课件34张PPT。同步导练/RJ·选修⑥ 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 同步导练03 A healthy life 自主预习学案
温示提馨课时跟踪训练3-1（点击进入）word板块 课件26张PPT。同步导练/RJ·选修⑥ 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 同步导练03 A healthy life 探究学习思路
课件36张PPT。同步导练/RJ·选修⑥ 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 同步导练03 A healthy life 探究学习思路
温示提馨课时跟踪训练3-2（点击进入）word板块 课件46张PPT。同步导练/RJ·选修⑥ 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 同步导练03 A healthy life 自主预习学案
探究学习思路
温示提馨课时跟踪训练3-3（点击进入）word板块 课件23张PPT。同步导练/RJ·选修⑥ 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 同步导练03 A healthy life 温示提馨课时跟踪训练3-4（点击进入）word板块 课件19张PPT。同步导练/RJ·选修⑥ 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 同步导练03 A healthy life 课时跟踪训练3－1
Ⅰ.根据下列各句句意及所给单词的汉语提示，写出所缺单词的正确形式
1. I dropped my________(香烟) on the floor and put my foot on it.
2. He spent his________(青春期的) years playing guitar in the church band.
3. Don't be too________(强硬的) on him—he was only trying to help.
4. Doctors demanded the________(收回) of the drug from the market after several cases of dangerous side-effects were reported.
5. The heating system in the hotel has a(n)________(自动的) temperature control.
6. The centre provides help for people suffering from________(精神的) illness.
7. Smokers face an increased risk of developing________(肺) cancer.
8. When our car was________(怀孕的), she looked like a round, furry ball.
9. El Nino is caused by________(异常的) amounts of warm water in the Pacific Ocean.
10. The doctors made one last________(绝望的) attempt to save the boy's life.
11. Cook the rice according to instructions on the________(小包)．
答案
1．cigarette 2.adolescent 3.tough 4.withdrawal
5．automatic 6.mental 7.lung 8.pregnant
9．abnormal 10.desperate 11.packet
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It is illegal to ________________________(滥用权力) for an officer.If so, he would be punished.
2．Where do I seek comfort when I am ________________(压力之下) or discouraged?
3．The government has ________________________(禁止) selling cigarette to adolescents.
4．Early education ____________________(有积极影响) children's future development.
5．You ought to be ________________(感到羞耻) your foolish behaviour.
答案
1．abuse his power 2.under stress 3.a ban on
4．has a positive effect on 5.ashamed of
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
All forms of tobacco—cigarettes, pipes, cigars，and smokeless tobacco—are dangerous.It doesn't help to substitute products that seem they're better for you than regular cigarettes, such as filtered or low-tar cigarettes.
The only thing that really helps a person avoid the problems associated with smoking is staying smoke-free.This isn't always easy, especially if everyone around you is smoking and offering you cigarettes.It may help to have your reasons for not smoking ready for times you may feel the pressure, such as “I just don't like it” or “I want to stay in shape for soccer (or other sports)” .
The good news for people who don't smoke or who want to quit is that studies show that the number of teens who smoke has dropped evidently.Today，about 23% of high school students smoke.
If you do smoke and want to quit，you have lots of information and support available.Different approaches to quitting work for different people.For some, quitting cold turkey (突然完全停止) is best.Others find that a slower approach is the way to go.Some people find that it helps to go to a support group especially for teens.These are sometimes sponsored by local hospitals or organizations like the American Cancer Society.The Internet offers a number of good resources to help people quit smoking.
When you are quitting，it can be helpful to realize that the first few days are the hardest.So don't give up.Some people find they have a few setbacks before they manage to quit for good.
Staying smoke-free will give you a whole lot more of everything—more energy, better performance, better looks, more money in your pocket, and，in the long run，more life to live!
1．What will be the best title for the passage?
A．Live a long life
B．Stay smoke-free
C．The smoking problems
D．The good news for smokers
2．What makes it difficult to keep away from smoking?
A．Sports activities.
B．Finding no reasons.
C．Cigarettes offered around you.
D．The pressure from your work.
3．How can you effectively quit smoking?
A．By walking slowly.
B．By quitting cold turkey.
C．By staying in hospital.
D．By finding a suitable approach.
4．We can conclude that after stopping smoking you will__________．
A．have no cancer
B．be more attractive
C．run for a long time
D．get more opportunities
答案与解析
本文讲述了吸烟的危害、戒烟的难度以及目前青少年吸烟人数的下降，并提出了戒烟的方法以及不吸烟的诸多好处。
1．B 标题归纳题。文章讲述了吸烟的危害、戒烟的方法等，由此可知本文重在戒烟，故Stay smoke-free为最佳答案。
2．C 细节理解题。由第二段中的．“...especially if everyone around you is smoking and offering you cigarettes.”可知，当别人将香烟递给你时，想要拒绝并非易事，由此可得出答案。
3．D 细节理解题。由第四段中的“Different approaches to quitting work for different people.”可知，戒烟的方法很多，关键是要找到适合自己的方法。
4．B 推理判断题。由最后一段中的．“...more energy，better performance，better looks...”可知答案。
B
When most of us look at our hands, we might notice that we need to clean, or stop biting our fingernails, and that's about it.But if you ask a doctor, he can see a whole lot more.Everything from poor diet and stress to serious kidney (肾) problems can be revealed by a glance at your fingernails.
There are about 30 different nail signs that can be associated with medical issues, though may indicate more than one problem, according to Dr.Amy Derick, a clinical instructor of dermatology at Northwestern University.
Here are five of the things a doctor can tell about your health based on your fingernails.
1．People who aren't eating well and lack vitamin or dietary may have thinner than normal nails, which are more likely to break.
2．Horizontal lines are associated with serious physical stress.They frequently occur in people who have gone through chemotherapy(化疗)．They can also occur after some illnesses, injuries, or with severe malnourishment(营养不良)．Interestingly, there may be an altitude connection too.They've also been found in people who dove 1，000 feet and others who participated in an Everest exploration.
3．Vertical lines, however, are generally not such a big deal.Some people are more genetically prone to them than others, but they're commonly associated with aging.
4．When people lack iron, their nails can turn spoon-like.Instead of curving down and covering the finger normally, they 'll start to rise up on the sides and front, like the part of a spoon that holds liquid.
5．Kidney and liver problems can create “half-and-half nails”， where one part of the nail is white and the other part dark or pink, according to Derick.
Doctors note that because disease diagnosis is complex and some symptoms can be associated with different diseases, you should always see a medical professional if you are concerned about something you notice.
5．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Doctors can tell us something about our health by looking at our nails.
