2020中考定语从句精讲+精练(含解析)

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名称 2020中考定语从句精讲+精练(含解析)
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2020中考定语从句精讲
定语从句的含义
定义:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句,通常紧跟在被修饰的词之后。被定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词。
定语从句的分类
定语从句的连接词分为关系代词that, who, whom, which, whose和关系副词where, when, why。初中阶段我们主要能辨认和理解关系代词引导的限制性定语从句就可以了。
考点 定语从句关系代词的用法
1. 先行词指人
(1)Do you know the girl (先行词) who/that is standing at the door?
你认识站在门口的那个女孩吗?
(2)The man that /who wrote the book is an English professor.
写这本书的那个人是一位英语教授。
◆关系代词指人,是从句的主语,用who或that,不可省。
(3)She is the singer that /who/whom I met last week.
她就是我上周遇见的那个歌手。
◆关系代词指人,是从句的宾语,用who, that或者whom,可省。
(4) This is the boy with whom I played basketball.
这就是那个和我打篮球的男孩。
◆关系代词指人,是从句中介词的宾语,且介词提前,只用whom,不可省。
2. 先行词指物
(1)Yesterday he swam across a river which/that is 100 meters wide.
昨天他游过了一条100米宽的河。
◆关系代词指物,是从句的主语,用which或that,不可省。
(2)The letter that/which I received was from my father.
我收到的那封信来自我的爸爸。
◆关系代词指物,是从句的宾语,用which或that,可省。
(3)This is the cage in which the parrot Polly lives.
这就是鹦鹉Polly住的那个笼子。
注意:(1)无论先行词指人还是指物,who/that/which在定语从句中作主语时,都不能省略。(2)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。
3. 先行词指物或指人,关系代词与其后面的名词存在物主关系,关系代词用whose。
I know the girl whose hair is long.我认识那个长发女孩。
Please pass me the book whose cover is red.请把那本红色封面的书递给我。
4. 宜用that的情况
(1)当先行词指物,又被the only、the very,形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
eg:America is the only foreign country that my father has ever visited.
美国是我爸爸曾经游览过的唯一一个外国国家。
The most beautiful park that I have visited is Beihai Park.
我参观过的最美丽的公园是北海公园。
(2)当先行词为 much, anything, everything, nothing, something等不定代词时。
eg:I have told them all (that) I know.我已经告诉了他们我所知道的一切。
(3)当先行词中既有人又有物时。
eg:The boy and the dog that are running in the street get wet all over.
正在街上跑着的男孩和狗浑身都湿透了。
(4)当主句中已有 who, which时。
eg:Who is the boy that wears a pair of sunglasses? 戴着一副太阳镜的男孩是谁?
Which is the book that you borrowed from Mike?哪一本是你从迈克那里借的书?
5.关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a. 先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk??
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b. 关系代词前有介词时,which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives.?
这是他居住的房间。

c. 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指事物时,用which, 而不用that。
例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy.?
汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
关系副词的用法
1. when指时间,其先行词表示时间,when在定语从句中作时间状语。
例如:
This was the time when he arrived.
这是他到达的时间。
2. where指地点,其先行词表示地点,where在定语从句中作地点状语。
例如:
This is place where he works.
这是他工作的地点。
hy 指原因,其先行词是原因,why在定语从句中做原因状语。
例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.?
没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。


2020中考定语从句精练一
1.?【2019 ??福建省中考】Du Fuguo is?a hero ______ is known to millions of Chinese?people.
A.?who????B.?which????C. what
2.?【2019 ??河南省中考】—Do you know the boy over there?—The one ______?is holding a ball? Oh, that's my neighbor Phil.
A. what????B. which????C.who????D.不填
3.?【2019 ??黑龙江省哈尔滨市】—Have?you?got?ready?for?the?soccer?game—Yes.?I've?done?everything?_______?I?can?to?win?the?game.A. who????B. that ????C.?which
4. 【2019 ??湖南省湘西州】—What kind of movies do you like?—I prefer movies?________?give me something to think about.
