课件36张PPT。Section Ⅰ Warming Up
& Pre-reading &
Reading—Comprehending练读文 记词汇 学翻译1 教材助读通语篇 学理解 重分析2语篇理解非限制性定语从句原因状语从句主语过去分词短语 同位语从句非限制性定语从句Unit 1 Cultural relics
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
课时作业
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．During National Day, all the streets are decorated (decorate) with colourful flags, flowers and balloons.
2．There's some doubt whether they can survive the terrible accident.
3．The trip was expensive but it was worth it.
4．The patient is going to have his temperature taken (take)．
5．As far as I know, this film is designed for the children.
6．They are still fighting for survival (survive)．
7．It was amazing (amaze) that he was removed from the company for being late.
8．He was very upset that the valuable watch belonging (belong) to him was missing.
9．The little girl gave me a big hug in return for my help.
10．He turned on his computer to search for the information he wanted.
Ⅱ. 单句改错
1．With the environment becoming better, many rarely birds are returning to this area.
rarely→rare
2．I was amazing to hear that Chris had won the first prize. amazing→amazed
3．There was a time that there were no radios, no telephones or TV sets. that→when
4．The little girl survived in the earthquake without anything to eat. 去掉in
5．I doubt that he can vote for us. that→whether/if
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
The Taj Mahal (泰姬陵) is considered to be one of the most beautiful buildings in the world and the finest example of the late style of Indian architecture (建筑). It is at Agra in northern India. It lies beside the River Jumma in the middle of gardens with quiet pools.
The Taj Mahal was built by the Mogul emperor (皇帝) Shah Jehan, who ruled India in the seventeenth century. It is in memory of his favorite wife, Arjumand Banu Bagam, known as Mumtaz Mahal, who died in 1631． The building, which was completed between 1632 and 1638, was designed by a local Muslim architect (建筑师), Ustad Ahmad Lahori. The whole building, with gardens and gateway structures, was completed in 1643． The Taj Mahal stands at one end of the garden tomb with marble (大理石) path. The room is softly lighted by the light that passes through double screens of carved marble set high in the walls. The building now is kept in good condition.
It took 22 years to build the Taj Mahal. Shah Jehan planned a similar building, but in black instead of white, to lie on the other side of the river. But before it could be built, Shah Jehan was imprisoned (监禁) by his son and buried next to his wife in the Taj Mahal.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了泰姬陵的一些信息。
1．The Taj Mahal was built for ________.
A．Mumtaz Mahal
B．Shah Jehan
C．either Mumtaz or Shah
D．both Mumtaz and Shah
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is in memory of his favorite wife . . . known as Mumtaz Mahal”可知应选A。
2．Why do you think Shah Jehan was buried next to his wife?
A．His own tomb hadn't been built.
B．He hoped to be buried there.
C．King and Queen should be buried together.
D．He liked Mumtaz all his life.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据该文最后一段最后一句可知，Shah Jehan的坟墓还没有被建好，他就被儿子监禁了，只好埋在他妻子的旁边，故选A。
3．The passage mainly tells us ________.
A．why the Taj Mahal was built
B．the love story between Shah and Mumtaz
C．some information about the Taj Mahal
D．the Taj Mahal—the pride of Indians
解析：选C 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述有关泰姬陵的一些信息，故答案为C。
4．From the passage we can learn that ________.
A．the Taj Mahal looks more beautiful than before
B．the Taj Mahal doesn't exist now
C．the Taj Mahal has completely changed
D．the Taj Mahal has become a place of interest
解析：选D 推理判断题。其他三项的信息文中并没有提到或涉及，用排除法可选D。
Ⅳ. 完形填空
Why dogs eat grass
These summer days，when I take my dog Raja for a walk，he always wants to stop and eat grass. However， 1 there are many other grasses nearby，he always 2 wheatgrass.
I've read that dogs eat grass because they want to vomit(呕吐) or they are having digestive troubles. Raja 3 to vomit. He will do anything to keep from vomiting，so that doesn't seem to be the 4 . I feed him pretty wet food，and he 5 it very well，with well-formed stools(粪便)．Digestive troubles do not seem to apply to Raja either. So I decided to 6 a little bit into the 7 dog literature to see what I could find.
One recent study approached grass eating in dogs with the hypothesis(假说) that grass may 8 digestive distress(痛苦)．In that study，the 9 fed dogs a diet that produced loose，watery stools，to mimic(模拟) a condition of a mild digestive upset. They 10 fed the dogs a standard diet that produced 11 stools，and gave the dogs two types of grasses to eat during each experimental condition. The 12 were that the dogs ate more grass when they were fed a standard diet than when they ate the diet that 13 the digestive upset. So much for that hypothesis.
Then there's vomiting.
I found another 14 that looked at whether dogs vomit more when they eat grass. In it，they surveyed 1,571 dog owners on the Internet and 15 that 79 percent of the dogs ate grass，and of these，only 9 percent were 16 before they ate the grass，and 22 percent vomited 17 eating the grass. These results show that the vomiting hypothesis doesn't seem to be 18 either. So why do dogs eat grass?
Ask yourself that question the next time you 19 a delicious salad. My 20 is. . . because it tastes good.
【解题导语】 本文是说明文。作者发现自己的狗很喜欢吃草，于是查阅了大量资料，希望能找到答案。
1．A. although B．unless
C．since D．because
解析：选A 解析见下题。
2．A. looks at B．heads for
C．waits for D．gives up
解析：选B “尽管(although)”附近还有许多别的草，但是，作者的狗Raja总是会“走向(heads for)”麦草。
3．A. pretends B．fails
C．stops D．hates
解析：选D 根据下文中的“He will do anything to keep from vomiting”可知，Raja“讨厌(hates)”呕吐。
4．A. concern B．process
C．answer D．detail
解析：选C 结合上文中的“dogs eat grass because they want to vomit”和“He will do anything to keep from vomiting”可知，Raja吃草不是想呕吐，所以这个不是“答案(answer)”。
5．A. mixes B．digests
C．handles D．divides
解析：选B 结合上文中的“I feed him pretty wet food”和下文中的“with well-formed stools”可知，Raja“消化(digests)”得很好。
6．A. dig B．move
C．fall D．cut
解析：选A 根据上文内容可知，作者没有找到答案，于是决定对有关文献作更深入的“探究(dig)”。
7．A. scientific B．descriptive
C．imaginative D．traditional
解析：选A 根据下文中的study可知，作者查看的是“科研方面的(scientific)”文献。
8．A. send B．produce
C．reduce D．further
解析：选C 根据下文中的“In that study，the 9 fed dogs a diet. . . to mimic (模拟) a condition of a mild digestive upset. ”可以推知，这一研究建立在狗吃草是为了“减轻(reduce)”消化痛苦的假说基础之上。
9．A. owners B．farmers
C．doctors D．researchers
解析：选D 由上文中的study可知，“研究者(researchers)”给狗喂了一些容易引起它们拉稀的食物。
10．A. just B．even
C．thus D．also
解析：选D 本句与上句是并列关系，他们“还(also)”喂了标准的狗粮。
11．A. normal B．fresh
C．smelly D．hard
解析：选A 根据上文中的“fed the dogs a standard diet”可以推知，狗的排泄物应该是“正常的(normal)”。
12．A. secrets B．results
C．solutions D．ideas
解析：选B 经过实验之后，研究者得出了“结果(results)”。
13．A. caused B．ignored
C．meant D．treated
解析：选A 根据上文中的“produced loose，watery stools”可知，与标准的狗粮相比，这些食物容易“引起(caused)”狗肠胃不适。
14．A. post B．study
C．exercise D．course
解析：选B 根据上文中的study可知，作者又找到了另一份“研究报告(study)”。
15．A. believed B．checked
C．found D．expected
解析：选C 研究者通过调查“发现(found)”79%的狗都吃草。
16．A. anxious B．sick
C．hungry D．sad
解析：选B 根据上文中的“digestive troubles”可以推知，有些狗“生病(sick)”之后会吃草。
17．A. if B．until
C．after D．before
解析：选C 根据上文中的“before they ate the grass”可以推知，22%的狗吃草“后(after)”会呕吐。
18．A. interesting B．strange
C．impossible D．reasonable
解析：选D 结合上文中假说的内容“grass may 8 digestive distress”和研究结果“the dogs ate more grass when they were fed a standard diet”可知，假说不“合理(reasonable)”。
19．A. discover B．serve
C．eat D．cook
解析：选C 根据下文中的tastes good可知，当你下次“吃(eat)”沙拉时，也可以问自己这个问题。
20．A. news B．argument
C．promise D．guess
解析：选D 经过查阅科研文献，作者并没有弄明白狗吃草的原因，所以，他“猜想(guess)”也许狗吃草只是因为草好吃，就像自己吃美味的沙拉一样。
Ⅴ. 短文改错
When I was young，I lived in the countryside. At that time，the trees there were very green，that left a deep impression on me and the water there was so much clear that I even could see the fish swimming. When it gets dark，the air was cooler than it in the daytime. People liked to walk out their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends but ran along the village happily. As the moon rose highly in the sky，the village was lighting. When I looked up，I could see the moon and a few star. They were so close to me. It seemed that I could touch them. The life in the countryside were so wonderful.
