课件96张PPT。同步导练/RJ·选修⑧ 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 03 Inventors and inventionsSection Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading温示提馨请 做： 课时跟踪训练3-1（点击进入）word板块 课件52张PPT。同步导练/RJ·选修⑧ 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 03 Inventors and inventionsSection Ⅱ Learning & Using Language温示提馨请 做： 课时跟踪训练3-2（点击进入）word板块 课件33张PPT。同步导练/RJ·选修⑧ 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 03 Inventors and inventionsSection Ⅲ Grammar
(v.＋ed 作定语、表语和宾补)温示提馨请 做： 课时跟踪训练3-3（点击进入）word板块 课件9张PPT。同步导练/RJ·选修⑧ 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 03 Inventors and inventionsSection Ⅳ Speaking & Writing温示提馨请 做： 课时跟踪训练3-4（点击进入）word板块 课件17张PPT。同步导练/RJ·选修⑧ 英语 经典品质/超越梦想 03 Inventors and inventions单元重点知识复习学案课时跟踪训练3－1
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It is simple and________(方便的) to use.
2．They were so much alike that we could hardly ________(区分) one from the other.
3．My way of thinking might be different from yours, but it's equally ________(有效的；确凿的)．
4．Our conversation came to an________(突然的) end when George burst into the room.
5．What are the________ (标准) for deciding who gets the prize?
答案
1．convenient 2.distinguish 3.valid
4．abrupt 5.criteria
Ⅱ.用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
call up, now and then, distinguish...from...，set about, with caution
1．Oh, my dear! Could you________right________wrong?
2．Dad always drives________， so he is recognized as one of the best drivers.
3．The picture________him________the time when he was brought up in the village.
4．One afternoon she________riding without an umbrella and was caught in a storm at last.
5．Yes，of course. I do________if it's convenient.
答案
1．distinguish；from 2.with caution 3.called；up
4．set about 5.now and then
Ⅲ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Some inventions are so useful, but seem so simple, that we wonder why no one thought of them long ago. Post-it Notes, the pieces of paper that you can stick almost anywhere and then remove without leaving any sign that they are there, are an example of such an invention.
Post-it Notes were invented about twenty years ago by Art Fry, a scientist at 3M Corporation. The idea for the product came from an upsetting experience he often had while singing in his church choir. Fry used pieces of paper as bookmarks to mark the places in his book of songs, but these bookmarks were always falling out. He knew he needed a bookmark that would stay where he put it, but that he could remove without damaging the pages.
Around that time, Fry heard about a new adhesive(粘合剂) that a colleague, Dr. Spence Silver had created. This adhesive was special because it was sticky, but not too sticky. It was strong enough to hold papers together, but weak enough not to tear the paper when it was removed. Fry saw that the new adhesive could help solve his bookmark problem. One morning, Fry put some of the adhesive on the edge of a piece of paper. Just as he hoped, it made a perfect bookmark.
A short time later, Fry realized that his new invention had even more uses than being a great bookmark. He came to this realization when he wrote a note on one of his new “bookmarks” and attached it to a report he was going to give to a colleague. Soon, co-workers were asking Fry for more sample of his invention so that they could use the new type of notes themselves.
Fry and some other people at 3M believed so much in the new product that they persuaded the company to give away thousands of the sticky pieces of paper for trial use. When some salespeople at 3M went to offices and showed workers just how helpful the new type of notes could be, they immediately received many orders. As more and more people discovered how useful Post-it Notes could be, the product took off.
1．The invention of Post-it Notes showed that Art Fry ________．
A．had a lot of knowledge
B．was very hard-working
C．was good at creative thinking
D．loved his job in the church
2．In what way did Dr. Spence help Art Fry?
A．They worked together and often discussed science.
B．His invention of a special adhesive made Art's invention possible.
C．He persuaded 3M Corporation to give away lots of Post-it Notes for trial use.
D．He cooperated with Art by providing the new adhesive for Art.
3．Which of the following is a possible use of Post-it Notes?
A．A note on a friend's door.
B．An e-mail to a friend.
C．A postcard from abroad.
D．An ad in a newspaper.
4．The biggest advantage of Post-it Notes is ________．
A．it can stay anywhere and leave no sign when removed
B．it is very cheap to use
C．it is good to write notes on
D．it is very thin and beautiful
答案与解析
语篇导读：本文是一篇社会类短文阅读。这篇短文主要讲述了便利贴的发明历史，这是亚特弗莱在偶然间产生的一个想法，最后在Dr.Spence发明的一种胶水的帮助下，让这种想法成为了现实。
1．C 推理判断题。根据文章二三段描述，特别是“The idea for the product came from an upsetting experience he often had while singing in his church choir.”可知亚特弗莱是个有创造性的人。故选C。
2．B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段Around that time, Fry heard about a new adhesive (粘合剂) that a colleague, Dr.Spence Silver, had created.那时候，弗莱听说他的同事Dr.Spence发明的一种新粘合剂，One morning, Fry put some of the adhesive on the edge of a piece of paper.Just as he hoped, it made a perfect bookmark.一天早上，弗莱把一些粘合剂放在一张纸的边上，正如他希望的，做成了一个完美的书签。可知，弗莱的成功得益于Dr.Spence发明的新粘合剂。故选B。
3．A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段Fry used pieces of paper as bookmarks to mark the places in his book of songs和第四段he wrote a note on one of his new “bookmarks” and attached it to a report可知，Post-it Notes是一种边缘带有粘合剂的便签，贴在其它物体上时，它不会掉下来，说明便签纸是方便用来记东西的一种便条。A项适合使用，故选A。
4．A 细节理解题。根据第一段Post-it Notes, the pieces of paper that you can stick almost anywhere and then remove without leaving any sign that they were there, are an example of such an invention.描述，可知便利贴的最大好处是它可以贴在任何地方，当揭下时不留任何痕迹。故选A。
B
Two summers ago I was about to turn fifty and wanted to do something I'd never done before. My daughter Bailey thought skydiving (跳伞) would be perfect for me. I can promise you that of all the things I was thinking of doing, jumping out of an airplane never came close to making the list. As I age, I seem to have developed a growing fear of heights.
