走向2020年中考英语考场第二轮复习阅读理解 选择类型（4）—— 词义猜测（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台


走向2020年中考英语考场
《走向2020年中考英语考场第二轮复习》根据大纲和中考要求编写而成的。复习内容含“选择填空”，“完形填空”，“阅读理解”，“补全对话”，“书面表达”五部分。 根据每部分的复习内容，设计了《试题特点》、《考点归纳》、《解题思路》、《实例分析》、《能力检测》等栏目，旨在帮助考生掌握考试依据，把握中考脉动，认识命题技术，提升解题能力，做到科学备考。《能力检测》训练题主要从2019年中考英语试题中精选出来的 ，针对性强，并附有答案，供同学们查对，以求及时反馈与纠正。
第二轮复习

阅读理解 选择类型（4）—— 词义猜测


猜词题是中考英语阅读理解重要题型，主要考查考生根据上下文推测生词短语含义的能力，突出考查语境的分析和把握能力。猜词能力不仅涉及到学生的语言知语水平，还涉及到学生的语言应用能力和综合素质水平。
在阅读理解中，猜测词义、句义题的特点是对生词、短语、指示代词和句子的猜测。
常见设问形式：
The underlined word “…” means __________________.
In the last paragraph, the word “…” refers to __________________.
What does the word “…” in Paragraph 3 mean?

做这种题可从以下几方面入手：
（1）利用构词法。
英语中有大量的单词是通过合成或加前缀、后缀形成的，因此考生可运用构词法来判断生词的意义。如：The colors of Hawaii in summer are unforgettable. forget意为“忘记”，un为否定前缀，因此unforgettable就是“令人难忘”之意。
（2）利用同义词。
一是要看由and 或or连接的同义词词组。如:happy or gay，即使不认识gay这个词，也可以它是“愉快”的意思。二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。如：Man has known something about the planets Venus, Mars, and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus（金星）, Mars（火星）, Jupiter（木星）均为生词，但只知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。
（3）利用反义词。
一是要看表示转折关系的连词或副词，如but, however等。二是与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。如：Tom is lazy but his brother is industrious.该句中but表示转折，就暗示了lazy和industrious是一对反义词，由此可知industrious意为“刻苦的、勤奋的”。
（4）利用上下文。
有些生词的意思必须通过对上下文所提供的信息或线索综合予以考虑方能确定。这种线索可以是一些词语也可以是一些出现在上下文中的句子，考查的方式一般是猜测中文意思。如：The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs and other places. 根据文中语境，碎成小片的厨房垃圾、厕所用水和浴室用水等进入的当然是“排污”系统。
（5）利用因果关系。
首先要找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，有时文章借助连词，如because, since, as, for , so等表示前因后果。如：Mary didn't notice me when l came into the classroom, because she was completely engrossed in her reading.该句的意思是：当我走进教室的时候，玛丽没有注意到我，因为她正在……地看书。据此，可以推断engross可能就是“使全神贯注，吸引”的意思。
（6）利用生活常识。
如：Water usually boils at 100 centigrade. 众所周知，水的沸点是100摄氏度，由此不难判断出centigrade的意思是“摄氏度”。
（7）利用定义或释义关系。
如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。如：But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there is a dry period, or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意为“久旱”，“旱灾”。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义的关系常由or, in other words, be called或破折号等来表示。
（8）利用指代关系
利用指代关系是一类比较特殊的词义猜测题。一般常用指代性的代词，如it, they, he, she以及其宾格形式来指代前面所出现的名词,或以this, that, those来指代文中提到的某个观点或看法。如：I can understand that the school needs a dress code(准则).It’s a problem if students come to school with their shirts open. We all understand that, but no one wants a uniform. 。这里出现的指代词“that”所指的是前面提及的一个事实，即学校需要一个穿衣准则。

1）To reduce traffic accidence , all drivers of the UN are now not allowed to text while driving. About 32 countries have passed laws restricting the use of mobile phones while driving.