B．We should see a doctor if we find nails in bad condition.
C．A famous doctor in the USA conducted an interesting research.
D．If we don't want to get ill, we need to clean and stop biting our fingernails.
6．If we don't eat well or regularly, our fingernails may__________．
A．become harder than normal nails
B．become thinner than normal nails
C．become “half-and-half” nails
D．have horizontal and vertical lines
7．Who will have horizontal lines on the nails ?
A．A cancer patient who has received normal treatment.
B．Hungry African children suffering from severe malnourishment.
C．An explorer who had reached Zhangjiajie in Hunan Province.
D．A patient with serious illness, like kidney and liver problems.
8．Which of the following best describes the nails that show people lack iron?
A．The nails are thinner and more likely to break.
B．The nails will curve down and cover the fingers.
C．The nails will start to rise up on the sides and front.
D．The nails will change their colours on the surface.
答案与解析
本文是一篇科普说明类的文章，主要向大家介绍了一些不同的指甲状况所反映出的不同的身体健康状况，同时提醒人们要关注自己的健康。
5．A 主旨大意题。根据首段中的“But if you ask a doctor, he can see a whole lot more.Everything from poor diet and stress to serious kidney (肾) problems can be revealed by a glance at your fingernails.”及后文来看，本文主要向大家说明医生们可以通过人们指甲生长的不同状态来诊断这个人的身体健康状况，故选A。
6．B 细节判断题。根据“People who aren't eating well and lack vitamin or dietary may have thinner than normal nails, which are more likely to break.”可知，吃的不够好或者营养不均衡的人指甲片可能会比正常人的要薄些，故选B。
7．B 细节判断题。根据“They can also occur after some illnesses, injuries, or with severe malnourishment(营养不良)．”可知，营养不良的人有可能会在指甲上出现水平的线，故选B。
8．C 细节理解题。根据“When people lack iron, their nails can turn spoon-like.Instead of curving down and covering the finger normally, they'll start to rise up on the sides and front, like the part of a spoon that holds liquid.”可以判断，缺铁的人手指甲两边和前端更容易翘起，故选C。
C
Jane Austen, a famous English writer, was born at Steventon, Hampshire, on December 16, 1775, and died on July 18, 1817.She began writing early in life, although the prejudices of her times forced her to have her books published anonymously (匿名)．
But Jane Austen is perhaps the best known and best loved of Bath's many famous local people and visitors.She paid two long visits here during the last five years of the eighteenth century and from 1801 to 1806, Bath was her home.Her deep knowledge of the city is fully seen in two of her novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, which are largely set in Bath.The city is still very much as Jane Austen knew it, keeping in its streets and public buildings the well-ordered world that she described so well in her novels.Now the pleasure of learning Jane Austen's Bath can be enhanced (增强)by visiting the Jane Austen Centre in Gay Street.Here, in a Georgian town house in the heart of the city, you can find out more about Bath in Jane Austen's time and the importance of Bath in her life and work.
The Centre has been set up with the help and guidance of members of the Jane Austen Society.After your visit to the Centre, you can look round the attractive shop, which offers a huge collection of Jane Austen related books, cards and many specially designed gifts.Jane Austen quizzes are offered to keep the children busy.
You can also have walking tours of Jane Austen's Bath, which is a great way to find out more about Jane Austen and discover the wonderful Georgian city of Bath.The tour lasts about one and a half hours.The experienced guides will take you to the places where Jane lived, walked and shopped.
9．Jane Austen paid two long visits to Bath__________．
A．in her early twenties
B．in her early teens
C．in her late twenties
D．in her late teens
10．What can we learn about Bath from the passage?
A．Bath has greatly changed since Jane Austen's death.
B．The city has changed as much as Jane Austen knew it.
C．Bath remains almost the same as in Jane Austen's time.
D．No changes have taken place in Bath since Jane Austen's time.
11．The author writes this passage in order to______．
A．attract readers to visit the city of Bath
B．ask readers to buy Austen's books
C．tell readers about Jane Austen's experience
D．give a brief introduction to the Jane Austen Society
12．It takes you about one and a half hours__________．
A．to get to the Jane Austen Centre in Gay Street
B．to buy Jane Austen related books, cards and gifts
C．to find a guide to take you to the Centre
D．to look around the city of Bath on foot
答案与解析
这是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了英国著名的女作家简·奥斯汀的情况。文章描述了她曾经对Bath一地游览并将该地作为她的第二故乡，并在她的作品中有了明显的体现，意在鼓励人们游览Bath一地并进一步了解Bath以及简奥斯汀。
9．A 细节理解题。根据第一段提到她生于“on December 16, 1775”和第二段中的“She paid two long visits here during the last five years of the eighteenth century”可知，他是在1795到1800期间去过两次Bath，通过计算得出简·奥斯汀两次去巴斯是在她刚20岁的时候，故选A。
10．C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The city is still very much as Jane Austen knew it, keeping in its streets and public buildings the well-ordered world that she described so well in her novels.”可知，Bath在Jane Austen时代是几乎没有大的变化的，故选C。
11．A 推理判断题。根据短文最后两段的内容描述可知，文中介绍了游览此地的景点、有经验的导游会带人游览此地等信息可推断文章的主要目的就是引导大家参观简奥斯丁的故乡，故选A。
12．D 细节理解题。根据短文最后一段中的“You can also have walking tours of Jane Austen's Bath....The tour lasts about one and a half hours.”可知，徒步游览Bath一地大概需要一个半小时的时间，故选D。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019年高考·课标全国卷Ⅰ)
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.To everyone's surprising, the ball went into the net.All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school.I am a good player now.
答案与解析
这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了由于一次偶然的经历，自己喜欢上了踢足球。从此成了一名优秀球员。
1．interesting→interested 考查形容词用法。本句的意思为：多亏一个偶然的事件，我对踢足球产生了兴趣。主语是I，故将interesting改为interested。
2．where→when 考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间，在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
3．football前面加上a 考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a。
4．but→and 考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
5．hardly→hard 考查副词。“hard(努力地；费力地)”与“hardly(几乎不；几乎没有)”都为副词，但是词义不同。本句意思为：我挡住足球，并使劲地将它踢回操场。故将hardly改为hard。
6．surprising→surprise 考查固定搭配。“to one's ＋ 名词”在句中表示结果，“to one's surprise”意思为“使某人惊讶的是……”。故将surprising改为surprise。
7．player→players 考查名词的数。“player(运动员)”为可数名词，所以all(所有的)后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。
8．say→saying 考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。
9．now→then 考查固定搭配。句意：从那时开始，我放学后跟同学一起踢足球。且“from now on(从现在开始)”后边句子应该表示从现在开始所发生动作或存在的情况，不能用一般过去时。此处后面是一般过去时，表示“从那时起”是from then on，故将now改为then。
10．去掉my 考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英语表达为“play football”，中间不能加冠词或者代词。故将my去掉。
课时跟踪训练3－2
Ⅰ.根据句意及提示，写出所缺单词
1．He felt they had ________(滥用，妄用) his trust by talking about him to the press.
