课件56张PPT。Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Pre-reading & Reading—Comprehending练读文 记词汇 学翻译1 教材助读通语篇 学理解 重分析2语篇理解different ideas about globalthe reasons for global warming graphs and data warming There is no doubt human activity 宾语从句 结果状语宾语从句 非限制性 Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
课时作业
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He had to leave his house because it had been ________(flood) in the heavy rain.
2．________ are willing to pay by credit card when ________ in the supermarket.(consume)
3．He ________(subscribe) a lot of instruments to the local hospital.
4．Owing to these ________(phenomenon)，we should advocate “Green Olympics”．
5．While he is busy working，he ________ to burst with anger，that is，he has a ________ to lose his temper.( tend)
6．When she told her parents that she wanted to work abroad，her mother was ________(oppose) to it at once.
7．He is very ________ and doesn't get angry，and he usually treats everyone ________.(mild)
8．They do not ________ that she is a good teacher，but their ________ is very important in fact.(state)
答案：
1．flooded 2.Consumers consuming 3.subscribed
4．phenomena 5.tends tendency 6.opposed 7.mild mildly 8.state statement
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．His illness resulted in bad food.in→from
2．The reform has resulted from great changes in our country.from→in
3．They are opposed in the enclosure of common land.in→to
4．The police found large quantity of drugs at his home.quantity→quantities或large前加a
5．It stated that standards at the hospital were dropping.stated前加was
6．Even that I fail this time，I will try again.that→if/though
7．If you subscribe for the newspaper，it will be delivered to your door.for→to
8．You will end up in debt if you keep out spending money like that.out→on
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment.“We didn't know at that time there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA.
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many，many times”，says Gaylord Nelson，the former governor from Wisconsin，who thought up the first Earth Day.
According to US government reports，emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3million tons a year to 5.5 tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with，the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.
Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights，motors，and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.
Twenty-five years ago，there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today，it's hard to find a public school，university，or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that，nothing else will change！” say Bruce Anderson.
【解题导语】 在文章中作者介绍了自从1970年第一个地球日成立以来，美国的环境问题有了很大的改善。以前在公共事务中无足轻重的环境问题现在成了一项社会问题，从科学家到大学教授再到平民百姓都有了环保意识。而且作者指出教育在这种变化方面也起着非常重要的作用。
1. According to Bruce Anderson，before 1970，Americans had little idea about ________.
A．the social movement
B．recycling techniques
C．environmental problems
D．the importance of Earth Day
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据文章首段Bruce Anderson说的话“We didn't know at that time there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it”可知当时人们不知道环境这个概念，更别说环境问题了，由此可知答案选C。
2．Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?
A．The grass-roots level.
B．The business circle.
C．Government officials.
D．University professors.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Business people, political leaders，university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement.”可知商人、政界领导、大学教授、尤其是平民百姓们都参与了保护环境运动，由此判断保护环境的支持主要来自草根阶层。
3．What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?
A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest.
B．They have settled their environmental problems.
C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.
D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs ...and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.”可知回收工作的改进，先进产品或者住房设计的研制开发等其结果都是有效减少了污染，改善了环境，故答案选D。
4．What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?
A．Education. B．Planning.
C．Green living. D．CO reduction.
