doing
(2) He has something to be sent
现在时 to do被动
(3)They were rebuilding the damaged house
过去进行时 done
(4)Kate had found the missing boy
过去完成时 doing
(5)Having realized the secret, he was angry
Doing 完成 过去时
小结：谓语动词的形式有 did , does , be doing have/has done had done etc
非谓语动词的形式有to do ,doing , done , to be done ,being done , having done ,
注意：(1)doing 算做是非谓语 而be+doing 算做是谓语
例如：go –went-gone 可以轻易区分go 和went 算谓语而gone属于过去分词是非谓语；但是如find-found-found play-played-played类似这样的词其过去时和过去分词一样， 如果你在选项中看到 played要从两个方面考虑，A 谓语动词过去时 B 非谓语动词过去分词

原则四：谓语动词与非谓语动词的顺序并不是一定有先后的
例句：(1)The damaged house was in ruins
非谓（过去分词） 谓语（过去时）
(2)He played the songs written by JouJou
谓语（过去时） 非谓（过去分词）
证明：第一句是先非谓后谓语，而第二句是先谓语后非谓语

1． There ______ no bus, we had to walk home.
　 There ______ no bus and we had to walk home.
　　A. was　　B. being　　C. be　　D. to be
答案:BA
解题方法：先看选项， AC是谓语 BD是非谓语
第二个题目是并列句，所以前后是两个句子，and之前的句子缺的就是谓语动词， 又由had 决定了是过去时， 所以用was
第一道题目，前后两部分之间用逗号分开， 所以不是并列句， 所以前一部分是后一部分的状语，也就不是句子， 所以选非谓语，用being
2．The girl ______ in a red coat is Mary.
　 The girl is ______ Mary now.
A. dressed　　B. dressing　　C. dress　D. to dress
答案:AB
解题方法：先看题目，第一道题目中有一个动词is ,所以缺少的是非谓语动词，应该从ABD中选 过去分词词be dressed in ,所以选用dressed .第二道题目缺少谓语动词，前面有is 算be 应该选 dressing 构成进行时（谓语动词）


动词的非谓语形式：动词不做谓语时的固定形式?
I?非谓语的三种形式
类别结构 含义 例句
现在分词/动名词 doing 主动，进行 1)?boiling?water?正在沸腾的水? 2)?Do?you?know?the?girl?standing?over?there??你认识站在那里的那个女孩吗？ 3)Seeing?is?believing.?眼见为实。(动名词)
being done 被动，进行? (正在被做) 1)The?houses?being?built?now?are?for?the?teachers.现在正在建的那些房子是为老师而建的。 2)1.No?one?enjoys?being?made?fun?of?in?public.没人愿意当众被取笑。(动名词)
having?done? 主动，完成? 1)?Having?waited?for?an?hour,?he?left. 等了一个小时后，他离开了。? 2)?Not?having?received?a?reply,?he?wrote?another?letter.没收到回复，他又写了一封信 3) I?apologize?for?not?having?kept?my?promise．?我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。(动名词)
having?been?done?? 被动，完成 1)Having?been?told?many?times,?he?still?made?the?same?mistake.? 虽然被告诉过好多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。 2)Tony?was?very?unhappy?for?not?having?been?invited?to?the?party.托尼不高兴是因为没有被邀请参加聚会。(动名词)
过去分词 done 被动，完成 The?story?told?by?Tom?is?very?interesting.汤姆讲得故事非常有趣。?
不定式 to do 将来，主动 I?have?much?work?to?do.我有很多工作要做。
to?be?done? 将来，被动? The?houses?to?be?built?next?month?are?very?big.下个月将要被建的那些房子很大。
to?have?done? 完成，主动? 使用条件：? 1)?看结构是否需要；2)?看是否表达过去或完成之意 He’s?said?to?have?invented?the?telephone. 据说他发明了电话。?


