课时跟踪训练5－1
Ⅰ.选词填空
alternative, assume, tentative, regardless of, at most, cut up, sharpen, starvation, analysis, ripen
1．His________were always so convincing.
2．I'll take the job________the pay.
3．It will take two hours________to get there，so you needn't be too worried.
4．Her voice________as she became impatient.
5．We are waiting for the first fruits to________．
6．It is reasonable to________that the economy will continue to improve.
7．________the meat before you put them into the pot.
8．Since the old woman had nothing to eat for several days, she died of________finally.
9．If you don't like to eat food of the school dining hall，you have the ________of bringing your own.
10．The day was so dark that each step he took was slightly________．
答案
1．analyses 2.regardless of 3.at most
4．sharpened 5.ripen 6.assume 7.Cut up
8．starvation 9.alternative 10.tentative
Ⅱ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Just in time for National Popcorn Day, a new study shows that people in what's now Peru were eating the snack about 2，000 years earlier than we thought.
Coastal peoples were preparing corn-based foods up to 6，700 years ago, according to analysis of remains of the ancient corn recently discovered at the Paredones and Huaca Prieta archaeological sites on Peru's northern coast.
Previously, evidence of corn as a food about 5，000 years ago had mostly come from what are called microfossils—microscopic remains that do not offer information on the size and shape of the corncobs (玉米棒). But the newly found corn remains revealed a lot, via radiocarbon dating and other tests.
The people who lived in Paredones and Huaca Prieta probably cooked corn in several ways: Wrapping a corncob and resting it on coals, roasting a corncob directly over a flame, or cooking a corncob in an earthen oven. In this culture, corn was a delicious food or a minor supplement to the diet—archaeological evidence shows they did not eat it in large amounts.
Corn was first grown in Mexico about 9，000 years ago from a wild grass called teosinte, according to Piperno, whose research has been published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. A few thousand years later, corn was brought to South America, where farmers bred the plant crop into hundreds of varieties.
Indeed, what surprised Piperno most about the new research was the diversity of corn—from corncob shapes to kernel (玉米粒) colors discovered in the new-found remains. “Farmers like to experiment and grow cool things，” she said.
1．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Ancient popcorn was eaten about 2，000 years earlier than thought in Peru.
B．A new discovery revealed the mystery about corn.
C．How was corn cooked in ancient Peru and South America?
D．National Popcorn Day and the new-found corn remains in Peru.
2．From the passage we can learn that microfossils of corn ________ .
A．showed that people began cooking corn about 5，000 years ago
B．offered detailed information on the size of the ancient corncobs
C．showed the specific shape of the ancient corncobs
D．were analyzed by scientists via radiocarbon dating
3．What can we know about the newly found corn remains?
A．They revealed people in Paredones and Huaca Prieta never roasted a corncob directly over a flame.
B．They revealed people in Paredones and Huaca Prieta lived mainly on corn-based foods.
C．They showed us how ancient farmers bred corn from a wild grass.
D．They offered more information on ancient corn than microfossils of corn.
4．What can we know from the last paragraph?
A．Remains of ancient corn were found in different places of the world.
B．Various kinds of corn were discovered in the new-found corn remains.
C．Ancient corncob shapes and kernel colors are quite different from those of today.
D．Piperno likes to experiment and grow cool things.
答案与解析
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的考古研究发现人类在距今约6 700年前已开始食用玉米，比之前所认为的时间提前了约两千年。
1．A 标题判断题。由文章主旨段第一段并纵观全文可知，文章讲的是新的研究发现，人类开始食用玉米的时间比我们认为的还要早大约2 000年，故选A。
2．A 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话中的“Previously, evidence of corn as a food about 5 000 years ago had mostly come from what are called microfossils”可知，玉米微化石显示人们在大约5 000年前已开始以玉米为食物。
3．D 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句话中的“...microscopic remains that do not offer information on the size and shape of the corncobs”和第二句话“But the newly found corn remains revealed a lot ...”可知，新发现的玉米遗迹能够比玉米微化石提供更多的关于古代玉米的信息。
4．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的“what surprised Piperno most about the new research was the diversity of corn-from corncob shapes to kernel (玉米粒) colors discovered in the new-found remains”可知B项正确。
B
In Canada and the United States, there is a new group of children called “satellite kids”， who live in one place but whose parents live in another place. Asians are immigrating (移民) to Canada and the United States in larger numbers than ever before.