答案：
When I was young，I lived in the countryside. At that time，the trees there were very green， left a deep impression on me and the water there was so much clear that I even could see the fish swimming. When it dark，the air was cooler than in the daytime. People liked to walk out their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends ran along the village happily. As the moon rose in the sky，the village was . When I looked up，I could see the moon and a few . They were so close to me. It seemed that I could touch them. The life in the countryside so wonderful.
课件72张PPT。Section Ⅱ Warming Up &
Reading—Language Points记单词 记短语 记句型3 基础梳理dynastyfancystyleremoveformerworthculturalrarevaluablesurviveamazeamazingselectdesigndecorateartistwoodenin search ofbelong toin returnat warless thanlook intoserve asby designhad the Amber Room moved tothe way she wantedThere is no doubt thatwhat happened研词汇 析句型 练拓展4 要点透析rareRarelyIt's rare for the boy toIt's rare that the boyvaluedvaluablevalueAn English dictionary is of great valueonbysurvival去掉inhave survived fromforforofamazingToat /byamazingwhat he said amazed meto takefromWe selected him as/to be our monitorbyforto testwalkingforFancy meetingwithdecorationsis/was decorated withtobelongingbelongingswhich /that belongs toforinasked for nothingin returnat warat peaceremovedfromwas removedno less thanmore thannot less thanmore thanfor less than three yearsconsideringitvery→wellYou may not succeed, but it is worth tryingdonetakenlaughingto doUnfortunately, he had his right leg injured during the trainingthatwhetherthatwhether/ifthatThere is no doubt that随堂练 固基础 夯根基5 随堂训练rareselectvaluableDynastystylejewelsformerdecorateddesignedremovedWhat I want to stresshave it repairedThere is no doubt thatThis was a time when(that/in which)themaths teacher solved the problemhave imaginedamazingwas designedaItwherefromsecretlywhatformerword部分： 请做： 6课时作业
练速度 练能力 练规范点此进入该word板块Unit 1 Cultural relics
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
课时作业
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．The employee you have been thinking highly(high) of proves dishonest.
2．It can be proved that he is a generous and warm-hearted man.
3．The entrance to the meeting room has already been closed.
4．There is a lot of evidence(evident) to prove that smoking has a bad effect on our lungs.
5．A bomb exploded(explode) suddenly by the roadside and destroyed his car.
6．To be honest, I'm at a loss how to settle(settle) the problem.
7．He rather than you is(be) to have a talk with the stranger.
8．The kids watched as the coin sank to the bottom of the pool.
Ⅱ. 单句改错
1．It is proved the little boy hasn't told lies. proved后加that
2．There was no evidence which they had stolen the jewels. which→that
3．Guests have free entrance of the swimming pool and the health club. of→to
4．The students, rather than their teacher, is going to have a picnic this weekend. is→are
5．He is hard to get along with if you don't agree to him. 第二个to→with_
6．If you think high of the film you may encourage other people to go and see it. high→highly
7．If Joe's wife doesn't go to the party, so will he. so→nor/neither
8．They haven't decided when hold the debate. when后加to
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
A
The Museum of London is starting to unearth what might turn out to be as many as 3,000 human skeletons (遗骸) under a train station in the United Kingdom's capital. The bones were exposed when workers began building a new entrance to a train station in London, England.
As the first city burial (埋葬) ground in London, Bedlam was probably used between 1569 and 1738． Its name comes from the nearby Hospital of Saint Mary of Bethlehem, which people also called Bedlam. Often, the people buried in Bedlam could not afford to be buried anywhere else. The burial ground also served as an overflow cemetery (墓地). That means that if other cemeteries became full, a person would be buried in Bedlam instead. It is believed that there could be a total of 20,000 skeletons in the overall burial ground.
Experts think studying the skeletons may help them learn about London's past, including questions about the Black Death, a deadly disease that had a terrible influence on much of the world. It started in the mid-1300s and swept through Asia, Africa, and Europe. Historians believe almost 50 million people died of the disease, including many of those buried at Bedlam. “Sixteen sixty-five saw the very last recorded period of the disease，” says Jay Carver, the leading expert on the project. Carver and his team believe the Bedlam bodies may explain why the outbreak suddenly stopped.
The dig site also sits above an even older Roman (古罗马的) road (between the 2nd and 3rd century A．D. ). Archaeologists (考古学家) have already found a large number of objects from Roman times, including horseshoes and urns. Nick Elsden, the project manager for the site, says，“This is the UK's largest archaeology project, in what is one of the oldest areas of the city, so we stand to learn a great deal. ”
【解题导语】 本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了伦敦修建车站时发现的一些遗骸。
1．The underlined word “exposed” in Paragraph 1 can best be replaced by “________”．
A．discovered B．searched
C．returned D．studied
解析：选A 词义猜测题。由该词后的“when workers began building a new entrance to a train station”可知，当工人们开始修建通往一个火车站的新入口时发现了这些遗骸，故选A项。
2．We can learn from the text that Bedlam ________.
A．served as a cemetery for rich people
B．was once taken up by the Romans
C．got its name thanks to Jay Carver
D．used to be a train station
解析：选B 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“The dig site also sits above an even older Roman (古罗马的) road. . . ”和“a large number of objects from Roman times”可知，Bedlam曾被古罗马人侵占，故选B项。
3．What was expressed in Nick Elsden's words?
A．Pride. B．Praise.
C．Excitement. D．Kindness.
