牛津上海版高中二年级第二册英语 Unit 6 Problems and solutions学案 无答案
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| 名称 | 牛津上海版高中二年级第二册英语 Unit 6 Problems and solutions学案 无答案 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津上海版（试用本） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2020-03-20 22:21:33 | ||
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Unit 6 Problems and solutions
【学习目标】
知识目标：
1．独立主格结构的含义。
2．学会将独立主格结构和时间、原因、伴随等状语从句的转换。
3．理解独立主格结构的构成，并区别于分词作状语。
情感目标：
1．培养并发扬乐观向上的精神。
2．学会解决问题。
【学习重难点】
1．独立主格结构的形式。
2．在具体的语境中得体地使用独立主格结构。
【学习过程】
独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词（作为逻辑主语）加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语，其作用相当于状语从句，多用来表示行为方式或者伴随情况，有时也用来表示时间、原因和条件。这种结构多用于书面语中。
一、独立主格结构的特点。
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
二、独立主格结构的构成。
名词普通格或代词主格 + 现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
1．名词（或代词） + 现在分词
现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态。
He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.
The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.
注意：现在分词being或having been在独立主格结构中可以省略。
The weather（being）fine, we decided to go on an outing.
独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，
一是在“There being + 名词”结构中，
There being nothing else to do, we went home.
二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
It being Sunday, all the offices are closed．
2．名词（或代词） + 不定式（短语）
不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示“企图” “约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事。
The exam to be held tomorrow, I couldn’t go to the cinema tonight.
Many flowers and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
3．名词（或代词） + 过去分词
过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作。
The girls lay on her back, her hands crossed under her head．
The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved．
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard．
4．名词（或代词） + 形容词（短语）/ 副词
形容词（短语）或副词在独立主格结构中说明前面名词或代词的性质、状态
The floor wet, we had to stay outside for a while.
He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.
The meeting over, we all went home.
School over, we all went home.
5．名词（或代词） + 介词短语
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand．
He left the office, tears in eyes.
注意：在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里，介词前后的两个名词均不加任何修饰成分(一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词)。但with 的复合结构不受此限制。例如：
The teacher came in, with a book in his hand．
三、With( without) 的复合结构的构成以及句法功能。
（一）、with / without +宾语+宾语补足语构成复合结构的几种情况：
1．with+名词/代词+形容词
He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.
= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.
注意：在“with+名词/代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。
With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.
With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.
2．with+名词/代词+副词
The boy was walking, with his father ahead．
= The boy was walking and his father was ahead．
3．with+名词/代词+介词短语
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand．
= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand．
4．with+名词/代词+动词过去分词
With his homework done, Peter went out to play.
= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.
5．with+名词/代词+现在分词
The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.
= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.
6．with+名词/代词+动词不定式
The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.
= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.
（二）、With (without) 的复合结构的句法功能：定语和状语
1．There is a magazine with a modern girl on its cover. (定语)
2．He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.
= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet. (伴随状语)
3The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
=The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.（原因状语）
4．With the signal given, the train started．
= After the signal was given, the train started．（时间状语）
四、独立主格结构的作用：多用作状语。
1．表示时间
His homework done（=After his homework was done），Mary decided to go shopping.
Spring coming on, the trees turned green.
2．表示原因
There being no buses（=Because there were no buses），we had to walk home.
The key having been lost, she could not enter the room.
3．表示条件
Weather permitting（=If weather permits），we’ll go to play basketball.
Time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace.
4．表示方式或伴随
He sat at the table, head down.
I have bought a new coat, the old one being worn out.
动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，
动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，
动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。
The manager looks worried，many things to be settled．
The manager looks relaxed, many things settled．
The man lay there, his hands trembling.
独立主格结构专项练习题
1．Everything ___ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.
A．to take B．taken C．to be taken D．taking
2．An expert ___ to help them tomorrow, they are sure to work out the problem.
A．will come B, coming C．to come D．having come
3．The meeting ___ over, he went to pick up his son directly
A．to be B．is C．was D．being
4．--- They sat still in the room, ___.
--- Why did they do like that?
A．drawing the curtains B．with the curtains drawn
C．with the curtains drawing D．having the curtains drawn
5．The sun ___, they continued their way.
A．has risen B．having risen C．has raised D．having raised
6．The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ___ at the end of last March.
A．has been launched B．having been launched C．being launched D．to be launched
7．Here are two volumes, the third one ____ next month.
A．comes out B．came out C．coming out D．to come out
8．With his son___, the old man felt unhappy.
A．to disappoint B．to be disappointing C．disappointing D．being disappointed
9．--- Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
---Sorry. With so much work ___ my mind, I almost break down.
A．filled B．filling C．to fill D．being filled
10．John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ___, he gladly accepted it.
A．finished B．finishing C．having finished D．was finished
11．??___, I had to ask for two days’ leave.
A．Mother being ill B．Mother ill C．As mother was ill D．A, B and C
12．With so many books ???___, I couldn’t go to surf the Internet.
A．to read B．to be read C．reading D．read
13．The thief stood before the policeman ____ admitting what he had done.
A．with his dropping head B．dropping his head C．raising his head D．with his head down
14．Winter ___, it is time to buy warm clothes.
A．has come on B．is coming on C．coming on D．comes on
15．The old man lay on his back at the corner of the street, his eyes ___ and his hands ___.
A．close, tremble B．closed, trembling C．closing, trembling D．closed, trembled
16．With nothing __ to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out.
