牛津上海版高中二年级第二册英语 Unit 2 Laughter heals学案 无答案
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| 名称 | 牛津上海版高中二年级第二册英语 Unit 2 Laughter heals学案 无答案 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2020-03-20 22:22:38 | ||
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Unit 2 Laughter heals
Grammar
【学习目标】
同位语从句的相关知识。
【学习重难点】
关键在于怎样把所学的语言运用到语境中去。
【学习过程】
1．同位语the Appositive
同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。
同位语的表现形式有以下几种：
（1）名词 Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
（2）代词 I myself will do the experiment.
（3）数词 She is the oldest among them six.
（4）从句 He told me the news that the plane had exploded．他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。
（5）由such as, that is引导
Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn.
某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。
（6）由of引导 The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000.
自从2000年以来, 北京市发生了很大的变化。
（7）由or引导
The freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure.
结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结冰时的温度。
2．同位语从句the Appositive clause
（1）同位语从句的定义
在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。
它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question 等名词的后面, 对前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that, 连接副词how, when, where, whether, what等。
e.g.
The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.
The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved．
I have no idea when he will come back.
注意：同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：
The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.
Word came that their team had won.
（2） 同位语从句的表现形式:
①由that引导
The fact that you haven’t enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable.
The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.
The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true.
The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all.
The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.
②由whether引导
The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed．
③由when引导
I have no idea when they will go.
（3）有时可用 namely (即), that is to say (也就是说), in other words (换句话说), that is (那就是), for example 等引出同位语, 说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。
He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.
There is only one way of improving your English, that is, to practice more.
Altogether Dolly had lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.
（3） 同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们:
①同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词;
定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。
We express the hope that they will come to visit China again. (同位语从句)
Those who want to go please sign their names here. (定语从句)
②同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系；
定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
The news that they won the match is true. (同位语从句, news和从句没有逻辑关系)
The news that you told us yesterday is true. (定语从句, news是told的逻辑宾语)
The order when we should go back hasn’t reached us.
(同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关系)
The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten.
(定语从句, day是founded 的逻辑状语)
③同位语从句主要由连接词that引导,有时也可用when, where, who, whether等引导;
定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。
Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed．
Do you know the place where he was born?
④引导同位语从句的连词不可省略;
引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。
The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true.
The news (that) he told me is exciting.
⑤同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子, 谓语动词用be的不同形式。
He heard the news that their team had won.
此句可以变为一个表语从句: The news was that their team had won.
练习一、填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句：
1．The fact____ he used to be a thief is known to all.
2．We were surprised by the fact _______ she told us.
3．The next thing ____ must be done is to make a plan.
4．Word came ____ our army had won the battle.
5．The president has given an order everyone in the country should prepare for a war___ might last for several years.
6．We've just heard a warning on the radio ____ a hurricane is likely to come.
7．There is no doubt ___ he has told a lie.
8．You have no idea _____ anxious I was!
9．The coat is in the place ______ you left it.
10．Then arose the question about _____ we were to get the machines needed．
11．This is the mountain village _______ I stayed last year.
12．I’ll never forget the days _____ I worked together with you.
13．Please pass me the book _____ cover is green.
14．Is this the reason ____ he refused our offer?
15．The person to ______ you spoke is a famous actor.
16．She sat on the corner of the table near the door by ______ her husband always entered．
17．The white flower is the only one _____ I really like.
18．The news was very exciting ___ our class had won the football match.
19．They are familiar with the opinion ____ all matter consists of atoms.
20. The question _____ we shall have a meeting hasn’t been decided．
21．They told the policeman the fact ___ they had nothing to do with the murder.
22．All agreed to his suggestion ___ a bridge across the river be built.
23．The question ____ should do the work requires consideration.
24．This is our only request ___ this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
25．Word came ___ our Chinese women team had beaten Japanese.
练习二：把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。
1．Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.
2．The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China．/We heard the news last night.
3．Teenagers shouldn’t spend too much time online. /Many Chinese parents hold the view.
4．Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the idea．
5．Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.
练习三：翻译句子, 并说明这个名词性从句的作用。
1．We don’t think you two have met before.
2．It is certain that John will do well in his exam.
3．Whether they are coming or not don’t matter too much.
4．Now is when we need him most.
5．I have no idea how she got through the forest.
6．The fact that they won the prize made us happy.
练习四：【巩固练习】
1．One of them held the view the book said was right.
A．what that B．that what C．that D．whether
2．The reason ___ he has to go is ___ his mother is ill in bed．
A, why ; why B．why; because C．why ; that D．that ; because
3．They received orders ___ the work be done right away.
