牛津上海版高中二年级第二册英语 Unit 3 Colours教案与练习 无答案

Unit 3 Colours
名词性从句
Teaching Objectives
1．To review the definition and the classification of Noun Clause.
2．To know about the key points of Noun Clause in National Entrance Examination.
3．To know about the differences between “that” and “what”, and master the usage of the two words.
Teaching difficult and important points
1．The way to judge which clause the sentence includes.
2．The differences between “that” and “what”, and master the usage of the two words.
Teaching procedures
一、Definition:
包括:主语从句(subject clause)、宾语从句(object clause)、表语从句(predicative clause)和同位语从句(appositive clause)
e.g.
That the earth turns around the sun is known to all. (subject clause)
I want to know whether (if) he has passed the chemistry. (object clause)
The trouble is that he has never done the work before. (predicative clause)
The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. (appositive clause)
一句话：就是从句放在主、宾、表、同的位置上，从句可以是完整句，也可以是不完整句。
考题回顾
1．Teacher shows students some excises in NEMT
a．_______ you have done might do harm to other people.
A．That B．What C．Which D．This
b．_____________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A．If B．Whether C．That D．Where
c．Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests.
A．anyone B．whomever C．whoever D．no matter who
d．He asked ____ for a violin．
A．did I pay how much B．I paid how much
C．how much did I pay D．how much I paid
e. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. ????
A．There B．This C．That D．It
f. --“The experiment had failed!” -- “I suggest you ___again.”
A．try B．trying C．will try D．would try
Key: BBCDDA
二、名词从句的引导词通常有：
1．连词that, whether, if.
2．连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which等
3．连接副词when, where, how, why
主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced．英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。已成为固定结构。如：
a．It is +名词＋从句
It is a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。
b．It is ＋形容词＋从句
It is clear that Tom has returned．很显然汤姆已经回来了。
c．It is ＋过去分词＋从句
It is said / reported / believed / known…
1．That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round．
2．Whether he will come hasn’t been decided．= It hasn’t been decided whether he will come.
3．Who let out the news remained unknown. = It remained unknown who let out the news.
4．Why he didn’t come here is not clear to anyone. = It is not clear to anyone why he didn’t come here.
5．How this happened is still a question.
6．It is not clear when we will start.
注意：连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。并且whether引导主语从句时不能用if代替。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
注意：who, which, how, when, where, why在所引导的主语从句中可担任主语，宾语，状语，不能省略。可以用形式主语it引导。
注意：who, whom, which, what等可以和ever构成合成词，引导名从+让步状从。此类主语从句不能用it引导，引导词在句中担任句子成分，不能省略。= no matter X 只能引导让步状语从句。
注意：句中使用陈述句语序。
注意有和虚拟语气联系之处。
宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1．由连接词that引导的宾语从句。
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。
注意：
1）．介词后面的that不能省。
Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.彼得是好学生，只是有时粗心。
2）．主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。
He said that, if he could manage it, he would come for dinner. 他说，如果他安排得好的话，他会来吃晚饭的。
3）．宾语从句中有其他从属连词时，that不能省略。
He told me that if it was necessary they would work all night. 他告诉我，如果需要的话，他们就干个通宵。
4）．如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。
注意：宾从和虚拟可以结合
在demand．order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
2．用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：
I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。
3．用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。注意：whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：
a．引导主语从句并在句首时；b．引导表语从句时；c．引导从句作介词宾语时；d．从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。F.宾语从句是否定句时。
例如：
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留？
I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
注意：注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：
he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）
he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）
I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）
he has studied English since 1998．（从句用现在完成时）
当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
注意：否定转移think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：
We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
I don't suppose he cares, does he 我想他不会在意的，是吗？
提示：
在下列情况下，宾语从句不否定转移：
1．think等词前有副词和表示强调的do。
I really expect he wont fail the examination. 我真希望他不会不通过考试。
I do think that he is not fair. 我确实认为他是不公正的。
2．think等词和其他词构成并列谓语。
I think and hope that he won't cheat at cards. 我想，也希望他打牌不会作弊的。
3．think等词作为插入语
His decision is not wise, I think. 我觉得他的决定并不明智。
注意：含有宾语从句复合句的反意疑问句
①反意疑问句不是第一人称时，疑问句部分与主句一致，谓语动词是think,不存在否定转移的问题。
He said they were going to help me, didn't he？ 他说过他们要帮我，不是吗？
You don't think we can speak English, do you 你认为我们不会说英语，对吗？
He thinks he's got the right answer, doesn't he 他认为自己找到了正确的答案，是吗？
②当主句的主语为第一人称，反意疑问句应与宾语从句保持一致。谓语动词是think, believe, consider, imagine, suppose, hope 等词时，这时特别要注意否定转移的问题。
I suppose you're serious, aren't you 我想你是当真的，不是吗？(不可用don't I)
I don't suppose he's serious, is he 我想他不是当真的，是吗？ (不可用do I)
表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
注意：whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，它在句中不担任句子成分，没有词意。除that外，还有whether, when, where, who, what, which, why, how等。可以引导同位语从句。可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand．doubt、fact、hope、idea．information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
I have no idea where they have gone.