2．I can't believe that you behaved so rudely.I'm ________(感到羞耻的) of you.
3．We are under such ________(压力) and have less time to spend relaxing with our families.
4．A great many teenagers became________(习惯于) to playing computer games, wasting their precious time.
5．Help is being sent to areas________(影响) by the floods.
6．He didn't make ________clear when and where the meeting would be held.
7．After decades of effort, the city is still trying to figure out how to ban ________(smoke) in public places.
8．The new survey shows that the number of students ________(addict) to computer games has been on the increase in recent years.
9．People ________stress tend to express their full range of potential.
10．Usually what the teacher says will have a deep effect ________a child.
答案
1．abused 2.ashamed 3.stress 4.accustomed
5．affected 6.it 7.smoking 8.addicted
9．under 10.on
Ⅱ.完形填空
“Everything happens for the best，” my mother said whenever I faced__1__．“If you can__2__， one day something good will happen.And you'll realize that it wouldn't have happened if it were not for that__3__disappointment.”
Mother was right, which I__4__after graduating from college in 1932.I had decided to try for a/an__5__in radio, then work my__6__up to sports announcer.I hitchhiked(搭便车) to Chicago and knocked on the door of every station and got__7__every time.
In one studio, a kind lady told me that big stations couldn't risk hiring__8__persons.“Go out in the sticks and find a__9__station that'll give you a chance，” she said.
I went home to Dixon, Illinois.While there was no radio-announcing jobs in Dixon, my father said Montgomery Ward had opened a store and wanted a local athlete to manage its sports department.Since Dixon was__10__I had played high school football, I__11__．The job sounded just right for me.But I wasn't__12__．
My disappointment__13__．Although I didn't say anything, Mom reminded, “Everything happens for the best.” Dad__14__me the car to job hunt.I tried WOC Radio in Davenport, Iowa.The program director, a wonderful Scotsman named Peter MacArthur, told me they had__15__hired an announcer.
As I left his office, my__16__boiled over(沸溢，发怒)．I asked aloud, “How can a fellow get to be a__17__announcer if he can't get a job in a radio station？”
I was waiting for the elevator when I heard MacArthur__18__， “What was that you said about sports? Do you know anything about football？” Then he stood me before a__19__and asked me to broadcast an__20__game.
1．A.falling B．disappointment
C．pain D．suffering
2．A.put on B．take on
C．carry on D．get on
3．A.previous B．timely
C．later D．difficult
4．A.looked B．searched
C．checked D．discovered
5．A.job B．talk
C．interview D．speech
6．A.way B．means
C．road D．feet
7．A.turned up B．turned off
C．turned on D．turned down
8．A.inexperienced B．beautiful
C．disappointed D．experimented
9．A.large B．small
C．new D．old
10．A.when B．the place
C．that D．where
11．A.admitted B．applied
C．accepted D．received
12．A.refused B．agreed
C．hired D．managed
13．A.can have shown B．must have shown
C．should have shown D．could have shown
14．A.offered B．provided
C．took D．supplied
15．A.ever B．still
C．yet D．already
16．A.frustration B．interest
C．anger D．happiness
17．A.news B．sports
C．radio D．story
18．A.commanding B．calling
C．whispering D．suggesting
19．A.reception B．computer
C．desk D．microphone
20．A.imaginary B．unbelievable
C．important D．unexpected
答案与解析
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要围绕着母亲的教导“一切都会好的”而展开故事，这句话对作者找工作起了很大的作用。文章旨在告诉我们不要畏惧困难和挫折！要坚持下去！一切都会为了更美好的未来而发生的。
1．B 考查名词词义辨析。A.falling坠落；B.disappointment失望；C.pain疼痛；D.suffering痛苦。联系第一段的最后一句“And you'll realize that it wouldn't have happened if not for that disappointment ahead.”你会意识到要不是前面的失望好事是不会发生的，可知，每当“我”面对失败的时候，母亲总是说一切都会好的。故选B。
2．C 考查动词短语词义辨析。A.put on张贴；B.take on呈现；C.carry on继续；D.get on 登上。carry on“在这里的意思是”继续，不放弃，相当于“not give up”。如果你能坚持下去，总有一天会有好事情发生。故选C。
3．A 考查形容词词义辨析。A.previous 先前的，以前的；B.timely及时的；C.later后来；D.difficult 困难的。根据上下文语境可知，你会认识到，如果没有以前的挫折就不会有现在的一切，故选A。
4．D 考查动词词义辨析。A.looked看；B.searched寻找；C.checked核对；D.discovered发现。“我”在寻找工作中坚持，最终得到了自己理想中的工作，说明妈妈的这句话是对的。故选D。
5．A 考查名词词义辨析。A.job工作；B.talk交谈；C.interview采访；D.speech演讲。“我”已决定在电台找一份工作。故选A。
6．A 考查名词词义辨析。A.way道路，方法；B.means手段；C.road路；D.feet脚。work one's way费力前行。“我”努力成为一名体育解说员。故选A。
7．D 考查动词短语词义辨析。A.turned up出现；B.turned off关掉(电视等)；C.turned on打开；D.turned down拒绝。根据语境可知，每次作者面试都被拒绝。故选D。
8．A 考查形容词词义辨析。A.inexperienced无经验的；B.beautiful漂亮的；C.disappointed失望的；D.experimented尝试。根据语境判断，作者刚刚大学毕业，所以是“没有经验的”。一位好心的女士告诉“我”，大的电台不能冒险雇用没有经验的人。答案选择A。
9．B 考查形容词词义辨析。A.large大的；B.small小的；C.new新的；D.old老的。根据语境可知，这位女士叫“我”到小的电台去试试，也许它们会给“我”(工作)机会。故选B。
10．D 考查名词性从句。A.when什么时候；B.the place地方；C.that那个；D.where 地方。这里用where引导表语从句，表示“……地方”。Dixon是“我”高中踢足球的地方。故选D。
11．B 考查动词词义辨析。A.admitted承认；B.applied应用，申请；C.accepted认可；D.received接受。根据语境可知，由于中学时“我”在Dixon踢过足球，所以“我”认为“我”适合这份工作，所以“我”申请了。故选B。
12．C 考查动词词义辨析。A.refused拒绝；B.agreed同意；C.hired雇佣；D.managed管理。根据语境可知，“我”没有被雇佣。故选C。
13．B 考查情态动词词义辨析。A.can have shown可能显示；B.must have shown一定显示；C.should have shown本应当显示；D.could have shown本可以显示。根据下文“Mom reminded me‘Everything happens for the best'”可知，妈妈安慰“我”一切都会好的，说明“我”的失望一定显现出来了，所以妈妈才给以慰藉。故选B。
14．A 考查动词词义辨析。A.offered提供；B.provided提供；C.took带走；D.supplied提供。offer sb.sth.“提供某人某物”。父亲提供了一辆车帮“我”找工作。故选A。
15．D 考查副词词义辨析。A.ever曾经；B.still仍然；C.yet然而；D.already已经。“我”试着到爱荷华州达文波特的WOC电台去求职，那里的电台节负责人名叫Peter MacArthur告诉“我”他们已经雇到播音员了。故选D。