After several requests from my daughter, I finally said yes and she looked almost shocked. I told a friend what we were doing, then we set off. We had a 3-hour drive to the jump site. We drove through some beautiful countryside, but then we passed a small cemetery (墓地)．Then we passed another cemetery and another one. I asked if so many people died jumping out of airplanes in this area that they needed to keep building more cemeteries to bury all the bodies!
As we squeezed into the little plane, I tightly held the right hand of my partner Ronnie. The short ride to altitude was cruel for me. As Bailey stepped to the door, she looked back at me and said “Dad, I'm sure you can do it！” I said yes as she rolled out, I immediately looked behind me and said “RONNIE I AM NOT FEELING GOOD” He said, “It's going to be great. Besides, it's too late now anyway”， and we jumped out.
The next five minutes were some of the most exciting of my life. It was so beautiful and peaceful—except for the parts where I was screaming. I prayed to God for the parachute(降落伞)to open, but mostly I told him how thankful I was for my life and being with me through good and bad.
5．What's the author's main purpose of mentioning cemeteries in Paragraph 2?
A．To tell how determined he was.
B. To show how rough the trip was.
C．To prove how lonely the jump site was.
D. To express how scared he was then.
6．What did Bailey do for her father before skydived?
A．She gave him encouragement.
B. She played a joke with him.
C．She comforted him constantly.
D. She offered him useful guidance.
7．How did the author behave after jumping out of the airplane?
A．He stayed quite calm.
B．He enjoyed himself.
C．He breathed out in relief.
D．He kept fearing for safety.
8．What can be inferred about the author from the text?
A．He skydived for the first time at the age of 48.
B．He jumped at his daughter's recommendation.
C．Never had he considered attempting to do skydiving.
D．The older he gets, the less fearful of heights he is.
答案与解析
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文，作者退休以后在女儿的鼓励下参加了跳伞活动，最终他战胜了自我，欣赏到人生最美丽的风景。
5．D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“I asked if so many people died jumping out of airplanes in this area that they needed to keep building more cemeteries to bury all the bodies！”作者询问是否很多人都因为跳伞死亡后被埋在了这个地方，可知他很害怕跳伞可能会有生命危险。故D项正确。
6．A 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句话“As Bailey stepped to the door, she looked back at me and said‘Dad, I'm sure you can do it！’”可知在跳伞之前，女儿鼓励我挑战自我。故A项正确。
7．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“The next five minutes were some of the most exciting of my life.It was so beautiful and peaceful—except for the parts where I was screaming.”可知作者认为跳伞以后的五分钟是他人生中最刺激的五分钟，说明他非常开心。故B项正确。
8．C 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知作者2年前50岁，那么现在应该是52岁，所以A项错误；第一段最后一句“As I age, I seem to have developed a growing fear of heights”告诉我们随着年龄增加，我越来越恐高，D项错误。B项是第二段里直接告诉我们的，不需要推理。根据第一段第三句“I can promise you that of all the things I was thinking of doing, jumping out of an airplane never came close to making the list.”可知我跳伞从不在我认为我能做的事情当中，也就是说我从来没有考虑过跳伞。故C项正确。
C
(2019年高考·课标全国卷Ⅱ)
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案). “We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests，” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal？’ Basically, it's ‘I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and...it's not a very nice thing at times. It's a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
9．What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A．They are hard to get rid of.
B．They lead to air pollution.
C．They appear in different forms.
D．They damage the instruments.
10．What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?
A．To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B．To sharpen students' communication skills.
C．To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D．To link space technology with school education.
11．What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?
A．Check their product.
B．Guide project designs.
C．Adjust work schedules.
D．Grade their homework.
12．What is the best title for the text?
A．NASA: The Home of Astronauts
B．Space: The Final Homework Frontier
C．Nature: An Outdoor Classroom
D．HUNCH：A College Admission Reform
答案与解析
语篇导读：本文为说明文。本文介绍了HUNCH项目就是通过Gordon的学生找到如何杀死空间站的细菌这一技术，把空间技术带进课堂，与学校教育相结合，从而最终影响到大学入学。
9．A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Bacteria are annoying problem for astronauts.The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.”可知，细菌对宇航员来说是个令人讨厌的问题。这种来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面不受控制地生长，宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们。也就是说它们很难去掉。其中的“the microorganisms”包括“bacteria”。由此可知， A项符合题意。
10．D 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers....Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity，...”可知，HUNCH旨在把高中教室和NASA的工程师联系起来。Gordon的学生一直在研究如何在零重力下杀死细菌，……。结合最后一段中的“Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem，...”可知，学生每天都给NASA的工程师发邮件一起探讨(如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术)这个问题。由此可推断出HUNCH program的目的是把空间技术与学校教育相结合。分析选项可知D项符合题意。
11．A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year ，present it to NASA, ”“Engineers come and really do an in-person review，and ...it's not a very nice thing at times.It's a hard business review of your product.”可知，NASA的工程师要检查学生所做的产品。分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。
12．B 主旨大意题。本文介绍了HUNCH项目把如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术引入Gordon学校的课堂，从而最终影响了大学入学。尤其是最后一段“HUNCH program has an impact on college admissions and practical life skills.”可知，本题的最佳答案为B。
课时跟踪训练3－2
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There are many________(精力充沛的) and ambitious people.
