阅读理解
一、教学目标：
分析历年阅读理解题目的考情
使同学们了解阅读理解常见题目类型及应答技巧
使同学们了解阅读理解题目的答题步骤
二、教学重难点：
了解阅读理解常见题目类型及应答技巧，并做到熟练应用
了解阅读理解题目的答题步骤，并熟练应用
三、教学步骤：
课程早知道
阅读理解考情分析
中考阅读理解四大题型及解题技巧
中考真题再现
总结阅读理解题的答题步骤
考情概览
阅读理解是中考英语最重要的题型之一，它旨在考査学生的语篇阅读、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地阅读短文,获取其中的主要信息,做出正确的判断。
Four types of questions 四种常考题目类型
细节理解题
主旨大意题
词义猜测题
推理判断题
细节理解题的分析
细节理解题的考查内容：
细节理解题主要考察同学们对于事实和细节的理解能力，这类题目比较简单，一般都可以在文中直接或间接找出答案。细节理解题涉及的内容很广，如时间，地点，人物，数据，原因，结果等，多以5个W(who、what、when、where、which）1个H(how）等疑问词开头，对文章的具体内容进行提问。
细节理解题的常见提问方式：
1） According to the passage, who (what, why, where, when，how many/much, how long)….?
2）Which of the following isn't mentioned?
3）Which of the following is True/Not True?
3.细节理解题的解题技巧：
1）找准题干关键词，然后带入原文定位寻找并勾画答案；
2）迅速找出文章中的有关事实细节或某一具体信息,与选项进行一一对照，找出原文与选项之间的不同或相同点
3）同时要注意排除鱼龙混杂的干扰选项。
4.真题再现
Shakespeare was born in 1564 in England. At school he liked watching plays. He decided to be an actor when he finished school at the age of fourteen. In 1582, he married a farmer’s daughter. She was eight years older than he was.
1. Shakespeare decided to be an actor in ___.
A. 1578 B. 1582 C. 1599 D. 1616
Assistant Needed
An assistant is needed in the Pizza Hut. He / She must be healthy and should have an interest in making pizza. More importantly, he/she should have work experience in a restaurant.
This advertisement tells us that _______.
A. the assistant must be a man.
B. the assistant must have once worked in a restaurant.
C. the assistant must be good at making pizza.
D. Work experience isn’t necessary.
答案：A B
(五)主旨大意题的相关分析。
1.主旨大意题的考查内容
此类题目主要考察同学们对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握情况。大多数题目针对文章的主题思想、文章标题或作者的态度、写作目的等进行设置。
2.主旨大意题 的常见的提问形式:
归纳大意类
1)What is the passage mainly about?
2)The main idea of the passage is__________.
3)What can we learn from the passage?
选择标题类：
4)What’s the best title for this passage?
5)The best title for the passage might be______.
写作目的类
6)The writer’s /author’s purpose is_______.
7) The purpose of the article is to_______.
3.主旨大意题 的解题技巧:
最有效的办法是找出主题句。抓住了主题句就等于掌握了文章的主题思想。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种： 主题句在段首或篇首，
主题句在段末或篇末无主题句。所以要重点关注首句和末句，对语篇结构进行系统的分析，归纳总结出文章大意,既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分
4.主旨大意类题目真题再现
1）Now scientists have told us some good news to fight travel sickness. Choose an aisle(过道) seat on a plane, train and sit in the front of a car. Avoid standing. Always face the same way that you’re travelling and leave your books at home.
The paragraph is mainly about ________ ?
A.Where to sit on a plane
B. When to travel
C.How to prevent travel sickness
D. Why we shouldn’t stand
2） New York, London, Paris and other big cities are exciting places to live in. There and there are too many people moving to some big cities. And too many people in a small space make it hard to keep the cities safe and clean.
But there are serious problems in big cities too. The cost of living is high, and there are too many people moving to some big cities. And too many people in a small space make it hard to keep the cities safe and clean.
So some people enjoy living in big cities but others do not.
The best title for the passage might be______.
A.Big cities B. New York, London, and Paris
C . Exciting places to live in D. Serious problems in big cities
答案：C DA
(六)猜测词义类题目分析
1. 词义猜测题的考查内容:
此类题型考察学生们的分析判断能力，要求我们能运用各种方式来猜测生词词义，而且，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。
2. 词义猜测题的常见命题方式:
1）The word ” __ ” in the passage probably means____.
