课件32张PPT。同步导练/RJ·选修⑥ 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 同步导练 04 Global warming自主预习学案
温示提馨课时跟踪训练4-1（点击进入）word板块 课件28张PPT。同步导练/RJ·选修⑥ 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 同步导练 04 Global warming探究学习思路
课件27张PPT。同步导练/RJ·选修⑥ 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 同步导练 04 Global warming探究学习思路
温示提馨课时跟踪训练4-2（点击进入）word板块 课件45张PPT。同步导练/RJ·选修⑥ 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 同步导练 04 Global warming自主预习学案
探究学习思路
温示提馨课时跟踪训练4-3（点击进入）word板块 课件19张PPT。同步导练/RJ·选修⑥ 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 同步导练 04 Global warming温示提馨课时跟踪训练4-4（点击进入）word板块 课件17张PPT。同步导练/RJ·选修⑥ 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 同步导练 04 Global warming课时跟踪训练4－1
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The kids soon ________(吃完)all the food on the table.
2．The employment problem tends to be a city ________(现象)．
3．He ________ (捐助)a large sum to the relief fund.
4．There is a small ________(数量)of water left in the bottle.
5．The flood in this area was a major________(大灾难)．
6．The proposed new airport will be strongly ________(反对)by the local residents.
7．I'm quite willing to accept the ________(后果)．
8．The witness ________(陈述)that she had never seen Mr.Smith.
9．There is a ________(趋势)towards regional cooperation.
10．There is a ________(普遍的)belief that the company is in financial trouble.
答案
1．consumed 2.phenomenon 3.subscribed
4．quantity 5.catastrophe 6.opposed
7．consequences 8.stated 9.tendency
10．widespread
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．We should ________________________(反对) destroying environment for economic development.
2．If you are not careful, children ________________(倾向于) neglect their homework.
3．The company has performed ________________________(广泛的) reforms since the new manager came into power.
4．________________(比较) people living only a few generations ago, we have greater opportunities to have a good time.
5．With the price of housing ________________(上升), it is becoming harder and harder for young couple to buy a house in big cities.
答案
1．be opposed to 2.tend to 3.a wide range of
4．Compared to/with 5.going up
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
A few weeks ago a group of scientists produced a report about global warming and the natural world.They wanted to find out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals.The scientists were surprised by what they found.They saw that during the next 50 years about 25% of land animals and plants will disappear from the earth.More than 1 million plant and animal species will die out by 2050.
The head of the research team, Christ Thomas, who is a professor of conservation biology at Leeds University, said the results of their research were frightening.More than 10% of all plants and animals will disappear from the earth.It is too late to save many plants and animals because of the greenhouse gases that are already in the atmosphere.But the scientists say if we control greenhouse gases now, we can save many more plants and animals from disappearing.
The scientists studied some areas of the world with very rich biology.These areas were Europe, Australia, Central and South America, and South Africa.Their studies showed that species living in mountainous areas had a better chance of survival because they could move uphill to get cooler.In flat areas, such as deserts, plants and animals would have to move very long distances to get cooler, so they are in great danger of dying out.The scientists found many surprising things.For example, they found that half of the 24 species of butterfly they studied in Australia would soon disappear.
1．According to this passage, global warming can be best described as__________to many plants and animals.
A．deadly B．surprising
C．disappointing D．frightening
2．What's the purpose of the research led by Christ Thomas?
A．To protect animals and plants from global warming.
B．To call on people to control greenhouse gases.
C．To warn us of the dying out of many animals and plants.
D．To study the effect of global warming on animals and plants.
3．What can be the best title of this passage?
A．Greenhouse effect and global warming
B．Extinct animals in the world
C．A frightening discovery concerning global warming
D．Disappearance of butterflies
4．We can learn from the passage that__________．
A．about 25% of land animals and plants have disappeared from the earth
B．in about four decades more than 1 million plants and animal species will die out
C．we can do nothing to save the plants and animals
D．wildlife in flat areas can't find enough food
答案与解析
本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过一组科学家所作的报告推测在不久的将来，温室气体量的增加对动植物物种有毁灭性的影响。由于全球变暖，动植物的生存空间也在发生改变，其数量和种类也在不断减少。作者试图通过分析现状唤起人们对环境保护的意识。
1．A 推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，全球变暖带来的是动植物物种的不断减少，这种影响对动植物来说是致命的。
2．D 细节理解题。由文章第一段第二句可知这项研究的目的，即研究全球变暖对动植物的影响。
3．C 标题归纳题。纵观整篇文章可知，作者向人们展示了全球变暖对动植物物种的灭绝性危害。C项能形象地概括整篇内容，故选C。
4．B 细节理解题。通过第一段可知，在未来的50年里，将有大约25%的陆地动植物灭绝，A项时态有误；B项表述正确，in about four decades即大约40年后，即2050年左右；C项错在we can do nothing上；D项文章并未提及。
B
Half of the world's coral reefs have died in the last 30 years.Now scientists are racing to ensure that the rest survive.
The planet's health depends on the survival of coral reefs.They are often described as underwater rainforests.In addition, the reefs serve as barriers that protect coastlines from the full force of powerful storms.Corals are used in medical research on treatment for diseases.They are key to local economies, as well, since the reefs attract tourists, the fishing industry, and other businesses, bringing in billions of dollars of revenue (收入)．
Corals are invertebrates, or animals that lack a backbone.They live mostly in tropical waters.The corals release a substance called calcium carbonate, which forms protective skeletons around them.The skeletons grow and take on vivid colors.This is the result of the corals' symbiotic (共生的), or mutually beneficial, relationship, with algae (藻类) that live in their tissues and give them energy.
But corals are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature.A rise of just 1 to 2℃ can force the corals to drive out the algae.Then the corals' skeletons turn white in a process called “bleaching (白化)”. Corals can survive in these higher temperatures only for a few months.