2．They provide financial and ________(实际的) help for disabled students.
3．He sees local history as an ________(延伸) of family history.
4．Students will gain ________(能力，技能) in a wide range of skills.
5．His hat ________(显示) him as a waiter.
答案
1．dynamic 2.practical 3.extension
4．competences 5.identifies
Ⅱ.用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
dive into, set out, be associated with, hang on, out of order, get through, ring back, ring off
1．Sorry, I have to________. It's time for me to go to work.
2．I'm sorry but my cell phone is________. It can't work now.
3．With face masks, air tanks and diving suits, men can________deep water and be at home with the fish.
4．These concerns may________strong feelings such as anger or shame.
5．I see. Can you call me back at this number when you________？
6．Know your choices when you________to research a paper.
7．Oh，________！ I think I know where they ended up.
8．He's not in；why don't you________after 6 o'clock?
答案
1．ring off 2.out of order 3.dive into
4．be associated with 5.get through 6.set out
7．hang on 8.ring back
Ⅲ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There have been a lot of comments recently surrounding 5G, the next generation of wireless technology.__1__ ？How might it change our lives?
5G stands for fifth generation, meaning the next step in the progression of technology to replace the current 4G system. Earlier “G” systems were designed to improve mobile communication operations. Each new technology brought major improvements in speed and greatly increased network capacity (容量)．__2__ .It is expected to permit more users to do more things at a faster rate.
However, technology experts say there is a major way that 5G is different from the earlier systems.__3__ .It will affect many more devices and industries than other “G” versions.
5G will help fuel future “smart cities” by connecting sensor networks. 5G is also expected to connect self-driving cars and support new technologies involving virtual reality (虚拟现实). Higher 5G speeds could also permit doctors to commonly perform remote medical operations. Factories and businesses could use 5G technology to increase automation and improve the collection of information.
__4__ .The increased data flow across 5G networks would give Internet attackers a lot more possibilities to steal and misuse data. In addition, the wider use of a 5G wireless network means any breakdown of the system would have more widespread and severe results. Such difficulties could affect public safety.__5__ , or a network breakdown could cause self-driving vehicles to crash.
A．Why is 5G so popular
B．What is this technology
C．Every coin has two sides
D．The new 5G system promises more of the same
E．It will move beyond mobile network technology
F．A breakdown of 5G networks may cause economic
losses
G．A failure during a doctor's remote operation could lead to death
答案与解析
语篇导读：本文属于说明文，介绍5G技术以及其优点，同时也存在安全风险。
1．B 分析文章结构可知，本文属于总分结构，文章主要就第一段的两个问题展开来写，根据第二段“5G stands for fifth generation, meaning the next step in the progression of technology to replace the current 4G system.”可知，第一个问题是关于5G概念，故选B。
2．D 根据前一句“Each new technology brought major improvements in speed and greatly increased network capacity (容量)．”可知，每一项新的通信技术都会速度提升，容量扩大，讲述新技术的作用，D选项，而5G会带来更多的东西，本句中的of the same与前一句呼应，切题，故选D。
3．E 根据后一句“It will affect many more devices and industries than other ‘G’ versions.”可知，与其他的四代通信产业相比，5G会影响更多的设备和产业，E选项，它的影响超过手机网络技术，后一句进一步说明该句，切题，故选E。
4．C 根据后文“The increased data flow across 5G networks would give Internet attackers a lot more possibilities to steal and misuse data.”可知，本段主要讲述5G技术可能存在的风险，故选C。
5．G 根据后一句“or a network breakdown could cause self-driving vehicles to crash.”可知，网络故障可能会导致自动驾驶汽车出车祸，讲述5G技术对公共安全可能造成的不利作用，G选项，远程手术的失败可能造成病人死亡，本句是对前一句的具体阐述，切题，故选G。
Ⅳ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2019年高考·课标全国卷Ⅰ)
Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They __1__ with them lots of waste. The __2__ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the __3__ of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I'm __4__ about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However, I soon __5__ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of __6__ among tons of rubbish. I find a __7__ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are __8__ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be __9__．
The best of a Kilimanjaro __10__， in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are __11__ as spiritual places by many cultures. This __12__ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as __13__ go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, __14__ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather __15__ — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I __16__ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland __17__： gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. __18__ you climb into an arctic-like zone with __19__ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro __20__ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.