2）The underlined word “it” refers to________.
3）What does the underlined word ”___” mean in Chinese ?
4）The underlined word has the same meaning as______.
5）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word_____.
3. 词义猜测题的解题技巧: 7大必杀技
定义或释义猜词法：利用表达该词定义或释义的句子
同义词反义词猜词法：利用上下文提供的近义词，同义词或反义词
举例猜词法：根据上下文举例说明进行猜测
构词猜词法：根据积累的构词法、合成词等知识猜词义
5） 生活常识猜词法：根据生活常识
6）上下文语境猜词法：根据上下文语境，因果关系等进行猜测
7）代入法：将备选答案逐一带入文中，符合上下文逻辑关系的，则为正确答案。
题意猜测类题目真题再现
1）Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean . Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are floating around out there. And most plastic won’t disappear itself. It will remain in the ocean forever. Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps. It endangers ocean life .
The underlined word endangers probably means____
brings B loses C. harms D saves
2）People who have these devices use them mainly for listening to music, checking the weather, and setting timers.According to a report from The Information, nowadays voice shopping is rare. But many scientists predict a boom(增长)in voice shoppinng in the near future. Is that a good thing?
The underlined word “rare”in this paragraph probably means___
A. unusua B.expensive C. harmful D.Impossible
3）You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt, so you are very defensive.
What’s the meaning of the underlined word “defensive” ?
A. 易怒的 B. 攻击性的 C. 外向的 D. 有戒心的
答案：C A D
(七)推理判断题目分析
1. 推理判断题的考查内容:
此类型题目着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。需透过现象看本质，即要求学生在理解原文文字表面信息的基础上，做出一定的推理和判断，从而得到文章的隐含含义和深层含义。
此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理、故事的结局、寓意、文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。
2. 推理判断题常见的题目形式:
1）We can infer from the text that_____
2）We can learn from the passage that____
3）This passage may be taken from_____
4）According to the passage , what would happen next?
5）The writer suggests(暗示） that____
6）what does the writer think of _____ ?
3.推理判断题的应答技巧
1）. 做这类题目时，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要领悟隐含在字里行间的内涵，体会作者的言外之意、弦外之音。
2）. 推理判断时一定要以原文内容为前提，从作者的观点去思考，切勿凭个人观点、习惯看法来选择答案。
3）3推理判断题的干扰选项常见特点:
选项只是原文的简单复述，而非推断的结论。
选项内容看似符合原文, 但在细节处与原文不符。
选项的内容有可能符合常识判断，但不是在文章基础上推断出的。
选项内容推理过头，太过绝对。
部分选项内容纯属编造。
4.推理判断题的真题再现：
1）Duke Ellington is known as one of the most important composers(作曲家) of his time, and his works have been enjoyed for more than 80 years by music lovers all over the world. During his lifetime Ellington turned musical sounds into many compositions, mostly in the style of Jazz.
We may infer from the passage that ___________.
Ellington’s works disappeared quickly.
Ellington loves travelling around the world.
Ellington could compose all kinds of songs.
Ellington had a great influence on the world of music.
2）Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news.
According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV? _______
You often play football with your friends after school.
Your teacher has got a cold.
A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t been caught.
The bike in front of your house is lost.
答案： D C
(八) 阅读理解题的答题步骤：
阅读理解题在试卷中占有非常重要的地位,可以说成也阅读理解，败也阅读理解，因此很有必要掌握阅读理解的解题技巧,一般来说,做阅读理解题时可以分为以下几步:
1.快速的浏览全文，初步了解材料的主要内容，以及所涉及的主要方面。了解作者的观点和写作意图。
2.细读问题，明确要求，做到心中有数、有的放矢。
3.带着问题去复读，迅速定位，找准关键词或句子， 边读边做标记，细心作答，先易后难，运用排除法。
4.重读原文，澄清疑点，仔细斟酌核对答案，，提高答题的准确性。
(共32张PPT)
英语中考之阅读理解专项
课程早知道
1
2
3
中考真题再现
阅读理解考情分析
中考阅读理解四大题型及解题技巧
4
总结阅读理解题的答题步骤
阅读理解是中考英语最重要的题型之一，它旨在考査学生的语篇阅读、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地阅读短文,获取其中的主要信息,做出正确的判断。
考情概览
01
03
02
04
Four types of questions 四种题目类型
词义猜测题
Word guessing
细节理解题
Details
主旨大意题
Main ideas
推理判断题
Reading inference
细节理解题的考查内容:
细节理解题主要考察同学们对于事实和细节的理解能力，这类题目比较简单，一般都可以在文中直接或间接找出答案。细节理解题涉及的内容很广，如时间，地点，人物，数据，原因，结果等，多以5个W(who、what、when、where、which）1个H(how）等疑问词开头，对文章的具体内容进行提问。
细节理解题常见的提问形式:
1） According to the passage, who (what, why, where, when，how many/much, how long)….?
