专题(一) 名词
语法综合演练
Ⅰ.句意填词
1.Although the students in Grade 9 are under a lot of , we can still deal with it well.?
2.The sun rises in the and falls in the west.?
3.I can't get the right when I read the word. So I usually feel bad.?
4.Gina was so pleased to receive so many on her birthday.?
5.The volunteers took some toys to the hospital to cheer the sick up.?
6.The Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils (《天龙八部》) is a famous written by Jin Yong.?
7.Where is your home? I need to write down your and telephone number.?
8.All the strangers should be stopped by the at the school gate.?
9.Keep on studying hard, and then you'll have a to achieve your dream.?
10.Young people usually have more than the old. They seldom feel tired.?
11.Don't worry. We won't get lost. I have a good of direction.?
12.Zhang Yimou has made lots of films and he is a very famous in China.?
13.Eating on the eve of the Spring Festival is a traditional Chinese custom.?
14.Science is one of my favorite . What about yours??
15.Tina has made great in this exam. She got an A.?
Ⅱ.单项选择
16.—Try the coat on, please.
—Oh, the doesn't fit me. Can you bring me a larger one??
A.size B.style C.price
17.—What is the of your excellent driving skill??
—Practice makes perfect!
A.speed B.effort C.secret
18.If you make a , you should carry it out. Otherwise, you will not be trusted.?
A.program B.project C.promise
19.Tea is not only a drink but also a kind of .?
A.knowledge B.culture C.friendship
20.It's necessary for us to form a of never putting off anything today till tomorrow.?
A.custom B.habit C.tradition
21.[2019·苏州改编]—Keep quiet! I need complete when I'm working.?
—Sorry, Dad. I won't make any noise again.
A.trust B.silence C.control
22.[2019·菏泽]—The relations between my parents have become difficult. What should I do?
—You could do more jobs around the house so that they have more time for proper .?
A.instrument
B.communication
C.community
23.[2019·滨州改编]After years of war, the people in Syria are thirsty for . ?
A.price B.noise C.peace
24.[2019·黄冈改编]—Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?
—I'm afraid that we have no but to take a taxi.?
A.idea B.decision C.choice
25.[2019·镇江改编]When I think of the worried of foreign students who are learning Chinese, I can go to study English calmly.?
A.looks B.designs C.efforts
26.The Chinese saying “A tree can't make a forest” tells us that is very important in a football match.?
A. ability B. decision C. teamwork
27.On September 3 there will be some in China to celebrate the 70-year victory of the Anti-Japanese War. ?
A. actions B. projects C. activities
28.—I'm tired out these days.
—Well, you'd better keep a between work and play.?
A. promise B. balance C. secret
29.—Finding information is not a big deal today.
—Well, the is how we can tell whether the information is useful or not.?
A. courage B. message C. challenge
30.—A study shows that good habits play a very important in children's education.?
—I think so.
A. sense B. part C. reason
Ⅲ.方框选词
选用方框中的选项完成下列各句。
A.chance B.men's C.pleasure D.pride E.leaves
31.—Could you please give me a lift from the town?
—Yes, with .?
32.The trees lose their in autumn. The ground turns blonde.?
33.Be quiet and give her a to explain, or it's unfair.?
34.On April 24, Xie Wenjun raced to gold in the 110-meter hurdles at the Asian Athletics Championships in Qatar.?
35.You can see the on our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the last 70 years.?