A．which B．that C．/ D．when
4．I have no idea _______.
A．how to do B．when shall we start out for the trip
C．what has happened to my wife D．how much have they earned
5．I think ___ certain that she will do well in her exam.
A．that B．this is C．it D．what’s
6．The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A．until B．that C．when D．where
7．He’s got himself into a dangerous situation __ he was likely to lose control over the plane. A．where B．which C．what D．why
8．That’s the only thing ___ he can do now.
A．which B．all C．that D．what
9．Information has been put forward ___ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A．while B．that C．when D．as
10．Along with the letter was his promise ___ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A．which B．that C．what D．whether
11．There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need ____.
A．that; to be improved B．which; to be improved
C．where; improving D．when; improving
12．Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ______ a cure for AIDS will be found．
A．which B．that C．what D．whether
13．Danby left word with my secretary _______he would call again in the afternoon.
A．who B．that C．as D．which
14．Doris' success lies in the fact ___ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.
A．which B．that C．when D．why
15．Do you have any idea ________ is actually going on in the classroom?
A．that B．what C．as D．which
16．There’s a feeling in me ___ we’ll never know what a UFO is – not ever.
A．that B．which C．of which D．what
17．A warm thought suddenly came to me _____I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday．
A．if B．when C．that D．which
18．_____ is no possibility _____ Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A．There…that B．It…that C．There…whether D．It…whether
19．Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ____he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A．why B．that C．where D．because
20. I’ve heard a whisper _____ David and Heather are heading for marriage.
A．what B．which C．who D．that
21．Here’s an announcement ____ the winner at chess can get a prize of 1,000 yuan.
A．that B．why C．whether D．when
22．It’s a question _____ he did it.
A．what B．that C．how D．if
23．The dream ____ we are flying in space has finally been realized by a Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei.
A．when B．that C．which D．what
24．They rumor spread ____ a new school would be built.
A．that B．what C．where D．which
25．The question ____ it is right or wrong depends on the result.
A．if B．which C．that D．whether
26．The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A．that B．what C．why D．which
27．The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A．what B．that C．why D．when
28．His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A．which B．that C．/ D．it
29．I have no idea ____ we can spend our holiday.
A．where B．which C．that D．what
30. I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
A．if B．that C．whether D．which
31．The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A．when B．which C．what D．that
32．The news __he told us yesterday is not true, but the news_ our team has won the match is true.
A．/; that B．that; / C．that; which D．that; who
33．He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A．whether B．where C．that D．when
Grammar
【学习目标】
同位语从句的相关知识。
【学习重难点】
关键在于怎样把所学的语言运用到语境中去。
【学习过程】
1．同位语the Appositive
同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。
同位语的表现形式有以下几种：
（1）名词 Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
（2）代词 I myself will do the experiment.
（3）数词 She is the oldest among them six.
（4）从句 He told me the news that the plane had exploded．他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。
（5）由such as, that is引导
Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn.
某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。
（6）由of引导 The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000.
自从2000年以来, 北京市发生了很大的变化。
（7）由or引导
The freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure.
结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结冰时的温度。
2．同位语从句the Appositive clause
（1）同位语从句的定义
在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。
它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question 等名词的后面, 对前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that, 连接副词how, when, where, whether, what等。
e.g.
The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.
The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved．
I have no idea when he will come back.
注意：同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：
The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.
Word came that their team had won.
（2） 同位语从句的表现形式:
①由that引导
The fact that you haven’t enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable.
The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.
The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true.
The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all.
The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.
②由whether引导
The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed．
③由when引导
I have no idea when they will go.
（3）有时可用 namely (即), that is to say (也就是说), in other words (换句话说), that is (那就是), for example 等引出同位语, 说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。
He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.
There is only one way of improving your English, that is, to practice more.
Altogether Dolly had lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.
（3） 同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们:
①同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词;
定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。
We express the hope that they will come to visit China again. (同位语从句)
Those who want to go please sign their names here. (定语从句)
②同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系；
定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
The news that they won the match is true. (同位语从句, news和从句没有逻辑关系)
The news that you told us yesterday is true. (定语从句, news是told的逻辑宾语)
The order when we should go back hasn’t reached us.
(同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关系)
The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten.
(定语从句, day是founded 的逻辑状语)
③同位语从句主要由连接词that引导,有时也可用when, where, who, whether等引导;
定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。
Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed．
Do you know the place where he was born?
④引导同位语从句的连词不可省略;
引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。
The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true.
The news (that) he told me is exciting.
⑤同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子, 谓语动词用be的不同形式。
He heard the news that their team had won.
此句可以变为一个表语从句: The news was that their team had won.