16．A 考查名词词义辨析。A.frustration挫折；B.interest兴趣；C.anger生气；D.happiness快乐。“我”的挫折感达到了极点，“我”失望极了。故选A。
17．B 考查名词词义辨析。A.news消息；B.sports体育；C.radio电台；D.story故事。作者一直在努力在电台寻找体育播音员的职位。故选B。
18．B 考查动词词义辨析。A.commanding命令；B.calling大喊；C.whispering低语；D.suggesting建议。突然“我”听见负责人喊道：“你说什么体育？你了解足球吗？”因为此时“我”已经离开了他的办公室，因此他从背后喊。故选B。
19．D 考查名词词义辨析。A.reception接待；B.computer计算机；C.desk课桌；D.microphone麦克风。根据句意可知，接着他让“我”站到麦克风前，请“我”解说一场想象中的比赛。故选D。
20．A 考查形容词词义辨析。A.imaginary想象的；B.unbelievable难以置信的；C.important重要的；D.unexpected意想不到的。由语境判断导演需要播报体育项目的播音员，所以才会对作者感兴趣，并且让作者“播报一场想象中的比赛”以判断他能否胜任播报体育比赛。故选A。
Ⅲ.七选五
Becoming Refreshed without Sleeping
Sometimes there is just not enough hours in the day to get everything done and get a good night's rest.__1__Once in a while you can get away with a sleepless night and still feel reasonably good by adjusting your meals and activities.
●__2__The last thing you want to do when you are tired is get warm and cosy；this will cause you to fall asleep.Keeping the air conditioner on will make you feel much more awake and refreshed.
●Eat small amounts.Eating small amounts of healthy food will help refresh you.Fruit and nuts are a good choice because they are nutritious and will energize you.__3__Try to stick to low-carb meals to keep you going.Chewing gum after your small meal will also help keep you awake.
●Keep it bright.When it is dark your body thinks it is time to go to sleep.Turn on lots of lights，which will trick your body into waking up and feeling better.__4__You get double the benefits if it is daytime.
●Take a break.Taking a little break will help you in the long run.Turn up some energizing music to get yourself positive.Relax and talk to a friend in person or on the phone for a few minutes.__5__
A．Keep it cool.
B．Calm down and sleep.
C．Avoid big，heavy meals as they will make you tired.
D．Go outside whether it is day or night for some fresh air.
E．Missing sleep regularly can make you sick and should be avoided.
F．When you are tired，you may just want to sit around and do nothing.
G．Having a good time for a few minutes will refresh you quicker than anything else.
答案与解析
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种在没有睡觉的情况下恢复精神的方法。
1．E 根据上一句内容可知，有时白天没有足够的时间完成所有的事情，晚上也不能好好休息。E项“经常失眠可能会让你生病，所以要避免”承接上文内容，符合语境。故选E。
2．A 空格处是本段的中心句。根据本段最后一句可知，开着空调会让你觉得更加清醒、精神振作。A项“保持凉爽”与之呼应，能概括本段内容。故选A。
3．C 根据下一句中的“stick to low-carb meals”可知，C项中的“Avoid big, heavy meals”与之相照应，即“不要吃太多，因为它们会使你很累”。故选C。
4．D 空格下一句提到在白天会事半功倍。D项“不管是白天还是夜晚去外面呼吸新鲜的空气”与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选D。
5．G 根据本段的中心句“Take a break.”和空格上一句中的“for a few minutes”可知，D项中的“Having a good time for a few minutes”与之照应。故选G。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Smiling
Smile is a universal language, which is widely used throughout the world.__1__， the meaning of a smile in different cultures may be different.Depending on different cultures, smiling can express joy and__2__(amuse), but it can also indicate embarrassment.The following examples show this point of view：
In an attempt to be open and__3__(friend), people in the United States smile a lot.Every one smiles at each other and this nonverbal communication shows being polite in the United States.But in China, smiling is not only__4__expression of happiness, but also a way to avoid__5__(laugh) at.Chinese people like smiling when they are embarrassed in order to avoid embarrassment.Smiling is a kind of good will but not sneer (嘲笑)．For example: When a child__6__(fall) off from a bike, the adults in China may smile，__7__is a kind of gentle encouragement and may not be a kind of impolite laugh.
Related__8__the smile is the laugh.Also, different cultures have different__9__(meaning) about laugh.Americans can enjoy a very heartfelt belly (腹部) laugh that comes from the deepest emotions while most Chinese may think__10__silly to laugh that way.
答案与解析
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述微笑是一种通用语言，在世界上广泛地使用，但在不同的国家，在不同的场合有时表示不同的含义。
1．However 考查副词。however表示转折，尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时，表示转折，其意为“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。句意：然而，不同文化中微笑的含义可能是不同的。故填However。
2．amusement 考查名词。and是并列连词，它前后连接两个相同的语法成分，joy和amusement都是名词作express的并列宾语。句意：根据不同的文化，微笑可以表达欢乐和乐趣。故填amusement。
3．friendly 考查形容词。and是并列连词，它前后连接两个相同的语法成分，open和friendly都是形容词。句意：试图坦率和友好，美国人笑得很多。故填friendly。
4．an 考查冠词。expression意为“表情”，是可数名词，单数形式前要加不定冠词，因其读音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。句意：但是，在中国，微笑不仅仅是幸福的表现……。故填an。
5．being laughed 考查动名词。avoid后接动词时要用动名词形式，根据句意可知，用被动形式，be的动名词是being。句意：……也是避免被嘲笑的一种方式。故填being laughed。
6．falls 考查动词时态。本文讲述的是一般事实，用一般现在时态，主语a child是单数形式，谓语动词也应用单数第三人称形式falls。句意：当一个孩子从自行车上摔下来时……。故填falls。
7．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。句意：……这是一种温柔的鼓励，也许不是一种无礼的笑。故填which。
8．to 考查介词。related to意为“与……相关”，是固定搭配。句意：与微笑相关的是大笑。故填to。
9．meanings 考查名词复数。meaning意为“意思，含义”，是可数名词，此处表示复数意义，用复数形式。句意：不同的文化对笑有不同的含义。故填meanings。
10．it/it's 考查it用法。think it ＋ adj.＋to do sth.句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to do sth.；也可以是it's，think后接是宾语从句。句意：……而大多数中国人可能认为那样笑是愚蠢的。故填it/it's。
课时跟踪训练3－3
Ⅰ.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
have an effect on; be accustomed to; be due to；feel like; in spite of; manage to; decide on; get into; be addicted to; take the risk of
1．—Did you find out the time of the train to Miami?