Most Asians immigrate because they believe that they can give their children a better education in the West. In Asia, especially in China, Japan, and Korea, it is difficult to go to university. Students must first pass the strict national examination. However, in Canada and the United States, it is easy to go to university, and anyone who wants to go can go. As a result, Asian parents decide to leave their countries so that their children can go to university. The problem is that when Asians arrive, they discover that finding a job and making money are more difficult in the West than in the East. Also, they find that they are very lonely, and that they miss their homes. For these two reasons, most Asian parents decide to go back to work while their children study in the West. Therefore, these children become “satellite kids”， and most of their parents do not know how sad it is to be a “satellite kid”. Only until now are Canadians and Americans discovering the “satellite kid” problem. Because these children do not speak English and because their parents are not there to take care of them, they are often absent from school. To be a “satellite kid” means to grow up in a country where you know you are different and where you cannot make friends because you do not speak English well. Also, it means to grow up lonely, because your parents are elsewhere. What these “satellite kids” will probably say to their parents is that it's better to have parents around than to have a university education.
5．Some Asian parents send their kids abroad because __________．
A．they hope their children may easily find a job there
B．all foreign universities are better than the ones in their own countries
C．the kids may not be accepted by universities in their own countries
D．the kids want to improve their English and make foreign friends
6．“Satellite kids” refer to Asian kids__________．
A．without parents
B．speaking no English
C．with university education
D．living abroad alone
7．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Parents want better education for their kids
B．Parents feel lonely and miss their families
C．Kids in foreign countries alone are badly in need of care from family
D．Canadians and Americans begin to notice the “satellite kids” problem
答案与解析
语篇导读：本文主要讲述了许多亚洲国家的父母将自己的孩子送出国，其实孩子在国外最需要的是父母的陪伴与爱。
5．C 推理判断题。根据第二段中“In Asia, especially in China, Japan, and Korea, it is difficult to go to university.Students must first pass the strict national examination.However, in Canada and the United States, it is easy to go to university, ”可知，有些亚洲学生留学是因为考不上国内的大学，故选C。
6．D 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“most Asian parents decide to go back to work while their children study in the West.”可知，父母都回国了而他们就留在外国上学，故选D。
7．C 主旨大意题。根据文章的内容可知，许多亚洲国家的父母将自己的孩子送出国，其实孩子在国外最需要的是父母的陪伴，故选C。
C
(2018年高考·课标全国卷Ⅱ)
We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane，surrounded by people who are, like us，deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What's the problem? It's possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging, or we think it's annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers，consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't event exist if it weren't for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk，” he explains, “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband，” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners，” he says.
8．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A．Addition to smartphones.
B．Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C．Absence of communication between strangers.
D．Impatience with slow service.
9．What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?
A．Showing good manners.
B．Relating to other people.
C．Focusing on a topic.
D．Making business deals.
10．What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?
A．It improves family relationships.
B．It raises people's confidence.
C．It matters as much as a formal talk.
D．It makes people feel good.
11．What is the best title for the text?
A．Conversation Counts
B．Ways of Making Small Talk
C．Benefits of Small Talk
D．Uncomfortable Silence
答案与解析
语篇导读：本文为一篇说明文，讲述人际交往中闲聊的重要性。
8．C 细节理解题。根据题干的关键词“first paragraph”定位到文章的第一段，根据内容surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence ，表达含义是：围绕着一些，就像我们这样的，专注手机的人或者更为糟糕的是在这种令人不舒服的寂静中挣扎，所以选项C正确。
9．B 细节理解题。根据题干的关键词“successful small talk 和Carducci” 定位到文章的第三段Carducci所说的三句话，分别是Small talk is the grease for social communication; Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk; 最核心的句子是最后一句：The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.表达含义是：成功谈话的关键是学会如何和别人产生联系而不仅仅是和他们交流，所以选项B正确。
10．D 细节理解题。根据题干的关键词“coffee-shop study” 定位到文章的第四段第一句末尾，根据两组对比产生的结果：The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.表达含义是：结果显示这些和服务员闲聊的人都会报告说有更积极的感受和更好的咖啡店的体验，所以选项D正确。
11．C 标题归纳题。根据题干的关键词“best title”得知这是一道标题归纳题，所以这道题只有纵观全文，当然可以借助前面两道题的题干知道文章关键词就是“small talk”，所以锁定B和C项，再结合文章大意得知文章重点描述：小对话的好处而非如何进行小对话，所以选项C正确。
课时跟踪训练5－2
Ⅰ.单句填空
1．My calculations were based on the __________(assume) that house prices would remain steady.