考点一 动词不定式(to do)的用法
动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,有加 to 和省略 to 两种形式,可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成份。
1. 作主语 To?see?is?to?believe.? To travel around China is my dream. 环游中国是我的梦想。 It?is?better?to?see?something?once?than?to?hear?about?it?a?hundred?times. 注意:不定式作主语,整个结构看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式,但通常用 it 作形式主语,而把不定式放于句末,来保持句子的平衡,常见的句式有: (1) it takes sb. some time to do sth. It took me twenty minutes to finish my English homework. 完成我的英语家庭作业花费了我 20 分钟的时间。(2) it’s + adj. / n. +to do sth It's interesting to read the English books. 读英语书是很有趣的。(3) it's+adj. +for sb. to do sth. 其中形容词是用来修饰动词不定式的，形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如：difficult,?interesting,?easy,?impossible等。 It's hard for me to learn English well. 学好英语对我来说是很难的。(4) it's+adj. +of sb. to do sth. 其中形容词是用来修饰某人的，形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容?词，如：good,?kind,?nice,?clever,?foolish等 It's very kind of you to help me. 帮助我你真是太好了。
★区分用法★? 1)?直接用不定式做主语的句子显得更加正式。? 2)?如主语和表语都是to?do，则只能采用to do放句首的形式。??? 对敌人仁慈就是对人民残忍。 To?be?kind?to?the?enemy?is?to?be?cruel?to?the?people? 3)?如是疑问句或感叹句，则只能采用it做形式主语的形式。??? What?is?it?like?to?be?there?? What?a?joy?it?was?to?read?Barak’s?book! ★小试身手★? 1)?To?be?fond?of?dancing?was?a?certain?step?towards?falling?in?love.? ________________________________________________________? 2)?对他来说，学两门外语是很困难的。? ________________________________________________________? 3)?你能这么说很有礼貌。? ________________________________________________________? ★真题试炼★? 1)?It’s?important?_____?the?piano?well.? A.?of?him?to?play??B.?for?him?to?play? C.?of?him?playing?? D.?for?him?playing? 2)?It’s?wrong?_____?her?like?that.? A.?of?you?to?treat??B.?for?you?to?treat? C.?of?you?treating?? D.?for?you?treating ★链接中考★ —How long does it take your father ______ to work every day? —About half an hour. A. drives B. driving C. to drive
2. 作表语 动词不定式作表语时,主要表示愿望、责任、义务等，一般可转化为动词不定式作主语。 His wish is to be a teacher. 他的愿望就是当一名老师。 To be a policeman is his wish. 当一名警察是他的愿望。 主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果）??? To?do?that?would?be?to?cut?the?foot?to?fit?the?shoe.? ________________________________________________________?
3. 作宾语 [A] 及物动词+不定式一般形式： 谓语动词(vt.)+不定式 (作宾语)[说 明]want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) / learn(学会) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) / mean(意味着) / prefer(宁愿) / wish(希望) plan(计划)/seem(似乎)+ to (do)(无)help(帮助)to可以省略begin(开始)/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟动名词,意义变化不大forget(忘记) / remember(记得)/ like(总爱) 也可跟动名词,意义变化较大
I would like to have a rest at the moment.我现在想休息一下。 They began to search the room for the thief.他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷。 He liked to have a swim in the pool near his house.他喜爱在靠家的水塘里面游泳。 When did you learn to speak English?你什么时候开始学英语的？ Don’t forget to close the door when you leave.你离开时别忘了关门。 ★区分用法★ He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关) He forgot turning off the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) Please remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话.)(还没打电话) I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话) [B] 及物动词+疑问词+不定式： 谓语动词(vt.)+wh-疑问词+不定式 (作宾语)说明tell (告诉) / show (显示) / know (知道) / ask (问) / find out (发现) / understand (明白) / wonder(疑惑) / learn(学会) / forget(忘记) / remember(记得) / teach sb.(教某人) / discuss(商讨)what where + how + to (do) who which ……不定式疑问形式还可以作句子的主语、表语等。
He does not know which one to take.(他不知道该选哪个) Tell me how to get to the station.(告诉我怎么样去火车站) She asked me what to do for today’s homework.(她问我今天家庭作业做什么) Can you teach me how to search the internet?(你能教我怎样上网吗？ [C] 不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用it代替作形式宾语,而不定式则后置。常跟 it 作形式宾语的动词有: find, think, make 等。 I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易) I found it difficult to get on with him. 我发现与他相处是很难的。 ★链接中考★ 1.Granny often tells us ______ water in our daily life. A. save B. saving C. to save D. saves 2.—What would you like for breakfast ? —I like hamburgers . But now I’d like ______ some cakes. A. eating B. to eat C. to drink D. drinking
4. 作宾语补足语 a.?非谓语做宾补的用法。 结构含义例子see?+?宾语?+?do看见（宾语）做……了see?him?go?to?the?officesee?+宾语?+?doing看见（宾语）正在做see?him?going?to?the?officesee?+宾语?+?being?done看见（宾语）正在被做see?him?being?bitten?by?a?dogsee?+宾语?+?done看见（宾语）被做see?him?bitten?by?a?dog
b.?不定式to?do（do）做宾补表示“要去做”。 结构例词动词+宾语+?to?doask,?invite,?tell,?want,?encourage,?wish,?expect,?beg,?request,?require,?advise,?order, teach,?force, warn, allow, would like等表示劝请、要求、喜好类
I?want?both?of?you?to?go.? The?teacher?told?us?to?do?exercise one.? I told him not to draw on the wall. 我告诉过他别在墙上乱画。 Mum asked me to help her with the cooking.(妈妈叫我帮助她做饭) I would like you to see my parents.(我想要你见见我的父母) c.?do?做宾补表示“全过程” 动词+宾语+do(省略to)一“感”：feel? 二“听”：hear?/?listen?to? 三“使”：have?/?make?/?let? 四“看”：see?/?watch?/?notice?/?find /loot at 半“帮助”：help
I?saw?my?daughter?enter?the?classroom, sit in?a?chair,?open?her?English?book?and?begin?to?read?Chapter?15. The boss often made the workers work 14 hours a day.(老板常让工人们一天工作14小时) Now let me hear you play the violin.(现在让我来听你拉小提琴) [注意]hear / see / feel / watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时,含义不同,需特别注意,(参见现在分词部分)。比较： I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路过时听到她正在哭)(指当时瞬间的情况) I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.(我坐在她附近听她唱新歌)(指整个过程) ★链接中考★ 1.The woman made his son ______ finally after she told him some jokes. A. laughed B. to laugh C. laugh D. laughing 2.The woman made his son _______ finally after she told him some jokes. A. laughed B. to laugh C. laugh D. laughing 3.While I was walking along the lake, I saw some fish _____ out of the water. A. jumped B. to jump C. jumping D. are jumping
5. 作定语 动词不定式短语作定语时，应放在所修饰的名词、代词之后。 动词不定式与被修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 用法例句 及物动词to?do出现在名词后面。 动宾关系I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。 He?always?has?a?lot?of?meetings?to?attend.? Have?you?got?anything?to?say?at?the?meeting?主谓关系She?is?always?the?first?(one)?to?come?and?the?last?to?leave. 不及物动词to?do出现在名词后面且带上相应的介词。Let’s?first?find?a?room?to?live?in?/?to?put?the?things?in.? We?have?nothing?to?worry?about.? They could not find a place to live in.(他们找不到住的地方) Please give me a chair to sit on.(请给我一张椅子坐坐) He has got a writing brush to write with.((他找到了写字的毛笔)[注意]：但前面被修饰的名词是place/time/way时可省略不及物动词的介词。I?think?the?best?way?to?travel?is?by?air.? We?have?no?place?to?live.
[A] 记住下面的一些结构： 被修饰部分 + 不定式(作后置定语)汉 语 意 思a keyto lock the door锁门的钥匙 a boxto hold these things装这些东西的箱子give her a bookto read给她一本书读Is there any (+名词/代词)to (do)? 有…要(做的)吗?It’s timeto go.是走的时间了。/ 该走了。Do you have any workto do?你有工作要做吗?I’d like somethingto eat.我要点儿吃的。I have nothingto say.我没有话要说。Would you like somethingto drink?你要点儿喝的吗？
★小试身手★? 1)?了解一个人最好的方法是和他/她生活一段时间.? ________________________________________________________? 2)?你有什么可以吃的东西吗?? ________________________________________________________? 3)?许多老人找不到可以安度晚年的地方.? ________________________________________________________ ★链接中考★ We have two rooms ______, but I can’t decide ______. A. to live, to choose which one B. lived, choose which one C. to live in, which one to choose D. live, which one
6. 作状语 不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。 a.?放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等? They?ran?over?to?welcome?the?delegates.?? To arrive there on time,I got up one hour earlier than usual.(为了按时到达,我们比平时早起了一个小时)(表示早起的目的) [A] 放在不及物动词(come, go, stop, finish, wait等词)的后面。 He came to see her yesterday.(他昨天来看望她)(表示来的目的) I stopped to have a rest.(我停下来休息一会儿)(表示停下来的目的) [注意] stop to do 与stop doing的不同。 They stopped to have a look.(他们停下来看看)(不定式作“停下来”的目的状语) They stopped looking out of the window and began to listen to the teahcher.(他们停止向窗外望,开始听老师讲课)(动名词作宾语,表示“停止”的内容) [B] 放在完整的谓语之后(即“谓语+宾语”、“谓语+宾语+补语”、“动词+表语”之后)。 We cleaned the room to let him play in it.(我们打扫了房间以便让他在里面玩) I opened the window to see more clearly.(我打开窗子以便看得更清楚点儿) [注意] (1)?in?order?to?do?常置于句首用来强调目的。? (2)?so?as?to/so….as?to??表示目的，不可以置于句首。?? ★小试身手★? 1)?为了能够准时到达那里，我们必须现在出发? ________________________________________________________? 2)?为了款待重要客人，他从英国请了管家。? ________________________________________________________? 3)?他们一大早出发为了能赶上首班车。? ________________________________________________________? b.跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面, 表示产生某种感情的时间（或原因） I’m sorry to hear that. 听到那件事我感到很难过 c.?表示结果? (1)?so...as?to 如此……以至于 Would?you?be?so?kind?as?to?lend?me?your?bicycle?/?tell?me?the?time?(2)?such?(…)?as?to...如此……以至于 I’m?not?such?a?fool?as?to?believe?that.(3)?enough?to.... 足以 The?boy?is?old?enough?to?go?to?school.(4)?too...to...?太……以至于不能... 注意：但是too….to结构前如果出现but,?never,?only等词时则表示肯定。 His?eyesight?is?too?poor?to?read?such?small?letters. It is never too old to learn.活到老学到老。(5)?only?to?不料却……，结果却……不定式之前有时可以加上only或but?only，以加强语气 I?bought?expensive?tickets?to?the?theatre,?only?to?discover?that?the?show?was?boring.
★小试身手★? 1)?你说这些话只会把大家弄得更加紧张。? ________________________________________________________? 2)?她太小了不能看这个暴力电影。 ________________________________________________________? 【链接中考】 As teenagers, we’re old enough _______ with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms. A. to help B. helping C. helped
7. “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等成份。 I don’t know what to say. 我不知道说什么。 Can you tell me how to use the computer? 你能告诉我怎样使用这台电脑吗？ ●能用这种不定式短语作宾语的动词有：tell, show, know, learn, forget等。如： I can’t decide which sweater to buy! 我不能决定买哪一件毛衣！ 注意： ⑴ 疑问代词往往是这一结构中不定式的宾语, 因此, 不定式中的动词应是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词。而疑问副词在这一结构中只能作状语。 ⑵ 作宾语用的带疑问词的不定式短语相当于一个宾语从句。可以通过用“疑问词+不定式”结构把一个复合句转换成简单句。如： She didn’t know where she could find the children. →She didn’t know where to find the children. Can you tell me what I will do next?→Can you tell me what to do next? ⑶ 某些动词后面的不定式短语省去疑问词并不会造成意义上的差异。但在动词know后面的不定式一定要有疑问词, 决不能省去。 He learned (how) to swim last Sunday. 【链接中考】 There are so many kinds of Mp3 in the shop. We can’t decide ______. A. what to buy B. to buy what C. which to buy D. to buy which