—Yes, the early train ____________leave at 5∶30 a．m..
2．—How did you find your Christmas holiday?
—____________the bad weather, I had fun meeting friends and relatives.
3．He doesn't want to ____________losing his job, especially since he became the main source of family's income.
4．Have you____________a date for the wedding?
5．The children____________the bad habit of switching on the television as soon as they came back from school.
6．To be honest, I don't____________dealing with such urgent problems.
7．I ____________getting up early and taking an hour's walk before breakfast.
8．What worries him is that his son____________watching TV.
9．Wet weather____________the health of most people.
10．She just____________hold back her anger at the time.
答案
1．is due to 2.In spite of 3.take the risk of
4．decided on 5.got into 6.feel like
7．am accustomed to 8.is addicted to
9．has an effect on 10.managed to
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．—Mum, it's so cold outside and I don't feel like____________(go) shopping with you.
—Oh, if you don't, you may as well watch TV at home.
2．I was once____________(shame) to admit my weakness, but now I have no such feeling and I save myself much discomfort.
3．________________(addict) to online shopping for too long, according to a survey conducted recently, will greatly decrease people's desire to take part in social activities.
4．Studying abroad can be ________________(stress), because you have to worry about adjusting to a new culture at the same time.
5．Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but________________didn't help.
6．________________(disappoint) at failing in the math exam, John wouldn't like to talk about it to his parents.
7．________________(accustom) to climbing the steep mountain, Kevin had no difficulty reaching the top.
8．He only gave an ________________(embarrass) smile when she spilled the water onto him.
9．He showed excellent________________(judge) in choosing a friend.
10．Our friendship has steadily________________(strength) over the years.
答案
1．going 2.ashamed 3.Being addicted
4．stressful 5.it 6.Disappointed 7.Accustomed
8．embarrassed 9.judgement 10.strengthened
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Why do people drink too much, eat too much, smoke cigarettes or take drugs? What's to blame for all the bad behavior? Most people would say that, while these self-destructive (自我毁灭的) acts can have many root causes, they all have one obvious thing in common: they are all examples of failures of self-control, lacking the will power to resist them.
According to a recent study, however, if you really think about it, something about that simple answer doesn't quite make sense.In fact, it turns out that sometimes it's having will power that really gets you into trouble.
Think back to the time you took your very first sip of beer.Disgusting, wasn't it? When my father gave me my first taste of beer as a teenager, I wondered why anyone would voluntarily drink it.And smoking? No one enjoys their first cigarette—it tastes awful.So even though smoking, and drinking alcohol or coffee, can become temptation (诱惑) you need will power to resist；they never, ever start out that way.
Just getting past those first horrible experiences actually requires a lot of self-control.Ironically (讽刺的是), only those who can control themselves well, rather than give in to them, can ever come to some day develop a “taste” for Budweiser beer, Marlboro cigarettes, or dark-roasted Starbucks coffee.We do it for social acceptance.We force ourselves to consume alcohol, cigarettes, coffee and even illegal drugs, in order to seem experienced, grown-up, and cool.
These bad habits aren't self-control failures—far from it.They are voluntary choices, and they are in fact self-control successes.Self-control is simply a tool to be put to some use, helpful or harmful.To live happy and productive lives, we need to develop not only our self-control, but also the wisdom to make good decisions about when and where to apply it.
1．What do most people think causes bad behavior?
A．Being forced by others.
B．Not having enough will power.
C．Enjoying their first experiences.
D．Following the examples of their friends.
2．The author mentions his experience in the third paragraph to prove__________．
A．will power helps develop bad habits sometimes
B．drinking beer is harmful to the health of teenagers
C．self-control should be developed when one is young
D．everyone can be challenged by different temptations
3．In the last paragraph, the author stresses that__________．
A．without self-control, no one can succeed
B．bad habits don't always lead to bad results
C．applying self-control correctly is important
D．people can develop wisdom from bad behavior
4．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The Author's First Sip of Beer
B．Everyone Should Have Will Power
C．Will Power Benefits Us
D．Dark Side of Self-control
答案与解析
本文是一篇社会类短文阅读。我们的很多坏习惯都是由自我控制引起的，文章重点讲述的是自我控制的不好的一方面。
1．B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“they are all examples of failures of self-control, lacking the will power to resist them.”通过自我控制失败的例子，可知，他们缺乏意志力。故选B。
2．A 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“So even though smoking, and drinking alcohol or coffee, can become temptation (诱惑) you need will power to resist；they never, ever start out that way.”可知，正是我们缺乏意志力让我们染上了那些坏的习惯。故选A。
3．D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句中的“the wisdom to make good decisions about when and where to apply it.”可知，做出明智的决定是最重要的。也就是正确运用自我控制力很重要。故选C。
4．D 主旨大意题。我们的很多坏习惯都是由自我控制引起的，文章重点讲述的是自我控制的不好的一方面。故选D。
B
Some inventions are so useful, but seem so simple, that we wonder why no one thought of them long ago.Post-it Notes, the pieces of paper that you can stick almost anywhere and then remove without leaving any sign that they are there, are an example of such an invention.
Post-it Notes were invented about twenty years ago by Art Fry, a scientist at 3M Corporation.The idea for the product came from an upsetting experience he often had while singing in his church choir.Fry used pieces of paper as bookmarks to mark the places in his book of songs, but these bookmarks were always falling out.He knew he needed a bookmark that would stay where he put it, but that he could remove without damaging the pages.