A.?that ????B.?what ?????C.?where
5.?【2019 ??山东省滨州市】—Do you know the man?________?spoke at the meeting just now?—No, I don't know.
A. what????B. who????C. which????D. whose
6.?【2019 ??湖南省郴州市】All the classmates enjoyed the cake?________?I made at the party. It was really delicious
A. that????B. who????C. what
7.?【2019 ??四川省成都市】—The boy?________?lost is crying there.—How do you know he gets lost?
A. whose????B. who????C. who's
8.?【2019 ??江苏省淮安市】The charities have helped more children with the money?________people raise.
A. who????B. what? ??C. where????D. which
9.?【2019 ??湖北省黄冈市】—Tomorrow is Father's Day. What's your surprise for your father?—The first thing?________?I will do is to make a card for him.
A. who????B. where? ?C. whose????D. that
10.?【2019 ??甘肃省兰州市】The movie?________?I have seen twice is?The Wandering Earth.
A. who????B. which? ??C. where????D. when
11.?【2019 ??四川省乐山市】—What are you looking for?—I'm looking for the storybook?________?you lent to me last week.
A. who????B. which????C. when
12.?【2019 ??山东省临沂市】Peppa Pig?(《小猪佩奇》) is a British cartoon?________?has been popular in China and is much loved by little children and their parents.
A. who????B. which????C. /
13.?【2019 ??四川省眉山市】Success always belongs to those?________?have tried their best to make their dreams come true.
A. who????B. whom????C. whose??D. which
14.?【2019 ??湖北省随州市】—What kind of movies do you like?—I prefer movies?________?give me something to think about.
A. which????B. who????C. what????D. when
15.?【2019 ??甘肃省武威市】I prefer?music?________?has great lyrics.
A. who????B. whose????C. that????D. /
16.?【2019 ??湖南省长沙市】China is getting better at making hi-tech products?________?can be bought in all parts of the world.
A. who????B. which????C. what
17.?【2019 ??广东省中考】Not all children?_______?watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.
A. whom????B. which? ??C. who????D. whose
18.?【2019 ??湖北省鄂州市】—Do you like the weekly talk show?The Readers?on CCTV?—Sure. It’s a great TV program?_______?can develop the habit of reading.
A. who????B. that????C. what????D. whose



精练二
?【2019 ??黑龙江省大庆市】The book?__________?I read last night was fantastic.
A. that????B. what? ??C. whose????D. who
2.?【2019 ??吉林省中考】Mr. Brown is a teacher?__________?is strict with all is students.
A. which????B. who????C. where
3.?【2019 ??甘肃省天水市】—Have you seen the film?The Wandering Earth(流浪地球) ?—Yes. It‘’s the best one?__________?I have ever seen.
A. that????B. which? ??C. what????D. it
4.?【2019 ??贵州省贵阳市】Wang Yangming is a great educationalist?_______?developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen.
A. which????B. what????C. who
5.?【2019 ??四川省内江市】The book?_________?was written by him is very interesting.
A. who????B. whom? ??C. which????D. /
6.?【2019 ??四川省遂宁市】My mother doesn‘’t like stories?__________?have sad endings.
A. that????B. who? ??C. where????D. those
7.?【2019 ??四川省达州市】—Frank,?look! Who are the children under the tree?________waiting in a line?—They are the students from No. 1 Primary School.
A. that are????B. where are? ?C. which is????D. who is
8.?【2019 ??内蒙古呼和浩特市】Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But would you like to sit on a seat?_______?tell you your weight?
A. / ??? ?B. who? ? ?C. whom ????????D. that
9.?【2019 ??湖南省湘潭市】On Monday April 15,2019,?the fire?________?broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world.
A. that????B. who????C. where
10.?【2019 ??广西省玉林市】—Hey,?Anna,?Would you like to see The White Storm with me?—You mean,?the new police story?_______?was filmed by Chen Musheng.