1．A.keep B．mix
C．connect D．bring
2．A.stories B．buildings
C．crowds D．reporters
3．A.position B．age
C．face D．name
4．A.silent B．skeptical
C．serious D．crazy
5．A.discover B．argue
C．decide D．advocate
6．A.equipment B．grass
C．camps D．stones
7．A.remote B．quiet
C．tall D．clean
8．A.new B．special
C．significant D．necessary
9．A.paying off B．spreading out
C．blowing up D．fading away
10．A.atmosphere B．experience
C．experiment D．sight
11．A.studied B．observed
C．explored D．regarded
12．A.view B．quality
C．reason D．purpose
13．A.scientists B．climbers
C．locals D．officials
14．A.holding on to B．going back to
C．living up to D．giving way to
15．A.changes B．clears
C．improves D．permits
16．A.match B．imagine
C．count D．add
17．A.village B．desert
C．road D. lake
18．A.Obviously B．Easily
C．Consequently D．Finally
19．A.permanent B．little
C．fresh D．artificial
20. A．enjoy B．deserve
C．save D．acquire
答案与解析
语篇导读：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。每年有4万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山，他们带来了垃圾，破坏了这里的环境。再加上冰川的消失，改变着它的地貌。对此作者对这个地方很是怀疑，想一探究竟。当他来到这里，他发现当地环保措施很到位，同时作者发现乞力马扎罗山有多种生态系统。作者认为乞力马扎罗山不应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。
1．D 考查动词辨析。A.keep保持；B.mix混合；C.connect联系；D.bring带来。句意：他们带来了很多的垃圾。由“lots of waste”可知，登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D选项切题。
2．C 考查名词辨析。A.stories故事；B.buildings建筑物；C.crowds人群；D.reporters记者。句意：人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40，000”可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故C选项切题。
3．C 考查名词辨析。A.position位置；B.age年龄；C.face外貌；D.name名字。句意：冰川正在消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故C选项切题。
4．B 考查形容词辨析。A.silent 沉默的；B.skeptical怀疑的；C.serious严肃的；D.crazy疯狂的。句意：听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文可知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故be skeptical about“对……怀疑”符合句意。故B选项切题。
5．A 考查动词辨析。A.discover发现；B.argue争论；C.decide决定；D.advocate提倡。句意：然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由“much has changed ”可知，作者发现了很大的变化。故A选项切题。
6．C 考查名词辨析。A.equipment装备 ；B.grass 草C.camps 营地；D.stones石头。句意：我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由下文“at camps ”可知，本句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。
7．D 考查形容词辨析。A.remote遥远的；B.quiet安静的；C.tall高的； D．clean干净的。句意：我发现了一座干净的山，营地里和路边都有厕所。由“with toilets at camps and along the paths”可知，营地里和路边都有厕所。所以这是一座干净的山。故D选项切题。
8．C 考查形容词辨析。A.new新的；B.special特殊的；C.significant相当大的；D.necessary必要的。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知，很多的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失。这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。故C选项切题。
9．A 考查动词短语辨析。A.paying off还清，报偿；B.spreading out伸展；C.blowing up爆炸；D.fading away；逐渐消退。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。由“but”可知，前后表示转折关系，说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故A选项切题。
10．B 考查名词辨析。A.atmosphere氛围；B.experience经历；C.experiment实验；D.sight视力。句意：在我看来，来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B选项切题。
11．D 考查动词辨析。A.studied学习；B.observed观察；C.explored探索；D.regarded认为。句意：山被许多文化视为精神场所。由“spiritual places ”，可知，山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded as“被视为……”符合句意。故D选项切题。
12．A 考查名词辨析。A.view景色 ；B.quality质量；C.reason原因；D.purpose目的。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统，所以景色也是明显的不同。故A选项切题。
13．B 考查名词辨析。A.scientists科学家；B.climbers 登山者；C.locals当地人； D．officials官员。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色尤为明显。来到乞力马扎罗都是为了登山，也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故B选项切题。
14．D 考查动词短语辨析。A.holding on to抓住；B.going back to回到(原来的话题)；C.living up to履行；D.giving way to向……让步。句意：热带雨林在海拔3 000米处突然到了尽头，让位于大片的低矮植物。这里指热带雨林在海拔3 000米处突然到了尽头，所以海拔3 000米以上就是大片的低矮植物。 giving way to“向……让步”符合句意。故D选项切题。
15．A 考查动词辨析。A.changes改变；B.clears放晴；C.improves提高； D．permits允许。句意：再往上走，天气变了——低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由“low clouds ”可知，生态系统不同，天气也是不同的，是变化的。故A选项切题。
16．C 考查动词辨析。A.match匹配；B.imagine想象；C.count数；D.add增加。句意：我从站的地方数出了十二种绿色。由“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数出了十二种绿色。故C选项切题。
17．B 考查名词辨析。A.village村庄； B．desert 沙漠，荒地；C.road马路；D.lake湖 。句意：海拔4 000米以上是高山寒漠：砾石、石头和岩石。由“gravel，stones and rocks”可知，海拔4 000米以上是高山寒漠。故B选项切题。
18．D 考查副词辨析。A.Obviously明显地；B.Easily容易地；C.Consequently结果；D.Finally最后地。句意：海拔4 000米以上是高山寒漠：砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰川地区。故D选项切题。
19．A 考查形容词辨析。A.permanent永久的；B.little小的；C.fresh新鲜的；D.artificial人造的。句意：很明显，你爬进了一个类似北极的地带，那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由“arctic-like zone”可知，这是一个类似北极的地带，所以有永久性的积雪。故A选项切题。
20．B 考查动词辨析。A.enjoy享受；B.deserve值得；C.save挽救；D.acquire获得。句意：乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了宁静的气氛，它值得这样的名声吗？这里作者在疑问乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。以此对后面的回答做好铺垫。故B选项切题。
Ⅴ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
答案
课时跟踪训练3－3
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．The problem_______________(会上讨论过的)is very important.