The problem for the reefs increased greatly during a recent extended El Nino weather phenomenon.In 2015－2016, the longer El Nino warmed the Pacific near the equator, which led to the most widespread bleaching of coral reefs ever recorded.This bleaching event continues to create problems for the world's reefs.
In the Indian Ocean, near the islands of the Maldives, about 73% of the coral reefs suffered bleaching between March and May 2016.Areas in the central Pacific were hit the hardest—about 90% of the reefs were destroyed in the waters of the Republic of Kiribati.
And the problem is not just global warming.The reefs have also been affected by pollution, coastal development, and overfishing.
Scientists remain hopeful that it's not too late to save the reefs, and some are moving ahead on experiments to accomplish that goal.Ruth Gates, director of the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, said, “It's high time that we should start thinking outside the box.It's sort of a no-win game if we do nothing.”
5．What's the focus of Paragraph 2?
A．The vital role of coral reefs.
B．The seriousness of pollution.
C．The importance of ocean species.
D．The difficulties of protecting reefs.
6．What is the character of corals?
A．They are fish-friendly.
B．They are tropical species.
C．They depend on algae to survive.
D．They can reflect different colors.
7．What is the result of the recent El Nino?
A．Coral reefs are extinct in Kiribati.
B．The Indian Ocean suffered the most.
C．Most of the world's reefs fell victim to it.
D．It caused record-breaking coral bleaching.
8．What do Ruth Gates' words imply?
A．Reefs need to be saved urgently.
B．Saving reefs is a win-win game.
C．It is a challenging job to save reefs.
D．Reef-saving efforts have turned out to be fruitless.
答案与解析
本文是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁受到污染、过量捕捞、白化等威胁，在最近的30年里，世界上有一半的珊瑚礁已然死亡，保护珊瑚礁，迫在眉睫。
5．A 段落大意题。由第二段中的“underwater rainforests”，“ serve as barriers that protect coastlines”和“medical research on treatment for diseases”以及“key to local economies”可知，作者在这段强调了珊瑚礁的重要作用。
6．C 细节理解题。由第三段中的“This is the result of the corals' symbiotic (共生的), or mutually beneficial, relationship, with algae (藻类) that live in their tissues and give them energy.”可知，珊瑚与藻类共生互利，藻类生活在珊瑚的组织里，并为其提供能量。
7．D 细节理解题。由第五段中的“led to the most widespread bleaching of coral reefs ever recorded”和第六段的描述可知，厄尔尼诺现象使得靠近赤道的太平洋海域温度升高，这导致了有史以来最大范围的珊瑚白化。
8．A 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“It's high time that we should start thinking outside the box.It's sort of a no-win game if we do nothing.”可知，Ruth Gates认为，拯救珊瑚礁，迫在眉睫。
C
We were silently waiting on the platform in the late afternoon.There he was, my 80-year-old grandfather with his silvery hair.And there I was, a teenage girl in my jeans and T-shirt.His aged but still clear blue eyes were taking in the scene as I wondered how I was going to get through the next two days.Why did I ever agree to accompany my cranky grandpa on a train ride from New York to Georgia?
No one else wanted to be the fellow traveler since my grandfather refused to fly.In contrast, I loved to fly since I wanted to get to the destination as quickly as possible.No matter what anyone told my grandfather about the comfort and safety of flying, he refused to book a flight, saying, “It's not just the trip; it's the adventure of getting there.”
With my first step onto the train, the journey was already different from what I expected.The train was modern and filled with friendly travelers.We settled into the club car, where we could enjoy food and drinks while watching the scenery pass.Instead of listening to my music, I became a willing audience and learned family history that I had never had the time or patience to learn.With teary eyes, he told me that going to family events was hard for him since my grandmother died.It always made him think about those who were no longer with us.For the first time I felt I understood him.I gained a new appreciation for our time together.
In this fast-paced world, we often miss important moments.There is great significance in listening to elders who offer a piece of their history and experience.I may be more open to opportunities to stay with my grandpa.Life isn't just about the destination; it's about the journey.
9．What does the underlined word “cranky” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Health. B．Strange.
C．Selfless. D．Outgoing.
10．What did the author think of the journey at first?
A．It would be boring.
B．She would learn something during it.
C．It would be a chance to know about her grandpa.
D．She would enjoy the beautiful scene during it.
11．What made the author change her attitude towards staying with her grandpa?
A．Her grandpa's appreciation of her.
B．Her grandpa's missing her relatives.
C．The sad stories of her grandmother.
D．The new understanding of her grandpa.