A. who????B. what? ??C. whose????D. which

精练一
1. A【解析】考查定语从句。根据先行词 hero 英雄,可知关系代词指代人,故选 A。
2. C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:——你知道那边的那个男孩吗?——那个拿球的男孩吗?哦,那是我邻居菲尔。先行词是the one,表示人,且关系词在定语从句中作主语,不能省略。故选C。
3. B【解析】本题考查定语从句,不定代词everything作先行词,故定语从句引导词用that。
4. A【解析】考查关系代词,本句是定语从句,先行词为movies,名词,从句中缺主语,结合语境,你喜欢什么电影?我更喜欢让我思考的电影。故选A。
5. B【解析】句意:——你认识刚才在会上讲话的那个人吗?——不,我不认识。考查关系词辨析。本句是定语从句,what不是关系词不可引导定语从句,可排除。who用于先行词是人时;which用于先行词是物时;whose表示物主,后面需接名词;本句先行词the man是人,根据句意结构和语境,可知选B。
6. A【解析】句意:所有的同学都喜欢我在聚会上做的蛋糕。真的很好吃。A. that 关系代词;先行词是人或物;B. who关系代词,先行词是人;C. what什么,不能引导宾语从句。I made at the party.是定语从句修饰先行词the cake,在这里是物,用关系词that。根据题意,故选A。
7. C【解析】句意:——那个迷路的男孩在那里哭。——你怎么知道他迷路了?考查定语从句。whose关系代词,先行词是人或物,在从句中作定语。who关系代词,先行词是人,在从句中做主语或宾语。本题先行词boy是人,并且从句部分缺少主语和谓语,且空格后无名词。所以选用关系代词who, be lost迷路。排除A,B。C. who’s=who is. 故选C。
8. D【解析】句意:慈善机构用人们筹集的钱帮助了更多的儿童。A. who关系词,先行词是人;B. what不能引导定语从句;C. where关系副词,在定语从句中做状语;D. which关系代词,先行词是物。people raise修饰the money,先行词是物,关系词用which引导。根据题意,故选D。
9. D【解析】句意:——明天就是父亲节了。你想给你的父亲什么样的惊喜?——我要做的第一件事就是为他做一张卡片。A. who谁;B. where哪里;C. whose谁的;D. that用来引出从句。当先行词是序数词或其被序数词修饰时,引导词用that来引导。空前面的先行词是The first thing,是序数词,因此本题的引导词应该用that。故选D。
10. B【解析】句意:我看过两次的电影是《流浪地球》。A. who谁,指人的引导词;B. which哪一个,指物的引导词;C. where哪里,指地点;D. when什么时间,指时间。本题考查定语从句。先行词是The movie,因此引导词用which。故选B。
11. B【解析】句意:——你正在找什么?——我正在找你上周借给我的故事书。本题考查定语从句。A. who指人,在从句中作主语和宾语;B. which指物,在从句中作主语和宾语;C. when表示时间,在从句中作状语。本句话中,先行词为the storybook,指物,且在从句中作宾语,故选B。
12.B【解析】句意:《小猪佩奇》是一部在中国很受欢迎的英国动画片,深受幼儿和父母的喜爱。根据句子结构,空后部分是作定语修饰British cartoon,所以是定语从句。先行词是British cartoon,是物,故选B。
13. A【解析】句意:成功总是属于那些尽他们最大的努力让他们梦想实现的人。本题考查定语从句。A.指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;B.指人,在从句中作宾语;C.指人或物,在从句中作定语;D. 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。本句话中,先行词为those,指人,且在从句中作主语,故选A。
14. A【解析】句意:——你喜欢什么种类的电影?——我更喜欢给我一些思考的东西的电影。A. which关系词,先行词是物;B. who关系词,先行词指人;C. what不能引导定语从句;D. when关系副词,在定语从句中做状语。先行词是movies指物,关系词用which。根据题意,故选A。
15. C【解析】句意:我喜欢有美妙的歌词的音乐。本题考查定语从句。A.指人,在从句中作主语和宾语;B.指人或物,在从句中作定语;C.指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;D.若that在从句中作宾语,that可省。本句话中先行词为music,指物,且在从句中作主语,用that,故选C。