2．Our goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable __________(不管，不顾) his financial situation.
3．Has the electricity been cut __________？
4．Every year ，a great many visitors come to visit the temple ____________(date) from the 12th century , which has brought a large income.
5．Look at the trouble I am in ！If only I__________(follow) your advice.
答案
1．assumption 2.regardless of 3.off 4.dating
5．had followed
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2019年高考·课标全国卷Ⅰ)
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” __1__ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
__2__ If the air you're breathing is clean－which it would be if you're away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). __3__ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪)．Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. __4__ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
__5__While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
A．Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B．So what are you waiting for?
C．Being in nature refreshes us.
D．Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E．But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F．Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
G．All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
答案与解析
语篇导读：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处：新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人了。
1．E 根据下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E选项是一般疑问句。故选E：但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲说的那样对你有好处吗？空前的people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said”亦是呼应。
2．A 根据下一句中提到的“If the air you're breathing is clean...the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的，充满活力的氧气。下文中“...breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选A选项：新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。
3．G 根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G选项提到该类名词，故选项G：在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。these places就是指Healing Gardens。
4．C 前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用：绿色的正在成长的植物可以减轻压力，降低血压，使人情绪良好。空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的it也要指代这种情况。故C选项切题：身处大自然可以使人精神焕发。
5．D 根据下文中提到的“the sun's rays...give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍的阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。选项中只有D选项涉及阳光。故选D：获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。
Ⅲ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2019年高考·北京卷)
Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.
A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been __1__ free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started __2__ his car to the young people, Wilson has __3__ an astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous __4__ with the students he transports to and from school. The students who he's __5__ have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they've also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students __6__ call him “Grandpa”．
Tina Stern __7__ rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free __8__. “It's not just a ride；you're not just sitting there in __9__ silence or with your headphones on.” Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually __10__ the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he'll __11__ those things.”
Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation, On Point for College. Although the __12__ asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes __13__ to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration，Wilson is there to __14__ them. If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never __15__ to buy them a meal.
For many students, Wilson's help is not only appreciated, it's also entirely __16__ for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students don't have a reliable car, while others have to __17__ vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has __18__ them to complete their education — but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the __19__. “I just love driving and I love these kids，” Wilson said.“ It's such a(n) __20__ to be a part of these kids' lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories.”
1．A.linking B．sending
