走向2020年中考英语考场第二轮复习阅读理解 选择类型（3）—— 主旨大意（含答案）

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走向2020年中考英语考场
《走向2020年中考英语考场第二轮复习》根据大纲和中考要求编写而成的。复习内容含“选择填空”，“完形填空”，“阅读理解”，“补全对话”，“书面表达”五部分。 根据每部分的复习内容，设计了《试题特点》、《考点归纳》、《解题思路》、《实例分析》、《能力检测》等栏目，旨在帮助考生掌握考试依据，把握中考脉动，认识命题技术，提升解题能力，做到科学备考。《能力检测》训练题主要从2019年中考英语试题中精选出来的 ，针对性强，并附有答案，供同学们查对，以求及时反馈与纠正。
第二轮复习

阅读理解 选择类型（3）—— 主旨大意


主旨题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，它要求考生在理解全文的基础上对文章进行高度的概括或总结。其考查范围主要包括三个方面，即怎样理解文段的主旨大意、怎样选择恰当的文章标题及怎样捕捉作者的态度和意图。

（1）怎样理解文段的主旨大意。
常见的设问方式：
The passage is mainly about _________________.
The first paragraph mainly tells us ____________
What is the text mainly about?
理解文段的主旨大意，找准文章或段落的主题句是关键。主题句在文章的位置通常有三种情况：主题句在文章开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。主题句在结尾。用归纳法写的文章，结尾的句子起着总结归纳、画龙点睛的作用。主题句在中间。通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节在文中导出，当主题句出现后，又进一步用细节支持说明。
(2) 怎样选择恰当的标题。
常见的设问形式：
The best title for this passage is _______.
Which of the following is the best title?
What would be the best title for the text?
标题是段落中心思想的精练表达形式。它的特点是：覆盖性强，一般要求能囊括文章的主要内容；精确性强，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小，要量体裁衣，大小适度；短小精练，多为一短语。在阅读全文的基础上，要仔细考虑所设题干哪一项与文章主题有密切的联系，再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以点代面，以偏概全。
(3)怎样捕捉作者的态度和意图。
常见的设问形式：
What is the author’s main purpose in this passage?
The passage is trying to ___________________.
The writer's attitude toward......is _______________________.
作者对事实的描述或提传递的信息，不管他的意图是什么，其观点和态度都不可避免地在文章中反映出来。这就要求考生在阅读时应特别注意文章的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词以及作者对人物语言、行为和思想的描写，从中领悟作者的写作意图和态度。

One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting. I was looking forward to a quiet view of the art works.
A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me chatted nonstop between themselves. I watched them a moment and decided the wife was doing all the talk. I admired the husband’s patience for putting up with her continuous talk. Distracted by their noise, I moved on.
I met with them several times as I moved through the different rooms of art. Each time I heard her constant burst of words, I moved away quickly.
I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couple came near to the exit. Before they left, the man reached into his pocket and pulled out a white object. He extended it into a long stick and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife’s jacket.
“He’s a brave man.”The clerk at the counter said,” Most of us would give up if we were blinded at such a young age. During his recovery he made a promise that his life wouldn’t change. So, as before, he and his wife come in whenever there’s a new art show.”
“But what does he get out of the art?”I asked, “He can’t see.”
“Can’t see? You’re wrong. He sees a lot. More than you or I do.” The clerk said, “His wife describes each painting so he can see it in his head.”
I learned something about patience, courage and love that day. I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life. And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.
60. The passage is mainly about ___________.
A. the importance of art B. good manners in public
C. patience of a husband D. love between a couple
解析：
本文讲述的是一位健全的妻子陪着失明的丈夫来看艺术展的故事，体现了这对夫妇之间深深的爱。答案为D。