2．You should________________(让你自己被人听到) when speaking.
3．She ________________(发现项链不见了) on her way home.
4．When we ________________ (看见这条路被阻断) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
5．Later they found that they ________________(迷失在森林中)．
答案
1．discussed at the meeting 2.make yourself heard
3．found her necklace gone 4.saw the road blocked
5．were lost in the forest
Ⅱ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2018年高考·课标全国卷Ⅲ)
Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens
Visitor Information
How_to_Get_to_Holker
By Car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere — 20 minutes, Kendal — 25 minutes, Lancaster — 45 minutes, Manchester — 1 hour 30 minutes.
By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.
Opening_Times
Sunday — Friday (closed on Saturday) 11：00am — 4：00pm, 30th March — 2nd November.
Admission_Charges
Hall & Gardens Gardens
Adults： ￡12.00 ￡8.00
Groups： ￡9.00 ￡5.50
Special Events
Producers'_Market 13th April
Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.
Holker_Garden_Festival 30th May
The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
National_Garden_Day 28th August
Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.
Winter_Market 8th November
This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.
1．How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?
A．20 minutes. B．25 minutes.
C．45 minutes. D．90 minutes.
2．How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens?
A．￡12.00. B．￡9.00.
C．￡8.00. D．￡5.50.
3．Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?
A．Producers' Market.
B．Holker Garden Festival.
C．National Garden Day.
D．Winter Market.
答案与解析
语篇导读：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了参观霍克庄园和花园的游客须知以及那里举行的特色活动。
1．D 事实细节题。由By car的内容中提到的Approximate travel times: Windermere — 20 minutes, Kendal — 25 minutes, Lancaster — 45 minutes，Manchester — 1 hour 30 minutes可知，从曼彻斯特开车到霍克庄园大概要一个半小时，也就是90分钟。
2．B 事实细节题。由Admission Charges的内容可直接看出团队参观霍克庄园和花园每人是9英镑。
3．D 事实细节题。由Winter Market的内容Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment可知在Winter Market活动中游客可以观看现场音乐表演。
B
When most of us look at our hands, we might notice that we need to clean, or stop biting our fingernails, and that's about it. But if you ask a doctor, he can see a whole lot more. Everything from poor diet and stress to serious kidney (肾) problems can be revealed by a glance at your fingernails.
There are about 30 different nail signs that can be associated with medical issues, though may indicate more than one problem, according to Dr. Amy Derick, a clinical instructor of dermatology at Northwestern University.
Here are five of the things a doctor can tell about your health based on your fingernails.
1. People who aren't eating well and lack vitamin or dietary may have thinner than normal nails, which are more likely to break.
2. Horizontal lines are associated with serious physical stress. They frequently occur in people who have gone through chemotherapy(化疗)．They can also occur after some illnesses, injuries, or with severe malnourishment(营养不良)．Interestingly, there may be an altitude connection too. They've also been found in people who dove 1，000 feet and others who participated in an Everest exploration.
3. Vertical lines, however, are generally not such a big deal. Some people are more genetically prone to them than others, but they're commonly associated with aging.
4. When people lack iron, their nails can turn spoon-like. Instead of curving down and covering the finger normally, they'll start to rise up on the sides and front, like the part of a spoon that holds liquid.
5. Kidney and liver problems can create “half-and-half nails”， where one part of the nail is white and the other part dark or pink, according to Derick.
Doctors note that because disease diagnosis is complex and some symptoms can be associated with different diseases, you should always see a medical professional if you are concerned about something you notice.
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Doctors can tell us something about our health by looking at our nails.
B．We should see a doctor if we find nails in bad condition.
C．A famous doctor in the USA conducted an interesting research.
D．If we don't want to get ill, we need to clean and stop biting our fingernails.
5．If we don't eat well or regularly, our fingernails may
________．
A．become harder than normal nails
B．become thinner than normal nails
C．become “half-and-half” nails
D．have horizontal and vertical lines
6．Who will have horizontal lines on the nails ?
A．A cancer patient who has received normal treatment.
B．Hungry African children suffering from severe malnourishment.
C．An explorer who had reached Zhangjiajie in Hunan Province.
D．A patient with serious illness, like kidney and liver problems.
7．Which of the following best describes the nails that show people lack iron?
A．The nails are thinner and more likely to break.
B．The nails will curve down and cover the fingers.
C．The nails will start to rise up on the sides and front.
D．The nails will change their colours on the surface.
答案与解析
语篇导读：本文是一篇科普说明类的文章，主要向大家介绍了一些不同的指甲状况所反映出的不同的身体健康状况，同时提醒人们要关注自己的健康。
4．A 推理判断题。根据首段But if you ask a doctor, he can see a whole lot more.Everything from poor diet and stress to serious kidney (肾) problems can be revealed by a glance at your fingernails及后文来看，本文主要向大家说明医生们可以通过人们指甲生长的不同状态来诊断这个人的身体健康状况，故选A。
5．B 细节判断题。根据People who aren't eating well and lack vitamin or dietary may have thinner than normal nails, which are more likely to break.可知吃的不够好或者营养不均衡的人指甲片可能会比正常人的要薄些，故选B。
6．B 细节判断题。根据They can also occur after some illnesses, injuries, or with severe malnourishment(营养不良)可知，营养不良的人有可能会在指甲上出现水平的线，故选B。
7．C 细节理解题。根据When people lack iron, their nails can turn spoon-like.Instead of curving down and covering the finger normally, they 'll start to rise up on the sides and front, like the part of a spoon that holds liquid可以判断，缺铁的人手指甲两边和前端更容易翘起，故选C。
C
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”
Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”
For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We're looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
8．What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A．To explore new means of transport.