解析：选A 主旨大意题。文章末段提到目前几乎每所学校都有关于环境保护的课程；而且通过最后Bruce Anderson说的话“Until we do that，nothing else will change！”可知教育在改变人们保护环境的意识，改善环境问题方面至关重要。
Ⅳ.完形填空
When I smoked with my family，I would feel so __1__ and good that nothing else in the world seemed so __2__.I thought that smoking weed (烟草) was okay since many of my family members and people at my school smoked.__3__ ever happened to them.__4__ I started smoking weed a lot more during lunch and after school.I never thought __5__ of it.At that time I just wanted to smoke.Then I began to __6__ in school.I would __7__ classes，come home late and spend all my money.I would spend __8__ 8 to 18 dollars a day.I never thought __9__ about the bad effect that marijuana (大麻) had on those things.Maybe my coming to class high (神志恍惚) was the reason why I was failing or coming home late.As I continued to smoke marijuana，I began to notice that I would always have the strong desire to smoke and that I would get __10__ cigarettes if I smoked those，but I don't.__11__ I have learned more about marijuana，I have __12__ the amount of marijuana that I use.I don't want marijuana to be the most important in my life.I'm not smoking every day，and not spending as much money.Since I have __13__ on my habit，I am __14__ more money.I'm ready to go back to school and do good，so that I can make myself __15__.Everyone is always saying how weed __16__ your mind and how it solves problems.I think it only brings more __17__.Marijuana is not good for your body or your brain.I'm not trying to tell you not to smoke; I'm just letting you know that marijuana can be __18__ to your health，and that __19__ it may cause some long-term negative effects.Stop smoking now，before it is too late.I don't want to lecture anyone，but just __20__ my experience with you.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己最初对烟草非常痴迷，后来决心戒烟的故事。作者将自己的亲身经历与大家分享， 想让所有的人都认识到吸烟的不良影响。
1．A.worried B．relaxed
C．disappointed D．stressed
解析：选B 根据下文的“and good”可知， 当时作者对吸烟的态度应该是肯定的，认为吸烟是好事，并能让他感到放松。
2．A.important B．common
C．interesting D．funny
解析：选A 从文章第12空后的“I don't want marijuana to be the most important in my life.”可知，作者当初认为吸烟是生命中非常重要的事情。
3．A.Something B．Everything
C．Nothing D．Anything
解析：选C 作者坚持吸烟的原因之一是他并没有看到周围的人因为吸烟而出事。
4．A.By the way B．Now and then
C．In my opinion D．For a time
解析：选D 根据下文的“At that time”可知，此处是指“一段时间”。by the way “顺便说一下”；now and then “不时，时而”；in my opinion “在我看来”；for a time “一段时间”。
5．A.too much B．a little
C．too often D．any more
解析：选A 作者起初对吸烟的态度是积极的，所以当他在午饭期间以及放学后吸烟量增大时也没有对此过多考虑。
6．A.get ahead B．fall behind
C．come across D．make up
解析：选B 根据下文“I never thought __9__ about the bad effect that marijuana(大麻)had on those things.”可知，吸烟已经影响到了作者的学习和生活。get ahead “取得进步”；fall behind “落后”；come across “偶遇”；make up “编造，化妆”。结合语境可确定答案为B项。
7．A.give B．have
C．attend D．cut
解析：选D 根据上文“Then I began to __6__ in school.”可知，作者学业开始下降。cut classes意为“旷课”，此处是吸烟对作者学习的影响。
8．A.at least B．at most
C．no more than D．as little as
解析：选A 根据上文的“spend all my money”可知，作者花在吸烟上的钱并不少，每天至少要8至18美元。at least“至少”；at most “最多”；no more than “只有，仅仅”；as little as “和……一样少”。
9．A.once B．twice
C．again D．further
解析：选B 尽管吸烟对作者的学习和生活影响很大，但当时作者考虑得并不多。think twice about sth.“三思而行，慎重考虑后再决定”。
10．A.used to B．paid for
C．lost in D．ready for
解析：选C 根据下文“...if I smoked those，but I don't.”可知， 当时作者已经意识到如果继续吸烟的话，就会沉溺其中。get used to “习惯于”；get paid for “因……而被付给钱”；get lost in “沉迷于，热衷于”；get ready for “为……做好准备”。
11．A.As if B．Even if
C．Now that D．As long as
解析：选C 既然作者已经意识到了吸烟的危害，于是他开始控制吸烟的量。 as if “好像”；even if “即使”；now that “既然”；as long as “只要”。
12．A.reduced B．increased
C．decided D．continued
解析：选A 从下文“I'm not smoking every day，and not spending as much money.”可知，作者在有意识地减少吸烟的量。reduce “降低，减少”。