（一）
(2019年陕西中考试题，保留原题号）
If you walk a bookstore，you might see shelves of books labelled（标注）“self-help”.You may not know what these books are about.In fact，more and more people are turning to self-help books for advice these days.You can't imagine that sales of these books in the UK reached 3,000,000 last year.
Self-help books are usually written by psychologists（心理学家), famous writers or successful businessmen. They teach you how to deal with problems in your life, for example, how to get on well with your classmates or friends, how to plan your time well or how to find happiness.
Paul Sweetman, the owner of City Books in the UK.said that social problems might be the reason why more people are reading self-help books. “They come into the shop and look for ways to deal with these problems in their life,” Paul said.Besides, it seem to be easier for young readers to find their mistakes, especially those born after 2000. They want to improve themselves by reading self-help books.
Self-help books used to be something people laughed at.Many people didn’t take chicken soup stories and “success theory（成功学）” books seriously.But now they are recognized by young people.
No matter why there is growing interest in self-help books, it’s good to know that help is at hand if we need it. But are these books truly helpful? Read one and find out.
53.From this passage，self-help books are books which____________.
A.tell us interesting jokes B.provide beautiful poems
C.teach us to deal with problem D.talk about animals and plants
54.The underlined word“recognized"means ________in the passage.
A.doubted B.refused C.accepted D.avoided
55.The writer writes this passage mainly to______________.
A.increase people's happiness B.introduce self -help books
C.help us to plan time well D.encourage us to write books
（二）
(2019年北京中考试题，保留原题号）
Blue Lightning
Sally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.
“Well,” he said. “How about this: you do some research first and then come back to me with a design.”
A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go-kart “Blue Lightning”. Dad looked over her work, thinking. “Well, that’s interesting,” he said. “Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as you’ve designed.”
Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.
After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad. “Well,” she said. “Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive.”
“Oh, do you?” he said. “Please share.”
“When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,” she said. “I think it’s because of the lightning bolt (闪电) shape.”
“Very good!” Dad said.
“So, why didn’t you tell me about that problem in the first place?” Sally asked.
Dad laughed. “Where’s the fun in that? If you give a man a fish, he’ll eat for a day. But if you teach a man to fish, he’ll eat for a lifetime.”
Sally said, “I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun !”
Dad smiled. “Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.”
That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with pride.
Finally came the race. Sally wasn’t worried about whether she would win—in her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.
24. Sally thought of building a go-kart to .
A. practice driving B. enter for a race
C. play with friends D. do some research
25. What did Sally’s dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart?
A. To have a test drive. B. To take a good rest.
C. To give it a cool name. D. To paint it light blue.
26. Sally’s story mainly tells us that .
A. winning a race is important
B. fishing brings us a lot of fun
C. driving experience is necessary
D. learning happens during the process
（三）
（2019年武汉中考试题，保留原题号）
You don’t have to be a scientist to solve big environmental problems. One Dutch designer is finding creative ways to make a change—and he’s inviting bikers to join him.
Daan Roosgaarde, 38, is a designer from Holland. He uses creative ideas to improve city life. For his Smog (雾霾) Free Project, he designed a special tower that cleans air in Chinese parks. In Holland, he designed a shining bicycle path.
Now Daan and his team are working with engineers at Chinese bike-sharing company Ofo to create a new product for public use. It’s an air-cleaning machine connected to a bicycle and is part of the Smog Free Project. In smoggy weather, the machine would breathe in the air in front of the bike and blow out a stream of clean air toward the biker’s face.
It’s no secret that air pollution is a big problem for China. In winter, it’s common for thick clouds of haze (霾), caused largely by factory production, burning of coal and car emissions (排放物), to cover areas of China.
In 2016, only one-fourth of Chinese cities met the country’s air quality standards, according to a survey of 338 cities nationwide from the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
“Of course one tower and a few bikes won’t solve China’s air pollution problem,” Daan said, “But smog-free bikes are an exciting idea that will hopefully inspire communities to create greener cities.”
61. According to the writer, _ .
A. air pollution is not a big problem in China
B. creative ideas may help improve city life
C. only scientists can solve big environmental problems
D. the survey of 338 cities nationwide was not necessary
62. The air-cleaning machine offers clean air to the hiker by .
A. blowing out dirty air B. running fast with the bike
C. cleaning the air around the biker D. breathing in dirty air and cleaning it
63. From the passage, we know that .
A. people who have creative ideas can get free bikes
B. only smog-free bikes can go on the shining bicycle path
C. Daan and his family spent all their time improving China’s air quality
D. China’s haze in winter happens because of more than three causes
64. Daan is inviting bikers to join him in order to .
A. raise money for the tower B. test his new machine
C. help solve the air pollution problem D. make more Chinese friends
65. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Breathing In and Out B. Biking for Fresh Air
C. Survey from the Government, D. China’s Air Pollution Problem
（四）
（2019年江西中考试题，保留原题号）
Playing video games and getting money for it seems like a dream job for many of Today’s teenagers. But is it all fun and games?
Big business
Pro (professional) gaming is certainly big business. In 2017, there were more than 3,000 gaming competitions and over 10,000 professional players worldwide. A large number of people watch their competitions online, and successful gamers can get more than 1,000,000 dollars from prize money and ads. The industry is clearly thriving.