The underlined word restricting probably means _______.
A. not telling B. not allowing C. enjoying D. making
2) Last year in the UK at least 45 people died and 900 more were injured in car accidents where drivers were using their mobile phones．Yet many people continue to use them while driving even though it’s dangerous．(
The underlined word “them” in paragraph 1 refers to_______ .
A．phone users B．mobile phones C．drivers D. ears
3）A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the correct time and is never late for anything.
The Chinese meaning of the word “punctual” in this passage is probably “_______”.
A.听话的B.守时的C.守纪律的D.能干的
解析：
1）根据上句可知，为了减少交通事故，许多国家不允许开车时发短信，因此，restricting的意思是not allowing。答案为B。
2）由上文的“where drivers were using their mobile phones”可知，them在此即指代mobile phones。故答案为B。
3）根据“at the correct time and is never late”可知，与时间有关。答案为B。


（一）
（2019年长沙中考试题，保留原题号）
It is believed that Huck Finn is based on（基于）a childhood friend of Mark Twain’s. In fact, Twain was not alone in basing a fictional character（虚构的角色）on a real-life person.
Severus Snape / John Nettleship
Severus Snape is a skillful wizard（巫师）teaching magic in Harry Potter. The writer, J.K. Rowling, once said that the character was based on a teacher of hers.
The teacher turned out to be John Nettleship, who taught Rowling chemistry. At first, Nettleship felt surprised. “I know I am a strict teacher,” he said. “But I don’t think I am as bad as Snape!” On second thoughts, however, he said that he was so ill-tempered that most of his students avoided making him mad. Also, he used to wear long hair and have an untidy lab. That sounds familiar to Harry Potter fans.
Alice / Alice Liddell
Famously, Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is based on Alice Liddell.
Carroll was close to the Liddell family. One day, ten-year-old Alice asked Carroll to tell her a new story. Carroll began to create his famous tale of Alice and what happened after she fell through the rabbit hole. The little girl liked the story so much that she asked him to write it down. And the rest is history.
Dill / Truman Capote
In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee based Dill on her childhood friend, Truman Capote. Capote once said, “Lee was my best friend. Have you ever read To Kill a Mockingbird? I’m a character in that story! The story takes place just in the town where we lived!”
51.Snape and Nettleship have something in common EXCEPT__________.
A.their jobs B.their looks C.their hobbies
52.What does the underlined word “ill-tempered ” mean in Paragraph 3?
A.沉着冷静的 B.优柔寡断的 C.脾气暴躁的
53.What made Carroll decide to create Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland?
A.Alice Liddell’s requirement.
B.His great interest in rabbits.
C.His experience of travelling.
54.Being a character of To Kill a Mockingbird, Truman Capote felt________.
A.proud B.unsatisfied C.surprised
55.The text is mainly about ________.
A.purposes of writing fictional stories
B.introductions to famous writers’ childhood friends
C.characters of fictional stories from real-life persons
(二）
（2019年哈尔滨中考试题，保留原题号）
Tina graduated from college. Several days later, she got a new job. She would work in the biggest company(公司) in her city. Her friends admired her very much.
On her first workday, Tina arrived at 8:45 a.m. She took the lift to the 11th floor(楼层), and a clerk showed her where her desk was. As a green hand, she didn’t know what to do, so she tried to talk to the girls who sat near her in the office. However, they were not friendly to her. After a while, a young boss came in. Tina was surprised that the boss was not the old man who interviewed her several days ago. The boss gave her a lot of reports to write. But when she began to write, she found that she had much trouble understanding the reports. She spent almost the whole day trying to do the work. At 5:30p.m. it was time to go home. Although most of the reports weren’t finished, she got into the lift. On the 10th floor. she was greeted by John, the old man who interviewed her several days ago. “Tina!” he said, “Why didn’t you work with us today? All of a sudden,Tina realized she mistook the 11th floor for the 10th floor.” Oh, my God! she answered. After hearing this, John couldn’t help laughing.
