牛津上海版高中三年级第一册英语 Unit 2 Society and change 状语从句 教案
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| 名称 | 牛津上海版高中三年级第一册英语 Unit 2 Society and change 状语从句 教案 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津上海版（试用本） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2020-03-20 22:47:01 | ||
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Unit 2 Society and change
Teaching aims and demands
掌握各种状语从句的基本用法。
Teaching important points and difficulties
各种状语从句的概念和用法。
Teaching procedures
Step1．状语从句的基本概念
1．状语从句的定义：
在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连词引起，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引起，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。
状语从句一般分为九大类：
时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句。
2．状语从句的分类：
(1) 时间状语从句
由下列连词引导：when, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, once, as soon as, now that, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than,有一些表示时间的副词（短语）或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如：directly, instantly, immediately, by the time，the moment, the second, the minute, the instant, every time, each time, next time, the last time等
注意点如下：
1)when, while, as引导的时间状语从句
as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。所以常译作“一边……一边”。
John sings as he works.
① She came up as I was cooking.(同时)
② When I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。
①It was raining when we arrived．(指时间点)
②When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)
③When we arrived there, the film had already begun.(先后发生)
While强调一段时间里，仅表示从句和主句的动作同时发生，并且有延续意义，该从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词，从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态；在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。
①Please don’t talk so loud while/when others are working.
②He fell asleep while/when reading.
③While they were watching TV, I was preparing myself for the coming examination.
Strike while the iron is hot. (不可用as或when，这里的while意思是“趁……”)
As his hands dropped he dropped with it, and I laid him down, dead.
当When引出的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用 as 引导的省略句来代替。
When he was a young man (=As a young man) he was fond of hunting.
(2) before状语从句的重点句型
It will (not ) be a period of time before 还要……才，要不了多久就……
It was (not) 过了……才 没多久就……
①It was a long time before I got to sleep.
② It wasn’t long before he told me about the news.
③不等……就 在……之前：
The telephone rang off before I could answer it.
④刚……就：
He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.
⑤先……再：
You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision.
(3) since 引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式（包括过去完成时），则从句的动作已经结束,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性动词的完成时态，从句意思是肯定的。
It is /has been a period of time 延续性动词的过去式 自从该动作结束已多长时间
延续性动词的完成时态 since 该动作已延续了多长时间
短暂性动词的过去式 自从该动作开始已多长时间
①He has never been to see me since I was ill.我病愈后，他一直未来看我。（不在生病了）
②He has never been to see me since I have been ill.我病了，他一直未来看我。
③I haven’t heard from him since he lived here.自从他这里搬走，我就没有收到他的信。（不住在这儿了）
④I know him very well since he has lived here near us.
自他住在我们附近以来，我对他很了解。
⑤It’s three years since I was in the army.我退伍已三年了。（不在服役了）
⑥It’s three years since I have been in the army=It's three years since I joined the army.
我入伍已三年了。
(4)如果与till与until从句使用的主句是肯定的，则主句中谓语要用延续性动词如果与其使用的主句是否肯定的，则主句中谓语要用短暂性动词。另till从句不可以置于句首，只有until从句可以放在句首。not until 放在句首时主句要倒装。
He didn’t go back to his hometown until three years later.
=Not until three years later did he go back to his hometown.
I didn’t recognize him until he took off his glasses.
= Not until he took off his glasses did I recognize him.
2．原因状语从句
由下列连词引导：as, because, since, now that, considering that, seeing that(鉴于---)。
下面几点值得注意：
because语气最强，用于回答why的提问，可与强调词only, just 以及否定词not 连用。但不可以与so连用。
如You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.
He failed because he was careless.
because引导的从句可以被强调：
It was because she wanted to study abroad that she entered for TOEFL
2)since引导的从句语气次于because引导的从句，常表示稍加分析后而推断出的原因，或指人们已知的事实，比as正式一些,常置于句首。as语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明，一般放在句首。
Since/ Now that no one is against it, let’s carry out the plan.
Since everyone has come, let’s begin our meeting.
As all the seats were full, he stood there.
3)for虽解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词，它也常引导句子表原因，但不是原因状语从句，它是一个并列句。for所提供的理由是一种补充性的说明，表推测的理由。
The day was short, for it was December.
It might have rained last night for the ground is wet.
3．地点状语从句
由下列连词引导:where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere。
You may find him where his brother lives.
You are free to go wherever you like.
The girl takes the doll with her everywhere she goes.
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
4．结果状语从句
由下列连词引导：that，so…that，such…that，so that等。
注意以下几种结构：
1).so+adj/adv+that…
2).such(a/an+adj)+n+that…
3).so+adj+a/an+n+that=such a/an+adj+n+that…
4).so many/much/few/little(少)+n+that…
5) such +(adj) +n (u /pl )+ that
It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming
He gave such important reasons that he was excused.
So或such置于句首时，主句常倒装。
It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming.
＝Such a lovely day was it that we all went swimming.
He gave such important reasons that he was excused．
= Such important reasons did he give that he was excused.
注意以上结构与定语从句so/such…as的区别。
This is such an interesting/so interesting a film that everyone wants to see it.
This is such an interesting/so interesting a film as everyone wants to see.
The stone is so heavy as we can’t lift.