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考点二 动名词(doing)
在形式上,动名词与现在分词一样。 动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)、表语、定语、宾语补足语等。动名词加相关词语(宾语或状语等)构成动名词短语。
1. 作主语 a.?动名词做主语通常位于句首。 ??Seeing?is?believing.? ??Not?finishing?school?can?affect?your?whole?life. b.?将?it放句首做形式主语，把动名词置于句末的常用结构。? It?is?+?a?waste?of?time/no?good/not?any?good/no?use/useless?+?doing?sth.??? It?is?no?use?talking?to?him?again.??? It?is?no?good?(your)?refusing?to?do?it.?? ★小试身手★??? ________?is?an?important?decision?in?a?person’s?life.?（结婚）??? ________?is?against?the?law.??（酒后驾车）? _________?relaxes?me?at?the?end?of?the?day.（听古典音乐）??? 跟他聊天就是浪费时间。 ____________________________________________________________ c.动名词作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 Smoking is harmful. 吸烟是有害的。
2. 作表语 a.动名词作表语可以转换为动名词作主语。 The nurse's job is looking after the patients. =Looking after the patients is the nurse's job. 护士的工作就是照顾病人。 b.此时特别注意不要与现在进行时混淆。 My job is putting these parts together.(我的事情是把这些部件拼起来) I am putting these parts together.(我正在把这些部件拼起来) ★小试身手★? 1)?他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。? _________wheelchairs?for?disabled?people. ★区分用法★ 做主语含义例句不定式to?do一次性的具体的动作? 有特定的动作执行者To?lie?is?wrong.? To?live?in?Beijing?is?the?height?of?Tom’s ambition.动名词doing抽象的泛指的动作无特定的动作执行者?Lying?is?wrong.? Swimming?is?good?exercise.
做表语含义例句不定式to?do一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作His?job?is?to?paint?the?walls.?他的工作是粉刷墙。(就这次的工作是刷墙)动名词doing一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作His?job?is?painting?walls.?? 他的工作是粉刷墙。（这是他日常的工作）