答案与解析
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章作者通过讲述自己和爷爷坐火车的经历，说明了聆听长者讲述他们的历史和经历，意义重大。
9．B 词义猜测题。下文“No one else wanted to be the fellow traveler since my grandfather refused to fly.”意思是自从我祖父拒绝坐飞机后，没有人愿意和我们一起旅行。由此可知，“Why did I ever agree to accompany my cranky grandpa on a train ride from New York to Georgia？”的意思是我为什么要答应陪我那奇怪的爷爷从纽约坐火车去乔治亚州呢？ “cranky”的意思是“奇怪的”，故选B。
10．A 推理判断题。答案定位在第一段中的“His aged but still clear blue eyes were taking in the scene as I wondered how I was going to get through the next two days.(他那双苍老但依然清澈的蓝眼睛看着眼前的情景，我不知道接下来的两天该怎么过。)”由此推断出，起初，作者认为这次旅行非常无聊，故选A。
11．D 细节理解题。答案定位在第三段中的“For the first time I felt I understood him.I gained a new appreciation for our time together.(我第一次觉得我理解了他。我对我们在一起的时间有了新的认识。)”由此可知，她对她爷爷的新认识让作者改变了她和爷爷在一起的态度，故选D。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Since I was a kid, I've considered different job I would like to do.First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly.Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much.When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.They were two reasons for the decision.One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
答案与解析
这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了从小到大自己的职业梦想随着求学经历不断改变的过程。
1．job→jobs 考查名词的数。“job(工作；职业)”为可数名词，用different(不同的)修饰时意思为不同种类的工
作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
2．coolly→cool 考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked(看起来……样)”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。
3．five→fifth 考查序数词。年级、班级是按数字顺序排列的，所以“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将five改为fifth。
4．too→very/so 考查副词。句意：在五年级的时候，因为我非常喜欢我的英语老师，所以我想变成一名老师。“so much”在句中一般表达肯定意思，可与that连用表示“如此……以至于”。而“too much”表太多，一般与to搭配，表达否定意思“太……以至于不能……”。本句话表达肯定意思，非常so much 或very much，故将too改为very/so。
5．chemistry后面加上in/at 考查介词。“在高中”需要用介词in或者at，故在high school前加in/at。
6．or→and 考查连词。句意：在高中学化学的时候，我重新考虑了自己的目标并决定变成一名医生。 “重新考虑”与“决定变成一名医生”之间是顺承关系，不是选择关系。故将or改为and。
7．They→There 考查there be句型。句意：有两个原因可以解释这个决定。句中的they在前边句中找不到指代关系，且后边句子中的one与the other是对这两个原因的解释。故将They改为There。
8．amazing→amazed 考查形容词用法。“amaze(使惊奇；使惊愕)”形容词形式有amazed(大为惊奇)与amazing(令人大为惊奇的)。本句话中主语为I，句意：病人看完医生就会感觉好很多，对此我感到惊奇，而不是我令别人惊奇。故将amazing改为amazed。
9．去掉more 考查形容词比较级。句中better为well(健康；身体好)的比较级形式，多音节的形容词或副词构成比较级用more 加形容词或副词，即more不能与better连用。故将more去掉。
10．is→was 考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that……”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。
课时跟踪训练4－2
Ⅰ.根据句意及提示，写出所缺单词
1．The new computer system should solve a whole ________(范围；种类) of problems.
2．My grandmother ________(倾向) to go to bed early everyday.
3．Strangely, Mr Green, who was also ________(反对) to the new policy, made no remark in the discussion.
4．The employment problem tends to be a common________(现象) in a lot of countries.
5．We received several answers, and we picked one at________(任意)．
6．There is a growing________(tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.
7．Large quantities of money ________(have) been sent to the earthquake victims.
8．—Do you subscribe ________her pessimistic view of the state of the economy?
—Absolutely not.I think it is just on the rise.
9．Accommodation ________(range) from tourist class_____luxury hotels.
10．There is no doubt________we human beings should be responsible for the earth's becoming warmer and warmer.
答案
1．range 2.tends 3.opposed 4.phenomenon
5．random 6.tendency 7.have 8.to
9．ranges; to 10.that
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．If she could put up the conditions there, we could take her.________
2．Quantities of food was on the table.________
3．Comparing with many other women, she was indeed very fortunate.________
4．He has a number of interests, ranged from playing chess to swimming.________
5．Tom is one of the top students in our school and the scores he's got in each exam are always far in average.________
答案
1．up后加with 2.was→were
3．Comparing→Compared 4.ranged→ranging
5．in average→above average
Ⅲ.完形填空
When I was younger, I was very sporty.My dad is a runner who greatly__1__me.My great hobby between the ages 11 and 14 was cross-country__2__．However, when my family__3__， my new school didn't pay attention to__4__， and had no after-school activities like football or running.
Over the next few years, I__5__exercising except during P．E.lessons at school.I was__6__that I could eat what I wanted and didn't put on any weight, so it looked like I was healthy, but in reality I was very__7__．
When I started university, I decided that I would try and get fit, but by then I was worried about__8__myself in front of other people.__9__， this year, one of my New Year's promises has been to try and get in shape.This__10__came after I was late for a bus, tried to run after it and was very out of__11__in under a minute! I considered__12__running again, yet my housemate tried to practice yoga, so my New Year's__13__was delayed.
Finally, one of my friends__14__a swimming pool close to my house that she had gone to a few times.Now, I love__15__， and I find doing laps in the pool very relaxing.Experts say everyone should do 30 minutes of proper__16__every day, so I'm starting with an hour three times a week and__17__every day.I hope that I will soon start to feel the__18__of regular exercise, and will become fitter and__19__．In the long term, I know it will be very good for me, and__20__all sorts of health problems that often occur in later life.