注意：同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
（1）同位语从句的先行名词极为有限，而定语从句的先行词则不计其数。
（2）引导同位语从句的连词that在句中不担任句子成分，而引导定语从句的that则在从句中作主语，宾语等。引导同位语从句的wh一词多具有疑问意义，而引导定语从句的wh一词则没有疑问意义。
（3）同位语从句与先行名词是等同关系， 而定语从句与先行词是修饰与被修饰关系。比较：是否是完整句。
引导名词性从句的关联词
A．that
连词that本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，在宾语从句中有时可省略。
I hear (that) he has joined the football club．我听说他已经加入了足球俱乐部。
That light travels in straight line is known to all. 众所周知，光是以直线传播的。
It so happens that I know the man. 碰巧我认识那个。
Is it certain that they will win 他们一定会赢吗
B．whether和if
连词whether和if本身有意义（解释是否），在从句中不可省略。
1）．whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句。
I didn't know whether he would attend the concert. 我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。（宾语从句，可用if代替whether）
The question is whether it s worth trying. 问题是值不值得试一试。（表语从句，不可用if代替whether）
Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 她来不来都没有关系。（主语从句，不可用if代替whether）
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。（同位语从句，不可用if代替whether）
2）．whether引导的宾语从句可作介的宾语，而if则不能。
It all depends on whether they will support us. 这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。(不用if)
Ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings. 瑞恩担心是否伤害了她的感情。
3）．if既可引导语从句，也可引导宾语从句。如果用if会引起歧义，应避免使用if，而用whether。
Please let me know if you want to join us. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们。（if引导的从句可被看成是宾语从句，if表示是否）
Please let me know if you want to join us. 如果你想加入我们的话，请告诉我一声。（if引导的从句可被看成是条件状语从句，if表示如果）
Please let me know whether you want t join us. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们。（为避免引起歧义，可用whether表示是否）
C．who, whom, whose, what, which
连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等在从句中既起连接作用，同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。
No one knows who he was waiting for. 没人知道他当时在等谁。
We are worrying about what we should do next. 我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。
Tell me whos house it is. 告诉我这是谁的家。
Let me know which train you will be arriving on. 告诉我你将乘哪列火车到达。
D．where, when, how, why
连接副词where, when, how, why等在从句中既是连接词，又作状语。
I don't know where we are going to have the meeting.我不知道我们将在哪儿开会。
She always thinks of how shecan work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
What I am anxious to know is when we can visit the museum. 我急于知道我们什么时候能参观博物馆。
比较：
when引导的时间状语从句和名词性从句中的不同时态。
Please lt me know when you arrive. 你到的时候，请告诉我一声。（when引导的是时间状语从句，从句中用一般现在时来表示将来。）
Please let me know when you will arrive. 请告诉我你什么时候到。（when引导的是宾语从句，从句中用一般将来时。）
E．whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whosever
连接代词whoever = anyone who任何人, 无论谁；whatever =anything that凡是...，无论什么；whichever = anything that无论那一个, 任何一个；whomever = anyone whom （whoever的宾格形式）。
Whoever comes to the club is welcome. 不论谁来参加这个俱乐部都欢迎。
Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的就值得做好。
They ate whatever they could find o the deserted island．他们在荒岛找到什么就吃什么。
You may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
I'll take whichever book interests me.我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书。
Whosever book is overdue will be fined．不管谁的书过期未还都要被罚款。
比较：
连接代词whoever在宾语从句中作主语，whomever作宾语从句中宾语。
You may offer he book to whoever wants it. 你可把这本书给任何想要的人。（此句中不能使用whomever，因为whoever在宾语从句中作wants it的主语）
You may offer the book to whomever you like.你可把这本书给任何你喜欢的人。（whomever在宾语从句中作you like的宾语）连接代词和连接副词在从句中充当一定的句子成分，而连接词在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。
练习：名词性从句
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：
1．China is no longer what it used to be.
2．The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
3．It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
4．How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.
5．The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
6．The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
7．That is where Lu Xun used to live.
8．He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
9．Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?
10．I wonder why she refused my invitation.
二、用适当的连词填空：
1．I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.
2．That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.
3．I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.
4．____________ we need is more time.
5．The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.
6．____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.
7．Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.
8．Is that ____________ you are looking for?
9．Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is?
10．I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.
三、选择填空：
1．Do you see _____ I mean?
A．that B．/ C．how D．what
2．Tell me_____ is on your mind．
A．that B．what C．which D．why
3．We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.
A．what B．that C．/ D．how
4．Let me see _____.
A．that can I repair the radio B．whether -I can repair the radio
C．I can repair the radio D．whether can I repair the radio
5．Keep in mind _____.
A．that the teacher said B．what did the teacher say
C．that did the teacher say D．what the teacher said
6．Could you advise me _____?
A．which book should I read first B．what book should I read first
C．that book 1should read first D．which book I should read first
7．He was criticized for _____.
A．he had done it B．what he had done
C．what had he done D．that he had done it
8．Would you kindly tell me _____?