What it takes
Becoming a professional is not just about being good at playing games-it also takes a lot of hard work. Some pro gamers practice for fourteen hours a day. “You need to spend much time and put all your efforts to it”, says ex-gamer George.
Not all fun and games
It can be a difficult job as well. Stress is a big problem for gamers. Tiredness is another, and injuries(受伤) are common. Top player Hai Lam had wrist (手腕) problems after years of pro gaming. Careers (生涯 )are short, and many gamers retire (退休) before they are 30 and try to find another job.
However, the bad points probably won’t change the dreams of many teenage gamers. And angry parents are still likely to hear the excuse, “But I'm just practicing for my future job!”
68. How many professional players were there around the world in 2017?
A. 130.000. B. More than 3.000. C. Over 1,000,000. D. More than 10,000.
69. What does the underlined word “thriving” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Getting worse. B. Doing well. C. Developing slowly. D. Changing quickly.
70. What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage?
A. Children are angry with their parents. B. Teenagers practice games for their future jobs.
C. Some teenagers are crazy playing games. D. Parents stop their children playing games successfully.
71. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Pro gaming isn’t all fun and games.
B. The career as a pro gamer doesn’t last long.
C. Being a pro gamer is a good choice for teenagers.
D. Being a pro gamer is an easy way to make money.
（五）
（2019年河北中考试题，保留原题号）
School Activity: the “Exercise Month”
　　A number of important school activities are coming up, and the biggest one is the “Exercise Month”.
　　What is our aim(目的)?
　　The “Exercise Month” is organised by the Youth Sports Club. The main aim of this activity is to improve our school members’ knowledge about the importance of exercise.
　　What are our activities?
　　The “Exercise Month” will take place from 15 December to 15 January. During this month, a lot of activities will be held to show the importance of exercise.
　　●Writing Competition The topic of the writing competition is “Exercise and Me”. The length of the writing is 500 words for this competition.
●Talk The talk will be given on 18 December. The speaker will be Dr Chiu from St Stephen’s Hospital. He will then answer our members’ question about exercise.
　　●Exhibition(展览) The exhibition will be held from 19 December to 3 January in our school hall. The history of different kinds of exercise, and the winning and excellent writings from the competition will be on show.
　　●After-school Exercise Classes The after-school exercise classes will run from 18 December to 14 January. In these classes, experienced coaches from the local exercise clubs will also help our school members to make practical exercise plans.
52. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The aim of the school activities. B. The different kinds of school classes.
C. The introduction about Exercise Month. D. The school members’ Youth Sports Club.
53. What is the topic of the writing competition?
A. Exercise and Me. B. A School Activity. C. Practical Exercise Plans. D. After-school Classes.
54. When will the after-school exercise classes start?
A. On 15 December. B. On 18 December. C. On 14 January. D. On 15 January.
55. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The local exercise club has a long history.
B. Dr Chiu will train the members after school.
C. The coaching will answer the members’ questions.
D. Some writings from the competition will be on show.
（六）
（2019年陕西中考试题，保留原题号）
If you walk into a bookstore，you might see shelves of books labelled（标注） “self-help”.You may not know what these books are about. In fact，more and more people are turning to self-help books for advice these days.You can't imagine that sales of these books in the UK reached 3, 000, 000 last year.
Self-help books are usually written by paychologists（心理学家）, famous writers or successful businessmen. They teach you how to deal with problems in your life, for example, how to get on well with your classmates or friends, how to plan your time well or how to find happiness.
Paul sweetman，the owner of City Books in the UK.said that social problems might be the reason why more people are reading self-help books. “They come into the shop and look for ways to deal with these problems in their life,” Paul said.Besides, it seem to be easier for young readers to find their mistakes, especially those born after 2000. They want to improve themselves by reading self-help books.
Self-help books used to be something people laughed at.Many people didn't take chicken soup stories and“success theory（成功学）”books seriously.But now they are recognized by young people.
No matter why there is growing interest in self-help books, it's good to know that help is at hand if we need it. But are these books truly helpful?Read one and find out.
53.From this passage，self-help books are books which .
A.tell us interesting jokes B.provide beautiful poems
C.teach us to deal with problem D.talk about animals and plants
54.The underlined word “recognized” means ____in the passage.
A.doubted B.refused C.accepted D.avoided
55.The writer writes this passage mainly to __________.
A.increase people’s happiness B.introduce self -help books
C.help us to plan time well D.encourage us to write books
（七）
（2019年苏州中考试题，保留原题号）
Every day there is less and less space on Earth for rubbish. Yet every day we make more and more rubbish. What can we do? We can recycle some of our rubbish. Recycling means that the rubbish will be made into something that can be used again.
Recycling helps Earth. And it saves space in rubbish dumps. Half of everything that we put into landfills could be recycled instead. In fact, most things made of paper, metal, glass and plastic can be recycled.
Paper can be broken into small pieces and made into new paper. Steel and aluminum cans（金属雄）can be melted down（熔化）and made into new cans. The same is true of glass bottles. This can be done aver and over again. Recycling doesn't take as much energy as making these things the first time. So we can use less of Earth's fuel resources.
Plastic can be melted down, too. Then it can be formed into park benches, playgrounds and so on. Some people call plastic the “wood” of the future. Things made of plastic will last about 400 years-even if they stay outside in the weather. No wood can do that!

