课时作业17
Ⅰ.单词拼写
结合语境，根据汉语提示用单词的适当形式填空。
1．He ________ (推荐)Spain for our next holiday.
2．We can use honey to ________ (代替)for sweet.
3．He never ________ (承认)his mistakes.
4．There is ________ (丰富的) firewood in the forest.
5．We have ________ (占用)this apartment for a year.
6．They cannot choose but admit that our ________ (要求)is reasonable.
7．He is practising every day, in ________ (准备)for the ice skating championship.
8．Bob made an ________ (道歉)to his boss for not coming on time.
9．We will not arrive at our ________ (目的地)before dark unless we speed up.
10．Children love to seek ________ (安慰) in their parents' arms.
答案
1．recommended 2.substitute 3.acknowledged
4．abundant 5.occupied 6.requirement
7．preparation 8.apology 9.destination 10.comfort
Ⅱ.短语填空
根据语境，用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。(每个短语仅使用一次)
adjust to; make an apology; settle in; fit in; out of the question; keep it up; occupy with; day in and day out
1．You're doing a great job! __________！
2．It was not long before he __________ the life abroad.
3．Most people who come from other countries seem to __________ with the way of life here.
4．It was David, rather than his sisters, that was________．
5．__________his work, he didn't notice it was already time for dinner.
6．A number of people want__________ America because of the so-called more opportunities.
7．If you are living ________________ without a plan, you will regret in the near future.
8．It is ________________ that she will attend your wedding since she is far away from home.
答案
1．Keep it up 2.adjusted to 3.fit in
4．to make an apology 5.Occupied with
6．to settle in 7.day in and day out
8．out of the question
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．With the help of Mr.Zhang, it's out of the question to solve the problem.
__________
2．My father is occupied in writes an essay.
__________
3．I mean to substitute a new piano with the old one.
__________
4．I felt very excited the first time when I read the novel.
__________
答案
1．去掉question前的the
2．writes→writing
3．with→for
4．去掉when
Ⅳ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
World travel has moved on to a new level as new websites spring up to enable travelers to plan their trips online. Virtual tourism is the latest name of the game and although relatively new, has seen some tourism websites grow to host over one million users.
Typically，this development features a website that contains the answers to almost any tourism question. Tips and information are not provided by a single source, such as the website host, but rather from travelers themselves－often in the thousands. This has proven to be exceptionally beneficial for would－be travelers who are seeking information on questions such as where to find the best museum or beach; whether it is better to tour Brussels with a bicycle or on foot; and which exchange rate bureaus are available in Italy. Questions about food and restaurants; tourist spots; safety; accommodation and others are all answered. In addition, posted tips promote better preparation, such as what to pack when heading for Sicily.
Apart from the useful tips, visual images and virtual tours have also been made available. If you'd like to visit the Eiffel Tower, it's a good idea to view the surrounding areas; to pick a safer train route; or to know that it's very close to the Seine River and that a walk along it would enhance the experience.
Virtual tours have sprung_up globally. In South Africa, John Gore established the Virtual Tour Guide in November last year. On his blog, Gore was quoted a saying, “The world is panoramic(全景的)．” We are able to turn our heads and look in all directions and get a feel for where we are, but the typical photograph cannot show or describe that experience completely. “However, there is an answer－technology makes it possible to share the world around us in a 360 degree panoramic way, which really makes the viewer feel as though he or she is really there.”
1．Why is virtual tourism more and more popular?
A．Online games are more and more attractive.
B．Many new websites appear and develop fast.
C．More and more people want to travel abroad.
D．It helps travelers save as much money as possible.
2．From the second paragraph we know__________．
A．we can solve any problem on websites
B．websites offer all the tips and information
C．we can get all our questions answered online
D．we can get many tips about tourism on websites
3．What does the underlined word “sprung up” in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A．Appeared. B．Moved.
C．Competed. D．Reduced.
4．What makes us see the world in a panoramic way?
A．Information. B．Photograph.
C．Technology. D．Virtual images.
答案与解析
越来越多的网站涌现，使我们可以在网上计划旅游。本文就此提出了一些网上虚拟旅游的有用建议。
1．B 细节理解题。根据首段中的“World travel has moved on to a new level as new websites spring up to enable travelers to plan their trips online.”可知，因为许多网站的出现，virtual tourism虽是新的事物，但已吸引了很多人。
2．D 推理判断题。第二段主要是讲很多网站帮助旅游者了解想旅游的地方的各种情况，回答一些相关问题，给予一些有用的建议。
3．A 词义推断题。该句主要是讲虚拟旅游在全球涌现，后面举例和首段第一句都证明该短语最可能为“涌现；出现”之意。
4．C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...technology makes it possible to share the world around us in a 360 degree panoramic way...”可知C项正确。
B
Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic (全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn't want to mess with that.
Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.
This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured (捕捉) and frozen on some stranger's bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don't even know has been immortalized (使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each others' spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.
That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass.
5．What happened when the author was about to take a photo?
A．Her camera stopped working.
B．A woman blocked her view.
C．Someone asked her to leave.
D．A friend approached from behind.
6．According to the author, the woman was probably________．
A．enjoying herself
B．losing her patience
C．waiting for the sunset
D．thinking about her past
7．In the author's opinion, what makes the photo so alive?
A．The rich color of the landscape.
B．The perfect positioning of the camera.
C．The woman s existence in the photo.
D．The soft sunlight that summer day.
8．The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand________．
A．the need to be close to nature
B．the importance of private space
C．the joy of the vacation in Italy
D．the shared passion for beauty
9．The passage can be seen as the author's reflections upon________．
A．a particular life experience
B．the pleasure of traveling
C．the art of photography
D．a lost friendship
答案与解析
这是一篇记叙文。作者在外出旅游的时候一个陌生人闯入她选好的取景点，这让作者意识到，我们都有对美的追求，这些美丽的风景把陌生人联系到了一起。
5．B 细节理解题。由第二段可知，作者找到一个取景的地方准备拍下全景的时候，一个女士从她身后过来，然后就站在她前面，也在那里欣赏风景，因此选B。
6．A 细节理解题。由第三段中的“She seemed so content in her observation”可知，那位女士似乎在怡然地观赏风景，因此选A。
7．C 细节理解题。根据第四段的最后两句可知，正是因为那位女士站在镜头里欣赏风景，所以拍摄的照片有了生命力，因此选C。
8．D 推理判断题。第六段说，我们都生活在彼此的空间里，我们都欣赏美，都有分享快乐的共同渴望，因此选D。
9．A 推理判断题。本文通过讲述作者一次旅游时拍照的经历告诉我们：我们都有对美的追求。因此本文是作者对一次旅游拍照经历的遐思。
Ⅴ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。有两项为多余选项。
(2018年高考·浙江卷)
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. __1__
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. __2__ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk, take along a small garbage bag.__3__ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
__4__ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping. Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
__5__ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.
A．In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B．A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C．Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D．Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E．Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F．People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G．Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
答案与解析
怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。
1．G 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居。下文是具体做法，G项：这里有一些技巧，可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的信赖。承上启下，故选G。
2. F 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整洁的户内户外环境，F项中keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街上的一切新鲜和诱人，与本段意思一致，故选F。
3．E 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾袋，E项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故选E。
4．B 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻居的隐私。B项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人，符合本段内容，故选B。
5．C 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照顾好属于自己的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。C项中considerate behavior是下文内容的概括，故选C。
课时作业18
Ⅰ.单词拼写
结合语境，根据汉语提示用单词的适当形式填空。
1．In a written __________(道歉), the BBC admitted they had misled the public.
2．Can you make the dog stop __________(吠叫) at the mailman?
3．During these periods the birds will lie on the __________ (笼子) floor as if trying to lay or hatch eggs.
4．A holiday isn't an __________ (可有可无的) extra. In this stressful world, it's a must.
5．One group of journalists were crowded into a __________ (小汽车)．
6．The players had to change their daily __________ (常规)and lifestyle.
7．Students are asked to prepare material in advance of each weekly __________ (研讨会)．
8．Mark was mainly interested in sport at school, playing__________ (橄榄球) as well as soccer.
9．I'm a graduate of Harvard University. I have a________ (学士) of Arts degree.
10．People will be able to use the __________ (可视电话) for conferences.
答案
1．apology 2.barking 3.cage 4.optional
5．minibus 6.routine 7.seminar 8.rugby
9．Bachelor 10.videophone
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
阅读下面课文缩写材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(1个单词)。
Six months ago Xie Lei boarded a plane __1__ London to complete a business qualification.__2__ she came to England，she lived with a host family，__3__ members always helped her.At the beginning she had to face such difficulties of daily life __4__ how to use the phone，and how to pay bus fare.Besides，she also __5__ (have) to face the difficulties of learning at the university.Studying there was quite __6__(differ) from studying in China and she needed some preparation first.She had to get __7__ (use) to a new way of life，which took up all her concentration.It was __8__ (benefit) as well as difficult for her to study in London.She learned __9__ to fulfill Western academic requirements.Xie Lei also learned that as __10__ student，she should not use other people's work but try to express her own ideas.