2）Which of the following isn't mentioned?
3）Which of the following is True/Not True?
细节理解题的解题技巧:
1.找准题干关键词，然后带入原文定位,寻找并勾画答案。
2.找出文章中的有关事实细节后，将原文与选项进行一一对照，找出原文与选项之间的不同或相同点。
3.同时要注意排除鱼龙混杂的干扰选项。
YY: 有时啊，正确选项并不是照搬原文，可能在句式上做出改变，但干扰选项却与原文非常相似，但有的不是题目要求的内容，有的在程度上做出改变，有的与原文意义完全相反等，大家一定要耐心的排除这些干扰选项。，但
Shakespeare was born in 1564 in England. At school he liked watching plays. He decided to be an actor when he finished school at the age of fourteen. In 1582, he married a farmer’s daughter. She was eight years older than he was.
真题再现
1. Shakespeare decided to be an actor in ___.
A. 1578 B. 1582 C. 1599 D. 1616
A
Assistant Needed
An assistant is needed in the Pizza Hut. He / She must be healthy and should have an interest in making pizza. More importantly, he/she should have work experience in a restaurant.
This advertisement tells us that _______.
A. The assistant must be a man.
B. The assistant must have once worked in a restaurant.
C. The assistant must be good at making pizza.
D. Work experience isn’t necessary.
B
真题再现
01
03
02
04
Four types of questions 四种题目类型
词义猜测题
Word guessing
细节理解题
Details
主旨大意题
Main ideas
推理判断题
Reading inference
主旨大意题 的考查内容:
此类题目主要考察同学们对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握情况。大多数题目针对文章的主题思想、文章标题或作者的态度、写作目的等进行设置。
1)What is the passage mainly about?
2)The main idea of the passage is__________.
3)What can we learn from the passage?
4)What’s the best title for this passage?
5)The best title for the passage might be______.
6)The writer’s /author’s purpose is_______.
7) The purpose of the article is to_______.
主旨大意题 的常见的提问形式:
归纳大意类
选择标题类
写作目的类
主旨大意题 的解题技巧:
最有效的办法是找出主题句。抓住了主题句就等于掌握了文章的主题思想。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：
主题句在段首或篇首
主题句在段末或篇末
无主题句
重点关注首句和末句
对语篇结构进行系统的分析，归纳总结出文章大意,既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
真题再现
Now scientists have told us some good news to fight travel sickness. Choose an aisle(过道) seat on a plane, train and sit in the front of a car. Avoid standing. Always face the same way that you’re travelling and leave your books at home.
The paragraph is mainly about ________ ?
Where to sit on a plane B. When to travel
C.How to prevent travel sickness D. Why we shouldn’t stand
C
New York, London, Paris and other big cities are exciting places to live in. There are many interesting things to see and to do. You can go to different kinds of museums, cinemas and theatres. You can also go shopping to buy things from all over the world.
But there are serious problems in big cities too. The cost of living is high, and there are too many people moving to some big cities. And too many people in a small space make it hard to keep the cities safe and clean.
So some people enjoy living in big cities but others do not.
6)The best title for the passage might be______.
Big cities B. New York, London, and Paris
C . Exciting places to live in D. Serious problems in big cities
真题再现
A
01
03
02
04
Four types of questions 四种题目类型
细节理解题
Details
主旨大意题
Main ideas
推理判断题
Reading inference
词义猜测题
Word guessing
词义猜测题的考查内容:
此类题型考察学生们的分析判断能力，要求我们能运用各种方式来猜测生词词义，而且，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。
词义猜测题的常见提问方式:
1.The word ” __ ” in the passage probably means____.