C．offering D．distributing
2．A.donating B．lending
C．delivering D．volunteering
3．A.paved B．covered
C．measured D．wandered
4．A.arguments B．interviews
C．negotiations D．conversations
5．A.met B．driven
C．addressed D．greeted
6．A.even B．ever
C．once D．already
7．A.earned B．received
C．assessed D．demanded
8．A.transportation B．style
C．time D．communication
9．A.forced B．awkward
C．ridiculous D．suspicious
10．A.selects B．recites
C．guesses D．remembers
11．A.act on B．settle on
C．check on D．agree on
12．A.club B．league
C．college D．programme
13．A.far B．around
C．beyond D．forwards
14．A.assist B．watch
C．urge D．warn
15．A.expects B．attempts
C．manages D．hesitates
16．A.extra B．unusual
C．necessary D．adequate
17．A.share B．fuel
C．repair D．exchange
18．A.required B. allowed
C．reminded D．convinced
19．A.experience B．arrangement
C．appreciation D．employment
20．A.effort B．ambition
C．privilege D．convenience
答案与解析
语篇导读：这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了76岁的Paul Wilson八年来一直免费接送低收入的学生上学的感人事迹。
1．C 考查动词辨析。A.linking连接；B.sending寄送； C．offering提供；D.distributing分配。根据第一段可知，Paul Wilson确保低收入的学生按时到达学校。由此可以推知，该句应指：Wilson给那些学生提供免费的乘车服务。故C选项正确。
2．D 考查动词辨析。A.donating 捐献，捐赠；B.lending借出；C.delivering发表，投递；D.volunteering自愿。根据上文中的“free rides”可知，Wilson是主动自愿将自己的汽车提供给那些学生的。故D选项正确。
3．B 考查动词辨析。A.paved铺设，安排；B.covered行走，覆盖；C.measured测量，判断；D.wandered 徘徊，漫步。Wilson让那些学生免费搭车，迄今他已经行程64 000英里。表示“行走一段路程”，应用cover。故B选项正确。
4．D 考查名词辨析。A.arguments争论；B.interviews接见，采访；C.negotiations谈判；D.conversations谈话。 Wilson在接送学生们上下学的过程中，和学生之间有愉快幽默的“谈话，交谈”，故D选项正确。
5．B 考查动词辨析。A.met 遇见；B.driven驾车，开车；C.addressed从事，忙于，写地址；D.greeted问候，迎接。根据上文可知，Wilson每天接送那些学生，这些学生现在已经成为了物理学家，教师，工程师等。该空应该对应上一句中的“he transports to and from school”， drive意为“驾车送(人)”。故B选项正确。
6．A 考查副词辨析。A.even甚至；B.ever永远，曾经；C.once一次，曾经；D.already已经。这些学生将Wilson当作他们的偶像和朋友，有的甚至称他为“爷爷”。该空表示递进，故A选项正确。
7．B 考查动词辨析。A.earned获得；B.received收到；C.assessed评估；D.demanded要求。根据后面的介词from可以推知，Tina Stern从Wilson那儿获得免费的乘车机会。故B选项正确。
8．A 考查名词辨析。A.transportation 运输，运送；B.style风格，类型；C.time时间，次数；D.communication交流。对Tina Stern来说，这些行程不仅仅只是免费的运送而已。transportation意为“运送”。故A选项正确。
9．B 考查形容词辨析。A.forced强迫的；B.awkward尴尬的，笨拙的；C.ridiculous可笑的；D.suspicious 可疑的，怀疑的。Tina说：“那不仅仅是坐车而已。你并不只是坐在那儿，陷入令人尴尬的沉默中，也不是戴着耳麦坐在那儿。” 坐在车里，彼此不交谈，只是沉默，这当然是令人尴尬的。故B选项正确。
10．D 考查动词辨析。A .selects选择；B.recites 背诵；C.guesses猜测；D.remembers记住，记得。每次坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。故D选项正确。
11．C 考查动词短语辨析。A.act on对……起作用；B.settle on定居，决定；C.check on检查，核实；D.agree on对……取得一致意见。在坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候， Wilson会检查上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。故C选项正确。
12．D 考查名词辨析。A.club俱乐部；B.league联盟，社团；C.college大学；D.programme项目，计划。Wilson最初通过一个非盈利组织On Point for College的一个项目作了一名司机。该项目只要求它的成员们接送孩子们上下学。根据上句中的“student-support programme”可知，D选项正确。
13．C 考查副词辨析。A.far远地；B.around到处；C.beyond更远处，超过；D.forwards向前。结合下文中提到的“If they have problems with registration, Wilson is there to __14__ them.If they run out of...If a student gets hungry...”可知，Wilson的所作所为超过了该项目的要求。故C选项正确。
14．A 考查动词辨析。A.assist帮助；B.watch观看；C.urge强烈要求；D.warn警告。如果孩子们在登记方面有问题，Wilson会去帮助他们(解决相关的问题)。故A选项正确。
15．D 考查动词辨析。A.expects期望；B.attempts试图；C.manages经营，设法；D.hesitates犹豫。从上文举的例子可知，该部分都表达的是Wilson对孩子们的帮助。因此该处应指：当孩子们在上下学的途中饿了的时候，Wilson都会马上给他们去买吃的，从未犹豫过。故D选项正确。
16．C 考查形容词辨析。A.extra额外的；B.unusual不寻常的；C.necessary必需的；D.adequate充足的，适当的。根据下文中“Some students don't have a reliable car, while others....For them, riding with Wilson has __18__ them to complete their education”可以推知，对于那些乘车有困难的学生来说，乘坐Wilson的车对于他们完成大学教育来说是必需的。故C选项正确。
17．A 考查动词辨析。A.share分享；B.fuel加燃料；C.repair修理；D.exchange交换。有的学生没法得到可靠的汽车，有的学生必须和他们一周工作六天的家长共用车辆。表示“共用”，需用share。故A选项正确。
18．B 考查动词辨析。A.required需要；B.allowed允许；C.reminded提醒，使想起；D.convinced说服，使信服。乘坐Wilson的汽车使得他们可以完成大学教育。表示“使得某人做某事，使某人能够做某事”应该用allow sb.to do sth.。故B选项正确。
19．A 考查名词辨析。A.experience经历，经验；B.arrangement安排；C.appreciation欣赏，感激；D.employment 雇用，使用。Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。A选项正确。
20．C 考查名词辨析。A.effort努力；B.ambition雄心，志向；C.privilege荣幸，特权，优待；D.convenience 方便，便利。Wilson认为自己从接送学生们上学的“经历”中受益颇多。在这个过程中，他认识了这些学生，听到他们的故事，他认为这是自己的“荣幸”，故C选项正确。
Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意： 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I was little, Friday's night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
答案
课时跟踪训练5－3
Ⅰ.用所给单词的正确形式填空
1．I________(wait) for you for two hours.