1．A.understood B．created
C．discouraged D．influenced
2．A.skiing B．jogging
C．running D．driving
3．A.collected B．moved
C．saved D．travelled
4．A.sports B．lessons
C．parents D．seats
5．A.tried B．stopped
C．enjoyed D．risked
6．A.obvious B．rich
C．lucky D．nervous
7．A.unusual B．unlucky
C．unconscious D．unfit
8．A.helping B．introducing
C．embarrassing D．teaching
9．A.Even B．However
C．Also D．Thus
10．A.decision B．advice
C．method D．praise
11．A.control B．order
C．date D．breath
12．A.taking in B．holding up
C．taking up D．turning out
13．A.resolve B．present
C．party D．welcome
14．A.saw B．ran
C．met D．recommended
15．A.swimming B．running
C．boating D．touring
16．A.place B．way
C．exercise D．light
17．A.getting up B．building up
C．putting up D．making up
18．A.actions B．hobbies
C．glasses D．benefits
19．A.quicker B．stronger
C．higher D．braver
20．A.prevent B．suffer
C．treat D．show
答案与解析
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了作者小时候很喜欢跑步。作者搬家后，新学校不重视运动，作者也就不怎么运动了。随着时间的流逝，作者意识到了健康出现了问题，重新开始了体育运动。
1．D 考查动词辨析。根据“My great hobby between the ages 11 and 14 was cross-country__2__．”可知“我”的父亲是一名跑步者，他对“我”影响很大。A.understood明白；B.created创造；C.discouraged劝阻；D.influenced影响，故选D。
2．C 考查名词辨析。根据“I considered__12__running again”在十一岁到十四岁之间，“我”最大的爱好是越野赛跑。 A．skiing滑雪；B.jogging慢跑；C.running赛跑；D.driving驾驶，故选C。
3．B 考查动词辨析。根据“my new school didn't pay attention to__4__，”可知“我”家搬家了。A.collected收集；B.moved搬家；C.saved节省；D.travelled旅行，故选B。
4．A 考查名词辨析。根据“and had no after-school activities like football or running.”可知“我”的新学校不重视运动。A.sports运动；B.lessons课程；C.parents父母；D.seats座位，故选A。
5．B 考查动词辨析。根据“my new school didn't pay attention to__4__， and had no after-school activities like football or running.”可知这里意思是除了学校的体育课，“我”停止了运动。A.tried尝试；B.stopped停止；C.enjoyed喜爱；D.risked冒险，故选B。
6．C 考查形容词辨析。根据“that I could eat what I wanted and didn't put on any weight, so it looked like I was healthy”“我”可以想吃什么就吃什么，不会增加体重，所以看起来“我”很健康，由此可知“我”是幸运的。 A．obvious明显的；B.rich富有的；C.lucky幸运的；D.nervous紧张的，故选C。
7．D 考查形容词辨析。but 表示转折关系，“我”看起来很健康，但是，事实上，“我”不健康。A.unusual不寻常的；B.unlucky不幸的；C.unconscious无意识的；D.unfit不健康的，故选D。
8．C 考查动词辨析。根据“this year, one of my New Year's promises has been to try and get in shape.”可知这里意思是但那时，“我”担心在别人面前让自己难堪。A.helping帮助；B.introducing介绍；C.embarrassing使人尴尬的；D.teaching教，故选C。
9．B 考查副词辨析。句意：然而，今年，我的新年承诺之一就是努力保持体型。A.Even甚至；B.However然而；C.Also也；D.Thus因此，故选B。
10．A 考查名词辨析。句意：这个决定是在我错过了一辆公交车，试图追上它，在不到一分钟的时间里，我上气不接下气后做出的。A.decision决定；B.advice建议；C.method方法；D.praise赞美，故选A。
11．D 考查固定短语辨析。句意：这个决定是在我错过了一辆公交车，试图追上它，在不到一分钟的时间里，我上气不接下气后做出的。out of control失去控制；out of order发生故障；out of date过期的；out of breath上气不接下气，故选D。
12．C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我考虑再次从事跑步。A.taking in吸收；B.holding up举起；C.taking up开始从事；D.turning out结果是，故选C。
13．A 考查名词辨析。根据上文“this year, one of my New Year's promises has been to try and get in shape.”可知这里意思是“我”的新年决定被延迟了。这里是同义词重现。A.resolve决定；B.present呈现；C.party参加社交聚会；D.welcome欢迎，故选A。
14．D 考查动词辨析。句意：最后，我的一个朋友推荐了我家附近的一个游泳池，她去过几次。A.saw看到；B.ran跑；C.met遇见；D.recommended推荐，故选D。
15．A 考查动词辨析。根据“Finally, one of my friends__14__a swimming pool close to my house that she had gone to a few times.”可知现在，“我”爱游泳。 A．swimming游泳；B.running跑步；C.boating划船；D.touring旅行，故选A。
16．C 考查名词辨析。根据“I hope that I will soon start to feel the__18__of regular exercise，”可知专家说每个人每天应该做30分钟适当的运动。A.place地方；B.way方法；C.exercise运动；D.light光线，故选C。
17．B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我从每周三次，每次一小时开始，每天都在增加。A.getting up起床；B.building up增进；C.putting up举起；D.making up化妆，故选B。
18．D 考查名词辨析。根据“and will become fitter and__19__．”可知这里意思是“我”希望“我”将很快开始感受到定期锻炼的好处。 A．actions行动；B.hobbies爱好；C.glasses眼镜；D.benefits福利，故选D。
19．B 考查形容词辨析。句意：我的身体将会变得更健康，更强壮。A.quicker更快；B.stronger更强壮；C.higher更高；D.braver更勇敢，故选B。
20．A 考查动词辨析。句意：从长远来看，我知道这对我很有好处，可以防止以后生活中经常发生的各种健康问题。A.prevent阻止；B.suffer遭受；C.treat对待；D.show显示，故选A。
Ⅳ.七选五
Pollution
Pollution happens when the environment is dirtied, by waste, chemicals, and other harmful substances (物质)．Pollution is a problem all over the world.But it is especially bad in large cities with a lot of industries and cars.__1__
Wildfires, volcanoes, and industrial chemicals cause some air pollution.But most air pollution comes from burning fossil fuels (矿物燃料)．These include coal, oil, and natural gas.The burning of fossil fuels may release harmful gases.Air pollution may cause such diseases as cancer and asthma.It also leads to polluted rain that can harm living things.__2__Finally, air pollution damages the ozone layer (臭氧层), which is important because it protects Earth against harmful rays from the sun.
Causes of water pollution are easy to see.People dump (倾倒) garbage and dirty water into rivers, lakes and oceans.Factories or cities sometimes release poisonous chemicals, and other wastes into water.These chemicals may make the groundwater unfit to drink.__3__
Littering, or throwing garbage on the ground, is a form of land pollution.Litter can destroy the habitats of plants and animals.The buildup of dangerous chemicals in the ground is another form of land pollution.The chemicals may come from farms or factories.__4__They may even harm people who eat the polluted plants and animals.
Many governments, environmental groups, and ordinary people are working to control pollution.Governments have passed laws to keep people from releasing dangerous chemicals into the environment.__5__Instead they are getting power from the sun, wind, water, and other energy sources that produce less pollution.Many communities use recycling to reduce pollution.
A．Farmers use chemicals to help crops grow.
B．This type of pollution may be seen in big cities.
C．They also can harm fish and other forms of life.
D．These chemicals can spread to plants and animals.
