课件45张PPT。备考2020英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习专题八 动词和动词短语考点分析 根据意义和在句中的功能，动词可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四类. 分析近几年的中考真题可知，实义动词词义辨析是必考点，在单项填空中每年考查1～2道，在完形填空中每年考查4～7道；感官动词是偶考点，近6年在单项填空中考查2次；情态动词是必考点，每年1道。其余未设题考查。考点梳理思维导图考点精析考点一 实义动词的用法 根据动词后是否带有宾语，分为及物动词和不及物动词。
(1)及物动词：一般情况下都可以跟名词、代词、反身代词、动名词等作宾语。
①跟单宾语的及物动词：只跟一个宾语的及物动词称为单宾语及物动词。如：
accept接受 borrow借 enjoy喜欢 put放 worry担心 use使用
如：We can use less water and plant more trees.我们可以用更少的水并且种植更多的树。考点精析 ②跟双宾语的及物动词：可以同时跟两个宾语的及物动词称为双宾语及物动词。动词直接涉及的事物称为直接宾语，动词所表示的动作涉及到的人称为间接宾语。如：
return归还 bring带来 give给 hand传递 pass传递 pay付款 choose选择 buy买 find发现
如：I’ll bring the old people some flowers.我将给老人带来一些花。考点精析 (2)不及物动词：一般情况下都不可以接宾语，但当不及物动词和介词或副词一起使用时，可以接宾语。如：
A traffic accident happened yesterday afternoon.昨天下午发生了一起交通事故。
I live in a noisy neighborhood.我住在一个吵闹的社区。[七(下)Unit 8 P47]考点精析(1)延续性动词表示一种可持续的行为过程或状态,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用,如“for+一段时间”、“since+从句”、“since+表示时间点的名词”等。
I have lived in Beijing for 13 years. 我在北京已经住了13年了。
I have been like this since Friday.从周五开始我就一直这样。
(2)非延续性动词表示动作或过程是短暂瞬间完成的,不可以和表示时间段的状语连用。
(误)I have bought the bike for three years.
(正) I have had the bike for three years.
这辆自行车我买了三年了。延续性动词和非延续性动词考点精析常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换考点精析 连系动词指连接主语和表语的动词，用以说明主语的身份、性质、特征及状态，只有主动形式。可分为以下四种类别：
(1)“存在”类：表示存在或具有某种特征或状态。只有be一词。
如：He is a teacher.他是一名老师。
(2)“持续”类：表示某种情况或状态的持续。常见的有 remain, keep, stay, stand等。如：
She always keeps silent whenever I see her. 不管我什么时候看见她，她总是保持沉默。
(3)“变化”类：表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。常见的有：become, turn, grow, go, get等。如：
Soon the man became famous. 不久这个人就出名了。考点精析(4)感官动词考点精析考点三 助动词助动词(v.aux.)本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词有be，have，shall(should)，will(would)和do。助动词在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。
功能
①表示时态。如： She is washing clothes. 她正在洗衣服。
②表示语态。如：He was sent to England. 他被派往了英国。
③构成疑问句。如：Have you handed it in to your teacher？你把它上交给你的老师了吗？
④与否定副词not连用，构成否定句。如：
This doesn’t only happen in China. 这不仅仅发生在中国。
⑤加强语气，表示强调。如：He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。考点精析(1)助动词be有下列几种形式：考点精析助动词be的功能有两个：与现在分词构成各种进行时态；和过去分词构成各种被动语态。
We are playing basketball.我们正在打篮球。
(2)助动词have有下列几种形式：
考点精析助动词have与过去分词一起构成各种完成时态。
(3)助动词do有下列几种形式：
助动词do的功能有四个：构成疑问句、否定句，作代动词和加强语气。
Do you live in Beijing？你住在北京吗？考点精析(4)助动词will(过去式是would)和shall(过去式是should)有下列几种形式：考点精析情态动词本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、语气或情态等，如“可能”、“应当”。它们不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词一起作谓语。情态动词多数没有人称和数的变化。主要有：can/could，may/might，must，need，dare，will/would，shall/should等。