2．We________(know) each other since childhood.
3．Be careful! John________(paint) the door.
4．She has a headache because she________(read) too long. She ought to stop.
5．She________(lie) in bed for a week.
6．Both of them________(be) in Hong Kong for ten days.
7．She________always________(work) like that.
8．I________ (not finish) my homework. Can you help me?
9．My father________(read) this book since yesterday.
10．I________(write)the letter all the morning.
答案
1．have been waiting/have waited 2.have known
3．has been painting 4.has been reading
5．has been lying 6.have been
7．has；been working 8.haven't finished
9．has been reading 10.have been writing
Ⅱ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
My son has poliomyelitis (小儿麻痹)and he suffered from it a lot. When he was young, my wife and I took him to see so many doctors and got different kinds of treatments. But still, he couldn't walk like a normal kid.
So he was laughed at by his peers for his walking style. His tears burnt our eyes like sulphuric acid (硫酸 ). Then, he became afraid of going to school. He wouldn't go anymore.
One night, my wife had a breakdown and shouted at him, “I tell you, my kid, you might be like this forever. You are a freak in other people's eyes, and perhaps it would never change. But in my eyes, in your dad's eyes, you are not a freak! You are not! Even if you are, we love you and we will love you forever！” My son spoke nothing for two days. He didn't eat or sleep. We could read he was hurt. We hoped something wonderful would fall in our family. On the third morning, he struggled to walk to my car, with his school bag in his hand of course. He raised his head high and hugged me, saying “I want to go to school. Nothing will beat me.”
You know, from then on, he was never afraid of being mocked or despised anymore. If he couldn't avoid these looks, he chose to look at them in the eyes. Later, something nice really happened and my son went to MIT. When he was asked how he managed to bear the pressure, he said, “Because of my parents.”
My dear fellows, if you care too much about how other people look at you or what their opinions are, you will never become what you want to be.
1．The author's son was laughed at by his peers, because
________．
A．he didn't do well in his lessons
B．he walked in a strange way
C．he was from a poor family
D．he often burst into tears
2．After hearing what the mother said, the son________．
A．quarreled with his mother and left home angrily
B．went to school unwillingly without speaking anything
C．burst out crying complaining about his bad experience
D．didn't say anything without eating or sleeping for two days
3．Which of the following is NOT right according to the passage?
A．The boy was brave to face any difficulty after being encouraged by his mother.
B．The boy achieved success and was admitted to a famous university.
C．The boy finally could walk like a normal child after some treatments.
D．The boy owed his success to his parents and was grateful to them.
4．From the passage we can say the boy is________．
A．confident and outgoing
B．brave and hard-working
C．wise and easy-going
D．determined and brave
答案与解析
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者儿子因患有小儿麻痹症而受到同龄人的嘲笑，然而在作者妻子的鼓励之下，儿子最终获得了成功。
1．B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的he couldn't walk like a normal kid和第二段中的So he was laughed at by his peers for his walking style可得知，儿子由于患有小儿麻痹症，他不能够像别的孩子一样正常走路，因此被同龄人嘲笑。故选B。
2．D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的My son spoke nothing for two days.He didn't eat or sleep可知，听了妈妈的话之后，儿子两天不吃不睡，也不说话。故选D。
3．C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知，在母亲鼓励儿子之后，儿子敢于正视别人异样的眼光，克服困难，最终取得成功，被麻省理工学院录取，而他把自己的成功归功于父母的鼓励和帮助。因此A、B、D项正确，C项在文中没有提及。
4．D 推理判断题。通读全文，从这个励志小故事中能够看出作者的儿子是一个勇敢、意志坚定、有决心的人。故选D。
B
When was the last time you used plastic plates? Next time, why not try some edible ones? You'll help the environment and your guests won't go hungry.