答案
1．for 2.When 3.whose 4.as 5.had 6.different
7．used 8.beneficial 9.how 10.a
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．就他而言，出国留学优点大于缺点。
____________________， the advantages of studying abroad outweigh its disadvantages.
2．他从来没有这么激动过，因为这是他第一次出国。
Never has he been so excited because it is the first time____________________.
3．老师推荐我阅读这本小说，它有助于提高我的写作水平。
The teacher recommended________________， which is beneficial to improving my writing ability.
4．大家都公认：想到达到目标，就必须努力。
____________________ if one wants to achieve his goal, he has to work hard.
5．确实到了你让早起早睡成为常规的时候了。
It's high time ____________________ to rise early and go to bed early, too.
答案
1．As far as he is concerned
2．that he has gone abroad
3．that I should read/me to read the novel
4．It is universally acknowledged that
5．that you made/(should) make it a routine
Ⅳ.阅读理解
For as long as they can remember Jynne Martin and April Surgent had both dreamed of going to Antarctica. This winter, they each made it to the icy continent as guests of the National Science Foundation (NSF)．But they didn't go as scientists. Martin is a poet and Surgent is an artist. They went to Antarctica as participants in the NSF's Artists and Writers program. The NSF is the government agency that funds scientific research in Antarctica. But it also makes it possible for artists, including filmmakers and musicians, to experience Antarctica and contribute their own points of view to our understanding of the continent.
The mixing of science and art in Antarctica isn't new. Some of the earliest explorers brought along painters and photographers. Edward Wilson was a British painter, doctor, and bird expert who journeyed with Robert Falcon Scott on two separate Antarctic expeditions more than 100 years ago. Herbert Ponting was a photographer who also accompanied Scott on one of those expeditions. In hundreds of photos, Ponting captured the beauty of the continent and recorded the daily lives and heroic struggles of the explorers.
Today's scientists write articles for scientific journals. Unlike the early explorers' journals, scientific papers can now be very difficult for non-scientists to understand. Writers in Antarctica work to explain the research to the public. Peter Rejcek is editor, writer, and photographer for the Antarctic Sun, an online magazine devoted to news about the U．S. Antarctic Program. Rejeck began his career in the Antarctic in 2003 by spending a year at the South Pole. He has returned every year since interviewing scientists about research at Palmer，McMurdo，and South Pole stations.
There are also scientists in Antarctica who work hard to explain their research to the public. Scientist Diane McKnight wrote The Lost Seal，a children's book that explains the research she and others are doing in an unusual ice-free area in Antarctica called the Dry Valleys.
Antarctica is full of stories and wonders that are scientific, historic and personal. People such as Martin, Surgent, Rejcek, and Diane McKnight are devoted to bringing those stories to as many people as they can. “Some people are going to be scientists，some people are going to be journalists，some people are going to be artists，but we can all work together.” says Surgent, “to celebrate this extraordinary place.”
1．Why didn't some earliest explorers bring writers along?
A．Writers were not funded at that time.
B．Writing can't capture the beauty of the continent.
C．Writers were not interested in popularizing science.
D．Early explorers 'journals can be easily understood by the public.
2．By mentioning Diane McKnight, the author may try to suggest that__________．
A．scientists should explain their research to children
B．writers are not necessary since scientists can tell stories as well
C．telling stories to children is more important than knowing the truth
D．no matter what role we play, we can work together to appreciate Antarctica
3．What would be the best title for this article?
A．Antarctica: A Land for All
B．The NSF: A Program for All
C．Antarctica: A Land of Beauty and Stories
D．The NSF: A Program for Artists and Scientists
答案与解析
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在南非洲的社会研究项目方面的内容。现在的许多探险日记比以前的更加令人费解，而许多科学家们认为不管我们扮演的是什么角色，我们都应该一起努力，为国家服务。
1．D 细节理解题。根据文中第三段Today's scientists write articles for scientific journals.Unlike the early explorers' journals，scientific papers can now be very difficult for non-scientists to understand 可知现在的探险日记不像以前的，让人非常费解。由此可判断此处所指的是早期的探险日记很容易理解。所以选D。
2．D 细节理解题。根据文中最后一段“but we can all work together，” says Surgent，“to celebrate this extraordinary place.”可知他们建议不管有些人想做什么，但是我们都可以一起工作，为回报社会。由此可判断此处表达的意思就是选项D中的内容。所以选D。
3．A 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了在南非洲的社会研究项目方面的内容，结合上下文语境故选A。
Ⅴ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.__1__ In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.
One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. __2__ Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.
__3__ They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.
__4__ Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman's body cells have a tendency to age more slowly than a man's. Others think that a man's body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. __5__
A．However, women, on average, live longer.