(1)can的用法：①表示能力，意为“能、会”；②表示推测，意为“可能”；③表示请求允许，意为“可以”。以can开头的一般疑问句，其肯定和否定回答分别用can和can't。
He can look after himself.他能照料自己。情态动词考点精析(2)may 的用法：①表示请求、许可，意为“可以”；②表示猜测，意为“可能、也许”等。can与may均可用来征求意见或允许，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用；③以may开头的一般疑问句，其肯定回答应用may，而其否定回答则多用mustn't，而不用may not。
(3)must的用法：①表示“必须、应该”；②表示推测，“一定”。must表示推测时一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句中一般应用can，否定句中也用may，但may not表示“可能不”，而can't表示“不可能”。否定句中，mustn't表示禁止，意为“不允许”；③以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答应用must，而否定回答则常用needn't，needn't表示“不需要、不必”，相当于don't have to。
You must tell your reason.你必须说出你的理由。
考点精析(4)need的用法：need 既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。need作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，后跟动词原形，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。而need作实义动词时，有人称、数的变化，后接带to的不定式。
You needn't come to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.如果你有重要的事，下午的会就不必来了。
Does she need to come? 她需要来吗？
注：①比较can和be able to
两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式，其他时态要用be able to来表示。另外，be able to常常有做成了某件事的意味。考点精析must和can't
must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。 如：
He must be working in his office.
他一定在办公室工作呢。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
思维导图考点精析英语中有许多动词可以加上介词、副词等构成短语动词。短语动词像动词一样有及物和不及物之分。它们尽管由几个词构成，但可以作为一个整体看待，同行为动词一样使用。
常用的构成方式主要有以下五种：
1．动词＋副词
可用作及物或不及物动词。如：ring up“打电话”(用作及物动词)，look out“小心”(用作不及物动词)。如果用作及物短语动词应注意宾语位置的不同：
考点精析宾语如果是名词，可以放在副词后面，也可以放在动词与副词之间；宾语如果是代词，则必须放在副词和动词之间。
Please put on your coat.请穿上你的外套。
Let's think it over.咱们再仔细考虑一下。
2．动词＋介词
相当于一个及物动词。无论宾语是名词还是代词，都应放在介词之后。
You'll look after her at home.你要在家照料她。
I'm looking for my MP4.我正在找我的MP4。
考点精析3．动词＋副词＋介词
这类动词一律用作及物动词。如：do away with“去掉”，go back to“回到(某处)去”。此种结构中，宾语要放在介词之后。
The boy gets on well with his classmates.这个男孩与同学们相处的很融洽。
4．动词＋名词＋介词
这类动词也只能用作及物动词。如：take care of“照顾”，make use of“利用”。此种结构中，宾语放在介词之后。
We'll take part in the meeting tomorrow.明天我们都将参加会议考点精析注：有些“动词＋副词”结构和“动词＋介词”结构相当于一个及物动词。
go by＝pass经过 keep on＝continue继续
call on＝visit拜访 ring up＝telephone打电话
set out＝start开始 care for＝like喜欢
5．be＋形容词＋介词
形容词包括起形容词作用的分词，这类短语动词也相当于及物动词。如：be ready for“为……做好准备”，be fond of“喜欢”，be afraid of“害怕”。
考点精析 同一介词/副词型
about短语
【短语总结】(10个)
think about考虑 care about关心；在意 hang about闲逛 know about了解 learn about了解 look about环顾，四处看
bring about引起；导致；带来 talk about谈论；议论
walk about四处走动 worry about担心考点精析 down短语
【短语总结】(12个)
write down写下；记下break down停止运转；(机器等)出故障
calm down冷静下来 cut down砍倒；缩减
die down逐渐变弱；消失 fall down倒塌；跌倒
lie down躺下 pull down拆除；摧毁
put down放下 sit down坐下