27. The underlined word “landfills” in Paragraph 2 probably means _____________.
A. bench factories B. places for rubbish C. green mountains D. recycling centres
28. According to the passage, what happens last to the can?
A. The can is put into a recycling bin. B. The can is melted down and reused.
C. A steel can gets filled with corn. D. A person uses the corn in the can.
29. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Cans should be melted down. B. Old newspapers can be reused.
C. We can build benches that last 400 years. D. We should recycle everything that we can.
（八）
（2019年贵阳中考试题，保留原题号）
What will the world of the future be like? There are plenty of people who are happy to give their opinion of what we will be doing in 2050. Here are two predictions about the world of tomorrow.
When we dream about the future, many like to think of owning a personal flying car. The advantages are obvious. This technology would allow total freedom of movement. We could fly at 480 km per hour, avoiding traffic lights and busy roads.However, some people believe there will be problems with traffic control. If the cars become popular, there is likely to be
air traffic jam. Another big problem is mechanical failure. What will happen if the cars stop working? These are problems we must expect if flying cars become a reality.
Three-dimensional printing is another new technology with exciting
possibilities. 3D printers are used to build an object with liquid plastic
They build the object layer by layer until it is complete. Car companies
already use 3D printers to make life-size models of car parts, and medical
companies use the technology to make man-made body parts. As we move into the future, 3D printing will revolutionize the way we shop, the way we manufacture and the way we treat sick people. The disadvantage is that such equipment will be extremely expensive.
So in the future, we might be able to fly to work or print out new shoes.Although there are some problems to solve before this will be possible, we can certainly dream of a world where technology makes life easier and safer for millions of people.
76.What is the passage mainly about?
A.Environmental protection.
B.The world of tomorrow.
C.Advantages of technology.
77.What do we learn from the passage?
A.Some people think technology development may bring new problems
B.3D printing can bring great changes to our life and its equipment is cheap.
C.The flying cars won't bring air traffic jam even when they become popular.
78.What is the correct structure of the passage?(P1=Paragraph1)

79.What does the underlined word “they” refer to?
A.Car companies. B.3D print. C.Body parts.
80.We can infer that the writer about the future life with technology.
A.doesn’t care B.feels hopeful C.feels disappointed
Key:
（一）53-55CCB (55为主旨大意题）
（二）24-26 BAD (26为主旨大意题）
（三）61-65 BDDCB (65为主旨大意题）
（四）68-71 DBCA (71为主旨大意题）
（五）52-55 CABD (52为主旨大意题）
（六）53-55 CCB (55为主旨大意题）
（七）27-29 BBD (29主旨大意题）
（八）76-80 BAABB (76为主旨大意题）





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