A．how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
B．how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
C．where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
D．whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
9．Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _____.
A．what had she seen in China B．that she had seen in China
C．what she had seen in China D．which had she seen in China
10．We took it for granted ___
A．that they were not coming B．that were they not coming
C．they were coming not D．were they not coining
11．I really don't know _____
A．I should do next B．what should I do next
C．what I should do next D．how I should do next
12．I'm afraid _____.
A．the little girl will have to be operated on
B．that will the little girl have to operate on
C．the little girl will have to operate on
D．that will the little girl have to be operated on
13．She walked up to _____.
A．where did I stand B．where I stood
C．I stood there D．where I stood there
14．Can you tell me _____?
A．who is that gentleman B．that gentleman is who
C．who that gentleman is D．whom.is that gentleman
15．We'll give you _____.
A．that do you need B．what do you need
C．whatever you need D．whether do you need
16．They want us to know _____ to help us.
A．what can they B．what they can C．how they can D．how can they
17．We must put _____ into practice.
A．what we have learned B．that we have learned
C．that have we learned D．what have we learned
18．Did she say anything about _____?
A．that the work was to be done B．how was the work to be done
C．that was the work to be done D．how the work was to be done
19．He was never satisfied with _____.
A．what she had achieved B．had what she achieved
C．she had achieved D．that she achieved
20. These photographs will show you _____.
A．what does our village look like B．what our village looks like
C．how does our village look like D．how our village looks like
21．Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.
A．on that B．what C．that D．on which
22．They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.
A．when B．where C．why D．that
23．We wish we could have learned _____ when we were at high school.
A．what you did B．that you had done
C．that what you did D．what did you do
24．1will describe to you _____ I saw when there.
A．what B．that C．which D．/
25．From _____ I should say he is a good worker.
A．what 1know of him B．that I do know of him
C．what do I know of him D．that do I know of him
26．I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.
A．whomever B．anyone C．whoever D．someone
27．_____ they will come here hasn' t been decided yet.
A．What B．That C．When D．Where
28．_____ was said here must be kept secret.
A．Who B．The thing C．Whatever D．Where
29．It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.
A．if B．that C．what D．when
30. I'm going anyway. _____ she will go is up to her to decide.
A．If or not B．Whether or not C．If D．That
31．It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word．
A．that B．what C．why D．how
32．It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.
A．what B．that C．why D．where
33．_____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.
A．That B．When C．What D．Whether
34．It has been decided _____ he will be sent there.
A．if B．whether C．why D．that
35．It doesn' t matter _____he' s come back or not.
A．if B．whether C．that D．when
36．It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.
A．when B．that C．why D．where
37．It happened _____ I wasn't there that day.
A．when B．why C．where D．that
38．_____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A．What B．That C．Which D．The things
39．_____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.
A．Anyone B．The person C．Whoever D．Who
40._____ the 2000 Olympic Games won't be held in Beijing is known to all.
A．Whether B．If C．Whenever D．That
41．_____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.
A．That B．Whoever C．Whether D．Whether or not
42．__ we need more equipment is quite obvious.
A．What B．Whether C．That D．Whatever
43．Has it been announced _____?
A．when are the planes to take off B．that are the planes to take off
C．where are the planes to take off D．when the planes are to take off
44．That is _____ we all support his idea．
A．what B．why C．where D．when
45．That’s _____ we should do.
A．that B．what C．how D．why
46．_____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said
A．What; that; what B．What; what; what
C．That; that; what D．Why; that; which
47．Things were not _____ they seemed to be.
A．when B．why C．that D．what
48．That’s _____ I want to say.
A．all what B．what C．all which D．what that
49．That’s _____.
A．where our differences lie B．our differences lie there
C．where do our differences lie D．that where our differences lie
50. That is _____.
A．where lived he there B．where did he live
C．where he lived D．that where he lived
51．The questions is _____.
A．whether is it worth doing B．that if it is worth doing
C．whether it is worth doing D．if it is worth doing
52．Water will continue to be _____ it is today next in importance to oxygen.
A．how B．which C．what D．as
53．That's_____.
A．how did I become a teacher B．how I became a teacher
C．how a teacher I became D．that I became a teacher
54．They are just _____.
A．that what shall I have B．what shall I have
C．that I shall have what D．what I shall have
55．It looked ____.
A．as if it was going to rain B．that as if it was going to rain
C．as if was it going to rain D．as if that it was going to rain
56．That's_____.
A．how she did it B．that how did she do it.
C．how did she do it D．what she did it
57．That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.
A．where B．which C．that D．why
58．That’s _____ I lived when I was ten years old．
A．where B．at which C．there where D．when
59．My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.
A．if B．that C．when that D．that where
60. The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.
A．what B．that C．why D．if
61．We heard the news _____ our team had won.
A．that B．what C．whether D．why
62．The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.
A．why B．if C．that D．whether
63．I have no idea _____ she will be back.
A．that B．where C．that when D．when
64．We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.
A．whether B．that C．why D．when
65．They have no idea at all _____.
A．where he has gone B．where did he go
C．where has he gone D．which place he has gone