take down拆掉；取下；记下 turn down把……调低;关小;拒绝考点精析 for短语
search for搜索；查找(2014.46) ask for请求
care for照顾，关怀 leave for动身去
look for寻找 pay for为……付钱
prepare for为……做准备 wait for等待
send for派人去请/取 stand for代表
thanks for因为……而感谢 get ready for为……做好准备考点精析 off短语
burn off燃烧 break off突然中止；中断
call of取消；决定终止 cut off切断；中断
get off下车 give off散发；释放
keep off (使)不接近；远离 pay off还清(欠款等)
put off推迟；拖延 ring off挂断电话；停止讲话
run off跑掉；逃跑 see off送行考点精析 on短语
take on 承担；呈现 keep on 继续(进行)
agree on对……意见一致 call on访问，拜访
come on快点；来吧；加油 decide on决定；选定
depend on(upon) 依靠；依赖；视……而定；取决于
get on 相处；进展 have on穿着；戴着
hold on 等一等(别挂电话) live on...以……为食；靠……为生
pass on传递 try on试穿
turn on打开 work on从事；忙于考点精析 out短语
find out找出；查明(2017.44) get out出去；离开
break out爆发；突然发生 bring out显现；使表现出
come out出版；发行 give out分发，发出气味
go out出去 hand out分发
hang out闲逛 leave out遗漏；排除
take out取出，拿出 point out指出
set out出发；动身；启程 work out 解决；算出考点精析 up短语
give up 放弃 pick up接(某人)
turn up开大(声音)；出现 cheer up使振奋；使高兴起来
dress up穿上盛装；装扮 fill up装满；填补
grow up成长；长大 hurry up赶紧
look up查阅；查找 put up张贴；举起；建造
set up建立；创立 show up出席；露面
stand up站起来 stay up不睡觉；熬夜
take up开始做；从事 wake up睡醒；醒来考点精析 with短语
deal with处理，应付 agree with赞同，持相同意见
argue with与……争论 begin/start with以……开始
communicate with和……交谈 play with玩；玩弄
part with 放弃；舍弃 talk with和……交谈
get along with和……相处 end up with以……结束
catch up with赶上(或超过)
come up with提出，想出(主意、回答等)考点精析 同一动词型
come短语
come across (偶然)遇见(或发现) come along (意外地)出现；进展
come back回来；回想起 come down降落；落下
come from出生于；来自 come into进入
come in进来；到达 come on快点；加油；得了吧
come out出版；发表；出来 come over 顺便来访
come up走近，走到跟前；即将发生；出现
come up with想出，提出(计划、想法等)考点精析 get短语
get over克服 get back回来；恢复；取回；重新上台
get down下来 get from从……处得到
get into进入；陷入；穿上；习惯于
get off动身；下车；脱下(衣服等)
get on上车，上马；进展，使前进
get out离开，出去；泄露 get through穿过；接通(电话)
get to到达 get up起床考点精析 go短语
go up上涨；上升(2017.63) go by从旁经过；时间流逝(2014.39)
go after追求；设法获得 go against反对；违背
go ahead继续；干吧 go around到处走动；传开
go away走开 go back回去
go down下降；倒下 go off熄灭；响起
go on继续 go over 走过去；复习；检查
go out出去；熄灭 go through仔细查看；浏览；翻阅；通过考点精析 look短语
look after 照顾；照看 look at看；朝……看
look around环顾 look for寻找；寻求
look like看起来像 look out当心
look over仔细检查；查看 look through快速浏览
look up (在词典、参考书等中)查阅；查找
look up to钦佩；仰慕 look back at回首(往事)；回忆；回顾
look forward to盼望；期待考点精析 take短语
take on 承担；呈现
take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像
take away拿走 take care当心；小心
take down取下；拆除 take off脱下(衣服)；(飞机等)起飞
take place发生 take up占据(时间、空间)；开始从事考点精练1.(2019江西,29)You'll have to ????the books because there aren't
enough for everyone.
A.pack B.sell C.choose D.share D【解析】句意:你们将不得不共享这些书,因为这些书不够每个人用。本题考查动词词义辨析。pack 打包;sell 出售;choose选择;share分享,共享。故选择D。考点精练2.(2019新疆,31)Mum likes ? soap operas. Let's buy a TV for her.