B．To design new types of cars.
C．To find out older driver's problems.
D．To teach people traffic rules.
9．Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A. It keeps them independent.
B. It helps them save time.
C. It builds up their strength.
D. It cures their mental illnesses.
10．What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A．Improve their driving skills.
B．Develop driver-assist technologies.
C．Provide tips on repairing their cars.
D．Organize regular physical checkups.
11．What is the best title for the text?
A. A new Model Electric Car
B. A Solution to Traffic Problems
C. Driving Services for Elders
D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
答案与解析
语篇导读：为了了解老年司机所面临的问题，科研人员研制出DriveLAB，目的是能够帮助他们延长驾龄，从而保持积极、健康的生活方式。
8．C 细节理解题。根据文章首段的内容可知，研制 DriveLAB 的目的是为了更好地了解老年司机所面临的挑战。
9．A 推理判断题。根据第四段中 Phil Blythe 所说的“...driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others”可知，在Pil Blythe 看来，能够开车是老年人能够保持独立生活和自由外出的重要条件。
10．B 推理判断题。根据文章最后三段的内容可知，研究人员希望能够通过研制一些司机辅助技术来帮助老年司机延长驾龄、享受更多的独立生活。
11．D 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科研人员通过把电动车改装成一款“DriveLAB”来研究如何帮助解决老年司机在开车时遇到的问题，以便延长他们独立生活的时间，提高他们的生活质量。
课时跟踪训练3－4
Ⅰ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A Game of Light and Shade
It was a sunny day. I had gone up and down the tower when, outside the door at the foot, a blind man came toward me. In a moment, he disappeared up the stairs. I looked at the sign that said “To the Tower”， and decided to __1__ him.
I caught up with him in the ticket office. There I was __2__ to see the attendant (工作人员) selling him a ticket as if he were any other visitor. Then, with the ticket in one hand and __3__ the wall with the fingers of the other, the blind man reached the stairs __4__ to the hallway.
“That man is blind. What would a blind man climb up the tower for？” I said to the attendant, expecting him to show some __5__ , but he didn't answer.
“Not the __6__ certainly，” I said. “Perhaps he wants to __7__ .”
I bought a ticket and __8__ up the stairs. The man hadn't gone as far as I__9__ . A third of the way up the tower, I heard his __10__ . I slowed down and followed him at a little __11__ . He stopped from time to time. When he got to the balcony (阳台), I was a dozen steps __12__ . As I reached it, I saw him at the corner of the tower.
At last, after ten minutes, I __13__ him. “Excuse me，” I said as politely as I could, “but I am curious to know __14__ you came up.”
He smiled. “Coming up the stairs, you will notice how not just light but sun __15__ into the tower through the narrow windows here and there, so that you can feel the __16__ —the cool stairs suddenly become quite warm—and how up here behind the wall there is __17__ , but as soon as going opposite a window you can find the sun. There is no __18__ so good as this for feeling the difference between light and shade. It is not the first time I've come up.”
The blind man seemed quite __19__ , just like a child who was enjoying his favorite games. He told me the truth that blind men can also find the beauty in life __20__ they cannot enjoy the sights of the world.
1．A.accept B．follow
C．control D．visit
2．A.frightened B．disappointed
C．surprised D．embarrassed
3．A.touching B．climbing
C．hitting D．covering
4．A.pointing B．attaching
C．contributing D．leading
5．A.respect B．doubt
C．concern D．sympathy
6．A.view B．test
C．prize D．trick
7．A.kick B．jump
C．relax D．escape
8．A.struggled B．explored
C．wandered D．hurried
9．A.promised B．examined
C．imagined D．confirmed
10．A.steps B．words
C．secrets D．cheers
11．A. standard B．distance
C．expense D．intention
12．A.ahead B．around
C．outside D．behind
13．A.recognized B．surrounded
C．approached D．witnessed
14．A.why B．how
C．when D．whether
15．A.knocks B．pours
C．slides D．bursts
16．A.trend B．reaction
C．change D．honor
17．A.light B．space
C．mess D．shade
18．A.place B．signal
C．object D．period
19．A.nervous B．content
C．curious D．patient
20．A.unless B．because
C．once D．although