“I used to work in school catering and saw a lot of money being thrown away. I thought that was criminal, so I decided to do something about it，” said Italian school chef Tiziano Vicentini.Now, Vicentini has an amazing range of edible plates for schools. The plates are made out of bread dough, so you can eat them afterwards. “These dishes cost a few pennies each and are either eaten by the kids, or go into recycling bins for animal food，” explained Vicentini, 50, of Milan.
But now other companies are developing edible plates, too. The Edible Plate Company offers edible plates, bowls, trays and cups. Their products are environmentally-friendly, 100% biodegradable and can be used for all types of catering and home use. And they're made from a natural plant. After use, they can be fed to animals or left to degrade naturally. They also have a range of cutlery (餐具)made from corn and potato starch (淀粉)．
These plates will also help reduce the amount of plastic we create. Waste from plastic causes a lot of damage to the environment, as well as costing governments millions in waste management. Plastic bags often end up in landfill sites or on the street. And the burning of plastic waste causes toxic gases that pollute the air.
In response to this,_governments around the world are introducing tough recycling regulations. And many shops are offering biodegradable plastic bags and eco-safe packaging on their products. To help matters, the International Organization for Standardization (the ISO) has also developed a system to evaluate the biodegradability of products, with a certification and logo scheme. Meanwhile, how about a nice plate for lunch?
5．Which of the following is NOT the advantage of edible plates?
A．They are expensive.
B．They can degrade naturally.
C．They are environmentally-friendly.
D．They are made from natural plant.
6．Which of the following statements is true?
A．Tiziano is from Germany.
B．Edible plates are only used for school catering.
C．Corn and potato starch can be used to make cutlery.
D．The Edible Plate Company doesn't produce edible bowls.
7．What does the underlined word “this” refer to?
A．The air pollution.
B．The edible cutlery.
C．The toxic gases caused by the burning of plastic.
D．The damage to the environment caused by plastic waste.
8．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．The measures to stop the pollution.
B．The ways to reduce the plastic waste.
C．How to make edible plates from natural plants.
D．The plate solution to eating and environmental problem.
答案与解析
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是饮食和环境问题的解决方案。
5．A 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Their products are environmentally-friendly, 100% biodegradable and can be used for all types of catering and home use.And they're made from a natural plant.After use, they can be fed to animals or left to degrade naturally.”可知，“昂贵”不是edible plates的优势。故选A。
6．C 细节理解题。根据第三段“They also have a range of cutlery(餐具) made from corn and potato starch(淀粉)．”可知，玉米和马铃薯淀粉可用于制作餐具。故选C。
7．D 代词指代题。根据第四段“Waste from plastic causes a lot of damage to the environment, as well as costing governments millions in waste management.Plastic bags often end up in landfill sites or on the street.And the burning of plastic waste causes toxic gases that pollute the air.和第五段In response to this, governments around the world are introducing tough recycling regulations.” 塑料垃圾对环境造成了很大的破坏，同时也给政府带来了数百万的垃圾管理。塑料袋经常会出现在垃圾填埋场或街道上。而燃烧的塑料垃圾会导致有毒气体污染空气。作为对此的回应，世界各国政府正在出台严格的回收法规。由此可知this指的是“塑料垃圾对环境造成的破坏。”故选D。
8．D 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“When was the last time you used plastic plates? Next time, why not try some edible ones? You'll help the environment and your guests won't go hungry.”可知，本文讲述的是饮食和环境问题的解决方案。故选D。
C
(2019年高考·课标全国卷Ⅱ)
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.
Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demerit, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
9．What are the statistics in Paragraph 2 about?
A．Food variety. B．Eating habits.
C．Table manners. D．Restaurant service.
10．Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A．To meet with her coworkers.
B．To catch up with her work.
C．To have some time on her own.
D．To collect data for her report.
11．What do we know about Mazoleny?
A. He makes videos for the bar.
B. He's fond of the food at the bar.
C. He interviews customers at the bar.
D. He's familiar with the barkeeper.
12．What is the text mainly about?
A．The trend of having meals alone.
B．The importance of self-reflection.
C．The stress from working overtime.
D．The advantage of wireless technology.
答案与解析
语篇导读：一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
9．B 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。
10．C 细节理解题。根据第三段“A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.” “Today, I just wanted some time to myself.”可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选C。
11．D 推理判断题。根据第四段“He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.”可知Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里，查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选D。
12．A 主旨大意题。一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。
课时跟踪训练5－4
Ⅰ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
After 20 years of marriage, my wife wanted me to take another woman out to__1__. She said, “I love you, but I know this other woman loves you too.”