E．In addition, air pollution may be a cause of global warming.
F．There are three main forms of pollution: air, water, and land.
G．Some companies and people are trying to use fewer fossil fuels.
答案与解析
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了环境污染的三种主要形式和控制污染的措施。
1．F 由第二至四段分别对air pollution, water pollution和land pollution的介绍可知，设空处指：污染主要有三种形式：空气污染、水污染和土地污染。
2．E 由该空前的“Air pollution may cause such diseases”和“It also leads to polluted rain”以及该空后的“Finally, air pollution damages the ozone layer”(臭氧层)可知，设空处讲的也是大气污染的影响，E项内容“此外，空气污染也可能是全球变暖的原因”符合此处语境。
3．C 本段主要讲述水污染的原因及影响，由该空前的“These chemicals may make the groundwater unfit to drink.”可知，C项内容“这些化学物质还会危害鱼和其他生物”符合语境。
4．D 由该空前对污染土地的化学物质的描述以及该空后的“They may even harm people who eat the polluted plants and animals.”可知，这些化学物质会蔓延到植物和动物身上，甚至会危害人类。
5．G 本段主要讲述控制污染的措施，由该空后的“Instead they are getting power from the sun ...”可知，G项内容“一些公司以及有些人正在努力减少矿物燃料的使用”符合此处语境。
Ⅴ.语法填空
I recently became friends with a young man__1__had just migrated to Australia to escape war in his homeland.He was unskilled and was finding life difficult as he was unemployed.I__2__(work) for a company in Australia for more than ten years before I found a better job.I knew that the manager would be disappointed when I was leaving.
The manager asked me to introduce someone who I thought could do the job just as well as me, so I took this opportunity__3__(arrange) an interview for my new friend.However, in the end, he was not offered the job after the interview.
Later, I asked the manager why my friend was turned__4__．The manager thought that his English was not good enough for the position, but I suggested that my friend should be a__5__(suit) choice for the company since I could train him.I believed that once__6__(give) the time to learn, he could do the job.After a__7__(week) training, he was employed and was happy with his position.
I knew how the terrible war had forced him to leave his homeland and__8__price he had paid for doing so.I appreciate__9__(be) able to live in Australia and believe that this__10__(appreciate) is best proved by offering acts of kindness to people in need of help.
答案与解析
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过作者为朋友介绍工作的经历，说明了作者很感激能够在澳大利亚生活，作者相信这种感激最好的证明就是向需要帮助的人提供善意的帮助。
1．who/that 考查定语从句。句意：我最近和一个年轻人成为了朋友，他刚刚移民到澳大利亚，以逃避他祖国的战争。__1__had just migrated to Australia to escape war in his homeland.是一个定语从句，先行词是a young man，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，所以填who/that。
2．had worked 考查时态。句意：在我找到一份更好的工作之前，我在澳大利亚的一家公司工作了十多年。表示发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时，所以填had worked。
3．to arrange 考查常见用法。句意：经理让我介绍一个我认为和我一样能胜任这份工作的人，所以我利用这个机会为我的新朋友安排了一次面试。take this opportunity to do sth.“抓住这个机会去做，”该用法是常见用法，所以填to arrange。
4．down 考查固定短语。句意：后来，我问经理为什么我的朋友被拒绝了。turn down“拒绝”，该短语是固定短语，所以填down。
5．suitable 考查形容词。句意：经理认为他的英语水平不适合这个职位，但我建议我的朋友应该是公司的合适人选，因为我可以培训他。该空修饰名词choice，用形容词，所以填suitable。
6．given 考查非谓语动词。句意：我相信只要给他时间学习，他就能做好这份工作。“他”和“给”之间是被动关系，用过去分词作条件状语，所以填given。
7．week's 考查名词所有格。句意：经过一周的培训，他被录用了，对自己的职位很满意。文中表示“一周的培训”，用名词所有格，所以填week's。
8．what 考查宾语从句。句意：我知道可怕的战争是如何迫使他离开祖国的，也知道他为此付出了什么代价。__8__price he had paid for doing so.是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，表示“付出了什么代价”，用what引导，所以填what。
9．being 考查固定用法。句意：我很感激能够在澳大利亚生活，我相信这种感激最好的证明就是向需要帮助的人提供善意的帮助。appreciate doing“感激做”，该用法是固定用法，所以填being。
10．appreciation 考查名词。that this__10__(appreciate) is best proved by offering acts of kindness to people in need of help.是一个宾语从句，该空在从句中作主语，用名词，所以填appreciation。
课时跟踪训练4－3
Ⅰ.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
go up; result in; put up with; even if; subscribe to; come about; on the whole; glance at; keep on; be opposed to
1．At first they ________the scheme, but we managed to argue them round.
2．I don't know how it________that she came late on Mondays.
3．I can't________my noisy roommates any longer.
4．You must keep to the rules________you think they're unfair.
5．Jacobs does not________the belief that people are basically good.
6．You have made a few mistakes in your composition but________，it was written well.
7．The price of oil has________by over 50 percent in less than a year.
8．Stress and tiredness often________a lack of concentration.
9．He was wet through with sweat, but he________working.
10．He ________me but he kept on talking with the others, putting me in an embarrassing situation.
答案
1．was opposed to 2.came about 3.put up with
4．even if 5.subscribe to 6.on the whole
7．gone up 8.result in 9.kept on 10.glanced at
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Some common________(phenomenon) in the world are still not completely understood by human beings.
2．There are________(quantity) of goods in that shop for customers to choose from.
3．He had been ill for a long time and________(consequence) he was behind in his work.
4．She refused to make a________(state) to the police in case she incriminated(连累) herself.
5．Her post as a general manager________(steady) after three months.
6．Some experts thought that pollution poses a threat to the continued________(exist) of this species.
7．The adequate rain contributed to the________(grow) of the crops.
8．There's a lot of________(disagree) among politicians on this issue.
9．No country can afford to neglect the________(educate) of its young people.