31. The underlined(划线的) words “a green hand” most probably mean ___________.
A. a person without experience
B. a person caring about he environment
C. a person doing well in growing vegetables
32. Tina was surprised because ____________.
A. she was not allowed to leave the company
B. the young boss wasn’t the man who interviewed her
C. the bosses in the two companies refused her in the interviews
33. Tina spent ___________ trying to finish the reports.
A. almost the whole day
B. almost the whole morning
C. almost the whole afternoon
34. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Tina moved to another city for a new job.
B. The girls sitting near Tina were unfriendly to her.
C. Tina arrived at the company at 5:30 a.m. on her first workday.
35. “___________” can be the missing sentence in the passage.
A. I forgot the interview date!
B. I have finished all the reports!
C. I have been in the wrong office all day!
（三）
（2019年广东中考试题，保留原题号）
In?our?daily?life, robots are often found to do work that is?too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see?kids?play?with?toy?robots.
But?what?exactly?is?a?robot??There?are?some?important?characteristics(特征?) that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what?is and what is?not?a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before?it can be considered as a robot. A?robot?has?these?important?characteristics.
Sensing?First?of?all, your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around?it. ?
Give your robot?sensors?(传感器)：light?sensors(?eyes?), touch?sensors (hands), chemical sensors(nose), hearing?sensors(ears)?and?taste?sensors?(tongue).
Movement?A?robot?needs?to?be?able?to?move?around?its?environment. It?can?move?on?wheels, walk?on?legs?or?be?driven?by?small?engines(发动机). A robot can move either the whole body or just?parts?of?it.
Energy?A?robot?needs?to?be?able?to?power?itself. ?Some?robots?might?power?itself?with?sunlight,some?might?with?electricity, while others with the battery(电池). ?The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.
Intelligence?A?robot?needs?some?kind?of? “smarts”. ?A?programmer?is?the?person?who?gives
?the robot its? “smarts”. The?robot?will?have?to?have?a?certain?way?to?receive?the?program?so?that?it knows?what?it?is?to?do.
61. The?underlined?word?“it”?in?Paragraph?2?is?about ____________.
A.?the?toy B?the?characteristic? C. ?the?machine ? D. ?the?engine
62.?The?chemical?sensors?may?help?a?robot?to ____________.
A. see B. ?catch C. hear D. ?smell
63. In?how?many?ways?can?a?robot?power?itself?according?to?the?passage?
A. Two. B. ?Three. C. ?Four. D. Five.
64. The?Chinese?meaning?of? “Intelligenc”?in?the?last?paragraph?is ____________.
A. 能源 B. 勤奋 C. 智能 D. 外观
65.?What?is?the?main?purpose?of?the?passage?
A.?To?help?people?understand?what?a?robot?is.
B. To?tell?what?a?robot?can?do?in?our?life.
C. To?describe?the?movement?of?a?robot.
D. To?introduce?the?history?of?robots.
(四）
（2019年河北中考试题，保留原题号）
What are you holding in your hand while you are taking the examination? Right. A pen.
　　Though it is small, the pen has changed the history, improved the trade of countries, recorded events, carried news, and done far more work for human beings than all other tools.
　　Progress without it would have been almost impossible. The invention of the wheels, the introduction of steam engine(蒸汽机), the use of electricity, all these have changed the lives of millions of people, but the pen has done more. It has taken away mountains, and it has prepared the way for all progress and development of the society.
　　In the past the pen did all the work if you wanted to keep any writing for some time. The lawyers took up their pens and wrote the law of the country from the days when papyrus(纸莎草纸) was first used. The most famous letters in the world were written with a pen. It was with a pen that the greatest thinkers of all time wrote down their thoughts.
　　The pen is very utilitarian. We cannot sign a bill or write a letter or buy a house without our pen. An agreement is worthless till our name is written with a pen. The writers encourage the world with it. The students take their examinations with it as well.