B．The biological factor plays an important part.
C．Women are also helped by their female genes.
D．The female hormones also protect the body in another way.
E．Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.
F．Therefore, women are healthier than men and can live a better life.
G．Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.
答案与解析
在工业社会的今天人们活的越来越长了，而女性通常比男性活的长，原因是由男女不同的生理构造决定的，其中荷尔蒙起到了很重要的作用。
1．A 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：在工业化的今天男人和女人都生活的更长。空后的意思是：女性通常要比男性多活六到七年。所以这里选A(然而一般来说，女性活的更久。)与上下文一致。
2．G 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：一个有助于女性活的更久的生物因素是男女荷尔蒙的不同；空后的意思是：在12到50岁，女性产生的荷尔蒙包含了生育能力。所以这里选G(荷尔蒙是由身体产生的来控制不同的身体功能的化学成分。)与上下文一致。
3．D 考查对上下文语境的理解。空后的意思是：他们帮助身体防御一些种类的传染。所以这里选D(女性荷尔蒙在另一种方式上也保护了身体。)与上下文一致。
4．C 考查对上下文语境的理解。空后的意思是：科学家仍然不能确定基因是怎样影响年龄的。所以这里选C(女性的基因对女性也起到了作用。)与上下文一致。
5．E 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：男人的身体细胞倾向于变的更快。所以这里选E(最近的研究似乎支持这些可能性。)与上下文一致。
Ⅵ.短文改错
Now I'd like to share with my plan for the summer holiday.
Recently I've became interested in some attractive camps advertising in a website . I have made up my mind to take part in one of it: Volunteering in Another Country. I have always dreamed of being a volunteer, because I would like to offer necessary help to those who needs it.
Beside, volunteering in another country will certainly give me good chance to experience a completely different culture. Most important, I can exchange ideas freely with the local people or get them to know more about China.
I'm eager to join in the activity and I'm sure I will benefit greatly by such an opportunity. How about your plan for this summer?
答案
课时作业19
Ⅰ.单句改错(定语从句专练)
请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。
1．This is the factory where we visited last week.
__________
2．This is the watch for which Tom is looking.
__________
3．The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.
__________
4．The house in that we live is very small.
__________
5．The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow.
__________
6．I've read all the books which I borrowed from the library.
__________
7．This is the best film which I have ever seen.
__________
8．My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.
__________
9．Everything which we saw was of great interest.
__________
10．His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died.
__________
11．The reason which he didn't go to school is that he was ill.
__________
12．Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.
__________
13．The boy, his mother died last year, studies very hard.
__________
14．I have two sisters, both of them are doctors.
__________
15．We're going to visit the school where your brother works there.
__________
16．He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening. __________
17．That is the way which they work.
__________
18．Those have questions can ask the teachers for advice.
__________
19．Who is the man who has white hairs?
__________
20．I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea. __________
答案与解析
1．where→that/which或去掉where。
2．把for放在looking之后 英语中，有些短语动词，介词或副词不可与动词相分离。又如：look after, run into等。
3．who→whom 尽管在口语中who, whom都能作宾语，但在介词后只能用whom。
4．that→which
5．that→which that不可以引导非限制性定语从句。
6．which→that或去掉which 当先行词被all, every, no，some, any, little等修饰时，常用that引导定语从句。
7．which→that或去掉which 当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the only，the very等所修饰时，常用that引导定语从句。
8．who→that 如果先行词既指人又指物时，常用that引导定语从句。
9．which→that或去掉which 当先行词为something, anything，everything, nothing, all等时，常由that引导定语从句。
10．that→which
11．which→why/which前加for或去掉which
12．wants→want 定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词一致。
13．his→whose
14．them→whom或both前加and
15．去掉there
16．have→has 当one of＋名词复数作先行词时，从句的谓语用复数；但是当one前有the (only)时，从句谓语要用单数。
17．which→that/which前加in或去掉which
18．Those后加who
19．第二个who→that 当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时， 定语从句常用that 引导， 以避免重复。
20．which→when或which前加in
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He is preparing for the exams, while his brother is making ________ (prepare) for the sports meeting.
2．These new shoes are not very ________ (comfort) though they are designed for comfort.
3．All passengers are ________ (require) to show their tickets.
4．I don't understand why he refused to ________ (knowledge) that he had been defeated.
5．He had the operation on the ________ (recommend) of his doctor.
6．Later，man began to settle __________the places where the food and water were plentiful.
7．__________(adjust) to the tropical heat was more difficult than they had expected.
8．You can't go to the wedding in that old shirt，it's quite out __________ the question.