A.becoming B.watching C.looking D.smellingB【解析】句意:妈妈喜欢看肥皂剧。让我们给她买台电视吧!本题考查动词词义辨析。A选项意为“变得,变成”;B选项意为“观看”;C选项意为“看”,为不及物动词;D选项意为“闻”。根据句意及词的搭配可 知选B。考点精练(2019贵州铜仁)—Will you answer the telephone？It _____ be your mother.
—Sorry，I ________.I'm very busy.
A．can；mustn't B．will；can't C．may；can't D．need；willC【解析】【解析】从答语I'm very busy.(我很忙)知道不能接电话，故第二个空填can't；may表示猜测，故选C。考点精练(2019新疆,30)—I'm afraid his radio is too noisy.
Will you please ???? him to ???? a little?
—Sure.
A.ask;turn it down B.allow;turn it on C.tell;turn it up D.advise;turn it offA【解析】句意:——恐怕他的收音机噪声太大了。请你让他将音量调小点好吗?——当然。本题考查动词以及动词短语的辨析。A选项意为“让;调小它”;B选项意为“允许;打开它”;C选项意为“告诉;开大它”;D 选项意为“建议;关上它”。根据句意可知答案为A。考点精练(2019河北,31)On the first day of Chinese New Year, we ????new clothes
and visit people.
A.pick up B.put on C.take off D.throw awayB【解析】句意:在春节的第一天,我们会穿上新衣服、走亲访友。本题考查动词短语辨析。A选项意为“拾起”;B选项意为“穿上”; C选项意为“脱下”; D选项意为“扔掉”。根据春节习俗可知,此处应该 是“穿上新衣服”,故本题选择B。谢谢21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com) 中小学教育资源网站 有大把高质量资料？一线教师？一线教研员？
欢迎加入21世纪教育网教师合作团队！！月薪过万不是梦！！
详情请看：
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php
专题八 动词和动词短语
Ⅰ. 单项填空
动 词
1. (2019江西)You’ll have to ________ the books because there aren’t enough for everyone.
A. pack B. sell C. choose D. share
2. (2019天津)We should________ making a noise in the library.
A. avoid B. prefer C. practise D. enjoy
3. (2019无锡)—I’m going to add some tomato sauce to the salad, if you don’t ________．
—Not at all. Go ahead.
A. care B. agree C. mind D. insist
4. (2019宜昌)—Did you________the International Marathon in Lan Zhou on June 2，2019?
—Of course. How exciting!
A. watch B. review C. suppose D. discover
5. (2019本溪)—Look at the dark clouds, and the wind is blowing strongly.
—It ________ that a big storm is coming.
A. sounds B. seems C. feels D. smells
6. (2019铁岭)The cover of the book ________ comfortable. It’s made of silk.
A. tastes B. feels C. looks D. sounds
7. (2019呼和浩特)—Jack, let’s have a picnic after school.
—Sorry. I have ________ Frank to work on the biology report with him.
A. advised B. suggested C. imagined D. promised
8. (2020乐山预测)—Look, Linda. The flowers in our classroom came out in one night.
—I can’t believe it. They are beautiful and colorful. They________ great.
A. sound B. smell C. taste D. feel
9. (2020安徽预测)—How do you learn English well?
—By taking notes. I think good study methods can help us________ better results with less effort.
A. achieve B. support C. praise D. return
10. (2020安徽预测)—Alice had a bad cold again!
—Really? She should________ the importance of keeping healthy.
A. guess B. realize C. discuss D. protect
11. (2020预测)—It’s reported that self-driving cars are expected to change the way we move away.
—That________ great.
A. looks B. tastes C. sounds D. smells
12. (2020预测)A sweet smile ________ like warm sunshine and everyone enjoys it.
A. sounds B. tastes C. smells D. looks
13. (2020预测)After many years’ hard work, his dream has ________ a reality.
A. faced B. accepted C. become D. made
14. (2020预测)The show ________ nearly three hours. But nobody left the hall early.
A. covered B. reached C. spent D. lasted
15. (2020预测)For our own safety, it’s important to ________ the traffic rules on the way to school.