　　Our coming into the world is recorded with a pen. Before we have been at school, our name is written on the name list with a pen. We cannot be married till we have signed. A pen records the important events in our life.
　　Let us remember that we hold in our hand the most powerful instrument which man owns. The pen is a magic tool. Whenever you use it, enjoy it.
56. What is the writer trying to do in this passage?
A. Describe what a pen looks like. B. Introduce the history of the pen.
C. Advise people to prepare a new pen. D. Show the importance of the pen.
57. The word “mountains” in the third paragraph refers to(指代) “something to _________ ”.
A. explain the use of electricity B. lower the students’ scores
C. stop the social development D. change the law of the country
58. The lawyers started to write the law of the country _________.
A. before their thoughts were changed B. when papyrus was first used
C. as soon as they recorded their names D. after they took an important exam
59. The underlined word “utilitarian” in the passage means “_________” .
A. cheap B. boring C. special D. useful
60. What is the best title for this passage?
A. A Powerful Tool B. An Important Law C. A Valuable Record D. An Exciting Event
（五）
（2019年山西中考试题，保留原题号）
I’m writing this article in China, far away from my home in the
United States. You might wonder what I do to remember my mom on Mother’s Day. Well, l certainly call her to say “Happy Mother's Day” and promise that I will visit home soon.
I still remember the first time I forget Mother’s Day. When I finally figured it out, I asked,
“Why does mom get a special holiday? Why isn’t there a Children’s Day for us?
My mom explained, in that way that only moms seem to be able in explain, “Because every day is Children’s Day !”
I knew that I had messed up. I thought about all the time and love my mom had given me. I thought about the food she had made, the toys she had brought and the long hours she had spent with me. There might not be a perfect mom, but there is mom’s love, which can fix anything. After that day,for 364 days,I was looking forward to the next Mother's Day.
That was the first year l forgot Mother’s Day. It was also the last year I forgot.
Are you struggling to consider what to do for your mom on Mother’s Day?
Common things are to write a message that thanks for the love she has given you, send her a card or buy her a gift. But the most important thing is — DON’T FORGET!
49. How does the writer celebrate Mother’s Day this year?
A. He calls his mom. B. He send his mom a card.
C. He visits home to see his mom.
50. What might the underlined phrase “figure out” means?
A. 弄 清楚 B. 预 料到 C. 归纳出
51. Why did the writer begin to expect Mother’s Day?
A.Because he missed his mom far in the United States.
B.Because he wanted to spend more time with his mom.
C.Because he realized he had got much care from his mom.
52. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To explain why there isn’t a Children’s Day
B.To advise us not to forget o keep our own promises.
C.To remind us to remember the love mom has given us.
53. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. An Interesting Talk B. An Important Day C. An Expensive Gift
（六）
（2019年抚顺中考试题，保留原题号）
As the fifth of seven children, I went to the same public school as my three elder sisters and brother. Every year, each child from the third grade took part in an old school tradition-the plant sale held in early May, just before Mother's Day.
That year I was old enough to take part in it. I wanted to surprise my mother, but I didn’t have any money. I told my elder sister about it and she gave me some money. When I arrived at the plant sale, I carefully chose my favorite. I watched each plant seriously to make sure that I could find the best geranium（天竺葵）. After school, with the help of my sister I bid it on the neighbor’s porch（门廊）. On Mother's Day, I remember how bright my mother's eyes were and how elated she was at my gift.
The year I was fifteen, my younger sister reached the third, grade. She told me that, she wanted to surprise our mother. Like my elder sister did for me, I gave her some money. And she bought the same gift and we hid it in the same place. When she gave the gift to my mother, I watched them full of pride and happiness. My mother noticed me watching and gave me a soft and secret smile. With a shock at my heart, I smiled back.
I wonder how my mother could pretend (假装) to be surprised at the same sixth child, but as I watched her eyes, I knew she was not pretending.