10．They contributed a lot of food and clothing to the refugees (难民) and their________(contribute) will certainly help the refugees live through the winter.
答案
1．phenomena 2.quantities 3.consequently
4．statement 5.steadied 6.existence 7.growth
8．disagreement 9.education 10.contributions
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2019年高考·浙江卷)
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素)．
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源)．
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪)．
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
2．Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
3．What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?
A．Inadequate snowmelt. B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate. D．Dampness of the air.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D．Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
答案与解析
本文为说明文。一项研究表明，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，气候变化似乎是其主要因素。
1．A 段落大意题。在第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。
2．D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源)．”可知，野火控制在控制了森林大火的同时，使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，它们与大树争夺资源，这对大树产生了不利的影响，故选D。
3．C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures，..., and earlier snowmelt，...”可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是气温的上升，以及较早的融雪，故选C。
4．A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选项A符合题意。
B
At your next meeting, wait for a pause in conversation and try to measure how long it lasts.
Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most.But while this pattern may be universal, our awareness of silence differs dramatically across cultures.
What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of reflection and a sign of respect for what the last speaker has said.Research in Dutch(荷兰语) and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start o feel uneasy.In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 8.2 seconds—nearly twice as long as in Americans' meetings.
In Japan，it is recognized that the best communication is when you don't speak at all.It's already a failure to understand each other by speaking because you're repairing that failure by using words.
In the US, it may start from the history of colonial(殖民地的) America as a crossroads of many different races.When you have a complex of difference，it's hard to develop common understanding unless you talk and there's understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally devoted to developing a common life.This applies also to some extent to London.
In contrast, when there's more homogeneity,_perhaps it's easier for some kinds of silence to appear.For example, among your closest friends and family it's easier to sit in silence than with people you're less well acquainted with.
5．Which of the following people might have the longest silence in conversation?
A．The Dutch. B．Americans.
C．The English. D．The Japanese.
6．What might the Japanese agree with in conversation?
A．Speaking more gives the upper hand.
B．Speak out what you have in your mind.
C．Great minds think alike without words.
D．The shorter talking silence, the better.
7．What can we learn from the text?
A．A four-second silence in conversation is universal.
B．It's hand for Americans to reach a common agreement.
C．English speakers are more talkative than Japanese speakers.
D．The closer we and our family are, the easier the silence appears.
8．What does the underlined word “homogeneity” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Similarity. B．Difference.
C．Diversity. D．Misunderstanding.
答案与解析
本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了谈话中的沉默文化。尽管交谈中出现停顿是普遍存在的，但我们对沉默的认识在不同的文化中有着巨大的差异。不同的文化中沉默时间不同，对于沉默的看法也不同。相比而言，亲密的朋友和家人之间更容易出现沉默。
5．D 细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most.”，第三段最后两句“Research in Dutch (荷兰语)and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start to feel uneasy.In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 8.2 seconds—nearly twice as long as in Americans' meetings.”可知，日本人可能在谈话中有最长沉默。故选D。
6．C 推理判断题。根据第四段首句“In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is when you don't speak at all.”可知，在日本，一般认为最好的交流是一句话不说的时候。因此推断日本人认为“伟大的心灵，无言而思”。故选C。
7．D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“For example, among your closest friends and family it's easier to sit in silence than with people you're less well acquainted with.”可知，亲密的人之间更容易出现沉默，因此我们和家人越亲密，沉默越容易出现。故选D。
8．A 词义猜测题。根据下文的举例可知，越亲密的人，越容易出现沉默，因此推断画线句句意是：相比而言，当有更多相似时，也许沉默更容易出现。故画线词意思与similarity意义相近。故选A。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Are home visits necessary when they are so many ways to communicate with the students' parent? Some people are for home visits.They thought home visits will make it easily for parents and teachers to communicate and work more closely to help students learn.Home visits will give teachers a chance to better understanding their students.Besides, others think it is a waste of the time and energy to pay home visits.If they keep on touch with the students' parents with text messages, QQ or E-mails, it will be more convenient and save a lot of time.Personally, I think home visits is positive, and teachers can educate their students effectively through home visits.
答案与解析
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了人们对家访是否有必要进行了讨论，作者认为家访是积极的，老师可以通过家访有效地教育他们的学生。
1．they→there 考查there be句型。句意：当有这么多方法与学生家长沟通时，家访有必要吗？ there be句型，表示“有……”，所以they改为there。
2．parent→parents 考查名词单复数。句意：当有这么多方法与学生家长沟通时，家访有必要吗？文中“学生家长”是复数意义，用名词复数，所以parent改为parents。
3．thought→think 考查时态。描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，所以thought改为think。
4．easily→easy 考查固定用法。句意：他们认为家访将使父母和老师更容易沟通，更紧密地工作，以帮助学生学
习。make it＋adj.“让某人/某事……，”该用法是固定用法，所以填easily改为easy。
5．understanding→understand 考查不定式。这里不定式作定语，修饰a chance，所以understanding改为understand。
6．Besides→However 考查副词。句意：然而，其他人认为家访是浪费时间和精力。文中表示“然而……”，所以Besides改为However。
7．去掉time前the 考查固定短语。句意：然而，其他人认为家访是浪费时间和精力。a waste of time“浪费时间”，该短语是固定短语，所以去掉time前the。
8．on→in 考查固定短语。句意：如果他们用短信、QQ或电子邮件与学生家长保持联系，就会更方便，节省很多时间。keep in touch with“与……保持联系”，该短语是固定短语，所以on改为in。
9．is→are 考查主谓一致。句意：就我个人而言，我认为家访是积极的，老师可以通过家访有效地教育他们的学生。这里含有一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中，主语home visits是复数意义，谓语动词用复数，所以is改为are。
10．teachers前加that 考查宾语从句的引导词。这里含有两个宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，第二个that不能省略，所以teachers前加that。
课时跟踪训练4－4
Ⅰ.根据句意，完成句子
1．It's not what you have in your life but who you have in your life ________________．
重要的不是你在生活中拥有什么而是你拥有谁。
2．She looks sad.Could you please tell me ______________________ prevents her from being as happy as before?