3. 作宾语 [A] want / need之后用动名词时,含有被动意思。Your car needs repairing badly.(你的车急需修理。)(被修) My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理)[B] remember / forge / stop / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同I forgot to write a letter to him.(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写) I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了) They stopped to look back.(他们停下来向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) They stopped looking back.(他们停止向后看)(不向后看了)[C] enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go/finish/practice/miss/consider/suggest等词一般用动名词作宾语，动名词还可以作介词的宾语Do you mind my closing the door?(把门关上你介意吗？) She hates travelling by air.(她讨厌坐飞机旅行) They went swimming every afternoon.(他们每天下午去游泳) I enjoy walking around the town.(我喜欢在镇上转悠) 【链接中考】 English is very important, so I practice _______ it very hard. A. speaks B. to speak C. speaking D. speak[D] like / love / start / begin / learn后面用动名词时,与用不定式意思相近或相同We began to study English when we were at primary school.(我们在小学时就开始学英语了) We began studying English when we were at primary school. (我们在小学时就开始学英语了)[E]常见的后接动名词的短语 be busy 忙于 be worth 值得 can’t help 禁不住 give up 放弃 think of 考虑 be used to 习惯 feel like 想要 stop／keep…from 阻止 be good at 擅长 be interested in 对…感兴趣 succeed in 成功 look forward to 盼塑 等 We look forward to seeing you again. 我们期待着与你再次相见。 Have you given up drinking whisky before breakfast? 你在早餐以前已不喝威士忌了吗? 【链接中考】 The boy is looking forward to a good time after the exam. A. to have B. has C. having D. have
巧记:只能跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语列举如下: 完成、实践、值得、忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy) 继续、习惯、放弃(keep, be used to, give up) 考虑、建议、不禁、想要(consider, suggest, can't help, feel like) 喜欢、思念、介意(enjoy, miss, mind)
4. 作定语 动名词作定语,表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，一般置于被修饰词前。 He slept in the sleeping bag. 他在睡袋里睡觉。
动名词与现在分词构成相同,但是含义不同,动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主要表示进行着的动作。 Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短语,作主语) Seeing is believing.(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语) He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(现在分词,作定语) His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(现在分词,作宾补) 动名词的常用句型 ⑴ go＋doing sth. 去做……　　 ⑵ be worth doing sth. 值得做…… ⑶ can’t help＋doing sth. 禁不住…… ⑷ be used to＋doing sth. 习惯做…… ⑸ It is no use(good)＋doing sth. 做……没有 ⑹ without＋doing sth. 没有做……就…… ⑺ no＋doing 表示“禁止, 不准”。