9．Take Tom __________ an example，a lot of boys are fond of playing computer games.
10．This machine，________I have looked after for many years，is still working perfectly.
答案
1．preparations 2.comfortable 3.required
4．acknowledge 5.recommendation 6.in
7．Adjusting 8.of 9.as/for 10.which
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Ever walked to the shops only to find, once there, you've completely forgotten what you went for? Or struggled to remember the name of an old friend? For years we've accepted that a forgetful brain is as much a part of aging as wrinkles and grey hair. But now a new book suggests that we've got it all wrong.
According to The Secret Life of the Grown-Up Brain, by science writer Barbara Strauch, when it comes to the important things, our brains actually get better with age. In fact, she argues that some studies have found that our brain hits its peak between our 40s and 60s—much later than previously thought.
Furthermore, rather than losing many brain cells as we age, we keep them, and even produce new ones well into middle age. For years, it's been assumed that brain, much like the body, declines with age. But the longest, largest study into what happens to people as they age suggests otherwise.
This continuing research has followed 6，000 people since 1956, testing them every seven years. It has found that on average, participants performed better on cognitive(认知的)tests in their 40s and 50s than they had done in their 20s. Specifically, older people did better on tests of vocabulary, verbal memory (how many words they can remember) and problem solving. Where they performed less well was number ability and perceptual speed—how fast they can push a button when ordered. However, with more complex tasks such as problem-solving and language, we are at our best at middle age and beyond. In short, researchers are now coming up with scientific proof that we do get wiser with age.
Neuroscientists are also finding that we are happier with age. A recent US study found older people were much better at controlling and balancing their emotions. It is thought that when we are younger we need to focus more on the negative aspects of life in order to learn about the possible dangers in the world, but as we get older we've learned our lessons and are sub-consciously aware that we have less time left in life: therefore, it becomes more important for us to be happy.
1．Barbara Strauch probably agrees that________．
A．the young are better at handling important things
B．people's brains work best between their 40s and 60s
C．aging leads to the decline of the fun_ction of the brain
D．wrinkles and grey hair are the only symbols of aging
2．The continuing research has found older people perform better on________．
A．perceptual speed B．number ability
C．vocabulary tests D．body balance
3．People are happier with aging because________．
A．they learn to value the time left
B．they know how to share feelings
C．they cannot focus on negative aspects
D．they do not realize the possible dangers
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．People get happier with age.
B．People get wiser with age.
C．People get more forgetful with age.
D．People get more self-aware with age.
答案与解析
本文是一篇事理性说明文，通过实验，科学家们得出了这样一个结论，随着年龄的增长我们会变得更加睿智而不是健忘。
1．B 细节理解题。根据文中第二段第二行，when it comes to the important things, our brains actually get better with age. In fact, she argues that some studies have found that our brain hits its peak between our 40s and 60s 文章的意思是当提到重要的事情时，我们的大脑随着年龄的增长会变得更好。实际上，她主张很多研究已经发现我们大脑的智力水平在40到60岁时达到顶峰。所以选B。
2．C 细节理解题。根据文中第四段第一行，第二行从It has found开始介绍这个research 的结论，第五行的Specifically，older people did better on tests of vocabulary说特别是，年长的人在词汇测试上做的更好。所以选C。
3．A 细节理解题。根据文中but as we get older we've learned our lessons and sub-consciously aware that we have less time left in life：therefore，it becomes more important for us to be happy.意为但是当我们逐渐变老，我们已经经历了很多且下意识的认识到我们剩下的时间已经不多了，因此快乐对我们而言变得更加重要。所以选A。
4．B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段末的转折But now a new book suggests that we've got it all wrong对应转折前说的随着年龄的增长人会变得健忘，所以选B。
Ⅳ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every student has tests when they are at school. But have you ever been so worried about the tests that you can't fall asleep at night? Have you ever felt sick or had a headache during a test?
__1__This worry in your mind can make your body feel bad. You may feel angry, frustrated, scared, or afraid, which can give you a stomachache or a headache.
__2__ Good or normal stress might happen when you are called to answer a question in class or when you have to give a speech. This kind of stress can help you to get things better done. __3__
But bad stress can happen if the stressful feelings keep going over a long time. You may not feel well if your parents are fighting, if a family member is ill, if you are having problems at school, or if you are going through anything else that makes you upset every day.__4__
__5__That means making good decision about how to spend your time. If you are only dealing with school stuff and have no time to play, you can get stressed. Make sure you keep yourself in mind: Sleep, Exercise, Leisure and Food. If you take care of yourself and get enough sleep and food, and if you exercise and leave time for fun stuff, you will probably be less stressed out!
A．However, there are two different kinds of stress.