解析：选C 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“This is the UK's largest archaeology project . . . we stand to learn a great deal. ”可知，对于这一发现他非常兴奋，故选C项。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．The Museum of London
B．A Roman Road in Bedlam
C．History of the Black Death
D．Skeleton Secrets in London
解析：选D 标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了伦敦修建车站时发现的一些遗骸，故用D项作为标题最恰当。
B
A creature that looks like a small dinosaur，complete with spikes(尖刺) and a pointy beak，crawled out of a river in the Russian Far East and into the nightmares of many who saw images of it on social media.
The spiked turtle was found on the banks of the Amur River near the Leninskoye settlement，part of Russia's Jewish Autonomous Region，according to The Siberian Times. “When we encountered it，we did not even realize that it was a turtle，” Anastasia Steshina，who filmed the creature，said. “It reminded us of a dinosaur. It was biting through sticks with its jaws and tried to attack us. ”
Turns out，the creature is an alligator snapping turtle. Someone who owned the turtle may have dumped it into the river when it grew too big，The Siberian Times reports. It's also possible the Chinese are breeding alligator snapping turtles for eggs and meat on the other side of the river and it escaped and ended up getting there.
National Geographic says the freshwater turtle is found almost exclusively in rivers，canals and lakes in the American southeast. It also says the turtles can live to between 50 and 100 years old. Males weigh around 175 pounds，with some growing up to 220 pounds，and can have a shell that reaches 26 inches long. Females are much smaller，weighing about 50 pounds.
The alligator snapping turtle is listed as “vulnerable” on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List，and the U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service is preparing a study that could lead to new protections for the turtles.
【解题导语】 本文是说明文。一些人最近发现了一只大鳄龟，错把它当成了小型恐龙。
5．Those who saw the turtle on social media most probably found it very ______.
A．exciting B．frightening
C．embarrassing D．puzzling
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“crawled out of a river. . . and into the nightmares. . . ”可知，看过这只大鳄龟图像的人认为它很令人害怕。
6．When Anastasia Steshina first saw the turtle，she ________.
A．tried to attack it and drive it away
B．thought it was something normal
C．didn't really know what it was
D．ran away immediately
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When we encountered it. . . it was a turtle”可知，Anastasia Steshina当时并不知道它是什么。
7．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．What the creature is.
B．Why the turtle was there.
C．Why the turtle was dumped.
D．What the turtle can be used for.
解析：选B 段落大意题。根据第三段的“Someone who owned the turtle may have dumped it into the river when it grew too big. . . it escaped and ended up getting there. ”可知，这一段主要是讲这只大鳄龟为什么会出现在那里。
8．What do we know about alligator snapping turtles?
A．They can live hundreds of years.
B．They spend a lot of time on the land.
C．Their shells can weigh as much as 26 pounds.
D．Females can be over 100 pounds lighter than males.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Males weigh around. . . weighing about 50 pounds. ”可知，雌性可能会比雄性轻一百多磅。
Ⅳ. 七选五
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping，I would have laughed heartily. Campers，in my eyes，were people who enjoyed insect bites，ill-cooked meals，and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 1
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 2 We slept in a tent，cooked over an open fire，and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work，recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning.
I was，nevertheless，talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 3 Instead，we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.
4 We have done a lot of it since. Recently，we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom，a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.
5 It must be true that sooner or later，everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了作者由一名不喜欢野营的人转变成一名野营爱好者的故事，并呼吁大家多亲近大自然。
A．This time there was no tent.
B．Things are going to be improved.
C．The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D．I was to learn a lot about camping since then，however.
E．I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F．After the trip，my family became quite interested in camping.
G．There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
1．解析：选D 本句起承上启下的作用，从一、二段的关系看，二者是转折关系，第一段主要讲述了作者以前不喜欢野营，第二段讲述了在朋友的引导下开始进行野营，故本题应该选择D项“I was to learn a lot about camping since then，however. ”。
2．解析：选C 根据下文“This brief visit with . . . my son's food poisoning. ”可知，这次野营并不顺利。故本题应该选择C项“The trip they took me on was a rough one. ”。
3．解析：选A 根据下文中的“Instead，we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. ”并结合前文可知，作者这次野营没有带帐篷，故本题应该选择A项“This time there was no tent. ”。
4．解析：选F 本句起承上启下的作用，从前后文看，作者通过这次旅行，开始喜欢上了野营，故本题应该选择F项“After the trip，my family became quite interested in camping. ”。
5．解析：选E 根据前后文作者越来越喜欢上了野营，并建议大家也要多亲近大自然可知，本题应该选择E项“I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. ”。
课件67张PPT。Section Ⅲ Learning about
Language & Using Language练读文 记词汇 学翻译1 教材助读通语篇 学理解 重分析2 语篇理解记单词 记短语 记句型 3 基础梳理localtrialsailordebateeyewitnesssinkpaintingevidenceexplodeentranceinformaltake apartcare aboutrather thanthink highly ofagree withlook afterwas looking in a second-hand furniture shop whenit can be proved thatwhich eyewitnesses to believe Nor do I think they shouldand which not to believe研词汇 析句型 练拓展4 要点透析tookaparttellapartApart from同意(……的观点)适合与……一致arewasthe culture rather than the languagethatevidenceEvidently, he was moved on hearing what she had saidexplodedwithlaughterexplodesexplosiontoenteredintobacktothought highly ofthink poorly/ill /badlyofunderwithbeyond /withoutAfter a heated debateIt can be proved thatIt is widely believed thatIt is a pity thatIt is said thathow to solveWhen to go outwhere to spendI really don't know whether to accept her invitation or not随堂练 固基础 夯根基5 随堂训练debateinformallocaleyewitnessestrialpaintingtake this computer apartIt can be easily proved thatwhat to do nextthink highlyare having a heated debateof himword部分： 请做： 6课时作业
练速度 练能力 练规范点此进入该word板块课件26张PPT。Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
第一板块单元语法
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句教材语法领悟whichwhichwhomwherewhenwhich语法考点精析语法专项训练wherethat /whichthatAswho/whom/thatwhowhywherewhenwhowho→whomthat→whichthat →whichwhom→who第一个that→whywhere they saw manyAs is known to us allwhy he didn't come to schoolas usualfamous artists' paintingsas is always active and warm-heartedwhere you can buy whatwhose customers are mainly studentsyou wantUnit 1 Cultural relics
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
第二板块单元写作 如何写辩论报告
课时作业
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．This is the school that /which we visited yesterday.
2．This is the school where/in which my father works.
3．The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.
4．Can you see the house of which the window faces the south?
5．This is the very thing that I am looking for.
6．Who is the man that spoke to you at the gate?
7．I believe the reason why he likes traveling.
8．I believe the reason that /which he gave me for his decision.
9．The way that /which he explained to us was very simple.
10．The way that /in which he explained the sentence to us was very simple.
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
A
My friend Emily has three amazingly well-behaved children. They put their toys away when she tells them to, go to bed without making any noise, and even settle their own disagreements or quarrels. I actually witnessed her 3-year-old son John calmly asking for a truck back from a friend who had pulled it out of his hands suddenly.