The other woman that my wife wanted me to visit was my mother, who has been a widow (寡妇) for 19 years, but my busy life had made it impossible to visit her __2__ . That night I called to __3__ her out for dinner.
“What's wrong? Are you well？” she asked. My mother is the type of woman who suspects that a late night __4__ is a sign of bad news.
“I thought that it would be pleasant to spend some time with you，” I__5__．
She thought about it for a moment, and __6__ . During the dinner, we had an agreeable conversation — __7__ extraordinary but recent events of each other's life.
Before we __8__ , she said, “I'll go out with you again, __9__ only if you let me invite you.”
A few days __10__ , my mother died of a heart attack. It __11__ so suddenly that I didn't have a chance to do anything for her. A few days after the funeral, I received an envelope with a receipt (收据) from the same place where mother and I had __12__ . An attached note __13__ ：
“I paid this bill __14__ . I wasn't sure that I could be there; but nevertheless, I paid for two __15__ —one for you and the other for your __16__ . You will never know what that night meant for me. I __17__ you, son.”
At that moment, I __18__ the importance of saying in time: “I LOVE YOU”. Give your family the __19__ they deserve, because sometimes things cannot be __20__ till “some other time”．
1．A.home B．talk
C．movie D．dinner
2．A.directly B．frequently
C．rarely D．exactly
3．A.bring B．take
C．force D．invite
4．A.visit B．meal
C．ring D．date
5．A.argued B．whispered
C．committed D．responded
6．A.agreed B．refused
C．promised D．nodded
7．A.anything B．nothing
C．something D．everything
8．A.met B．parted
C．left D．divided
9．A.but B．and
C．so D．or
10．A.before B．earlier
C．ago D．later
11．A.broke B．formed
C．fell D．struck
12．A.sat B．waited
C．gathered D．dined
13．A.saw B．read
C．showed D．wrote
14．A.in advance B．on purpose
C．by accident D．with patience
15．A.tables B．dishes
C．seats D．chances
16．A.mother B．family
C．wife D．child
17．A.miss B．admire
C．love D．hug
18．A.sensed B．accepted
C．checked D．pursued
19．A.time B．money
C．comfort D．calls
20．A.ensured B．delayed
C．forgotten D．forgiven
答案与解析
语篇导读：本文属于叙事说理文，通过讲述作者和母亲去吃饭的一次经历，和母亲的突然离世来告诉人们要多花些时间和亲人在一起，这比什么都重要。而不要等到子欲养而亲不待，让人抱憾终身。
1．D 考查名词词义辨析。A.home家；B.talk谈话；C.movie电影；D.dinner吃饭。根据后文During the dinner, we had an agreeable conversation可知，作者妻子想要作者带另一个女的出去吃饭，故选D。
2．B 考查副词词义辨析。A.directly直接地；B.frequently经常；C.rarely稀少地；D.exactly确切地。这里是指工作忙孩子多，没有时间看望妈妈，经常去看她变得不可能，故选B。
3．D 考查动词词义辨析。A.bring带来；B.take带走；C.force强迫；D.invite邀请。根据前文可知，作者打电话邀请母亲出去吃饭，故选D。
4．C 考查名词词义辨析。A.visit拜访；B.meal餐；C.ring电话；D.date日期。根据前文可知，作者深夜给母亲打电话，她很怀疑有坏消息，故选C。
5．D 考查动词词义辨析。A.argued争论；B.whispered低声说；C.committed致力于；D.responded回应。根据前文“What's wrong? Are you well？” she asked.可知，母亲很怀疑，故作者回答母亲的问题，故选D。
6．A 考查动词词义辨析。A.agreed同意；B.refused拒绝；C.promised承诺；D.nodded点头。根据后文可知，作者与母亲一同在餐厅吃饭，故可知，母亲同意了，故选A。
7．B 考查代词词义辨析。句意：我们吃饭吃的很融洽，没有什么特别的事情，都是彼此最近的生活琐事。A.anything任何事；B.nothing没有事；C.something一些事；D.everything所有事。根据文章可知，作者与母亲吃饭聊家常，故选B。
8．B 考查动词词义辨析。A.met见面；B.parted分离；C.left离开；D.divided划分。根据文章可知，作者与母亲吃完饭，分别回各自的家，故选B。
9．A 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我会再次和你一道出来吃饭，但是必须是我请你。分析前后句可知，前后句为转折关系，故用but，故选A。
10．D 考查形容词词义辨析。A.before之前；B.earlier更早；C.ago之前；D.later之后。根据文章可知，几天之后，母亲因为心脏病发作去世，故选D。
11．D 考查动词词义辨析。A.broke打破；B.formed形成；C.fell 摔倒；D.struck突然想起。根据前文my mother died of a heart attack可知，事情发生的很突然，故选D。
12．D 考查动词词义辨析。A.sat坐；B.waited等待；C.gathered聚集；D.dined吃饭。根据本句with a receipt (收据) from the same place可知，收据来自作者与母亲共餐的地方，故选D。
13．B 考查动词词义辨析。A.saw看见；B.read 读；C.showed显示；D.wrote写着。根据后文可知，便条上读作以下内容，一般用read和say，故选B。
14．A 考查介词短语辨析。A.in advance提前；B.on purpose故意地；C.by accident偶然地；D.with patience耐心地。根据后文I wasn't sure that I could be there可知，不确定是否能够到那里，因此提前把账单给付了，故选A。
15．C 考查名词词义辨析。A.tables桌子；B.dishes碟子；C.seats 座位；D.chances机会。根据后文one for you and the other for your可知，作者母亲付了两个位子的钱，故选C。
16．C 考查名词词义辨析。A.mother母亲；B.family家庭；C.wife妻子；D.child孩子。根据文章可知，母亲为作者和其妻子付了两个位子的钱，故选C。
17．C 考查动词词义辨析。A.miss想念；B.admire崇拜；C.love爱；D.hug拥抱。根据文章可知，母亲对儿子的爱，故选C。
18．A 考查动词词义辨析。A.sensed感觉；B.accepted接受；C.checked检查；D.pursued追求。根据文章可知，作者当时感受到了爱的重要性，故选A。