B．Can you tell a kind of stress from another one?
C．The best way to keep stress away is to have a balanced life.
D．That kind of stress isn't going to help you, and it can actually make you sick.
E．Since bad stress is harmful to us, you'd better try to change it into good stress.
F．If so, then you know what stress is. Stress is what you feel when you are worried or uncomfortable about something.
G．For example, you may do a better job on your test if the stress pushes you to prepare well before the test.
答案与解析
本文主要讲了压力的种类以及造成的后果，对于不好的压力，应该如何排除。
1．F 根据上文提及的考试焦虑症，说明如果你有这样的症状，你会理解什么是压力，F正确。
2．A 根据文章二、三两段，说明压力有两种，故A正确。
3．G 根据上句，这种压力能让我们把事情做好，接下来就举例说明了，故G正确。
4．D 本段讨论的是不好的压力，这种压力只会让人感觉更不好，故D符合要求。
5．C 本段讨论的是远离压力的最好方法就是要有健康的平衡的生活，故选C。
Ⅴ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Passing the new college-level physical test can be __1__(difficulty), but working out with friends can help.
Many college students encourage each other __2__ (improve) their physical strength by engaging in creative and interesting __3__(activity)．
Students from Central South University, for instance, have formed a glow run team.They run several thousand meters each night __4__(decorate) with neon lights.
“It's so cool when you can exercise by running with your peers, and at the same time take glowing photos，” said Wang Jian, __5__ 19-year-old English major and participant in the nightly runs.
At Nanjing Agricultural University, some students choose to take a new sports class __6__ offers them the chance to lose weight and gain course credits.How the class assesses its students is also creative: Higher marks __7__ (hand) out to those who lose the most weight.
According to Teacher Zhou Quanfu, the students who take the class are often those who have difficulty __8__ (pass) the physical test.All of them have a body mass index of 30 or higher.
In addition __9__ jogging, the class requires students to do other exercises including the plank and sits-ups.
“We enjoy losing weight，” said Fan Xianfei, one of Zhou's students.“We also had a 5-kilometer mini-marathon together with Zhou.All of the students __10__ (cross) the finish line, because we all encouraged and supported each other.”
答案
1．difficult 2.to improve 3.activities 4.decorated
5．a 6.that/which 7.are handed 8.passing
9．to 10.crossed
Ⅵ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
答案
课时作业20
Ⅰ.语境填空
1．Happiness is a journey, not a __________．
2．There is no __________ for practical experience.
3．She was a woman of high position in the __________．
4．First of all, a pen should fit __________ in your hand and be easy to use.
5．We __________ that this change may be difficult for some students.
6．Many companies are set up here because of an ________ supply of cheap labor.
7．In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are __________．
8．His comments seemed __________ the remarks made earlier in the day by the chairman.
9．Teachers __________ parents should not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
10．A good agent will listen to your __________ and can save you time in looking for the right accommodation.
答案
1．destination 2.substitute 3.government
4．comfortably 5.acknowledge 6.abundant
7．optional 8.to contradict 9.recommend
10．requirements
Ⅱ.短语填空
根据语境，用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。(每个短语仅使用一次)
a variety of；day in and day out；abundant in；out of the question；settle in；be close to；make an apology for；take...as an example；in the company of；be parallel to
1．It took me several weeks to__________my new home.
2．After he left school, he tried his hand at __________ jobs—lawyer, salesman.
3．For the homeless, private medical care is simply __________．
4．When I told her that, she __________ being a college graduate.
5．What's more, China is a country with vast land, which __________ tourism resources.
6．You should __________ your carelessness.
7．The best way is to keep your health in good condition __________ by regularly taking physical exercises.
8．Another proverb thus comes to mind：__________ three one always can find a teacher.
9．__________pigeons __________， there are also pigeons in the wild.
10．She was travelling __________ her previous route.
答案
1．settle in
2．a variety of
3．out of the question
4．was close to
5．is abundant in
6．make an apology for
7．day in and day out
8．in the company of
9．Take; as an example
10．parallel to
Ⅲ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2018年高考·天津卷)
No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own __1__．
I learned this lesson from a(n) __2__ many years ago. I took the head __3__ job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.
It was a tradition for the school's old team to play against the __4__ team at the end of spring practice. The old team had no coach, and they didn't even practice to __5__the game. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. I couldn't __6__ I had got into such a situation. Thinking hard about it, I came to __7__ that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were __8__me. I had to change my __9__about their ability and potential.
I started doing anything I could to help them build a little __10__. Most important, I began to treat them like __11__. That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their __12__， we met every day and __13__passing and kicking the football.