考点三 分词(现在分词doing和过去分词done)
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。 现在分词具有主动和进行的含义，而过去分词则具有被动和已经完成的含义。
1. 作定语
a)?分词做定语的基本含义 分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。这两种在句子中能担任的成分大体相同。? 现在分词一般有主动的意思过去分词一般有被动的意思用现在分词做定语的句子（表示主动）用过去分词做定语的句子1)?He?is?an?interesting?man.? 2)?The?house?standing?there?belongs?to?me.1)?Interested?members?will?meet?at?two.? 2)?The?house?built?last?year?is?very?beautiful.

b)?分词作定语的重要知识点： (1)?单独作定语，应放在被修饰的名词之前，在更多情况下，可以用分词短语作定语，这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后，在意义上也相当于一个定语从句，如：??? 现在分词：touching?story?/?leading?cadres?/?shining?example?/?coming?week?/???? 过去分词：skilled?worker?/?armed?forces?/?boiled?water?/?steamed?bread? 1)?Barking?dogs?seldom?bite.? 2)?Soon?our?respected?and?beloved?leaders?entered?the?banquet?hall.? 3)?Who?is?the?man?standing?(=?that?is?standing)?by?the?door?? 4)?They?built?a?highway?leading?(=?which?leads)?into?the?mountains.? ★小试身手★? 1.?写出下列短语的意思? 1)?the?rising?sun??????_____________________? 2)?fallen?leaves???????_____________________? 3)?faded?flowers?????? _____________________? 4)?returned?students?? _____________________? 5)?retired?workers?? _____________________?? 6)?the?exploded?bomb??_____________________? 7)?departed?friends???? _____________________ 2.?把分词做定语改成定语从句或者定语从句改成分词作定语? 1)?They?are?problems?left?over?by?history.? ____________________________________________________ 2)?Have?you?read?any?short?stories?which?were?written?by?Lu?Xun??? ____________________________________________________ 3)?developing?countries?=??????????????????????????? 4)?a?city?that?is?growing?=
(2)?作定语的现在分词和过去分词所表示的动作发生的时间不同 1)?现在分词表示正在进行的动作(变为从句时要用进行时态) Tell?the?children?playing?there?(who?are?playing?there)?not?to?make?so?much?noise. Did?you?see?the?man?talking?(who?was?talking)?to?the?manager?2)?现在分词表示经常性的动作,?或现在?(或当时)?的状态(变为从句时用一般时态) They?lived?in?a?room?facing?(=?that?faced)?the?south. The?house?standing?(=?that?stands)?at?the?corner?of?the?street?was?built?in?1955.(3)?过去分词作定语时，过去分词所表示的动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间性 The?meeting?held (which?was?held)?last?week?is?very?important. He?is?a?man?loved?(who?is?loved)by?all.