19．A 考查名词词义辨析。A.time 时间；B.money金钱；C.comfort安慰；D.calls电话。根据后文some other time可知，不能保证家人都有时间，因此要把时间给家人，故选A。
20．B 考查动词词义辨析。A.ensured确保；B.delayed拖延；C.forgotten忘记；D.forgiven原谅。根据文章可知，有些事情不能拖延到其他时间，故选B。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
(2019年高考·江苏卷)
In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before：he couldn't find the park's volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.
Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is，however，a second less known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole，the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type，but Christiansen couldn't find the caldera anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park—2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
1．What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone?
A．Its complicated geographical features.
B．Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.
C．The mysterious history of the park.
D．The exact location of the volcano.
2．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The shapes of volcanoes.
B．The impacts of volcanoes.
C．The activities of volcanoes.
D．The heights of volcanoes.
3．What does the underlined word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A．Hot-air balloon. B．Digital camera.
C．Big photograph. D．Bird's view.
答案与解析
语篇导读：本文为说明文。文章讲述了二十世纪六十年代Bob Christiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。
1．D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.”可知，他困惑的是到处看不到火山。故选D。
2．A 段落大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选A。
3．C 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers.”可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。故可知，此处意为将照片放大，选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2019年高考·课标全国卷Ⅰ)
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence __1__ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been __2__ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods __3__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __4__ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut __5__ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a __6__ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by __7__ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are__8__ (high) than they actually are. Of __9__ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six __10__ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
答案与解析
语篇导读：本文为科普文类说明文，介绍了北极熊的生存现状。
1．that 考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence内容，故填that。
2．poorly 考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
3．of/for 考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”，意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
4．to perform 考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
5．have reported 考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。
6．belief 考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。
7．noting 考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
8．higher 考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
9．the 考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
10．are 考查时态和主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
Ⅳ.书面表达
假定你是李华，你校今年寒假将要为外国学生举办一场汉语冬令营活动。请给你的美国朋友Jason写封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 时间和地点；
2. 内容：汉语学习、中国传统文化等；
3. 报名方式和截止日期。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jason，
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
答案
Dear_Jason，
How is it going? Our school is going to hold a Chinese Winter Camp for international students this winter vacation.Knowing that you are keen on Chinese culture, I am writing to invite you to join in it.
The camp will last 10 days, from February 11 to February 20 in our school.It covers a variety of activities, ranging from learning daily Chinese to Chinese history and traditional culture.In addition, the camp provides a chance for members to visit some museums, which is a good way to learn about our history.If you are interested, please sign up before February 11 on our school website.
I am sure that you will gain much through the activities.Looking forward to your participation.
Yours，
Li Hua