13．A.broken down B．cut down
C．turned off D．cut off
解析：选B 由于作者意识到了吸烟的危害，所以尽量少吸烟。break down“(机器等)出故障，(身体)垮掉，失败”；cut down “减少，消减”；turn off “关掉(电源等)”；cut off“切断”。由此可知答案为B。
14．A.wasting B．spending
C．making D．saving
解析：选D 既然烟吸得少了，钱自然能节省一些。
15．A.less B．more
C．better D．worse
解析：选C 根据上文可知，作者做好了回到学校的准备，并想要好好表现，所以此处应为使自己变得更好。
16．A.excites B．fills
C．repairs D．destroys
解析：选A 根据下文的“and how it solves problems”可知，有的人在鼓吹吸烟的好处。
17．A.problems B．pleasure
C．convenience D．excitement
解析：选A 结合上文作者对吸烟的危害的亲身体验以及下文的“Marijuana is not good for your body or your brain.”可知，作者现在意识到吸烟只会带来危害。
18．A.helpful B．useful
C．dangerous D．strange
解析：选C 作者意在警告人们注意吸烟所带来的危害。dangerous意为“危险的”，符合作者的意图。
19．A.in the beginning B．in the distance
C．in the long run D．in the past
解析：选C 根据下文的“long-term negative effects”可知选C项。
20．A.tell B．explain
C．regret D．share
解析：选D 作者写这篇文章的目的是让大家知道他的经历。share sth. with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”。
Ⅴ.短文改错
It has been several week since I came to my new school.It was a clean，beautiful and modern one，with a large playground and an amazed digital reading-room.All the teachers are friendly and kindly.Among them，I like my English teacher best，who is enthusiastic but popular with us.He is also strict to us.He teaches us in an unusual way.Besides，he always avoids making us to feel embarrassed in class.All my classmates works hard.We're enjoying such new life and trying to develop us for the future.
答案：
It has been several since I came to my new school.It a clean，beautiful and modern one，with a large playground and an digital reading-room.All the teachers are friendly and .Among them，I like my English teacher best，who is enthusiastic popular with us.He is also strict us.He teaches us in an unusual way.Besides，he always avoids making us feel embarrassed in class.All my classmates hard.We're enjoying such new life and trying to develop for the future.
课件84张PPT。Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points记单词 记短语 记句型3 基础梳理graph
per
data
trend
mild
random
rangeglance
subscribephenomenonphenomenaopposeopposedconsequence
steady
steadily
quantity
state
tend
consumesubscribe to
come about
quantities of
go up导致
即使
继续
与……相比when compared toThere is no doubt thatit is human activity that rather than Without
would beit is
that has resulted inEven if we start reducing the amount 研词汇 析句型 练拓展4 要点透析on/upon for itwhich前或depends后加on/upon that前加iton→ofdepend on her arriving
depend on others
depend on itdepending on where they come from depends on whether he can grasp the chanceabout
across
out
upcome aboutcome acrosscome outhave been shippedinain quantityput quality before quantityto sleeptendencyto tendtend to talk about traditionstend on customers warmlyAs a resultas a result ofresulted inresult fromoppose themselves toare opposed to
opposeopposedgoing
AsInInConsequentlyas a consequencein consequence of
逐渐增加(紧张关系)加剧增强体质创业build us uptakes upbring up
thatthatthatwhetherthatThere is some doubt whetherhave no doubt thatthatwhywhich→thatif→whetherthat teenagers shouldn't spendtoo much time onlinewhether he will go there who is fit to do the work them→whomwhom→whichwhich
whomwhichwhomthe title of which(＝of which the title) both of which (＝of which both) two of whom (＝of whom two) thirty percent of whom (＝ of whom thirty percent )随堂练 固基础 夯根基5 随堂训练uantitiesonsequenceubscribe
pposedrangedatacatastropherandomphenomenoneven if they have the interestWhen compared withThere is no doubt thatsubscribe toas soon as you can word部分： 请做： 6课时作业
练速度 练能力 练规范点此进入该word板块Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
课时作业
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．She was dressed casually (casual) in jeans and a sweatshirt.