[注意]
①如果所表示的动作现在正在发生，或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，可以用现在分词的被动形式来表示，如：The?meeting?being?held?is?very?important.?
We?must?keep?a?secret?of?the?things?being?discussed?here.(discuss)
②如果所表示的是一个未来的动作，可以用一个不定式的被动形式来表示，如：
The?meeting?to?be?held?next?week?is?very?important.
③分词作定语时,单个分词放在被修饰的名词前;分词短语则须置于被修饰的名词后。
I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕)
The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly,“Stop the thief!”(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊：捉小偷！)
Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人)
He only gave me a broken glass, so I was very angry with him.(他只给了我一个坏玻璃杯,所以我很生他的气)

★小试身手★?
1)?Please?tell?me?the?subjects?to?be?discussed?at?the?next?meeting.?(discuss)?
2)?Please?tell?me?the?subjects?discussed?last?week.?(discuss)?
3)?Do?you?know?the?meeting?being?discussed?now?is?held?by?Peter??(discuss)

2. 分词作表语
分词作表语,一般表示主语的特征和属性。
The result is surprising. 结果是令人吃惊的。
The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。
过去分词可以作表语，放在连系动词后面，但要注意不要与被动语态混淆，“主系表”主要表示状态，而被动语态则表示动作。常用过去分词作表语的结构有：be worried (焦虑) / be pleased (高兴) / be tired (疲劳) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) / beome frustrated (沮丧) / become intereted in (对…感兴趣)等等。

3. 分词作宾语补足语
(1)现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语。
谓语动词(vt.) 宾语 宾语补足语
keep(保持) / see(看到) / hear(听到) / watch(注意到) / feel(感觉到) / find / notice sb./sth. (do)ing

①现在分词作宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行。 句子的宾语是现在分词的逻辑主语,它们之间存在主动关系。
Mum kept me working all the week.(妈妈让我一个星期都在工作)
When I entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子)
In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的东西在我的脚上移动)
②过去分词作宾语补足语时,与宾语之间是被动关系。
I found him reading a novel. 我发现他在看小说。
(2) have/ get sth. done 表示“请别人做某事”,其中的过去分词作宾语补足语,与宾语之间是被动关系。
I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我将找人给我理发。(注意：表示请别人做)
I must get my bike repaired. 我必须请人修理我的自行车。
【链接中考】
At least 300 million people are using QQ ______ by Ma Huateng to chat on line.
A. create B. creates C. creating D. created

4. 分词作状语
(1)现在分词作状语,主要表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随状况等。
a.?现在分词作伴随状语，表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况 The?children?ran?out?of?the?room,?laughing?and?talking?merrily.??? They?stood?there?for?an?hour?watching?the?game. She came into the classroom,holding a pile of papers in her hand.(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸) I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试) 注意：? a.?分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作；? b.?分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作（或状态）是同时发生的；? c.?分词表示的是比较次要的动作，对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明； d.?大部分放在谓语之后；? e.?分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。
b.?现在分词作原因状语，表示原因或理由 Seeing?nobody?at?home,?she?decided?to?leave?them?a?note.??? Not?knowing?her?address,?we?couldn’t?get?in?touch?with?her.?? 试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：? 1)?Because?she?saw?nobody?at?home,?she?decided?to?leave?them?a?note.? 2)?Because?we?didn’t?know?her?address,?we?couldn’t?get?in?touch?with?her. 注意：如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，则要用完成形式，如：Having?worked?among?the?peasants?for?many?years,?he?knew?them?very?well.??? Not?having?received?an?answer,?he?decided?to?write?another?letter.
c.?现在分词作时间状语（相当于?when?引导的从句） Turning?around,?she?saw?a?police?car?driving?up.??? Hearing?the?news,?they?all?jumped?with?joy.? 试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：? 1)?When?she?turned?around?,she?saw?a?police?car?driving?up.? 2)?When?they?heard?the?news,?they?all?jumped?with?joy.?? 注意：?这里分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作，这动作一发生，谓语动词所表示的动作立即发?生。这类分词一般放在句首。如果两个动作是完全同时发生的，多用?when?或?while?+?分词这种结构，如：? Be?careful?when?crossing?the?street.??? Don’t?mention?this?while?talking?to?him.
d.?现在分词作状语还可以表示结果、条件和让步 Working?hard,?you?will?succeed.???(________)??? Weighing?almost?one?hundred?jin,?the?stone?was?moved?by?him?alone.??(________)? ? 试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：? 1)?If?you?work?hard,?you?will?succeed.? 2)?Although?the?stone?weighs?almost?one?hundred?jin,?the?stone?was?moved?by?him?alone.
e.?现在分词的完成形式和被动形式 分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示动作在谓语动作之前发生? Having?been?there?many?times,?he?offered?to?be?our?guide.? Having?been?given?such?a?good?chance,?how?could?she?let?it?slip?away?