她看起来很伤心。 你能告诉我究竟是什么让她不像以前一样开心吗？
3．________________ on a lonely island ________ he was saved one month after the boat went down?
小船下沉一个月之后，他是在一座孤岛上获救的吗？
4．It is not what he said but ________________________________ that annoyed me.
不是他所说的而是他说话的方式使我恼火。
5．It was ________ what seemed like a century ________ we were allowed to go home.
似乎经过了一个世纪之后，我们才被允许回家。
6．Can ________________ in the drawer ________ you put your keys?
你可能把钥匙放在抽屉里了吗？
7．According to a report on Daily Mail，it's ________________ that people start feeling really unhappy.
根据《每日邮报》的一篇报道，就是在星期三人们开始感觉很不开心的。
8．I have no idea ________________________________ he will go there with her.
我不知道他为什么要跟她去那里。
9．________ do you think ________________________ can buy that best-seller?
你认为在哪里我们可以买到那个畅销品？
10．It was ________________________ that he got home yesterday, so his parents were very worried.
昨天直到7∶30他才到家，所以他的父母很担心。
11．How time flies! It's ________________________ that we'll say goodbye to our high school life.
时间过得真快！两个月后我们就得告别高中生活了。
12．________________________________ played a trick on the new English teacher?
是谁捉弄了新来的英语教师？
答案
1．that matters 2.what it is that 3.Was it；that
4．the way he said it 5.after；that 6.it be；that
7．on Wednesday 8.why it is that 9.Where；it is that
10．not until 7∶30 11.in two months 12.Who was it that
Ⅱ.完形填空
“Whoa! What are you doing？” I asked.I had just walked into my daughter's room as she was__1__a science project.Normally, I would have been pleased at such a(n)__2__．But this time, her project involved much sand.__3__she'd put some plastic under her work area, it wasn't nearly enough.The sand was__4__all over our newly renovated(整修的) floor.
My daughter immediately felt my displeasure and began to__5__herself.“I used plastic！” she responded angrily.I responded more__6__， “But the sand is getting all over！”“Where else am I supposed to do it？” she__7__．
Why won't she admit when she has done something__8__？ I felt my__9__， thinking of the future: what would her life look like if she couldn't admit her mistakes?
My fear translated into more anger, this time about how__10__it was for her to admit mistakes.We had a__11__．She said something that I felt disrespectful to me and I__12__my voice.Both of us ended up__13__terrible.I wished this__14__happened before.
So I thought that I needed a good__15__to respond to my daughter.For this, I went to my wife, Eleanor, who was truly a master.I asked her how I should have__16__it.
“Sweetie，” she said, role-playing me in the__17__with my daughter, “There's a lot of sand here and we need to__18__it up before it destroys the floor, how can I help”？
That's really a great way to deal with it: first__19__the problem, next state what needs to happen and then offer to__20__．It's simple, right? However, it's really helpful in solving some problems in life.
1．A.applying for B．worrying about
C．working on D．caring for
2．A.accident B．sight
C．lesson D．item
3．A.When B．If
C．Because D．While
4．A.spreading B．flowing
C．decorating D．covering
5．A.behave B．express
C．defend D．enjoy
6．A.calmly B．angrily
C．quickly D．nervously
7．A.suggested B．smiled
C．nodded D．shouted
8．A.wrong B．good
C．dangerous D．unusual
9．A.sadness B．disappointment
C．fear D．anger
10．A.possible B．important
C．natural D．reasonable
11．A.quarrel B．discussion
C．chat D．meeting
12．A.lowered B．lost
C．raised D．heard
13．A.remaining B．sounding
C．looking D．feeling
14．A.seldom B．never
C．always D．sometimes
15．A.chance B．excuse
C．way D．right
16．A.handled B．accepted
C．understood D．tolerated
17．A.course B．conversation
C．company D．game
18．A.pick B．bring
C．put D．clean
19．A.solve B．create
C．identify D．ignore
20．A.help B．leave
C．give D．stay
答案与解析
作者的女儿在房间里用沙子来做研究，这令作者很生气，和女儿发生了争吵，随后跟他的妻子说了，然后妻子讲述了正确的解决办法。
1．C 考查动词短语。A.applying for 申请；B.worrying about担心；C.working on从事于……，致力于； D．caring for照顾。“我”走进女儿的房间时她正在做一个科学作业，根据句意选C。
2．B 考查名词。A.accident事故；B.sight景象；C.lesson课；D.item项目。如果像往常一样“我”肯定会非常开心地看到这个场景。故选B。
3．D 考查连词。A.When当……时候；B.If 如果；C.Because 因为；D.While尽管。尽管她在工作区下放了一些塑料来防止沙到处都是，但是塑料远远不够，故选D。
4．A 考查动词。A.spreading 传播，散开；B.flowing 流动；C.decorating 装修；D.covering覆盖。沙四处散开于新装修的地板上，故选A。
5．C 考查动词。A.behave表现，举止；B.express表达；C.defend辩解，辩护；D.enjoy享受。“我”女儿马上感觉到了“我”的不开心并马上为自己辩解，故选C。
6．B 考查副词。A.calmly 镇定地；B.angrily生气地；C.quickly 快速地；D.nervously紧张地。根据前一句“she responded angrily，”和后一句“我”的反应形成对比，是属于原词复现，故选B。
7．D 考查动词。A.suggested 建议；B.smiled 微笑；C.nodded 点头；D.shouted喊叫。此处父女二人都在气头上，所以他们说话的语气肯定都是喊叫的方式，故选D。
8．A 考查形容词。A.wrong错误的；B.good 好的；C.dangerous危险的；D.unusual不同寻常的。为什么当她做错了事情的时候她不承认呢？根据前文的描述可知此处是做错了，故选A。
9．C 考查名词。A.sadness 悲伤；B.disappointment失望；C.fear 害怕；D.anger生气。根据后句“My fear translated into more anger，”“我的害怕转变成了愤怒，”可知一想到她的未来“我”感受到了“我”的害怕，才有后文的害怕转变成了更多愤怒，此处是原词复现，故选C。