A. follow B. change C. make D. break
16. (2020预测)I hope that our government will make a law to ________ food waste.
A. reduce B. add C. encourage D. get
17. (2020预测)You’d better spend more time talking with your parents when you have different opinions so that they can ________ you better.
A. understand B. realize C. expect D. promise
18. (2020预测)Please ________ to turn off the computer and the electricity of the house before you leave.
A. remember B. stop C. warn D. offer
19. (2020预测)Sometimes life isn’t as perfect as we ________. We must accept the sadness in our life.
A. imagine B. create C. doubt D. know
动词短语
20. (2019武汉)—Why were you shouting at Tom?
—I told him to be quiet, but he ________ talking.
A. joined in B. ended up C. kept on D. put off
21. (2019青岛)The English Speech Competition ________ the best in her. As a result, she is more active now.
A. checked out B. tried out C. left out D. brought out
22. (2019襄阳)—Your sister ________ your mother very much.
—Many people regard them as sisters when they hang out together.
A. cares for B. takes after C. helps out D. believes in
23. (2019临沂)Cathy sold some of her things in a yard sale and________ the money to a children’s home.
A. gave away B. gave up C. gave out D. gave on
24. (2020预测)We can’t trust him. He always ________ some excuses for doing something wrong.
A. makes up B. sets up C. takes up D. puts up
25. (2020合肥预测)My father often ________ newspapers after having dinner every evening.
A. hands in B. looks through C. looks up D. turns off
26. (2020预测)I advise you to choose paper books rather than e-books. I ________ your eyes.
A. make up B. look up C. talk about D. worry about
27. (2020预测)Jack, you have to do the math practice today. You can’t ________ today’s work till tomorrow.
A. put off B. turn down C. give away D. look up
28. (2020预测)—Alice’s room is tidy, isn’t it?
—Yes. Because she always________ her toys after playing with them.
A. sweeps away B. puts away C. looks for D. pays for
29. (2020预测)Life is a journey with trouble, but with care and wisdom you can ________ any problem you face.
A. work out B. hand up C. put down D. come about
30. (2020预测)You should ________ before making a decision. You are old enough to be responsible for yourself.
A. get to B. go across C. give out D. think over
31. (2020预测)—Why did he ________ your invitation?
—Because he had an important meeting that day.
A. throw away B. turn down C. wait for D. break off
32. (2020预测)Jane had been in America for 4 years. She ________ last month.
A. came back B. went up C. carried on D. ran off
Ⅱ. 单词拼写
33. (2019海南)My friend__c______(收集)stamps in order to learn more about history.
34. (2019新疆建设兵团)It is r______(下雨)hard outside, so take an umbrella with you.
35. (2019广州)We can__l______(学到)a lot about pandas from different books and TV programs.
36. (2019杭州)Hearing the funny story，all the students began to l______(发笑)loudly.
37. (2019德阳)Mr. Tian b______(修建)two schools for the poor children last year.
38. (2019安徽)Could you i______(想象)life without fresh water on the earth?
39. (2020预测)They are going to m______(搬家)to a new house next week.
40. (2020预测)My little sister can__c______(数)up to 100 in English.
41. (2020预测)They do volunteer work to s________(展示)their warmth and love.
42. (2020预测)Mike t______(认为)helping others is one of the happiest things in his life.
43. (2020预测)The woman who w______(穿戴)a red dress is my aunt.
44. (2020预测)Tom p______(弹奏)the piano every day when he was in primary school.
45. (2020预测)My hometown l________(位于)in a beautiful and peaceful town.
46. (2020预测)My sister Lily was w________(洗)the dishes when I got home.
47. (2020预测)He was sad because he f______(失败) the math exam this time.
48. (2020预测)As soon as the rain s______(停止), we set off for the train station and began our journey.
专题八 动词和动词短语
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. A
17. A 18. A 19. A 20. C 21. D 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. A
33. collects 34. raining 35. learn 36. laugh 37. built 38. imagine 39. move 40. count
41. show 42. thinks 43. wears 44. played 45. lies 46. washing 47. failed 48. stopped
