牛津上海版高中三年级第二册英语 - Unit 2 Wonderful sea animals_学案1

Unit 2 Wonderful sea animals
【学习目标】
了解强调句型是高考语法必考知识点；
懂得判断强调句型；
熟练掌握强调句型的句子结构特点，即其公式以及不同之处；
能判断强调部分所指，选择正确的引导词。
【学习重难点】
熟练掌握强调句型的句子结构特点，即其公式以及不同之处；
能判断强调部分所指，选择正确的引导词。
【学习过程】
一、典例精讲
“强调”就是使句子的某一部分比一般情况下显得更加重要。英语表达中，要强调句子的某一成分，一般可用强调句型“强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋ that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等”。It在句中无意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时，除可用that外，还可换用who（强调宾语指人时也可用whom）。注意：判断与区分强调句型的关键在于去掉强调结构It is (was)… that(who)…后，剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子。
1．强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。
强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
2．陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
1）. It is what you do rather than what you say ____matters.
A．that B．what C．which D．this
2）. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years ____I enjoyed myself so much.
A．when B．that C．before D．since
3．一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。
1).e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
2). it in 1939the Second World War broke out?
A．Was, that B．Is, who C．Is, that D．Was, who
4．特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分?
1).e.g. When and where was it that you were born?
2). is it that you want me to do？
A．Who B．That C．What D．How
5．含有not… until… 句型的强调句
1）.句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分
e.g. 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed．
2）. It was not until she got home ____Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
A．when B．that C．where D．before
注意：此句型只用until，不用till.但如果不是强调句型，till， until可通用;因为句型中It is/ was not… 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
6．谓语动词的强调
1．It is/ was… that… 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did．
e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。
He write to you last week.
A．was B．do C．dose D．did
be careful when you cross the street.
A．Does B．Do C．Did D．It
注意： 强调句型It is/ was… that/ who主要用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语或表语。如果要强调谓语动词,应该用助动词do及其变形does或did，这三种形式常用在谓语动词之前，以加强语气。它一般只能强调现在时与过去时。如：
I do wish I could．我真希望我能。
He does look well. 他的确看起来气色很好。
You did give me a fright. 你真把我给吓了一跳。
此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有别的形式;过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。
使用强调句型时，应注意以下事项：
一）、去掉强调结构It is (was)… that(who)…后，剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子。这是判断是不是强调句型的关键。
试比较：
1．It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday.
2．It is you and Tom that didn’t come yesterday.
显然，句1去掉It is… that…后，句子结构不完整，是主语从句；句2去掉It is… that…后，句子变为you and Tom didn’t come yesterday. 仍是一个表意完整的句子，这是一个强调句。
二）、如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不可用when, where, why或how，而仍用that。试比较：
It was because of the accident why he was late. (误),
It was because of the accident that he was late. (正)。又如：
1．It was not until midnight?????they reached the camp site. （重庆）
A．that B．when C．while D．as
2．It was after he got what he had desired ____he realized it was not so important.
A．that B．when C．since D．as
3．It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. （全国II）
A．that B．how C．which D．when
三）、注意强调句型的否定句和疑问句形式，在这方面很容易因弄不清句子结构而错选。如:
I just wonder ____that makes him so excited．
A．why it does B．what he does C．how it is D．what it is
四）、强调主语时，that或who后面的谓语动词的形式仍然取决于原句中的主语；be的变化只有is和was两种形式，如果要表示现在时将来时的其它各种形式时，就用It is…, 表达过去时的各种形式时，用It was….一般要与谓语动词的时态一致。如：
1．It is I who/ that am an English teacher.
2．It is the boy who/ that speaks English best in the class.
3．It was on Sunday that he gave George this ticket.
4．It is the little girl who/ that has broken the glass.
五）、在复习中有可能把It is/ was…that句式都误认为是强调句型的几种情况：
1．把具有实际意义的指示代词it后面接is/was…that误认为是强调句式。
--- Where did you get to know her?
--- It was on the farm ____ we worked．
A．that B．there C．which D．where
2．把it指时间、天气、距离、环境等后接be的情形误以为是强调句型。
It was twenty miles from our city to the village ____the accident happened．
A．that B．when C．then D．where
3．把It is/ was…that结构的主语从句误认为是强调句型。
The Foreign Minister said, “____our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A．This is B．There is C．That is D．It is
____ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
A．As B．That C．This D．It
跟踪训练：
用强调句型it is/ was… that/ who强调划线部分
1．She didn’t know her mother was ill in bed until she came home from work.
2．Did his father die during the Second World War?
3．Who broke the window?
4．How did you succeed?
5．He is a teacher now.
6．I bought you the dictionary.
7．I am to blame.
8．You are wrong.
9．I am looking for him.
10．He told me the news at the gate.