Around that time, Fry heard about a new adhesive(粘合剂) that a colleague, Dr.Spence Silver had created.This adhesive was special because it was sticky, but not too sticky.It was strong enough to hold papers together, but weak enough not to tear the paper when it was removed.Fry saw that the new adhesive could help solve his bookmark problem.One morning, Fry put some of the adhesive on the edge of a piece of paper.Just as he hoped, it made a perfect bookmark.
A short time later, Fry realized that his new invention had even more uses than being a great bookmark.He came to this realization when he wrote a note on one of his new “bookmarks” and attached it to a report he was going to give to a colleague.Soon, co-workers were asking Fry for more sample of his invention so that they could use the new type of notes themselves.
Fry and some other people at 3M believed so much in the new product that they persuaded the company to give away thousands of the sticky pieces of paper for trial use.When some salespeople at 3M went to offices and showed workers just how helpful the new type of notes could be, they immediately received many orders.As more and more people discovered how useful Post-it Notes could be, the product took off.
5．The invention of Post-it Notes showed that Art Fry__________．
A．had a lot of knowledge
B．was very hard-working
C．was good at creative thinking
D．loved his job in the church
6．In what way did Dr.Spence help Art Fry?
A．They worked together and often discussed science.
B．His invention of a special adhesive made Art's invention possible.
C．He persuaded 3M Corporation to give away lots of Post-it Notes for trial use.
D．He cooperated with Art by providing the new adhesive for Art.
7．Which of the following is a possible use of Post-it Notes?
A．A note on a friend's door.
B．An e-mail to a friend.
C．A postcard from abroad.
D．An ad in a newspaper.
8．The biggest advantage of Post-it Notes is__________．
A．it can stay anywhere and leave no sign when removed
B．it is very cheap to use
C．it is good to write notes on
D．it is very thin and beautiful
答案与解析
本文是一篇社会类短文阅读。这篇短文主要讲述了便利贴的发明历史，这是亚特弗莱在偶然间产生的一个想法，最后在Dr.Spence发明的一种胶水的帮助下，这种想法成为了现实。
5．C 推理判断题。根据文章二三段描述，特别是“The idea for the product came from an upsetting experience he often had while singing in his church choir.”可知，亚特弗莱是个有创造性的人。故选C。
6．B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Around that time, Fry heard about a new adhesive (粘合剂) that a colleague, Dr.Spence Silver had created.”那时候，弗莱听说他的同事Dr.Spence发明的一种新粘合剂；“One morning, Fry put some of the adhesive on the edge of a piece of paper.Just as he hoped, it made a perfect bookmark.”一天早上，弗莱把一些粘合剂放在一张纸的边上，正如他希望的，做成了一个完美的书签。故选B。
7．A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Fry used pieces of paper as bookmarks to mark the places in his book of songs”和第四段中的“he wrote a note on one of his new‘bookmarks’and attached it to a report”可知，Post-it Notes是一种边缘带有粘合剂的便签，贴在其它物体上时，它不会掉下来，说明便签纸是方便用来记东西的一种便条。A项适合使用，故选A。
8．A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Post-it Notes, the pieces of paper that you can stick almost anywhere and then remove without leaving any sign that they were there, are an example of such an invention.”可知便利贴的最大好处是它可以贴在任何地方，当揭下时不留任何痕迹。故选A。
C
(2019年高考·课标全国卷Ⅱ)
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad.What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time.And like more Americans, she's not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America.More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out.Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book.Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeling energized.“Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.
Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar.He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流)．“I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said.“It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over.Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.“It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demerit, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
9．What are the statistics in Paragraph 2 about?
A．Food variety. B．Eating habits.
C．Table manners. D．Restaurant service.
10．Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A．To meet with her coworkers.
B．To catch up with her work.
C．To have some time on her own.
D．To collect data for her report.
11．What do we know about Mazoleny?
A．He makes videos for the bar.
B．He's fond of the food at the bar.
C．He interviews customers at the bar.
D．He's familiar with the barkeeper.
12．What is the text mainly about?
A．The trend of having meals alone.
B．The importance of self-reflection.
C．The stress from working overtime.
D．The advantage of wireless technology.
答案与解析
本篇是说明文。美国人的用餐习惯逐渐发生改变，独自用餐慢慢成为一种习惯。
9．B 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。
10．C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder...‘Today, I just wanted some time to myself.’”可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选C。
11．D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流)．”可知Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里，查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选D。
12．A 主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。
Ⅳ.短文改错
In recent years many flowers shops have been appeared in our small town.It is common for people to buy flowers when they go to a gathering, visiting a sick friend, or attend a wedding or birthday party.I still remember clear one day last year when Tom, a disabled student, presented some flowers to his mother to show his gratitude for her.He owing his entire life to his mother's kind and care.With her he would not have had the confidence or the courage to fight his disability.As a result the great effort he has made, he was finally admitted to a key university.
答案与解析
本文是记叙文。作者在文中讲述了近几年送花已经成为一种流行的趋势。作者曾记得一位残疾学生在花店买了些花送给妈妈表示对妈妈的衷心谢意，这位残疾学生就是在妈妈的鼓励下取得自信和战胜病魔的勇气，最后考入大学。
1．flowers→flower 考查名词作定语。名词作定语时要用单数形式，此处指花店。句意：近年来，我们的小城镇出现了许多花店。故将 flowers改为flower。
2．去掉been 考查动词的语态。appear是不及物动词，没有被动语态。句意：近年来，我们的小城镇出现了许多花店。故把been去掉。
3．visiting→visit 考查并列成分。句子里的buy，visit 和 attend 是并列结构，形式保持一致。句意：……当他们去参加聚会，拜访生病的朋友，或参加婚礼或生日聚会。故将visiting改为visit。
4．clear→clearly 考查副词。这里用副词作状语，修饰动词remember。句意：我仍然清楚记得去年的某一天……。故将clear改为clearly。
5．for→to 考查固定搭配。express gratitude to sb.为固定搭配，意为“向某人表示感激”。句意：……向母亲赠送一些花以表达对她的感激之情。故将for 改为 to。
6．owing→owed 考查动词的时态。结合上下文语境，此处讲的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。句意：他把他的一生归功于母亲的善良和关心。故将owe改为owed。
7．kind→kindness 考查名词，名词所有格后面要跟名词，kind是形容词，名词形式为kindness。句意：他把他的一生归功于母亲的善良和关心。故将kind 改为 kindness。
8．With→Without 考查句意。分析句意应为“如果没有她，他就没有足够的勇气与残疾作斗争”，是含蓄虚拟语气的表达方式。故此处应该用否定形式 Without。故将 With 改为 Without。
9．result与the之间加of 考查固定短语。as a result of，为固定短语，意为“因此，由于”，后面接原因，故在 result 与the之间加of。句意：由于他做出了巨大的努力，他终于被重点大学录取了。故在result 与the之间加of。
10．has→had 考查动词。根据was finally admitted 可知，努力肯定发生在被录取之前，所以应该用过去完成时。句意：由于他做出了巨大的努力，他终于被重点大学录取了。故将 has 改为 had。
课时跟踪训练3－4
Ⅰ.根据句意，完成句子
1．I'd ________ it if you can turn the radio down, for my baby is sleeping.