(2)过去分词作状语
a.过去分词短语作状语，可以修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况 Built?in?1192,?the?bridge?is?over?700?years?old. The?trainer?appeared,?followed?by?six?little?dogs.
b.过去分词短语表示原因（相当于一个原因状语从句） He?soon?fell?asleep,?exhausted?by?the?journey. 试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：? 1)?He?soon?fell?asleep?as/because?he?was?exhausted?by?the?journey.
c.过去分词短语有时可以表示时间（相当于时间状语从句）和条件（相当于条件状语从句） United,?we?stand;?divided,?we?fall.? Seen?from?the?hill,?the?park?looks?very?beautiful.?? 试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：? 1)?If?we?are?united?,we?stand;?If?we?are?divided,?we?fall.? 2)?When/If?the?park?is?seen?from?the?hill,?the?park?looks?very?beautiful.

注意：?过去分词短语作状语时，前面有时可以加上when,?if,?while,?though,?as?if?等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句（省略部分多为主语?+?be?的多种形式”）。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同
If?/?When?heated,?water?changes?into?steam.?
The?girl?is?very?shy,?and?never?speaks?until?spoken?to.??

试试看把它们补充完整：?
1)?If/when?water?is?heated,?it?changed?into?steam.?
2)?The?girl?is?very?shy,?and?never?speaks?until?she?is?spoken?to.?
?
注意：?
1.?在用分词短语作状语时,?它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致.??
2.?过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动；?
3.?而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态上侧重于主动。??

★小试身手★?
试一试：判断下列句子中分词充当什么状语，并且看看可不可以转化成相应状语从句。?
1)?Every?evening?they?sat?on?the?sofa?watching?TV.????????? 表________?
2)?I?got?home,?feeling?very?tired.??? 表________?
3)?Not?knowing?her?address,?we?couldn’t?get?in?touch?with?her.??表________?
4)?Turning?around,?she?saw?an?ambulance?driving?up.???? 表________?
5)?Compared?with?you,?we?still?have?a?long?way?to?go.?? 表________

考点四 特殊动词的特殊用法
1. 意义上无太大区别的情况
有些动词后可跟to do和doing作宾语, 意义上无太大区别, 如like, love, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue等。
She hates to eat (eating) fried food. 她不喜欢吃油炸食物。
I have begun to learn (learning) Russian. 我已经开始学习俄语了。
【注意】like to do sth. 指具体某一次的动作；而like doing sth. 指经常性的动作。
I likes playing basketball, but I doesn’t like to play basketball this afternoon. 他喜欢打篮球, 但今天下午他不想打。
2. 意义上有很大区别的情况
有些动词后加不定式或动名词作宾语有两种截然不同的含义。 如:
1. go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事
go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
2. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
3. remember to do sth. 记着去做某事
remember doing sth. 记着做过某事了
4. stop to do sth. 停下手头的事去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止正在做着的事情
5. try to do sth. 尽力做某事
try doing sth. 试着做某事
6. mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
7. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
allow doing sth. 允许做某事
【链接中考】
1.Just before the Chinese class, I suddenly realized that I forgot ______ my Chinese text book.
A. bring B. bringing C. and bring D. to bring
2.When we came to the gate, he stopped _______ me go in first.
A. to let B. to tell C. to allow D. to ask

考点五 非谓语的时态语态?
to do
一般 进行 完成
主动 to do to be doing to have done
被动 to be done to have been done

★小试身手★?
1)?能被邀请来做演讲是我的荣幸。?
__________________________________________________________________?????????????????????????????????2)?老板经过他身边时，他假装正在打电话。?
__________________________________________________________________?????????????????????????????????3)?他们似乎在发薪日前就花光了上个月的工资。
__________________________________________________________________?????????????????????????????????
2.doing
一般（与谓语动词同时发生）? 完成（在谓语动词之前发生）
主动 doing having done
被动 being done having been done

3.done
过去分词done的一般情况即表示“被动、完成”的含义，所以没有时态语态变化。??