【参考答案】
Ⅰ.1.pressure 2.east 3.pronunciation
4.presents/gifts 5.children/kids 6.novel
7.address 8.guard(s) 9.chance 10.energy
11.sense 12.director 13.dumplings
14.subjects 15.progress
Ⅱ.16.A 17.C 18.C 19.B 20.B
21.B 考查名词辨析。根据“保持安静!”和答语中的“我不会再制造任何噪声了”可知,此处表示“我在工作的时候需要完全的安静”,故选B。
22.B 考查名词词义辨析。句意:“我父母之间的关系变得很紧张,我该怎么办?”“你可以多做些家务以便于他们有更多的时间进行恰当的交流。”instrument仪器;communication交流;community社区。要化解父母的紧张关系,只有设法让他们进行合适的交流。故选B。
23.C 考查名词词义辨析。price价格;noise噪声;peace和平。由句意“在几年的战争之后,叙利亚人渴望和平。”可知,C项符合句意。
24.C 根据答语“but to take a taxi”可知别无选择,故选C。
25.A 考查名词辨析。句意:当我想到学习汉语的外国学生焦虑的表情时,我会冷静地去学英语。根据句中形容词“worried焦虑的”及副词“calmly冷静地”可知“外国学生学中文, 我学习英语”都不是容易的事情,故应该是想起外国学生焦虑的表情。故选A。
26.C 27.C 28.B 29.C 30.B
Ⅲ.31—35 CEABD
1
(共29张PPT)
专题（一）
名词
第二篇 语法专题突破
考点一 可数名词
1.可数名词的复数形式
(1)规则变化
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加-s map→maps bag→bags
book→books
以s, x, sh, ch等结尾的词 加-es bus→buses watch→watches
wish→wishes box?boxes
(特例:stomach→stomachs)
（续表）
情况 构成方法 例词
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 去y,再加-ies baby→babies city→cities
以“元音字母+y”结尾的词 加-s monkey→monkeys
holiday→holidays
以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词 表示无生命的词,加-s photo→photos piano→pianos
（续表）
情况 构成方法 例词
以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词 表示有生命的词,加-es Negro→Negroes
hero→heroes
potato→potatoes
tomato→tomatoes
【巧学妙记】黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。
（续表）
情况 构成方法 例词
以“元音字母+o”结尾的词 加-s zoo→zoos radio→radios
kangaroo→kangaroos
video→videos
以f或fe 结尾的词 大多数变f或fe为ve,
再加-s shelf→shelves thief→thieves
knife→knives leaf→leaves wolf→wolves
【巧学妙记】
名词变复数变f/fe为ve,再加-s的单词:
树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄,
妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf),
架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命忙。
(2)不规则变化
类别 构成方法 例词
复合
名词 将主体名词变为复数 girl friend→girl friends
boy student→boy students
looker-on(旁观者)→lookers-on
man 和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,两部分都变为复数 man doctor→men doctors
woman teacher→women teachers
sport修饰名词时,无论主体词是单数还是复数,sport通常用复数形式 a sports club
sports shoes
（续表）
类别 构成方法 例词
特殊
名词 改变单数名词中的元音字母 foot→feet tooth→teeth
man→men
woman→women
mouse→mice
(特例:boot的复数形式为boots)
词尾加-en或-ren ox→oxen(公牛)
child→children
（续表）
类别 构成方法 例词
特殊
名词 单复数形式相同 sheep→sheep deer→deer
spacecraft→spacecraft
只有复数形式 trousers glasses(眼镜)
clothes pants jeans
scissors
表示“某国人”的名词的单、复数形式 单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese
Japanese→Japanese
（续表）
类别 构成方法 例词
特殊
名词 表示“某国人”的名词的单、复数形式 变词尾的man为men Englishman→Englishmen
Frenchman→Frenchmen
词尾加-s German→Germans
Roman→Romans
American→Americans
Canadian→Canadians
【巧学妙记】中日不变,英法变, 其他后面加-s
2.集体名词的数
(1)集体名词以单数形式出现,但实为复数,如people(人们), police(警察)。如果要表达单数形式则要用其他名词。
一名警察 a police(×) a policeman/policewoman(√)
一个人 a people(×) a person(√)
(2)集体名词以单数形式出现, 但实为复数,如family, class, team等,它们作主语,强调整体时谓语动词用单数形式,强调整体中的各个成员时谓语动词则用复数形式。
[注意] 以s结尾但仍为单数的名词,如maths, politics, physics等学科名词(不可数名词),news(不可数名词)和the United States等。以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸名、杂志名等也视为单数。
考点二 不可数名词
1.不可数名词的量化表达:不可数名词是不能用数量计算的名词,没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词a/an或数词表示量。