答案与解析
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文，作者跟随着一位盲人登塔，盲人告诉他尽管盲人们无法享受世界上的风景，但他们也能找到生活里的美。
1．B 考查动词辨析。A.accept接受；B.follow跟随；C.control控制；D.visit参观。句意：我看着“登塔”的指示牌，决定跟随他上去看具体情况。因为对于他登塔要做的事情，我很好奇。故B项正确。
2．C 考查形容词辨析。A.frightened害怕的；B.disappointed失望的；C.surprised惊讶的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。当我看见工作人员把他当作正常人一样，也卖票给他，我感觉很惊讶。故C项正确。
3．A 考查动词辨析及上下文串联。A.touching触摸；B.climbing攀登；C.hitting击中；D.covering覆盖。由第二句a blind man came toward me可知对方是一个盲人，所以他只能摸着墙向上攀登。故A项正确。
4．D 考查动词短语辨析。动词短语point to指向；attach...to...把……附在……之上；contribute to对……做贡献；lead to导致，通向。句中现在分词短语leading to the hallway作定语修饰名词the stairs，指通向走廊的楼梯。其余三项语义不搭配。故D项正确。
5．C 考查名词辨析。A.respect尊敬；B.doubt怀疑；C.concern担心；关心；D.sympathy同情。我告诉工作人员他是一个盲人，希望工作人员能够多关注他，因为他无法欣赏风景，他很可能是要登塔以后跳下去。故C项正确。
6．A 考查名词辨析。A.view风景；观点；B.test测试；C.prize奖品，奖励；D.trick诡计；把戏。我认为这个盲人不会到塔顶去看风景，他是想去跳楼；所以我才让工作人员关注他。故A项正确。
7．B 考查动词辨析。A.kick 踢；B.jump跳跃；C.relax放松；D.escape逃跑。我认为这个盲人不会到塔顶去看风景，他是想去跳楼；故B项正确。
8．D 考查动词辨析。A.struggled挣扎，斗争；B.explored探索；C.wandered徘徊，闲逛；D.hurried匆忙。由上文可知我非常担心这个盲人，买了票以后匆忙爬上楼梯跟着他查看他究竟想做什么。故D项正确。
9．C 考查动词辨析。A.promised 承诺；B.examined检查；C.imagined想象；D.confirmed确认。这个盲人爬得并没有我想象得那么远，在向上的楼梯三分之一的地方，我听到了他的脚步声。故C项正确。
10．A 考查名词辨析。A.steps脚步；B.words话；C.secrets秘密；D.cheers欢呼。这个盲人爬得并没有我想象得那么远，在向上的楼梯三分之一的地方，我听到了他的脚步声。于是我放慢脚步，在后面稍远处跟着他。故A项正确。
11．B 考查名词辨析。A.standard标准；B.distance距离；C.expense费用；D.intention目的，意图。在向上的楼梯三分之一的地方，我听到了他的脚步声。于是我放慢脚步，在后面稍远处跟着他。名词distance表示距离，故B项正确。
12．D 考查副词辨析。A.ahead在前面；B.around在附近；C.outside在外面；D.behind在后面。当他到阳台的时候，我在后面几十步的地方看着他。本句指我站在他的后面，观察他的行为。故D项正确。
13．C 考查动词辨析及上下文串联。A.recognized认出，意识到；B.surrounded包围；C.approached靠近；D.witnessed目睹，见证。根据下文“Excuse me”可知我靠近和他打招呼。故C项正确。
14．A 考查连接词辨析。作者一路跟着这位盲人登塔，主要是因为他不知道对方来这里的原因。所以句中使用why引导宾语从句。故A项正确。
15．B 考查动词辨析。A.knocks敲击；击中；B.pours倾倒；C.slides滑倒；D.bursts爆发。爬上楼梯，你注意到的不仅是光线，而且阳光会透过窗户照射到各处，这样就可以感受到这种变化，楼梯从凉爽突然变得很温暖。动词pour表示阳光透过窗户洒在楼梯上。故B项正确。
16．C 考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A.trend趋势，倾向；B.reaction反应；C.change改变；D.honor荣耀。从后句“the cool stairs suddenly become quite warm楼梯突然从凉爽变得温暖”，可知指这种变化。故C项正确。
17．D 考查生活常识及名词辨析。A.light光线；B.space空间；C.mess杂乱；D.shade阴影。根据生活常识可知在“behind the wall墙体的后面”通常都有阴影。故D项正确。
18．A 考查名词辨析。A.place地方；B.signal信号；C.object物体；D.period阶段；时期。句意：没有什么地方和这里一样可以很好的感觉光线和阴影之间的差别。我不是第一次来这里了。这位盲人告诉作者在这里他可以很好地感受光线和阴影的差别，所以他才会来这个地方。故A项正确。
19．B 考查形容词辨析及上下文串联。A.nervous紧张的；B.content满足的；满意的；C.curious好奇的；D.patient耐心的。根据后半句“just like a child who was enjoying his favorite games就像是欣赏自己最喜欢的孩子一样”，说明这个盲人非常满意这个世界给予他的这一切。故B项正确。
20．D 考查连词辨析。A.unless除非；B.because因为；C.once一旦；D.although尽管。他告诉我尽管盲人们无法享受世界上的风景，但他们也能找到生活里的美。根据句意可知上下文之间是转折关系，要用although引导让步状语从句。故D项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Solar energy systems & power plants do not produce air pollution, water pollution, or greenhouse gases. Using solar energy can have a positive, indirect effect on the environment, when solar energy replaces or reduces the use of other energy sources that have larger effects on the environment.
However, some poisonous materials and chemicals are used to make the photovoltaic ( 光电池的) cells that convert sunlight into electricity. Some solar thermal (保热的) systems use potentially hazardous liquids to transfer heat. Leaks of these materials could be harmful to the environment. U. S. environmental laws regulate the use and settlement of these types of materials.
As with any type of power plant, large solar power plants can affect the environment near their locations. The placement of the power plant may have long-term effects on the habitats of native plants and animals. Some solar power plants may require water for cleaning solar collectors and concentrators or for cooling turbine generators. Using large volumes of ground water or surface water in some dry locations may affect the ecosystems that depend on these water resources. In addition, the beam of concentrated sunlight a solar power tower creates can kill birds and insects that fly into the beam.