Six months after suffering our __14__on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and continued to __15__. Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a __16__for us even if we lost the game. But that wasn't what happened. My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me one of the greatest __17__of my life!
From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can __18__ the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and __19__ them. I helped them to see themselves __20__， and they built themselves into winners.
Winners are made, but born.
1．A.luck B．tests
C．efforts D．nature
2．A.experiment B．experience
C．visit D．show
3．A.operating B．editing
C．consulting D．coaching
4．A.successful B．excellent
C．strong D．new
5．A.cheer for B．prepare for
C．help with D．finish with
6．A.believe B．agree
C．describe D．regret
7．A.realize B．claim
C．permit D．demand
8．A.reacting to B．looking for
C．depending on D．caring about
9．A.decision B．attitude
C．conclusion D．intention
10．A.pride B．culture
C．fortune D．relationship
11．A.leaders B．partners
C．winners D．learners
12．A.rewards B．vacations
C．health D．honor
13．A.risked B．missed
C．considered D．practiced
14．A.defeat B．decline
C．accident D．mistake
15．A.relax B．improve
C．expand D．defend
16．A.shame B．burden
C．victory D．favor
17．A.chances B．thrills
C．concerns D．offers
18．A.surprise B．serve
C．interest D．affect
19．A.encouraged B．observed
C．protected D．impressed
20．A.honestly B．individually
C．calmly D．differently
答案与解析
本文是一篇记叙文。多年前作者担任过一个学校足球队的教练，在一次比赛中输给了学校的新队。作者开始反思，不停的训练和鼓励队员，最终不可思议的赢得州里最强的对手。从这次经历中，作者感悟到：没有人天生就是赢家，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。
1．C 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.luck幸运；B.tests测试；C.efforts努力；D.nature自然。根据前一句No one is born a winner.(没有人天生就是赢家)，根据常识可知，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。故选C。
2．B 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.experiment实验；B.experience经历；C.visit参观；D.show展示。根据下文可知，作者是从一次经历中得出这样的教训的。故选B。
3．D 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.operating操作；B.editing编辑；C.consulting咨询；D.coaching指导。根据后文Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated.可知，作者在一所学校担任总教练工作。故选D。
4．D 考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A.successful成功的；B.excellent杰出的；C.strong强壮的；D.new新的。根据前半句It was a tradition for the school's old team中的old team提示可知，春季训练结束时，学校新老队伍对抗是一个传统。故选D。
5．B 考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A.cheer for为……欢呼；B.prepare for为……准备；C.help with帮助某人做……；D.finish with结束于；和……断绝关系。老队没有教练，他们甚至不练习来准备比赛。故选B。
6．A 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.believe相信；B.agree同意；C.describe描述；D.regret后悔。根据前句but to my disappointment we were defeated.可知，作者不能相信会遇到这样的情况。故选A。
7．A 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.realize意识到；B.claim宣称；C.permit允许；D.demand要求。短语come to realize开始意识到。我开始意识到我的队也许不是佐治亚州头号队伍。故选A。
8．C 考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A.reacting to对……起反应；B.looking for寻找；C.depending on依靠；D.caring about关心。但他们都在依靠我。故选C。
9．B 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.decision决定；B.attitude态度；C.conclusion结论；D.intention意图。我不得不改变我对他们能力和潜力的态度。故选B。
10．A 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.pride自豪，自尊心；B.culture文化；C.fortune幸运；D.relationship关系。我开始做任何我能做的事情来帮助他们建立一点自尊心。故选A。
11．C 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.leaders领导；B.partners伙伴；C.winners获胜者；D.learners学习者。根据后文Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and__19__them.以及文中最后一句提示可知，作者开始像获胜者对待他们。故选C。
12．B 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.reward报酬；B.vacations假期；C.health健康；D.honor荣誉。根据That summer可知，当其它队队员享受着他们假期的时候。故选B。
13．D 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.risked冒险；B.missed错过；C.considered考虑；D.practiced练习。根据上文The old team had no coach, and they didn't even practice to __5__ the game.提示可得出答案。这里指练习传球和踢球。故选D。
14．A 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.defeat打败；B.decline跌落；C.accident事故；D.mistake错误。根据上文but to my disappointment we were defeated.提示可得出答案。在春季训练赛场遭受失败之后。故选A。
15．B 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.relax放松；B.improve提高，改善；C.expand扩大；D.defend防御。根据前句we won our first game and our second可知，我们继续在提高。故选B。
16．C 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.shame羞愧；B.burden负担；C.victory胜利；D.favor赞成。即使我们输掉比赛，我们感觉它会是一场胜利。故选C。
17．B 考查名词以及对语境的理解。A.chances机会；B.thrills激动；C.concerns关心；D.offers提供。根据前句My boys beat the best team in Georgia可知，是作者一生中最激动人心的一次！故选B。