16. B【解析】句意:中国在制造高科技产品方面很擅长,并且这些产品世界各地都能买到。此句考查定语从句的关系词。who引导定语从句时,先行词是人,who在从句中作主语或宾语;which引导定语从句时,先行词是物,which在从句中作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句。本句的先行词是hi-tech products,指物,用which来引导,故答案为B。
17. C【解析】whom关系代词,先行词是人,在从句中作宾语。which关系代词,先行词是物,在从句中作主语和宾语。who关系代词,先行词是人,在从句中作主语和宾语。whose关系代词,先行词是人或物,在从句中作定语。根据句子结构,可知先行词是children(人),并且从句中缺少主语,所以用关系代词who;故选C。
18. B【解析】定语从句的先行词是program,故应选B。

精练二
1. A【解析】句意:我昨晚读的那本书真是太棒了。此句考查定语从句的关系词。A. that先行词是人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语;B. what不能引导定语从句;C. whose先行词是人或物,在从句中作定语;D. who先行词是人,在从句中作主语或宾语。本句的先行词book指物,用that来引导,故答案为A。
2. B【解析】句意"布朗是一个对所有的学生都严格的老师"。本题考查定语从句。A.指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;B.指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;C.表示地方,在从句中作地点状语。本句话中先行词为a teacher,指人,在从句中作主语,故选B。
【点睛】做定语从句的题时,可先将先行词还原到句中。其次选择关系词,要先看先行词指人、指物还是既指人又指物。二要看从句中做何种成分,从而做出正确的判断。
3. A【解析】句意:——你看过《流浪地球》这部电影吗?——这是我看到过的电影中最好的一部。此句考查定语从句的关联词,that/which可以引导定语从句,what,it不能引导定语从句,首先排除C,D;先行词是不定代词one,前面被形容词的最高级best修饰,引导词只能用that不能用which,故答案为A.
4. C【解析】句意:王阳明是教育界的一位伟大的教育家,他的大部分思想都是在修文中发展起来的。A. which关系词,引导定语从句,先行词是物;B. what不能引导定语从句;C. who关系词,引导定语从句,先行词是人,根据 educationalist指人,所以用who,故选C。
5. C【解析】句意:他写的那本书很有趣。考查关系代词。A. who代指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;B. whom代指人,在定语从句中作宾语;C. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语;D. /为不填。首先分析句子结构,可知本句为定语从句,先行词the book为物,而且从句中缺主语,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用which;故答案选C。
6. A【解析】根据句意:我妈妈不喜欢有悲伤的结局的故事. 可知考查定语从句的关系代词,先行词是stories,指物。作主语 ,关系代词用that/which,故选A。
7. A【解析】根据句意:——弗兰克,你看!树下排队的孩子们是谁? ——他们是来第一小学的学生。可知先行词是children,指人,作主语,故选代词用who/that,先行词是复数,动词用are。故选A。
8. D【解析】句意:散步后坐下来是放松的. 但是你愿意坐在一个能告诉你体重的座位上吗?考查定语从句的关系代词,先行词是 seat,指物。作主语 ,关系代词用that/which,故选D。
9. A【解析】根据句意:2019年4月15日,周一,巴黎圣母院发生的大火震惊了全世界。可知考查定语从句的关系代词,先行词是 fire,指物,作主语,关系代词用which/that。故选A。
10. D【解析】根据句意:——嗨,安娜,你想和我一起看《白色风暴》吗?——你是指陈慕生拍摄的新警察故事。可知考查定语从句的关系代词,先行词是story,指物。作主语,关系代词用which/that,故选D。