Emily admits that her children have their moments—“They are kids after all！”—but she says that real discipline (纪律) challenges are not very often. “What's your secret？” I once asked, hoping she could impart some much-needed wisdom. “Do you threaten them with punishment, give them time-outs or praise them with prizes？” I asked. Emily shook her head and said, “Nothing like that. If I've done anything right, it's that I've made it clear what I expect from them from the beginning. Now, all I have to do is set them an example and shoot them a look, and they know to control their behavior and obey rules. ”
It may sound too good to be true, but experts agree that Emily has the right idea about teaching kids to behave. “When you make your expectations clear from the time your children are old enough to learn to walk, they accept or absorb those expectations and begin to expect the same thing from themselves，” says Sharon K．Hall, author of Raising Kids in the 21st Century. In other words, since kids naturally want to please their parents, they'll try to behave in the way that you've taught them to. In fact, experts say that kids as young as 18 months can understand and respond to their parents' expectations.
There is good news: Teaching self-control to a young child isn't as worrying as it sounds. “If you set out firm rules, tell them why, offer lots of praise and follow rules yourself at around age 2, your child will catch on faster, resist less, and finally behave better，” says Sharon.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者向朋友询问如何让孩子行为举止优秀，朋友的回答看似简单，其实蕴含着很深的道理。
1．Why does the author mention John in the first paragraph?
A．To explain why he is so violent.
B．To indicate he behaves well.
C．To describe his dislike of quarrels.
D．To show his unwillingness to share.
解析：选B 推理判断题。第一段主要描述了朋友的孩子所表现出的优秀的行为举止，作者具体列举的John的例子正是要说明这一点。
2．What does the underlined word “impart” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Offer. B．Prove.
C．Accept. D．Question.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。由画线词的上下文内容可知，作者希望朋友可以提供自己是如何让孩子的行为变得如此优秀的明智做法。
3．What leads children to meet parents' expectations according to Sharon?
A．Being taught self-control.
B．Longing for parents' praise.
C．Hoping to make parents happy.
D．Worrying about being punished.
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第三段的“In other words, since kids naturally want to please their parents, they'll try to behave in the way that you've taught them to. ”可知，孩子会为了取悦父母而遵守父母制定的规则。
4．What may be the best title for the text?
A．What Rules Should Parents Set Out for Kids?
B．When should Kids Be Taught Self-control?
C．The Key to Getting along Well with Kids
D．The Secret to Raising Well-behaved Kids
解析：选D 标题归纳题。综合全文内容可知，文章是就“如何培养孩子优秀的行为举止”展开的。
B
Carol：I started playing the cello(大提琴) when I was about eight or nine. It was great playing the cello because I was in youth orchestras(管弦乐队) and we went abroad to do tours. But anyway，when I got to university，I stopped playing. Well，there just wasn't time and there were so many other things to do. Luckily，I took it up after my 25th birthday and joined a band(乐队)．
Daniel：When I was little，I thought I'd end up learning the guitar like my father，but then I decided that I wanted to have my own instrument(乐器)，so I chose the trumpet(小号)．I'm in the school jazz band and I'd like to be a musician when I grow up，but my dad says it's difficult to make a living from music. But I don't want to be a lawyer like him. It's so boring.
Carmen：Nobody likes living near someone like me because when I practise，I make a lot of noise！But you have to keep practising，don't you？Otherwise it gets more and more difficult. The trouble is，in the summer，when it's hot，I have to open the windows，so the whole street gets to hear it if I'm not careful. I love playing the drums and I play in a fantastic band.
Vince：I've played the guitar for as long as I can remember，but when I was trying to make it as a musician after school，I used to play in the Underground in London to make a bit of extra money. I kept on playing，but I ran a restaurant to make a living. When I get any spare time I still play. I've got a few friends who like music too and we formed a band.
【解题导语】 本文是应用文。四个人分别谈论了自己喜爱的乐器和演奏经历。
5．Why did Carol give up playing the cello?
A．She couldn't go abroad to play.
B．She turned to other instruments.
C．She found it boring to play it all day.
D．She couldn't spare any time to play it.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由Carol部分中的“But anyway，when I got to. . . many other things to do. ”可知，上大学后，卡萝尔没有时间继续演奏大提琴。
6．What does Daniel think of being a musician?
A．It will be fun to do it.
B．It will be hard to make it.
C．It will never make him rich.
D．It will make his father satisfied.
解析：选A 推理判断题。由Daniel部分中的“I'd like to be. . . It's so boring”可知，丹尼尔认为他父亲的职业(律师)很无趣，他想做音乐家，由此推断，他认为做一名音乐家是有趣的。
7．What troubles Carmen?
A．She cannot play well in public.
B．The street is so noisy in the summer.
C．It's hard to keep practising in the summer.
D．Playing the drums causes a disturbance to others.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由Carmen部分中的“when I practise，I make a lot of noise”和“The trouble is. . . if I'm not careful. ”可知，卡门担心敲鼓的时候吵着别人。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Way back in 1674，a frog helped Antonie van Leeuwenhoek make an incredible discovery. Antonie was an amateur scientist from Holland，so fascinated by microscopes 1．________ he'd built some of his own. One rainy day，as he went for a walk，a leaping frog 2．________(draw) his attention to a puddle.
Antonie collected a drop of puddle water and put it 3．________ his microscope. He was amazed 4．________(see) a whole community of creatures swimming in this one drop—tiny beings no one had ever seen before.
These tiny beings，called microbes，are everywhere：in dirt，in food and on your kitchen table. People 5．________(cover) in them，too. 6．________ you were to count all the microbes on and inside your body，you would find your body has more microbes than the world has people—over 6 billion!
Microbes can't survive on 7．________(they) own. They need food. After 8．________(settle) into a home—you，for instance—they steal vitamins and other nutrients and leave behind dead cells and poisonous liquids called toxins. Some microbes can make you sick. People usually call these ones germs. 9．________(lucky) for you，there are more 10．________(help) microbes，working together to keep you healthy，than bad ones.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，通过安东尼用显微镜发现水滴中的微生物引出话题，指出微生物无处不在，但大多数微生物对人类是有益的。
1．解析：安东尼是一个来自荷兰的业余科学家，他对显微镜太入迷了以至于他自己做了几个。根据so可知本空应用that引导结果状语从句。
答案：that
2．解析：在一个雨天，他散步的时候，一个跳跃的青蛙使他注意到一个水坑。根据One rainy day可知，本句应用一般过去时，故填drew。
答案：drew
3．解析：安东尼收集了一滴水坑的水，并把它放在他的显微镜下。根据常识可知，要把物体放到显微镜下面观察，故应用介词under“在……下面”。
答案：under
4．解析：他吃惊地看见一整个生物群落正在这一滴水中游动。be amazed to do sth. 为固定用法，意为“吃惊地做某事”。
答案：to see
5．解析：根据语境可知，此处讲述客观事实，应用一般现在时；本句中的cover和主语People是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are covered。
答案：are covered
6．解析：如果你要数你身体上和身体内所有的微生物，你会发现你的身体有比世界上的人数还要多的微生物——超过60亿！根据语境可知，本空应用连词If引导条件状语从句。
答案：If
7．解析：on one's own为固定用法，意为“单独地，独自地”。
答案：their
8．解析：在宿主——比如你——体内定居后，它们会偷走维生素和其他营养物质，留下死细胞和被称为毒素的有毒液体。介词After后要用动名词形式，故本空应填settling。
答案：settling
9．解析：对你来说幸运的是，比起有害的微生物，有更多的有益微生物共同努力让你保持健康。副词Luckily放在句首，修饰整个句子。
答案：Luckily
10．解析：根据语境可知，本空应用形容词修饰名词microbes，故应填形容词helpful。
答案：helpful
Ⅳ. 书面表达
作为中学生，你肯定经历过多次考试，体验过成功，也遭遇过失败。请根据下面提示内容，简要概述中学生中普遍存在的对待考试失败的两种态度，并说明你自己的观点。
态度一
态度二
你的观点
考试失利时，情绪低落，丧失信心，不再努力
考试失利时，鼓励自己，充满信心；查找原因，避免再犯同样的错误
……
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
As middle school students, we all have taken many examinations and experienced failure as well as success.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
As middle school students, we all have taken many examinations and experienced failure as well as success. Different students have different attitudes towards failure in the exams.