41. The writer first took part in the plant sale______________.
A. in the third grade B. at the age of sixteen
C. in the fifth grade D. at the age of fifteen
42. The underlined word “elated” in the second paragraph probably means _____________.
A. angry B. upset C. excited D. relaxed
43. The sixth child bought _____________ for her mother.
A. the prettiest rose B. the best geranium
C. the biggest grape D. the freshest strawberry
44. From the third paragraph, we can know the mother ___________when she got the same gift.
A. refused to accept it B. pretended to be happy
C. felt proud and happy D. hid it on the neighbor’s porch
45. The passage is mainly about __________________.
A. the best place to hide a gift B. a good way to surprise mom
C. an awful secret of the family D. deep love between mom and children
（七）
（2019年昆明中考试题，保留原题号）
Alan Smith is blind. He teaches blind children in his country. To show the world that the blind can also do something amazing, he walked across the world's largest salt desert, Salar de Uyuni, only with the help of a GPS.
Walking across the desert is not easy for an able-bodied person, let alone(更不用说) a blind man. Before setting off, Alan spent three years training for the journey. He studied everything he could find about the place and asked for advice from other travelers. During his journey, he only took water, food and sleeping bags. He walked about 20 kilometers a day. He showed great perseverance(毅力)and finished the 140-kilometer journey in just seven days.
The brave teacher thought his week-long journey was wonderful. He said, “The journey was quite good. There were snow storms and winds, but luckily I made it.”
51.Why did Alan cross the desert on foot?
A.To tell children a story. B.To have a wonderful journey.
C.To take a risk for money. D.To show the ability of the blind.
52.The underlined phrase “setting off” in the second paragraph probably means .
A.preparing a journey B.starting a journey
C.breaking a journey D.finishing a journey
53.What did Alan do during the journey?
A.He overcame all of the difficulties.
B.He asked for advice from other travelers.
C.He walked with an experienced tour guide.
D.He studied something useful about the place.
54.How long did Alan’s journey take?
A.140 days. B.One week. C.20 months. D.3 years.
55.Which of the following can best describe Alan,'s journey?
A.It is a piece of cake. B.It is between a rock and a hard place.
C.Nothing is impossible. D.Learning should be a lifelong journey.
（八）
（2019年宁夏中考试题，保留原题号）
Chinese Dragon Boat Festival is also known as Duanwu Festival. It is one of the three most important lunar（阴历的）festivals in China, along with Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. The date of the festival is said to be the date when Qu Yuan died--the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, so the date varies from year to year, such as it is June 20 in 2015，June 9 in 2016, May 30 in 2017, June 18 in 2018, June 7in 2019, June 25 in 2020 and June 14 in 2021.
Although the date is different，the custom is the same.With a history of over 2000 years, people celebrate it with all kinds of activities on the day.They hold dragon boat racing, eat zongzi, drink realgar wine（雄黄酒）, wear sachets（香囊）and so on.But dragon boat racing is the most popular activity during the Dragon Boat Festival.
30.Which of the following is NOT the most important lunar festival in China?
A.May Day B.Dragon Boat Festival
C.Spring Festival D.Mid-Autumn Festival
31.The underlined word“varies”in the passage means“ ”in Chinese.
A.推迟 B.变化 C.提前 D.递进
32.Dragon Boat Festival is on in 2020.
A.June 20 B.May 30 C.June 25 D.June 7
33. is the most popular with people in the Dragon Boat Festival.
A.Eating zongzi B.Wearing sachets
C.Drinking realgar wine D.Dragon boat racing

Key:
（一）51-55 CCAAC （提示：52题为词义猜测题）
(二）31—35 ABABC（提示：31题为词义猜测题）
（三）61—65 CDBCA（提示：61 、64 为词义猜测题）
（四）56-60 DCBDA （提示：59题为词义猜测题）
（五）49-53 AACCB（提示：50为词义猜测题）
（六）41-45ACBCD (提示：42为词义猜测题）
（七）51-55DBABC (提示：52为词义猜测题）
(八）30-33 ABCD (提示：31为词义猜测题）









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