我的宝贝正在睡觉，如果您能将收音机关小一些，我将不胜感激。
2．Do you find that ________ is difficult ________________ a suitable job this year?
你发现今年找一份合适的工作很难吗？
3．—Why was the movie a turn-off? I thought you liked thrillers.
—Well, I do enjoy it.However, I __________________________ the actors' expressions are so fake and unnatural.
——为什么这部电影是一个扫兴的事？我以为你喜欢惊悚片。
——嗯，我真的非常喜欢。 然而，我不喜欢演员的表情做作不自然的时候。
4．It is no use ________________________ any longer.He will not change his mind.
和他争论是没有用的，他不会改变主意了。
5．________________________________ ________ such a thing (should) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾。
6．________________________________ two people were injured in the accident.
据报道，这次事故中有两人受伤。
7．________________________ John was the only witness.
碰巧约翰是唯一的证人。
8．We must ________________________ to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.
我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。
9．It is often ________________________however long a vacation is，we always feel we want a few days more.
不管假期有多长，我们都希望假期再长几天，这是经常发生的事。
10．I ________________________________ to go out for a walk towards evening.
我习惯在傍晚的时候出去散步。
答案
1．appreciate 2.it；to find 3.dislike it when
4．arguing with him 5.It is a pity that
6．It is reported that 7.It happened that
8．make it clear 9.the case that 10.make it a rule
Ⅱ.完形填空
I was about to get on a plane after a trip.Honestly speaking, the trip was very__1__and exhausting.To make things worse, I had a middle seat in Zone 5, where they__2__the baggage because there wasn't much room in the overhead bins (行李架)．I had to ask the flight attendant if I could__3__my seat.Trying to be__4__， she asked if I was willing to sit in an exit row.“Yes, sure！” I__5__responded, full of hope.But a moment later, she told me that row might not be__6__．I could only accept the reality.
Suddenly I heard her offer two seats in the exit row__7__a young couple next to me.I was filled with__8__that I was ready to get up and__9__with her.I wondered how she could__10__me and then go to help others.I was about to shout at her，__11__my good sense won.For that belief moment, I tried to comfort myself.“If you are impatient, you'll make a__12__of yourself.” Then though I was still annoyed, I managed to__13__．
With about 5 minutes to board, when I was worried about how to keep my__14__， the attendant handed a new ticket to me.“Is this for the__15__seat？” I asked.“No, it isn't，” she responded.“Once in a while I'm able to do this and I'm glad it has__16__this time.”I glanced down—business class, Seat 2F—no charge! I was very__17__for that and I felt relived that I had__18__my anger.I do know even if I shouted at the attendant, she would__19__try hard to help me, because she seemed very responsible.Now I realize that it is always important to show__20__and understanding for others in life.
1．A.exciting B．moving
C．annoying D．surprising
2．A.forgot B．limited
C．kept D．shared
3．A.change B．take
C．find D．occupy
4．A.busy B．careful
C．encouraged D．helpful
5．A.eagerly B．proudly
C．patiently D．confidently
6．A.valuable B．available
C．attractive D．narrow
7．A.for B．through
C．with D．to
8．A.fear B．anxiety
C．anger D．stress
9．A.compete B．argue
C．fight D．agree
10．A.refuse B．stop
C．trouble D．contradict
11．A.and B．otherwise
C．so D．but
12．A.decision B．fun
C．fool D．living
13．A.calm down B．break down
C．turn down D．fall down
14．A.seat B．note
C．ticket D．baggage
15．A.last B．former
C．free D．new
16．A.worked B．existed
C．remained D．appeared
17．A.doubtful B．regretful
C．grateful D．peaceful
18．A.witnessed B．shown
C．controlled D．acknowledged
19．A.yet B．still
C．even D．ever
20．A.sympathy B．affection
C．support D．respect
答案与解析
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者因为行李的问题，想让乘务员给自己调换座位。一位乘务员答应了，但没有给作者换座位。之后，又因为乘务员给他人提供出口的座位，这种种都让作者很生气。但最后，这位乘务员竟然给作者免费安排到了商务舱。这让作者意识到，在生活中对他人表现出尊重和理解总是很重要的。
1．C 考查形容词辨析。“Then though I was still annoyed, I managed to__13__．”由此推知，“我”这次旅行既生气又筋疲力尽。A.exciting令人兴奋的；B.moving动人的；C.annoying令人生气的；D.surprising令人惊讶的，故选C。
2．B 考查动词辨析。句意：更精糕的是，我在第五区有一个中间的座位，在那里他们限制了行李，因为在头顶的架子上没有多少空间。根据“What's worse”可知，此空应该是一个让人不开心的词。A.forgot忘记；B.limited限制；C.kept保持；D.shared分享，故选B。
3．A 考查动词辨析。根据上文“限制行李”，可知这里意思是“我”要求换座位。A.change改变；B.take采取；C.find找到；D.occupy占据，故选A。
4．D 考查形容词辨析。句意：为了帮助我，她问我是否愿意坐在出口的一排。A.busy忙碌的；B.careful小心的；C.encouraged鼓励的；D.helpful有帮助的，故选D。
5．A 考查副词辨析。根据“full of hope”可知这里意思是“是的，当然！”“我”急切地回答。A.eagerly急切地；B.proudly骄傲地；C.patiently耐心地；D.confidently自信地，故选A。
6．B 考查形容词辨析。根据“I could only accept the reality.”可知这里意思是但过了一会儿，她告诉“我”那排座位可能不能被使用。A.valuable有价值的；B.available可用的；C．attractive吸引人的；D.narrow狭窄的，故选B。
7．D 考查固定用法。句意：突然，我听到她给我旁边的一对年轻夫妇提供了出口排的两个座位。offer sth.to sb.“给某人提供某物”，该用法是固定用法，故选D。
8．C 考查名词辨析。根据“I was about to shout at her”可知“我”非常生气。A.fear害怕； B．anxiety渴望；C.anger生气；D.stress压力，故选C。
9．B 考查动词辨析。根据上文内容可知作者很生气，所以要站起来与她争论。A.compete竞争；B.argue争论；C.fight打架；D.agree同意，故选B。
10．A 考查动词辨析。句意：我想知道她怎么能拒绝我，然后去帮助别人。A.refuse拒绝；B.stop停止；C.trouble麻烦；D.contradict反驳，故选A。
11．D 考查连词辨析。句意：我正要对她大喊大叫，但我的理智获胜了。A.and并且；B.otherwise否则；C.so所以；D.but但是。此处表示转折意义，故选D。
12．C 考查固定短语。根据“For that belief moment, I tried to comfort myself.”可知这里意思是如果你没有耐心，你会出丑的。make a fool of oneself“出丑”，该短语是固定短语，故选C。