练习一、填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句：
1．The fact____ he used to be a thief is known to all.
2．We were surprised by the fact _______ she told us.
3．The next thing ____ must be done is to make a plan.
4．Word came ____ our army had won the battle.
5．The president has given an order everyone in the country should prepare for a war___ might last for several years.
6．We've just heard a warning on the radio ____ a hurricane is likely to come.
7．There is no doubt ___ he has told a lie.
8．You have no idea _____ anxious I was!
9．The coat is in the place ______ you left it.
10．Then arose the question about _____ we were to get the machines needed．
11．This is the mountain village _______ I stayed last year.
12．I’ll never forget the days _____ I worked together with you.
13．Please pass me the book _____ cover is green.
14．Is this the reason ____ he refused our offer?
15．The person to ______ you spoke is a famous actor.
16．She sat on the corner of the table near the door by ______ her husband always entered．
17．The white flower is the only one _____ I really like.
18．The news was very exciting ___ our class had won the football match.
19．They are familiar with the opinion ____ all matter consists of atoms.
20. The question _____ we shall have a meeting hasn’t been decided．
21．They told the policeman the fact ___ they had nothing to do with the murder.
22．All agreed to his suggestion ___ a bridge across the river be built.
23．The question ____ should do the work requires consideration.
24．This is our only request ___ this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
25．Word came ___ our Chinese women team had beaten Japanese.
练习二：把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。
1．Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.
2．The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China．/We heard the news last night.
3．Teenagers shouldn’t spend too much time online. /Many Chinese parents hold the view.
4．Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the idea．
5．Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.
练习三：翻译句子, 并说明这个名词性从句的作用。
1．We don’t think you two have met before.
2．It is certain that John will do well in his exam.
3．Whether they are coming or not don’t matter too much.
4．Now is when we need him most.
5．I have no idea how she got through the forest.
6．The fact that they won the prize made us happy.
练习四：【巩固练习】
1．One of them held the view the book said was right.
A．what that B．that what C．that D．whether
2．The reason ___ he has to go is ___ his mother is ill in bed．
A, why ; why B．why; because C．why ; that D．that ; because
3．They received orders ___ the work be done right away.
A．which B．that C．/ D．when
4．I have no idea _______.
A．how to do B．when shall we start out for the trip
C．what has happened to my wife D．how much have they earned
5．I think ___ certain that she will do well in her exam.
A．that B．this is C．it D．what’s
6．The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A．until B．that C．when D．where
7．He’s got himself into a dangerous situation __ he was likely to lose control over the plane. A．where B．which C．what D．why
8．That’s the only thing ___ he can do now.
A．which B．all C．that D．what
9．Information has been put forward ___ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A．while B．that C．when D．as
10．Along with the letter was his promise ___ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A．which B．that C．what D．whether
11．There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need ____.
A．that; to be improved B．which; to be improved
C．where; improving D．when; improving
12．Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ______ a cure for AIDS will be found．
A．which B．that C．what D．whether
13．Danby left word with my secretary _______he would call again in the afternoon.
A．who B．that C．as D．which
14．Doris' success lies in the fact ___ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.
A．which B．that C．when D．why
15．Do you have any idea ________ is actually going on in the classroom?
A．that B．what C．as D．which
16．There’s a feeling in me ___ we’ll never know what a UFO is – not ever.
A．that B．which C．of which D．what
17．A warm thought suddenly came to me _____I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday．
A．if B．when C．that D．which
18．_____ is no possibility _____ Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A．There…that B．It…that C．There…whether D．It…whether
19．Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ____he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A．why B．that C．where D．because
20. I’ve heard a whisper _____ David and Heather are heading for marriage.
A．what B．which C．who D．that
21．Here’s an announcement ____ the winner at chess can get a prize of 1,000 yuan.
A．that B．why C．whether D．when
22．It’s a question _____ he did it.
A．what B．that C．how D．if
23．The dream ____ we are flying in space has finally been realized by a Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei.
A．when B．that C．which D．what
24．They rumor spread ____ a new school would be built.
A．that B．what C．where D．which
25．The question ____ it is right or wrong depends on the result.
A．if B．which C．that D．whether
26．The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A．that B．what C．why D．which
27．The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A．what B．that C．why D．when
28．His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A．which B．that C．/ D．it
29．I have no idea ____ we can spend our holiday.
A．where B．which C．that D．what
30. I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
A．if B．that C．whether D．which
31．The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A．when B．which C．what D．that
32．The news __he told us yesterday is not true, but the news_ our team has won the match is true.
A．/; that B．that; / C．that; which D．that; who
33．He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A．whether B．where C．that D．when