Some of us become low in spirits in the face of failure. Worse still, some students are so disappointed that they don't want to make further efforts in their studies. As a result, their studies go from bad to worse as time goes on.
Fortunately, some students take quite positive attitudes towards their setbacks. They spare no effort in analyzing the cause of their failure and at the same time encourage themselves to become more confident so that they won't repeat their mistakes in their later examinations.
As far as I am concerned, I believe that failure is the mother of success. So long as we can find out the cause of our failure and improve our ways of learning, we can surely make great progress and turn our dream into reality.
课件25张PPT。Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
第二板块单元写作 如何写辩论报告美文写作指导经典写作示例word部分： 请做： 课时作业
练速度 练能力 练规范点此进入该word板块课件28张PPT。单元要点归纳提升byonfromamaze吃惊的at/byto do sth. 惊奇to one's amazementbyforto do... withdecorationtobelongingsfrom开除某人值得……；值…………值得做……是值得的有/没有证据证明……inevident很明显……evidently进行一场关于某事的辩论/讨论在辩论/讨论中一场激烈的/热烈的争论无可争论就……与某人辩论寻找；寻求forsearch forforin处于和平状态在休息在吃饭在上班多达不少于；至少多于；不仅仅是仅仅不多于；不超过；至多看重；器重；对……评价高认为……不好不重视；认为……不足为奇had her luggage checkedthe way you treat your parentsThere is no doubt thatWhat our parents have saidwas watching TV whenIt can be proved thatwhich topic to talk aboutNever has he beenwhowhichwhosethatwhy单元质量评估检测卷(一)
(时间：120分钟 满分：150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the woman think about it?
A．A kind of fruit.
B．Some kind of cookie.
C．Some kind of chocolate.
2．Where can the man find the magazine he wants?
A．In Modern Section.
B．In Modern Fashion Section.
C．In Fashion Section.
3．Why does the woman feel ill?
A．For doing something wrong.
B．For eating something wrong.
C．For carrying something wrong.
4．What happened to the woman?
A．She dropped her first dish.
B．She's had her first dish.
C．Her first dish was lost.
5．Why did the woman arrive late?
A．Her flight was put off.
B．The weather was terrible.
C．She missed the first one.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What's the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A．Doctor and patient.
B．Teacher and student.
C．Colleagues.
7．What does the woman advise the man to do?
A．Have a rest.
B．Have his temperature taken.
C．Take some medicine.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．Where does the woman want to go?
A．A hospital.
B．A shoe shop.
C．A post office.
9．How will the woman go there?
A．On foot.
B．By car.
C．By bus.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．Where are they probably talking?
A．In the street.
B．In the library.
C．On the telephone.
11．What does Jane want to do?
A．Read some books.
B．Buy some books.
C．Return some books.
12．Where is Jane now?
A．Near the library.
B．Far from the library.
C．On the Sixth Avenue.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What is the man looking for?
A．A shopping list.
B．A food list.
C．A book list.
14．Where is the list now?
A．In the pocket near the bed.
B．On the shelf.
C．On the bed.
15．What does the woman think of the books?
A．Interesting.
B．Probably useful.
C．Quite valuable.
16．What will the speakers do next?
A．Read books in the study.
B．Buy some food in the market.
C．Buy some books in the bookshop.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Who is making the announcement?
A．The city.
B．Campus Security.
C．The marathon organizer.
18．When does the race start?
A．At 8?00 a．m. .
B．At 9?00 a．m. .
C．At 9?30 a．m. .
19．What does the speaker ask the listeners to do?
A．Get excited about the marathon.
B．Call the marathon organizer's website to complain.
C．Finish their business before the race starts.
20．Why should people get a map?
A．To find the closest parking lots.
B．To figure out where there might be traffic problems.
C．To find out which shops and banks are open.
答案：1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．C 11．A 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．B 16．C 17．B 18．A 19．C 20．B
录音材料
Text 1
M: What is it, ma'am? It smells like fruit.
W: Not fruit. ①A kind of chocolate, and its shape looks like cookies.
Text 2
M: I'm looking for some interesting magazines in the library. Could you give me some advice?
W: We've many kinds of interesting magazines. ②You can go to the Section of Modern Fashion.
Text 3
M: You look pale. What's the matter, Diana?
W: I'm afraid I'm not feeling well. ③Maybe I have something wrong this morning.
Text 4
W: Waiter, bring me another dish, please. ④My first one was dropped on the floor by accident.
M: OK, please wait a moment, madam.
Text 5
W: Thank goodness you're here. I've been waiting here for 3 hours.
M: Well，⑤the flight was delayed before landing off.
Text 6
W: You don't look well. What's wrong with you?
M: I am feeling tired, and I've got a headache.
W: Tell me, how long have you been like this?
M: Since yesterday.
W: Do you feel cold? Have you had your temperature taken?
M: I feel a little cold. I think I am having a fever, but I haven't taken my temperature yet.
W: That's bad. ⑥You shouldn't have come to work. ⑦You should go to the doctor's and have a good rest for a day or two.
Text 7
W: Excuse me. ⑧Can you tell me where the nearest shoe shop is?
M: On Oak Street.
W: Thank you. But how can I get there?
M: Walk along this street to the end, turn right, and then you'll see a post office. The shoe shop is just behind it and it is next to the hospital.
W: Is it far from here?
M: Not very far, about one kilometer. Anyway, you can take the No. 102 bus.
W: ⑨Yeah, I think I'd better take a bus. Thanks a lot.
Text 8
M: ⑩Hello, this is Mr. Clarke.
W: ⑩Hi, this is Jane. Mr. Clarke, I'm lost. ?I'd like to read some books, and I'm looking for the public library. Can you help me?
M: Don't worry. Well, where are you now?
W: I'm at the corner of Main Street and First Avenue.
M: Oh, I see. ?You are not far from the library. It is on Main Street between the Sixth Avenue and Seventh Avenue.
W: Main Street between the Sixth Avenue and Seventh Avenue, right?
M: Yes. I can meet you and show you the way.
W: Oh, thank you, but that's not necessary. I'm sure I can find it.
M: If you have some trouble, let me know immediately.
W: All right.
Text 9
M: ?Oh, I wish I hadn't lost that list of books. I put it on the shelf with some shopping lists, but I can't find it now.
W: I picked it out from the other lists. ?It's right in my pocket near the bed. Wait a moment.
M: It is very kind of you. Can I get it back now?
W: Of course. Here you are. It's a long list. How can you read all those books when you have to study all day long?
M: It takes a long time to finish, but I'm not in a hurry to read them all. They will be helpful in the long run.
W: Oh, I see. ?I might need some of them as well, although they are boring and difficult.
M: Then we can share these books and study them together. ?Now let's go to the bookshop to buy them.