A．leaving B．leave C．left D．to leave
17．It was a pity that the great writer died ___ his works unfinished．
A．for B．with C．of D．from
18．I couldn’t do my homework with that noise ___ on. A．to go B．went C．going D．goes
19．___ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend．
A．Because of B．With C．As for D．Besides
20. Tom came home, ___.
A．a dog following him B．a dog followed him
C．being followed him D．a dog was followed him
【学习目标】
知识目标：
1．独立主格结构的含义。
2．学会将独立主格结构和时间、原因、伴随等状语从句的转换。
3．理解独立主格结构的构成，并区别于分词作状语。
情感目标：
1．培养并发扬乐观向上的精神。
2．学会解决问题。
【学习重难点】
1．独立主格结构的形式。
2．在具体的语境中得体地使用独立主格结构。
【学习过程】
独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词（作为逻辑主语）加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语，其作用相当于状语从句，多用来表示行为方式或者伴随情况，有时也用来表示时间、原因和条件。这种结构多用于书面语中。
一、独立主格结构的特点。
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
二、独立主格结构的构成。
名词普通格或代词主格 + 现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
1．名词（或代词） + 现在分词
现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态。
He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.
The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.
注意：现在分词being或having been在独立主格结构中可以省略。
The weather（being）fine, we decided to go on an outing.
独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，
一是在“There being + 名词”结构中，
There being nothing else to do, we went home.
二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
It being Sunday, all the offices are closed．
2．名词（或代词） + 不定式（短语）
不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示“企图” “约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事。
The exam to be held tomorrow, I couldn’t go to the cinema tonight.
Many flowers and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
3．名词（或代词） + 过去分词
过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作。
The girls lay on her back, her hands crossed under her head．
The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved．
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard．
4．名词（或代词） + 形容词（短语）/ 副词
形容词（短语）或副词在独立主格结构中说明前面名词或代词的性质、状态
The floor wet, we had to stay outside for a while.
He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.
The meeting over, we all went home.
School over, we all went home.
5．名词（或代词） + 介词短语
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand．
He left the office, tears in eyes.
注意：在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里，介词前后的两个名词均不加任何修饰成分(一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词)。但with 的复合结构不受此限制。例如：
The teacher came in, with a book in his hand．
三、With( without) 的复合结构的构成以及句法功能。
（一）、with / without +宾语+宾语补足语构成复合结构的几种情况：
1．with+名词/代词+形容词
He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.
= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.
注意：在“with+名词/代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。
With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.
With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.
2．with+名词/代词+副词
The boy was walking, with his father ahead．
= The boy was walking and his father was ahead．
3．with+名词/代词+介词短语
He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand．
= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand．
4．with+名词/代词+动词过去分词
With his homework done, Peter went out to play.
= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.
5．with+名词/代词+现在分词
The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.
= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.
6．with+名词/代词+动词不定式
The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.
= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.
（二）、With (without) 的复合结构的句法功能：定语和状语
1．There is a magazine with a modern girl on its cover. (定语)
2．He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.
= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet. (伴随状语)
3The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
=The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.（原因状语）
4．With the signal given, the train started．
= After the signal was given, the train started．（时间状语）
四、独立主格结构的作用：多用作状语。
1．表示时间
His homework done（=After his homework was done），Mary decided to go shopping.
Spring coming on, the trees turned green.
2．表示原因
There being no buses（=Because there were no buses），we had to walk home.
The key having been lost, she could not enter the room.
3．表示条件
Weather permitting（=If weather permits），we’ll go to play basketball.
Time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace.
4．表示方式或伴随
He sat at the table, head down.
I have bought a new coat, the old one being worn out.
动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，
动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，
动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。
The manager looks worried，many things to be settled．
The manager looks relaxed, many things settled．
The man lay there, his hands trembling.
独立主格结构专项练习题
1．Everything ___ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.
A．to take B．taken C．to be taken D．taking
2．An expert ___ to help them tomorrow, they are sure to work out the problem.
A．will come B, coming C．to come D．having come
3．The meeting ___ over, he went to pick up his son directly
A．to be B．is C．was D．being
4．--- They sat still in the room, ___.
--- Why did they do like that?
A．drawing the curtains B．with the curtains drawn
C．with the curtains drawing D．having the curtains drawn
5．The sun ___, they continued their way.
A．has risen B．having risen C．has raised D．having raised
6．The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ___ at the end of last March.
A．has been launched B．having been launched C．being launched D．to be launched
7．Here are two volumes, the third one ____ next month.
A．comes out B．came out C．coming out D．to come out
8．With his son___, the old man felt unhappy.
A．to disappoint B．to be disappointing C．disappointing D．being disappointed
9．--- Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
---Sorry. With so much work ___ my mind, I almost break down.
A．filled B．filling C．to fill D．being filled
10．John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ___, he gladly accepted it.
A．finished B．finishing C．having finished D．was finished
11．??___, I had to ask for two days’ leave.
A．Mother being ill B．Mother ill C．As mother was ill D．A, B and C
12．With so many books ???___, I couldn’t go to surf the Internet.
A．to read B．to be read C．reading D．read
13．The thief stood before the policeman ____ admitting what he had done.
A．with his dropping head B．dropping his head C．raising his head D．with his head down
14．Winter ___, it is time to buy warm clothes.
A．has come on B．is coming on C．coming on D．comes on
15．The old man lay on his back at the corner of the street, his eyes ___ and his hands ___.
A．close, tremble B．closed, trembling C．closing, trembling D．closed, trembled
16．With nothing __ to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out.
A．leaving B．leave C．left D．to leave
17．It was a pity that the great writer died ___ his works unfinished．
A．for B．with C．of D．from
18．I couldn’t do my homework with that noise ___ on. A．to go B．went C．going D．goes
19．___ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend．
A．Because of B．With C．As for D．Besides
20. Tom came home, ___.
A．a dog following him B．a dog followed him
C．being followed him D．a dog was followed him