That 引导的从句常用于口语中。
We turned the radio up (so) that everyone heard the news.
Step 2．Homework:
复习状语从句的用法。
Teaching aims and demands
掌握各种状语从句的基本用法。
Teaching important points and difficulties
各种状语从句的概念和用法。
Teaching procedures
Step1．状语从句的基本概念
1．状语从句的定义：
在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连词引起，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引起，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。
状语从句一般分为九大类：
时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句。
2．状语从句的分类：
(1) 时间状语从句
由下列连词引导：when, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, once, as soon as, now that, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than,有一些表示时间的副词（短语）或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如：directly, instantly, immediately, by the time，the moment, the second, the minute, the instant, every time, each time, next time, the last time等
注意点如下：
1)when, while, as引导的时间状语从句
as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。所以常译作“一边……一边”。
John sings as he works.
① She came up as I was cooking.(同时)
② When I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。
①It was raining when we arrived．(指时间点)
②When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)
③When we arrived there, the film had already begun.(先后发生)
While强调一段时间里，仅表示从句和主句的动作同时发生，并且有延续意义，该从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词，从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态；在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。
①Please don’t talk so loud while/when others are working.
②He fell asleep while/when reading.
③While they were watching TV, I was preparing myself for the coming examination.
Strike while the iron is hot. (不可用as或when，这里的while意思是“趁……”)
As his hands dropped he dropped with it, and I laid him down, dead.
当When引出的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用 as 引导的省略句来代替。
When he was a young man (=As a young man) he was fond of hunting.
(2) before状语从句的重点句型
It will (not ) be a period of time before 还要……才，要不了多久就……
It was (not) 过了……才 没多久就……
①It was a long time before I got to sleep.
② It wasn’t long before he told me about the news.
③不等……就 在……之前：
The telephone rang off before I could answer it.
④刚……就：
He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.
⑤先……再：
You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision.
(3) since 引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式（包括过去完成时），则从句的动作已经结束,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性动词的完成时态，从句意思是肯定的。
It is /has been a period of time 延续性动词的过去式 自从该动作结束已多长时间
延续性动词的完成时态 since 该动作已延续了多长时间
短暂性动词的过去式 自从该动作开始已多长时间
①He has never been to see me since I was ill.我病愈后，他一直未来看我。（不在生病了）
②He has never been to see me since I have been ill.我病了，他一直未来看我。
③I haven’t heard from him since he lived here.自从他这里搬走，我就没有收到他的信。（不住在这儿了）
④I know him very well since he has lived here near us.
自他住在我们附近以来，我对他很了解。
⑤It’s three years since I was in the army.我退伍已三年了。（不在服役了）
⑥It’s three years since I have been in the army=It's three years since I joined the army.
我入伍已三年了。
(4)如果与till与until从句使用的主句是肯定的，则主句中谓语要用延续性动词如果与其使用的主句是否肯定的，则主句中谓语要用短暂性动词。另till从句不可以置于句首，只有until从句可以放在句首。not until 放在句首时主句要倒装。
He didn’t go back to his hometown until three years later.
=Not until three years later did he go back to his hometown.
I didn’t recognize him until he took off his glasses.
= Not until he took off his glasses did I recognize him.
2．原因状语从句
由下列连词引导：as, because, since, now that, considering that, seeing that(鉴于---)。
下面几点值得注意：
because语气最强，用于回答why的提问，可与强调词only, just 以及否定词not 连用。但不可以与so连用。
如You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.
He failed because he was careless.
because引导的从句可以被强调：
It was because she wanted to study abroad that she entered for TOEFL
2)since引导的从句语气次于because引导的从句，常表示稍加分析后而推断出的原因，或指人们已知的事实，比as正式一些,常置于句首。as语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明，一般放在句首。
Since/ Now that no one is against it, let’s carry out the plan.
Since everyone has come, let’s begin our meeting.
As all the seats were full, he stood there.
3)for虽解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词，它也常引导句子表原因，但不是原因状语从句，它是一个并列句。for所提供的理由是一种补充性的说明，表推测的理由。
The day was short, for it was December.
It might have rained last night for the ground is wet.
3．地点状语从句
由下列连词引导:where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere。
You may find him where his brother lives.
You are free to go wherever you like.
The girl takes the doll with her everywhere she goes.
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
4．结果状语从句
由下列连词引导：that，so…that，such…that，so that等。
注意以下几种结构：
1).so+adj/adv+that…
2).such(a/an+adj)+n+that…
3).so+adj+a/an+n+that=such a/an+adj+n+that…
4).so many/much/few/little(少)+n+that…
5) such +(adj) +n (u /pl )+ that
It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming
He gave such important reasons that he was excused.
So或such置于句首时，主句常倒装。
It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming.
＝Such a lovely day was it that we all went swimming.
He gave such important reasons that he was excused．
= Such important reasons did he give that he was excused.
注意以上结构与定语从句so/such…as的区别。
This is such an interesting/so interesting a film that everyone wants to see it.
This is such an interesting/so interesting a film as everyone wants to see.
The stone is so heavy as we can’t lift.
That 引导的从句常用于口语中。
We turned the radio up (so) that everyone heard the news.
Step 2．Homework:
复习状语从句的用法。