Text 10
Please be advised that many streets in and around the Howard University campus will be closed on Saturday, Nov. 19, from 9?30 a．m. to 2?30 p．m. as part of the Williams Route 66 Marathon. The city of Smithville has advised us that we should expect traffic problems, especially when runners are likely to be passing our school. ?Campus Security officers will be on hand to help direct traffic, but you should expect difficulty entering and exiting campus. ?The marathon begins downtown at 8?00 a．m. . More than 11,000 people are expected to attend this event, and significant traffic jam is expected. Remember that visitors may also be lining the streets to cheer on the competitors, ?so it's best to finish any shopping or banking before 9?00． We know that some of you will need to conduct business as usual. Students and employees who park in the apartment parking lots may be able to enter and exit through gates along the main streets that are normally closed during regular hours. ?You'd better get a map of the marathon course so that you can handle the traffic problems. You may also call their office at 918-555-1212． If you have concerns, please contact us at Campus Security by phone at 918-555-6361, or leave a comment on our website.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Washington，D. C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D. C.
Duration：3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D. C. . Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration：3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D. C. . Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike，helmet，cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D. C.
Duration：3 hours
Morning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D. C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration：3 hours (7 miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington，D. C. . Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了在华盛顿特区骑自行车观光的四条路线、参观的主要景点和从事的活动。
21．Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D. C. .
B．Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D. C. .
D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一条旅行路线介绍的最后一句“Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear！”可知，选择第一条旅行路线需要提前预订。
22．What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A．Meet famous people.
B．Go to a national park.
C．Visit well-known museums.
D．Enjoy interesting stories.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第三条旅行路线介绍中的“Knowledgeable guides. . . memorials，and parks. ”可知，选择这条旅行路线的游客可以在观光过程中听导游讲故事。
23．Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A．City maps. B．Cameras.
C．Meals. D．Safety lights.
解析：选D 细节理解题。第四条旅行路线是夜间游览，根据该段介绍的最后一句“All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. ”可知，该路线为夜间骑车观光的游客提供反光背心和安全灯。
B
When I was a child growing up in Ohio，the butterflies would sometimes pass through on their way to Mexico. And it was awesome to see football fields full of them—and I wanted to revisit that on a larger scale. I knew I had to go to see the migration(迁徙) in Mexico.
But I was on a budget. I didn't want to rent a car in Mexico or take a bus to Valle de Bravo，the starting point for most butterfly adventures，so I called the guys at The Muddy Boot，travel experts in Mexico who can make almost anything happen at a reasonable rate.
And so，on January 2，I found myself in The Muddy Boot van(面包车)，being driven for two hours from Mexico City to Valle de Bravo，a lovely town on a volcanic lake which is a central point for the butterfly journeys. I booked a two-night stay at the Hotel Rodavento，an all eco-friendly hotel with individual wooden houses spreading throughout the forest and around a lake.
The first sanctuary(保护区) I visited was Piedra Herrada，a popular destination，as it is only 40 minutes away from Valle de Bravo. The climb up is tiring. It is advisable to hire a horse. But the horse cannot take you all the way，and there is some hiking in thin air，so you must be patient，drink a lot of water，and be in reasonably good shape.
The walk is more than worth it though. As I struggled to catch my breath，I looked up and lost my breath again. At first glance，the trees had turned into different shapes，but on closer inspection，every inch of them was covered with butterflies.
A few flew through the air (Most of them were not warm enough)．As the sun rose，they began to come alive. Soon the air was filled with flying butterflies，transforming the forest into something magical and straight out of a fairy tale.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇日志形式的记叙文，作者讲述了自己为参观大规模的蝴蝶迁徙的美景而搭车前往墨西哥的一个城镇的故事。虽然旅途劳累艰辛，但作者实现了愿望，看到了美丽的蝴蝶翩翩起舞，它们装扮了途经的森林。
24．Why did the author choose to take The Muddy Boot van?
A．She couldn't afford to rent a car.
B．She preferred to travel alone.
C．She wanted to save some money.
D．She hoped to reach the destination earlier.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But I was on a budget. ”可知，作者预算有限，想节省钱。故选C。
25．What can we learn about Piedra Herrada?
A．It is at a high altitude.
B．It is far from Valle de Bravo.
C．It is full of wild animals.
D．It is only accessible by riding a horse.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“and there is some hiking in thin air，so you must be patient，drink a lot of water，and be in reasonably good shape”可知，在该地攀登时需要在空气稀薄的地方进行一段徒步旅行，旅行者需要有耐心，多喝水，身体还要不错。由此可以推断出Piedra Herrada是在高海拔处。
26．What made the author's hiking worthwhile?
A．Becoming healthier.
B．Breathing in fresh air.
C．Finding trees of different shapes.
D．Seeing the butterfly migration.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第五至六段的描述可知，虽然作者到达目的地前经历了一段艰辛的徒步旅行，但最后看到美丽的蝴蝶的那一刻，作者感到辛苦是值得的。故选D。
27．What type of writing is the text?
A．A news report. B．A scientific paper.
C．A travel diary. D．A commercial ad.
解析：选C 推理判断题。本文作者以第一人称叙述了自己观看蝴蝶迁徙的起因、经过和结果，是一篇旅行日志。
C
If you have ever found yourself looking for your keys，misplacing your cell phone or wanting to keep track of your bicycle or car，then the TrackR，a device (装置)that works with your smartphone created by a California-based company，is for you! At $29．95 each，not like the expensive GPS systems，or with TrackR Pack purchase deals，you can't afford not to have one!
Install(安装) the free TrackR app on your smartphone. Connect the app to your device and then you are ready to go! Simply attach the TrackR to whatever you don't want to lose. The entire process of setting it up only takes 5 minutes or less.
If you have the hard TrackR，you can just hide it under your car's floor mat，in the trunk or somewhere it won't be found if your car gets stolen. If you forget where you parked your car，take out your smartphone and open the TrackR app. Tap on the “lost item” icon on the screen and the app will tell you exactly where it is.
You can also attach it to your pet. Put it on their collar，and the problem of searching for them as they run off to nearby places will be over! Attach it to your keys and wallet，and never waste a minute searching the whole house for it. The affordable TrackR even comes with a double-sided adhesive(黏合剂) so you can stick it to your laptop or under your bike seat. Track down and punish the thieves who steal your expensive things!
The convenience and the ability to find actually any object means that the TrackR is one of the most useful articles that you'll find for any price. However，the best thing it can give is peace of mind，and it doesn't get any better than that.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款科技产品——TrackR。
28．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．How the TrackR works.
B．The features of the TrackR.
C．Why the TrackR is invented.
D．The advantages of the TrackR.
解析：选A 段落大意题。根据第二段的内容尤其是“Install(安装) the free TrackR app”“Connect the app to your device”及“attach the TrackR to”可知，本段主要讲的是TrackR是如何工作的。故选A。
29．What can the TrackR help people do?
A．Walk their pets nearby.
B．Recognize the thieves.
C．Seek their misplaced car.
D．Find them a parking place.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you forget. . . the app will tell you exactly where it is. ”可知，当你不记得自己把车停在哪里时，TrackR会告诉你它的准确位置。故选C。
30．What can we infer about the TrackR?
A．It's far from affordable.
B．It's on sale worldwide.
C．It can be easily folded.
D．It's small in size.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“hide it under your car's floor mat”和第四段中的“Put it on their collar. . . under your bike seat. ”可知，我们可以将TrackR放在汽车的垫子下面，系在宠物的颈圈上，附在钥匙上，放在钱包里或者粘在笔记本电脑上或自行车座位下，由此可推知TrackR的尺寸应是很小的。故选D。
31．What's the best title for the text?