2.The underlined word “it” refers to________.
3.What does the underlined word ”___” mean in Chinese ?
4.The underlined word has the same meaning as______.
5.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word_____.
词义猜测题的解题技巧: 7大必杀技
定义或释义猜词法：利用表达该词定义或释义的句子
同义词反义词猜词法：利用上下文提供的近义词，同义词或反义词
举例猜词法：根据上下文举例说明进行猜测
构词猜词法：根据积累的构词法、合成词等知识猜词义
生活常识猜词法：根据生活常识
上下文语境猜词法：根据上下文语境，因果关系等进行猜测
代入法：将备选答案逐一带入文中，符合上下文逻辑关系的，则为正确答案。
Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean . Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic pieces are floating around out there. And most plastic won’t disappear itself. It will remain in the ocean forever. Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps. It endangers ocean life .
The underlined word endangers probably means____
brings B loses C. harms D saves
真题再现 2019 ，衢州
c
Tip : 利用构词法猜测词义。
Tip : en +large enlarge (扩大） weak + en weaken （削弱）
People who have these devices use them mainly for listening to music, checking the weather, and setting timers.According to a report from The Information, nowadays voice shopping is rare. But many scientists predict a boom(增长)in voice shoppinng in the near future. Is that a good thing?
The underlined word “rare”in this paragraph probably means___
A. unusua B.expensive C. harmful D.Impossible
真题再现2019台州阅读C节选
A
Tip : 利用反义词法猜测词义。
You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt, so you are very defensive.
真题再现
What’s the meaning of the underlined word “defensive” ?
A. 易怒的 B. 攻击性的 C. 外向的 D. 有戒心的
Tip : 利用上下文语境因果关系猜测词义。
D
01
03
02
04
Four types of questions 四种题目类型
词义猜测题
Word guessing
细节理解题
Details
主旨大意题
Main ideas
推理判断题
Reading inference
推理判断题的考查内容:
此类型题目着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。需透过现象看本质，即要求学生在理解原文文字表面信息的基础上，做出一定的推理和判断，从而得到文章的隐含含义和深层含义。
此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理、故事的结局、寓意、文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。
推理判断题常见的题目形式:
1）We can infer from the text that_____
2）We can learn from the passage that____
3）This passage may be taken from_____
4）According to the passage , what would happen next?
5）The writer suggests(暗示） that____
6）what does the writer think of _____ ?
推理判断题的应答技巧:
1.做这类题目时，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要领悟隐含在字里行间的内涵，体会作者的言外之意、弦外之音。
2.推理判断时一定要以原文内容为前提，从作者的观点去思考，切勿凭个人观点、习惯看法来选择答案。
3.善用排除法排除干扰选项。
Duke Ellington is known as one of the most important composers(作曲家) of his time, and his works have been enjoyed for more than 80 years by music lovers all over the world. During his lifetime Ellington turned musical sounds into many compositions, mostly in the style of Jazz.
真题再现
We may infer from the passage that ___________.
Ellington’s works disappeared quickly.
Ellington loves travelling around the world.
Ellington could compose all kinds of songs.
Ellington had a great influence on the world of music.
D
真题再现
Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news.
According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV? _______
You often play football with your friends after school.
Your teacher has got a cold.
A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t been caught.
The bike in front of your house is lost.
C
danger
bad
interesting
unusual
阅读理解题在试卷中占有非常重要的地位,可以说成也阅读理解，败也阅读理解，因此很有必要掌握阅读理解的解题技巧,一般来说,做阅读理解题时可以分为以下几步:
阅读理解题的答题步骤
01
02
03
04
1.快速的浏览全文，初步了解材料的主要内容，以及所涉及的主要方面。了解作者的观点和写作意图。
4.重读原文，澄清疑点，仔细斟酌核对答案，提高答题的准确性。
2.细读问题，明确要求，做到心中有数、有的放矢。
3.带着问题去复读，迅速定位，找准关键词或句子， 边读边做标记，细心作答，先易后难，运用排除法。
做好阅读理解题的四个步骤
你学到了么?
1
2
3
中考真题再现
阅读理解考情分析
中考阅读理解四大题型及解题技巧
4
总结阅读理解题的答题步骤
Thanks for listening