10．B 考查形容词。A.possible 可能的；B.important重要的；C.natural自然的；D.reasonable合理的。这一次是关于对她来说承认错误有多么的重要，根据句意选B。
11．A 考查名词。A.quarrel争吵；B.discussion讨论；C.chat交谈；D.meeting会议。根据后一句“She said something that I felt disrespectful to me.”可知女儿对“我”很不尊重，推断此处是俩人争吵了，故选A。
12．C 考查动词。A.lowered 降低；B.lost 失去；C.raised 提高；D.heard听。俩人争吵，因此“我”肯定提高了嗓门，故选C。
13．D 考查动词。A.remaining仍然；B.sounding听起来；C.looking看起来；D.feeling感觉。我们两个人最后感觉都很糟糕，故选D。
14．B 考查副词。A.seldom很少；B.never 绝不；C.always永远；D.sometimes有时。“我”希望这一切从来都没有发生过。根据句意选B。
15．C 考查名词。A.chance机会；B.excuse借口；C.way方式；D.right权利。因此“我”想“我”需要一个很好的方式来回应“我”的女儿。根据句意可知选C。
16．A 考查动词。A.handled处理；B.accepted接受；C.understood理解；D.tolerated忍受。“我”问“我”的妻子“我”本应该如何处理这件事。根据句意可知选A。
17．B 考查名词。A.course课程；B.conversation对话；C.company公司；D.game游戏。故选B。“我”的妻子角色扮演，扮演“我”来跟“我”的女儿进行对话，故选B。
18．D 考查动词。A.pick捡；B.bring带来；C.put放；D.clean清洁。这儿有许多沙，我们需要把沙清理干净。clean up打扫，固定短语，故选D。
19．C 考查动词。A.solve解决；B.create创造；C.identify 确定，识别；D.ignore忽略。作者提出了解决问题的方法：首先，确认这个问题，然后陈述会发生什么，最后提供帮助，根据句意可知选C。
20．A 考查动词。A.help帮助；B.leave离开；C.give给；D.stay待。根据上题句意可知选A。
Ⅲ.七选五
It's every parent's worst nightmare.__1__．Now scientists say they have found a better way to wake up sleeping youngsters.Researchers in the US have discovered that playing a child a recording of their mother's voice is about three times more likely to wake them than a traditional alarm.Moreover, they can escape more quickly.
Dr Gary Smith, a co-author of the research from the Nationwide Children's hospital in Ohio and his colleagues report how they compared the effects of four different smoke alarms on 176 children aged between 5 and 12 years old.__2__．While one alarm featured a high-pitched beep, the other three featured the voice of the child's mother calling either the child's name, giving instructions such as: “Wake up! Leave the room！”， or both.Each child slept in a lab-based room that resembled a real bedroom, and was shown how to escape from the room before they went to bed.They each experienced all four alarms—the order of which was chosen randomly.
__3__．About 90% of children woke for a vocal alarm compared with just over 53% for the traditional alarm.In addition, the children shook off their sleep faster, with a median(中位数) value of two seconds for the voice alarm compared with more than two and a half minutes for the traditional alarm__4__．
Prof Niamh Nic Daéid, director of the Leverhulme Research Centre at the University of Dundee, said the research supported by her team found a human voice combined with a low-frequency pulsing tone was far more effective in waking children than a traditional high-pitched alarm.__5__， which might have made them more responsive to an alarm, while more work was needed to explore whether other familiar sounds, such as a dog barking, might also prove effective in waking up children.
A．But she noted that the latest study involved children sleeping in a location other than their own bedroom
B．But she said it was important to look at developing better alarms
C．None of them had hearing difficulties or were taking any medication that affected their sleep
D．The results show that voice alarms appear to be more effective than high-pitched beeps
E．What's more, it does so faster and is linked to a quicker escape
F．There's a fire in the house; the alarms are beeping, but the children are in deep sleep
G．Similarly, escape times were longer in the cases of the beeping alarms
答案与解析
1．F 该空是对nightmare的解释。
2．C 上文提到该实验是针对“176 children aged between 5 and 12 years old”进行的，后文进一步说明这群小孩的情况。
3．D 该空是本段的主题句，说明实验的结果，从D项的results就可以得出答案。
4．G 实验结果表明：当警报是妈妈的声音时，孩子更快地从睡梦中被叫醒了，叫醒所需的时间中位数是2秒。相比之下，传统警报所需时间的中位数超过 2.5 分钟。同样，当警报是“哔哔”声时，逃跑所需的时间更长。
5．A Prof Niamh Nic Daéid说研究表明：“a human voice combined with a low-frequency pulsing tone was far more effective in waking children than a traditional high-pitched alarm”。后文是一个转折，表明她的观点。
Ⅳ.书面表达
假如你是李华。你的加拿大网友Jim来信告诉你他最近染上了网瘾，导致成绩下降。请你用英语给他写一封信，给予他帮助。内容包括：
1．指出网瘾的危害(生活、学习、健康等方面)；
2．给出相应的建议。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
Dear Jim，
As your close friend，I'd like to talk about the harm of Internet addiction to you.As we know，the Internet is a convenient tool to improve our knowledge.However，our life will be greatly affected if we are addicted to it.Generally speaking，Internet addiction causes your grade to go down.In addition，your health will go from bad to worse.To make things worse，it will damage the relationship with your friends and family.
So I think it is high time that you got rid of the bad habit.You should pay more attention to studying.It is a good idea for you to read some meaningful books and take some physical exercise.
Best wishes!
Li Hua