A．TrackR—No Limits
B．TrackR—No Worries
C．TrackR—Your Item Protector
D．TrackR—Your Financial Manager
解析：选B 标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了一款跟踪装置TrackR的相关内容，有了它，人们就不用担心丢东西了。故B项作本文标题最佳。
D
In the first days of space exploration，one concern was the possibility that astronauts or spacecraft might be hit by meteoroids(流星体)．Scientists calculated that this possibility was extremely small because meteoroids are rare. Astronauts and spacecraft，on the other hand，would almost certainly encounter space debris(残骸)，which poses a greater threat.
However，in the 60 years since the beginning of space exploration，large quantities of human-made orbital debris have accumulated. Much of the debris consists of satellites that have stopped functioning or rocket booster sections that separated from the main spacecraft. Some of the debris consists of items lost by astronauts. Still more of the debris is the result of collisions，such as when one satellite collides with another or with a large piece of debris.
NASA estimates there are millions of debris particles(微粒) that are too small to be tracked. These circle Earth at a speed of up to 17,500 miles per hour，making even the smallest particles dangerous. One scientist calculated that a chip of paint hitting the window of a spacecraft at orbital speeds will hit with the same amount of force as a bowling ball traveling at 60 mph. Such an impact occurred on the space shuttle Challenger's second flight.
Larger objects are even more dangerous，but they can be monitored and avoided. Many satellites have the ability to adjust their course slightly and can be remotely directed to avoid collisions with larger objects that would damage or destroy the satellites. NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) have departments dedicated to cataloging，modeling，and predicting the movements of space debris.
To avoid adding to the amount of debris，obsolete satellites may need to be able to take themselves out of orbit as their usefulness comes to an end. Until a way to remove these remains is implemented，however，those 500,000 pieces of large fragments，along with the millions of smaller pieces，will continue to orbit Earth.
【解题导语】 本文是说明文。文章说明了人类留在太空的大量残骸带来的极大危害。
32．What's mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?
A．Problems caused by old satellites and equipment.
B．Better tracking of the space debris that is orbiting Earth.
C．The types of space debris that is causing problems.
D．Why space exploration was carried out in the beginning.
解析：选C 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，该段主要列举了人类留在太空的残骸种类。
33．Why does space debris pose a greater threat than meteoroids?
A．Space debris is only found in a narrow band around Earth.
B．Meteoroids are much smaller than most pieces of space debris.
C．Space debris cannot be tracked and monitored，but meteoroids can.
D．Meteoroids are rare while there are large quantities of space debris.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists calculated that. . . encounter space debris(残骸)”以及第二段中的“large quantities of human-made orbital debris have accumulated”可知，与罕见的流星体相比，太空残骸因其数量之大，造成的危害更大。
34．What does the author intend to show by mentioning Challenger's second flight?
A．The fun_ction of a spacecraft at orbital speeds.
B．The damage caused by debris particles.
C．The impact of NASA's estimation.
D．The danger posed by space flight.
解析：选B 推理判断题。第三段主要说明了残骸微粒所带来的危害，Challenger的例子是为了证明这一观点。
35．What does the underlined word “obsolete” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Private. B．Artificial.
C．Outdated. D．Commercial.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“To avoid adding to the amount of debris”以及“as their usefulness comes to an end”可知，过时的、不再使用的卫星应该具备退出轨道的功能，避免增加残骸的数量。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Calm Down at Work
The workplace can be a stressful place. Anxiety，conflict，bad management and overwork can lead to frustration and stress. 36
Keep something you like to look at within sight. A photo of a loved one or a favorite personal souvenir is the best example. Keep such an item somewhere you can glance at it whenever you wish to do so. 37
Take a moment to engage in exercise. If you're unable to leave your work area，stand and stretch for a moment. Muscle tension exercises can also help you calm down. 38 For instance，start by squeezing all of your face muscles as tightly as you can for twenty seconds and slowly releasing them.
Write down the reason why you are upset. 39 Getting your thoughts and feelings out on paper can help clarify the issue you're having. Writing down your thoughts can even help you determine the best way to address your frustration or anxiety and move forward.
40 If you and another co-worker are constantly frustrated with one another，set up a time to speak with him or her. Say something like，“Hey，Sarah，let's sit down sometime soon and chat to make sure we're on the same page about our upcoming project. ”
A．Turn to your workmates for help.
B．Communicate with your workmates.
C．A vase of flowers on your desk is another good example.
D．Focus on one particular muscle or muscle group at a time.
E．Here are the steps you can take to help you calm down at work.
F．Engage your body by rolling your head，shoulder，and ankles while sitting.
G．The best way to figure out exactly what's bothering you is to write it down.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了能帮助人在工作中镇静下来的一些方法。
36．解析：选E 上文说工作场所可能是一个充满压力的地方，忧虑、冲突、糟糕的管理和过度工作可能会导致沮丧和压力。E项“这儿就有一些你可以采纳来帮助你在工作中镇静下来的措施”与上文语义衔接且符合下文的叙述，故选E。
37．解析：选C 本段主要叙述的是放一些你喜欢的东西在视力范围内，而C项说在桌上放一瓶花就是另外一个好的例子，承接上文，故选C。
38．解析：选D 上文说肌肉伸展训练能够帮助你镇静下来，而D项说一次关注一个特定(部位)的肌肉或肌肉组，前后语义衔接连贯，故选D。
39．解析：选G 上文说写下你沮丧的原因，而G项说准确地弄清使你烦恼的原因的最好方法就是把它写下来，与上文逻辑一致，故选G。空前的“Write down”也是提示词。
40．解析：选B 根据空处所在位置可知，空处为段落主题句。本段讲的是如果你和你的同事一直对彼此感到失望，那就找些时间和你的同事交流一下。B项“与你的同事交流”概括准确，故选B。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In this day and age taking a photograph is easier than ever. There are 41 built into our phones，computers. . . The way we share photos has 42 changed. There was a time when you'd 43 your photos and file them away into photo albums，but 44 the advances in technology and the Internet，all this has changed.
Not only do we have what seems like a(n) 45 amount of space to 46 photos on our devices(设备)，but we also have the Internet and social media. Social networks such as Facebook 47 us to post our pictures and albums to share with friends and family.
While you could argue this 48 way to store，share and enjoy photos is fantastic，it also could be said that photographs have 49 some of their meaning. I have over 1,000 50 on my smartphone and several thousand stored on my computer. I love Instagram and occasionally post my pictures to Facebook. Sometimes， 51 ，I'll be in the middle of taking or posting a photo and think，is this something worth 52 ？I try to ask myself，will I 53 want to look back at this picture of a coffee or a selfie(自拍照) taken in a bathroom by myself？Probably not.
Even though I'm guilty of occasionally taking 54 and boring pictures like this，a couple of years ago I decided to find a way to make my photographs more meaningful. 55 did I do this？Disposable cameras！When I go on a trip，I always try to 56 a disposable camera. With only 24 pictures you can take，you really 57 the photographs you're taking. It's also kind of 58 that you can't see the photograph straight away. And 59 ，it's so much fun to get the pictures 60 and look through them.