★小试身手★?
1)?_________(earn)?some?money?to?pay?the?daily?expenses,?I?started?to?work?in?a?local?café?as?a?waiter.?
2)?The?most?common?mistakes?_________(lead)?to?a?bad?back?are?poor?body?mechanics?and?unhealthy?habits.??
3)?We?teenagers?often?think?that?parents?are?conservative?(保守的),?and?they?know?nothing?about?us,?but?honestly,?we’re?actually?still?too?young?____________(know)?what’s?really?best?for?us.??
4)?Soon?I?had?lived?in?the?city?for?over?six?months?but?I?still?did?not?like?it.?Apparently,?I?had?difficulty?_________?(adapt)?myself?to?life?in?the?city,?let?alone?finding?a?job?to?my?delight.
5)?_________(wonder)?how?my?mum?could?consume?them?so?quickly,?I?began?observing?her?daily?routine?for?two?weeks.??
6)??The?Flakes?brought?along?a?lobster?(龙虾)?trap?in?hopes?of?having?some?delicious?treats,?but?it?was?lost?within?the?first?few?hours?after?_________(attack)?by?a?shark.??
7)“I?think?she?would?like?you?to?have?it.”_________(shock),?I?took?it?from?her?automatically.?She?smiled?and?walked?away.??
8)?__________________(endure)?too?many?of?these?tragedies?in?the?past?few?years,?each?time?I?learn?the?news?I?react?not?as?a?President,?but?as?anybody?else?would?—?as?a?parent.?And?that?was?especially?true?today.??
9)?He?has?a?constant?urge?__________________(check)?for?next?messages;?he?checks?his?phone?every?five?minutes!???
10)?Many?researchers?claim?__________________(find)?relationships?between?left-handedness?and?various?physical?and?mental?characteristics.??
11)?The?cities?_________(experience)?the?highest?annual?growth?in?office?rental?rates?are?both?in?South?Africa?with?40?percent?rate?rise?for?Durban?and?44?percent?for?Sandton.



巩固训练（夯实基础）
一、单项选择
( )1. —I had my hair _____ yesterday. —I see. It suits you well.
A. cutting B. been cut C. cut D. to be cut
( )2. —I like reading books ____ by Lu Xun. —So am I.
A. write B. are written C. writing D. written
( )3. When I went into the room, I found ____ in bed.
A. him lying B. he lying C. he lies D. him was lying
( )4. —Did he say anything? —No, he left the room without ____ anything.
A. saying B. to say C. said D. to saying
( )5. The boy stood in the front of the classroom, ___ a passage.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
( )6. —Mother likes shopping very much.
—Yes. She would rather ____ around for hours in shops than ____ TV at home.
A. walk; watch B. to walk; watch C. to walk; to watch D. walk; to watch
( )7. —Remember ___ the book to me when you finish ____ it.
—All right.
A. to return; reading B. returning; reading
C. to return; to read D. returning; to read
( )8. —Children are often told ____ unhealthy food.
—It's right. Unhealthy food is bad for them.
A. to eat B. not to eat C. eating D. not eating
( )9. —What's your dream? —My dream is ____ a university in Shenzhen.
A. to go to B. go to C. going to D. gone to
( )10. —You have kept him ____ for an hour. —Oh, I'm sorry I forgot the time.
A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The ______ (excite) girl is jumping happily.
2. _______ (smoke) is bad for your health.
3. I did what I could _______ (help) him improve his study.
4. It’s a sunny day. What about ______ (have) a picnic?
5. I found it difficult ______ (get) on well with her.
6. Would you mind _______ (turn) off the television?
7. I spent an hour ________ (clean) the room.
8. It’s hard for me ________ (learn) Chinese well.
9. My bike is broken. I must get it _________ (repair).
10. I am very tired. I want to stop ______ (have) a rest.



答案：
学前自测
1-5 ACADC 6-10 ACDAD
巩固训练
一、1-5 CDAAB 6-10 AABAD
二、
1. excited
2. Smoking
3. to help
4. having
5. to get
6. turning
7. cleaning
8. to learn
9. repaired
10. to have