13．A 考查动词短语辨析。根据“If you are impatient, you'll make a__12__of yourself.”可知这里意思是尽管“我”仍然很生气，但“我”还是设法冷静下来。A.calm down冷静下来；B.break down发生故障；C.turn down拒绝；D.fall down跌倒，故选A。
14．D 考查名词辨析。根据“To make things worse, I had a middle seat in Zone 5, where they__2__the baggage because there wasn't much room in the overhead bins (行李架)．”可知这里意思是离登机还有5分钟，当“我”正为如何保管行李发愁时，乘务员给了“我”一张新票。A.seat座位；B.note笔记；C.ticket票；D.baggage行李，故选D。
15．B 考查形容词辨析。前面作者要求换座位，而乘务员也同意了，所以这里意思是“我”问：“这是以前的那个座位吗？” A．last最后的；B.former以前的；C.free免费的；D.new新的，故选B。
16．A 考查动词辨析。句意：偶尔我能做到这一点，我很高兴这次起作用了。A.worked起作用；B.existed存在；C.remained保持；D.appeared出现，故选A。
17．C 考查形容词辨析。根据“glanced down—business class, Seat 2F—no charge！”可知“我”被免费升到了商务舱，自然“我”对此非常感激。A.doubtful可疑的；B.regretful后悔的；C.grateful感激的；D.peaceful和平的，故选C。
18．C 考查动词辨析。句意：我对此非常感激，感到如释重负，我已经控制了我的愤怒。A.witnessed目击；B.shown表明； C．controlled控制；D.acknowledged承认，故选C。
19．B 考查副词辨析。根据“because she seemed very responsible”可知这里意思是“我”知道，即使“我”对乘务员大喊大叫，她还是会努力帮助“我”，因为她看起来很有责任感。A.yet然而；B.still仍然；C.even甚至；D.ever曾经，故选B。
20．D 考查名词辨析。句意：现在我意识到在生活中尊重和理解他人总是很重要的。A.sympathy同情；B.affection喜爱； C．support支持；D.respect尊重，故选D。
Ⅲ.七选五
Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them.Helping them enjoy science can be easy, as there's no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment.__1__．
Give them time to think.Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think.__2__， children can give more logical, complete and creative answers.
Watch your language.Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don't jump in with “That's right” or “Very good”．__3__．But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over.Instead, keep things going by saying “That's interesting”or“I have never thought of it that way before”，or coming up with more questions or ideas.Never force a child to think.__4__，as children are always thinking, without your telling them to.
What's more, giving them freedom to think can turn a conversation into a performance.The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target for your disagreement.
__5__．Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program.Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass (放大镜), and they'll understand why you want them to wash before dinner.Rather than saying that water evaporates (蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.
A．It doesn't make sense
B．Listen to their questions
C．Teach them by examples
D．You only have to share your children's curiosity
E．It began with a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours
F．When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more
G．These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior
答案与解析
这是一篇议论文。文章作者对于如何保持孩子的好奇心，给出了一些方法。
1．D 上文“Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them.Helping them enjoy science can be easy, as there's no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment.”说孩子们一开始是自然科学家，渴望了解周围的世界。帮助他们享受科学很容易，因为不需要很多科学术语或昂贵的实验室设备。该空承接上文，D选项“你只需要分享你孩子的好奇心”切题，故选D。
2．F 上文“Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think.”说过去30年的研究表明，成年人在提出问题后，通常只等一秒钟或更短的时间来得到答案，不给孩子思考的时间。下文“children can give more logical, complete and creative answers.”说孩子们可以给出更符合逻辑、更完整、更有创意的答案。该空承上启下，F选项“当成年人把他们的‘等待时间’增加到3秒或更长”切题，故选F。
3．G 上文“Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don't jump in with‘That's right’or‘Very good’”．说一旦你的孩子参与了科学讨论，不要马上说“正确”或“非常好”。下文“But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over.”说但是在谈论科学的时候，快速的赞扬可以表明讨论已经结束。该空承上启下，G选项“当涉及到鼓励好的行为时，这些词很有用”切题，故选G。
4．A 上文“Never force a child to think.”说永远不要强迫孩子思考。下文“as children are always thinking, without your telling them to.”说因为孩子们总是在思考，而不是你告诉他们。该空承上启下，A选项“这没有意义”切题，故选A。
5．C 这一段“Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program.Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜)，and they'll understand why you want them to wash before dinner.Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发)，set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.”的意思是现实生活中对自然的印象比孩子们从书本或电视节目中学到的任何东西都要深刻得多。让孩子们通过放大镜看他们的指尖，他们就会明白你为什么要他们饭前洗手。不要说水会蒸发，而是把一壶水烧开，让他们看着水位下降。所以这一段的标题应该是用例子来教他们，故选C。
Ⅳ.书面表达
假定你是李华，是光明中学高二(2)班的班长，你要写一封邀请信，邀请某校外教Peter担任你班英语短剧活动的口语指导老师。内容包括：
1．十一月二十日是你校的“英语活动日”，此项活动的目的是为了丰富校园生活，提高英语学习兴趣和英语口语水平。
2．你班正在排演一个英语短剧，准备参加“英语活动日”活动；
3．希望请外教Peter在口语方面进行指导；
4．具体时间：2019年11月5日(星期四)下午4时
5．地点：教学楼三楼307教室。
注意：(1) 词数100左右
(2) 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
(3) 开头语已为你写好。
参考词汇：英语活动日—English Day
Dear Peter，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
答案
Dear_Peter，
I'm Li Hua.I'm monitor of Class Two, Senior Two from Guangming Middle School.We're going to have an “English Day” in our school on November 20.The purpose of the “English Day” is to enrich our school life.Above all, it will help arouse students' interest in learning English and improve our oral English.
In order to take part in this activity, we are preparing an English short play.We'll be appreciated it if you can come and give us some help, especially in our oral English.
Would you come to Room 307 on the third floor in the teaching building at 4 pm on November 5? We are looking forward to seeing you there.Thank you very much!
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li_Hua