【解题导语】 本文是夹叙夹议文。作者先论述了让照片变得更有意义的必要性，接着分享了自己的经验。
41．A. players B．readers
C．cameras D．calculators
解析：选C 由上文的“taking a photograph is easier than ever”可推断，此处是说如今人们的手机和电脑里都装有“相机(cameras)”，都有拍照功能。
42．A. even B．only
C．also D．just
解析：选C 该句与文章首句“In this day and age taking a photograph is easier than ever. ”相呼应。不仅拍照变得容易了，分享照片的方式“也(also)”改变了。
43．A. print B．check
C．share D．forget
解析：选A 过去人们会把照片“印(print)”出来，然后放到照相簿里以便于分享给他人看。
44．A. in case of B．in spite of
C．instead of D．because of
解析：选D “由于(because of)”科技和网络的进步，一切都改变了。
45．A. limited B．equal
C．exact D．endless
解析：选D 解析见下题。
46．A. beautify B．store
C．show D．take
解析：选B 在我们的电子设备上我们似乎有“无尽的(endless)”空间用来“存储(store)”照片。
47．A. force B．need
C．allow D．expect
解析：选C 我们通过社交网络发布照片和相册，与家人和朋友分享。allow “允许”。
48．A. easy B．traditional
C．bad D．similar
解析：选A 由前两段可知，如今储存、分享、欣赏照片的方式“简单容易(easy)”。
49．A. carried B．expressed
C．lost D．refused
解析：选C 由下文可知，作者认为关于照片的一切都变得容易了，照片本身也随之“失去了(lost)”一些意义。下段中的“find a way to make my photographs more meaningful”是提示。
50．A. numbers B．songs
C．articles D．pictures
解析：选D 本段围绕照片的意义展开论述。故此处是说作者的智能手机上有一千多张“照片(pictures)”。
51．A. however B．therefore
C．otherwise D．besides
解析：选A “我爱Instagram这一图片分享应用，也偶尔在脸书上发布自己的照片”与“有时当我在拍照或者发布照片时，我会对我做的事情提出质疑”之间是转折关系，故选however。
52．A. doing B．watching
C．correcting D．knowing
解析：选A 作者怀疑拍或发布某些照片这样的事情真的值得“做(doing)”吗？
53．A. hardly B．really
C．nearly D．suddenly
解析：选B 作者问自己将来是否“真的(really)”想要去回顾某些照片。
54．A. interesting B．meaningless
C．ordinary D．precious
解析：选B 由下文的“and boring pictures like this”可知，作者偶尔也会为拍一些类似一杯咖啡或卫生间自拍照一样的“没有意义的(meaningless)”、无聊的照片感到愧疚。
55．A. When B．Where
C．How D．Why
解析：选C 下文介绍了如何让照片更有意义的方法。故此处应选How。
56．A. sell B．fix
C．carry D．donate
解析：选C 由下文可知，作者旅行时总是尽量“携带(carry)”一部一次性相机来拍照。
57．A. learn about B．think about
C．depend on D．put away
解析：选B 因为用一次性相机只能拍24张照片，所以你会认真“考虑(think about)”你拍的照片。
58．A. exciting B．disappointing
C．confusing D．satisfying
解析：选A 此处讲使用一次性相机的好处。不能立即看到照片的效果也颇“令人感到兴奋(exciting)”。
59．A. gradually B．finally
C．recently D．regularly
解析：选B 解析见下题。
60．A. drawn B．published
C．enlarged D．developed
解析：选D “最终(finally)”，把照片“冲洗(developed)”出来并仔细欣赏的过程是如此有趣。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever thought about the best meal you have ever eaten？For many people，it isn't just about the quality of the food；it's also about great memories of a particular vacation or the person it was shared 61．________. We asked 100 famous chefs from around the world 62．________ their best meals were，and we got some 63．________(interest) answers.
As the researchers expected,30% of the chefs 64．________ (survey) said that their best meal as a kid was still what they liked the most as an adult. 20% 65．________ (consider) a meal in a fancy restaurant as the best one in their lives，and another 10% said that a meal while they were on vacation with their wife 66．________ husband was the best of all time. 15% said that a simple meal that they often cooked at home ranked 67．________ (high) than any other meal，and the same number said that their best dish was something they made at the place where they worked. 68．________ (surprising)，10% of these chefs said that their favorite meal of their entire lives was at a fast food restaurant！These best 69．________(cook)in the world would pick McDonald's or KFC if they had the choice of what 70．________(eat)．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。就什么是最佳美食，研究人员对世界上一百名著名的厨师做了调查，得到了许多非常有趣的答案。
61．解析：根据语境可知，最佳的美食不仅仅与食物的质量有关，还可能与假期的美好回忆或共同进餐的人有关。share with为固定搭配，意为“与……分享”。
答案：with
62．解析：分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作及物动词asked的宾语；该引导词也作从句的表语，故用what引导该宾语从句。
答案：what
63．解析：根据空后的名词“answers”可知，空处修饰该名词，故用形容词形式。表示“有趣的”，修饰answers，应填interesting。
答案：interesting
64．解析：chefs和动词survey之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示“被调查的厨师”，故用过去分词作后置定语。
答案：surveyed
65．解析：根据上文中的“said”可知，该处陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。被调查的厨师中有百分之二十认为在豪华的饭店就餐时吃的饭菜是他们人生中的最佳美食。
答案：considered
66．解析：根据空前的“wife”和空后的“husband”可知，和妻子或者丈夫度假时吃的饭菜是他们人生中的最佳美食，空处表示选择关系。
答案：or
67．解析：根据空后的“than”可知，该处用形容词的比较级形式，表示家常便饭比其他任何饭菜更好，故用比较级higher。
答案：higher
68．解析：空处修饰整个句子，故用副词形式，表示令人惊讶的是，这些厨师中百分之十的人认为他们一生中最喜欢的美食是在快餐店吃的饭菜。
答案：Surprisingly
69．解析：cook为可数名词，根据该句中的“these”可 知，该处用复数形式。
答案：cooks
70．解析：分析该句结构可知，此处应用疑问代词what＋to do作介词of的宾语。
答案：to eat
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
During my last winter holiday，I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there，they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks，and another animals. Last winter when I went here again，they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip，I told my father that I planned to return for every two years，but he agreed.
答案：
During my last winter holiday，I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I a big change there. The first time I went there，they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks，and animals. Last winter when I went again，they had a big separate house to raise dozens of . They also had a small pond which或 they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish. I felt that their life had improved. At the end of our trip，I told my father that I planned to return for every two years， he agreed.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
最近你所在的英语俱乐部就你市是否应该出台限购私家车的政策进行了讨论。请根据表格内容写一篇英语短文介绍讨论情况并发表自己的看法。
赞成的理由
1．节约能源，减少污染；
2．缓解了交通拥挤的问题。
反对的理由
1．购买汽车是人们的权利；
2．给人们的出行带来不便。
你的看法
……
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．开头已给出，但不计入总词数。
Recently our English Club has had a debate about whether there should be policies on controlling the purchase of private cars in our city. ___________________
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One possible version：
Recently our English Club has had a debate about whether there should be policies on controlling the purchase of private cars in our city. We had different opinions.
Some people support it. They say nowadays a large number of people own private cars, which has caused many problems, such as air pollution, traffic jams and an increase of energy use. There is no doubt that controlling the number of private cars will reduce these problems.
However, others think differently. They argue that they have the right to buy cars. What's more, if they don't have their own car, it isn't convenient for them to go out, whether for work or travel.
As for me, I agree with the former. In fact, we can use other forms of transport like buses, subways and bicycles.