18．D 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.surprise惊讶；B.serve服务；C.interest兴趣；D.affect影响。从这次经历，我意识到领袖的态度如何能够影响团队里的每个成员。故选D。
19．A 考查动词以及对语境的理解。A.encouraged鼓励；B.observed观察；C.protected保护；D.impressed影响。根据I pushed可知，作者在推动和鼓励他们。故选A。
20．D 考查副词以及对语境的理解。A.honestly诚实地；B.individually个别地；C.calmly镇静地；D.differently不同地。根据后句and they built themselves into winners.可知，我帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己。故选D。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Babies are not just passing idle time when they stare goggle-eyed at the television—they are actually learning about the world, U．S. researchers said. Parents may want to limit what their babies see on television, based on the study, said Donna Mumme, assistant professor of psychology at Tufts University in Boston, who led the research. “Children as young as 12 months are making decisions based on the emotional (情感的) reactions of adults around them，” Mumme said in a statement. It turns out they can also use emotional information they pick up from television. This means that adults might want to think twice before they speak in a loud and harsh voice or let a baby see television programs meant for information about the world. A mother urging her baby to eat some “yummy” soup or a brother crying in fear when a dog approaches can influence a baby's reaction.
Mumme's team tested babies to determine. If television has the same influence, showing actors reacting on a videotape to objects such as red spiral letter holder, a blue bumpy ball, and a yellow garden hose attachment. Babies aged 10 months or 12 months were later given the same objects to play with. Ten-month-olds did not seem to be influenced by the video but the 1-year-olds were. When the actors acted neutrally or positively to an object, the babies happily played with them. But if the actor had seemed afraid or disgusted, the babies would avoid the object.
1．Psychology is the study of __________．
A．human's society and its growth
B．human's hopes had dreams
C．human's mind and behaviors
D．human's languages and cultures
2．Which of the following is Mumme's conclusion?
A．Small babies should not be allowed to watch television programs.
B．Adults need to think twice before they act in front of small babies.
C．TV programs provide small babies with all the information they need.
D．One-year-olds can be emotionally influenced by TV programs.
3．Mumme reached his conclusion by __________．
A．measuring the time babies spent in front of TV.
B．making TV programs and advertisements for kids.
C．showing actors how to react to blue bumpy balls
D．observing small babies' reactions to TV programs
4．Which of the following may the study lead to according to the researchers?
A．Parents may want to limit what their babies see on television.
B．Actors may try to behave themselves well in front of babies.
C．Babies may be allowed to choose what they see on TV.
D．Scientists may stop ignoring babies' emotional world.
答案与解析
本文属于科普说明文，主要介绍了Donna Mumme进行的一项研究，这项研究说明孩子的情绪情感很容易受到电视视频的影响。
1．C 词义猜测题。根据画线后一句“Children as young as 12 months are making decisions based on the emotional(情感的)reactions of adults around them，”说明Donna Mumme研究的是人们的行为和情感的话题，而Donna Mumme是一位psychology方面的助理教授，说明psychology是研究人们的思想和行为的学科。故C正确。
2．D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Children as young as 12 months are making decisions based on the emotional(情感的)reactions of adults around them，” Mumme said in a statement. “It turns out they can also use emotional information they pick up from television.”可知Mumme发现一岁的孩子的情感受到了电视影响。
3．D 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三句Ten-month-olds did not seem to be influenced by the video but the 1-year-olds were. 似乎十个月的孩子并没有受到影响，但1岁的孩子会受到影响。当演员担任中性或积极的对象时，宝宝高兴地和他们玩耍。但是，如果演员都显得害怕或反感，是婴儿会避免他们的对象。可知他们主要通过观察孩子观看视频之后的反应来得出结论的。故D正确。
4．A 推理判断题。本文主要讲述的是孩子的情绪容易受到电视的影响，尤其是电视视频中的一些不好的内容对孩子的影响更大。所以这项研究会让父母亲限制孩子看电视的时间。故A正确。
Ⅴ.短文改错
Dear Lily，
I had been expecting to travel to the USA since I was young so that I can experience the American culture personal.I'm writing to ask for some advices.My family plan to travel there during the coming winter vacation.We are to spend the week in New York, where is a large city, and this is our first time travel abroad.Know that you are familiar with the places of interest worth seeing, I hope you can offer to me some suggestions and recommend some attractions? I would appreciate that if you could reply to me soon.I'm also looking forward to see you in New York.
Yours，
Helen
答案