(1)表示不定数量时,一般用some, much, a little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等来表示。
一些水 some water;一点儿牛奶 a little milk
(2)表示确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构。当数词大于1时,后面的量词要用复数形式。
一片面包 a piece of bread;两杯水 two glasses of water;三袋米 three bags of rice
[注意] a lot of, lots of, some, plenty of等既能修饰可数名词复数,又能修饰不可数名词。
【归纳】 常见的不可数名词见下表:
类别 例词
液体类 water, milk, juice, orange, coffee, tea, Coke, rain, wine
肉类 meat, fish, chicken, beef, pork, mutton
语言类 Chinese, Japanese, English, French, German
材料类 paper, glass, grass, bamboo, silk, cotton, wood, plastic, hair
其他类 snow, ice, weather, music, money, homework, housework, information, rubbish
2.既可数又不可数的名词
有些名词既能用作可数名词又能用作不可数名词,但意义不同。
词语 可数名词意义 不可数名词意义
chicken 鸡 鸡肉
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
work 作品 工作
room 房间 空间
time 次数 时间
（续表）
词语 可数名词意义 不可数名词意义
experience 经历 经验
fruit 各种水果 水果
food 各种食物 食物
paper 试卷;论文 纸
exercise 练习 锻炼
考点三 名词所有格
1.名词所有格用于表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种形式: 一种是词尾加's ;另一种是介词of后加名词。
2.名词所有格的构成规则如下
类别 构成方法 举例
有生命
的名词 一般在词尾加“'s” the boy's bag 男孩的书包
以-s,-es结尾的复数名词在词尾加“'” Teachers' Day 教师节
不以-s,-es结尾的复数名词在词尾加“'s” Women's Day妇女节
（续表）
类别 构成方法 举例
有生命
的名词 如果两个名词并列,且分别有“'s”,则表示“分别所有”;若只在后一个名词后有“'s”,则表示“共有” Kate's and Mary's rooms凯特和玛丽各自的房间(两个房间)
Kate and Mary's room凯特和玛丽共有的房间(一个房间)
双重所有格的两种形式:of+名词所有格;of+名词性物主代词 a friend of my sister's
我姐姐的一个朋友
a friend of mine我的一个朋友
（续表）
类别 构成方法 举例
有生命
的名词 “'s”可表示店铺或某人的家,其后的名词一般可省略 at the doctor's 在诊所
at Li Lei's 在李雷家
somebody,everybody等不定代词与else连用时,“'s”加在else后面 somebody else's book
别人的书
（续表）
类别 构成方法 举例
无生命
的名词 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的事物的名词,也可加“'s”或“'”来构成所有格 two days' holiday 两天的假期
用“名词+of+名词”的结构来构成所有格 the title of the song
歌曲的名字
考点四 名词的功能
1.作主语
My sister likes reading and traveling, and I like swimming. 我姐姐喜欢阅读和旅行。我喜欢游泳。
Two hours is enough for me to finish the homework.
对我来说两个小时已经足够完成作业了。
2.作定语
(1)名词作定语,一般用单数形式,如computer game电脑游戏, country music乡村音乐
(2)个别名词作定语,要用复数形式,如clothes store服装店, sports meeting运动会
(3)复合名词作定语,其结构为“数词+连字符+名词单数”,也可以用“数词+名词所有格”形式,如a three-day holiday=three days' holiday 为期三天的假期
考点五 名词构词法——派生法
后缀 表达意义 例词
-er 从事某事的人 singer歌手, teacher老师
-or 从事某事的人 visitor游客, actor演员,
inventor发明家
-ese 某地人 Chinese中国人,
Japanese日本人
-ian 精通……的人 musician音乐家,
magician魔术师
-ist 专业人员 artist艺术家, scientist科学家
（续表）
后缀 表达意义 例词
-ment 性质,状态 development发展,
apartment公寓
-ness 性质,状态 kindness善良, sadness悲哀
-tion 动作,过程 relation联系, protection保护
-ing 物品,事情 meeting会议, building建筑物
句意填词
1.[2019·吉林]The coldest season of the year is .?
2.[2018·吉林]I've heard many beautiful clothes are on____________________ in the clothes store.Let's go shopping now.?
3.[2018·长春]These students always sing an English before class.?
4.[2017·吉林]Mulan took her father‘s to fight in the army.?
5.[2017·长春]There's no doubt that is the coldest season of the year in China.?
winter
sale/show/display
song
place
winter
6.[2016·吉林]He was very excited to buy a to that basketball game.?
7.[2016·长春]You must return the book in fifteen days.It's a of our library.?
8.[2015·吉林]My mother was cooking in the when I came back home.?
9.[2014·吉林]—What is your favorite ? ?
—Spring.Because it is neither too hot nor too cold.
ticket
rule
kitchen
season