The amount of solar energy that the earth receives each day is many times greater than the total amount of all energy that people consume each day. However, on the surface of the earth, solar energy is a variable and irregular energy source. The amount of sunlight and the intensity of sunlight varies by time of day and location. Weather and climate conditions affect the availability of sunlight daily and on a seasonal basis. The type and size of a solar energy collection and conversion system determines how much of the available solar energy we can convert into useful energy.
1．Which of the following best explains “hazardous” underlined in Paragraph 2?
A．inexpensive B．dangerous
C．ineffective D．abnormal
2．What influence can large solar power plants have on the locations?
A．Polluting the ground water.
B．Protecting the habitats of plants and animals.
C．Damaging the local natural balance.
D．Attracting birds and insects to the area.
3．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A．Different areas receive different amount of solar energy.
B．How to convert solar energy into useful energy.
C．The relationship between solar energy collection and the sunlight.
D．Some factors that influence the amount of solar energy collection.
答案与解析
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太阳能发电的潜在弊端以及影响太阳能收集量的几个因素。
1．B 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“However, some poisonous materials and chemicals are used to make the photovoltaic ( 光电池的) cells that convert sunlight into electricity.”可知，然而，一些有毒的材料和化学物质被用来制造将阳光转化为电能的光伏电池，一些太阳能保温系统使用潜在危险的液体来传递热量，由此可知画线词词义为“危险的”，故B项正确。
2．C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The placement of the power plant may have long-term effects on the habitats of native plants and animals.”可知，大型太阳能发电厂的选址可能会对当地动植物的栖息地产生长期的影响，也就是会破坏当地自然平衡，故C项正确。
3．D 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“However, on the surface of the earth, solar energy is a variable and irregular energy source.The amount of sunlight and the intensity of sunlight varies by time of day and location.Weather and climate conditions affect the availability of sunlight daily and on a seasonal basis.”可知，在地球表面，太阳能是一种可变的和不规则的能源，阳光的数量和强度随着一天的时间和地点而变化，天气和气候条件影响每日和季节性的阳光供应，由此可知，本段主要介绍的是影响太阳能收集量的几个因素，故D项正确。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Parkour(跑酷) is a sport which trains people to deal with any physical obstacles in their path. It is not a competition but a physical training. A person joining in parkour is called traceur. Traceurs run along a path and use only their bodies to deal with obstacles in the most efficient way. Parkour pays more attention to efficiency, __1__(make) it different from the similar practice of free running. Parkour __2__(common) includes running, jumping, climbing, rolling and other similar types of physical movements. Many teenagers think that parkour is quite __3__ cool sport. They have great interest in it.
The __4__(invent) of parkour can't __5__(give) to one person because many people have worked on it. A french officer developed the earlier form of parkour. The term “parkour” was first introduced by David Belle and Sebastiar Foucan in the early 1980s. __6__ that time, they were two teenagers. This sport __7__(become) more popular in the 1990s when many films were made on it.
__8__ makes parkour different from other sports is its power to bring people together. It allows traceurs to forget the __9__(society) and other problems, and makes a large group work and grow together instead of competing with each other. People can benefit from parkour as it can make them stronger. Still, it also influences one's thought process by improving self-confidence and critical-thinking skills. In this way, parkour allows one to deal with __10__(difficulty) in daily life if he or she deals with them through parkour.
答案与解析
语篇导读：本文为说明文，介绍跑酷运动。
1．making 句意：跑酷更注重效率，这使它不同于类似的自由跑步练习。此处是现在分词作自然的结果状语。可知答案为making。
2．commonly 副词修饰动词，故答案为commonly。
3．a 句意：很多青少年认为跑酷是一项很酷的运动。根据句意可知答案为a。
4．invention 句意：跑酷的发明不可能被给予一个人，因为很多人致力于它。根据句意可知此处用名词形式，故答案为invention。
5．be given 句意：跑酷的发明不可能被给予一个人，因为很多人致力于它。根据句意可知句子用含情态动词的被动语态，故答案为be given。
6．At 固定结构：at that time在那时，故答案为At。
7．became 根据in the 1990s可知句子用一般过去时态，故答案为became。
8．What 句意：使跑酷不同于其他运动的是它能把人们聚到一起。根据句意可知此处是what引导的主语从句。
9．social 句意：跑酷会让跑酷者忘记社会的和其他的烦恼。形容词修饰名词，故答案为social。
10．difficulties 句意：跑酷允许一个人处理日常生活中出现的困难的事。根据句意可知用名词复数，故答案为difficulties。
Ⅳ.书面表达
(2019年高考·课标全国卷Ⅲ)
假定你是李华，你校将举办音乐节。请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友Allen参加，内容包括：
1. 时间；
2. 活动安排；
3. 欢迎他表演节目。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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答案
Dear Allen，
I'm writing to invite you to the annual Music Festival to be held next Sunday in our school.We would be delighted to have you there with us.
This year the music festival will provide various activities where many students will put on some performances.Knowing that you are a music lover, I think it would be a great idea if you could participate in it.You can sing a song or play a kind of musical instrument such as violin or piano.In addition, you can also appreciate the performance of other students.I'm sure you will enjoy yourself in the activity.
I really hope that you can attend the music festival and please let me know your decision soon.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