2．The employee couldn't put up with the pressure, so he chose to leave the company.
3．He took a cold water bath to_refresh (refresh)himself and then went back to work again.
4．No one knows when such a custom came into existence(exist)．
5．Our students should study hard and make contributions to our society.
6．We advocate helping(help)the poor schoolmates by raising some money.
7．Under these circumstances(circumstance)，you might agree with us that it is rather difficult for your products to set foot in this market.
8．The rain didn't make much difference(different)to the game.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．If she could put up the conditions there, we could take her.
up后加with
2．Your support will certainly make difference to our cause.
make后加a
3．As the whole, the damage to the house is not serious and it could be repaired.As→On
4．On the behalf of the class, I would like to thank you all.去掉第一个the
5．In average, people who don't smoke are healthier than people who do.In→On
6．Circumstance permitting, I'll go abroad to study.
Circumstance→Circumstances
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
The world celebrates Earth Day every year on April 22.But one school in Potomac, Maryland tries to honor Earth Day every day.Very young children are learning about the environment and taking action to show their love for the Earth.
A child's world is the world of playing.They love being outside in the open air，running，sliding and swinging on playground equipment.But children at St.James Children's School also add to that fun by picking up rubbish in the school.Inside, they learn to save water and electricity.They also recycle and reuse.And every spring they get the soil ready to plant flowers and vegetables in the school garden.
The children at St.James range from six weeks to six years old.The environmental study begins at age two.Rebecca Boker teaches the children the importance of taking care of the Earth.Boker says every day at St.James is Earth Day.She points to books in all the classrooms and in the library.Most contain materials that urge children to do something to help the environment and protect the Earth.
St.James children observe the growth of plants from seeds to sprouts (苗，芽) in cups kept in the classroom.Then they watch the plants continue to grow after placing them in the garden.The students also observe the lifecycle of some insects.After that, they know it is their job to respect their home just like they want others to respect theirs.
But do these very young children really get the message that their teachers try to communicate? Ms.Boker says yes.On April 22 the kids at St.James will go out to the school's garden for the yearly clean-up.But for them, Earth Day will continue for the school days ahead as well.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了在一所叫圣·詹姆斯的儿童学校，每天让小朋友了解有关环境的知识以及采取行动让孩子尊重地球，在那里每一天都是地球日。
1．Which might be the best title for the passage?
A．Earth Days at St.James Children's School
B．How to Celebrate Earth Day
C．How to Protect the Environment
D．Young Children's Love and Respect for the Earth
解析：选A 标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了在圣·詹姆斯儿童学校每一天都是地球日。
2．When will the children start the environmental study?
A．At the age of six weeks.
B．At two years old.
C．At age six.
D．At age seven.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The environmental study begins at age two.”可知，在圣·詹姆斯学校的儿童两岁开始学习保护环境。
3．By observing the growth of plants and insects，the school mainly wants to ________.
A．teach the importance of respecting the Earth
B．help the children write better compositions
C．enrich the children's knowledge in agriculture
D．let the children enjoy the growth of life
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“After that, they know it is their job to respect their home just like they want others to respect theirs.”可知，通过观察植物和昆虫可以教孩子知道尊重地球的重要性。
4．What's Ms.Boker's attitude towards the way of teaching children at St.James?
A．Anxious. B．Surprised.
C．Negative. D．Positive.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句“But do these very young children really get the message that their teachers try to communicate? Ms.Boker says yes.”可知，博克女士对这种做法是持肯定态度的，故选D。
B
(2019·江苏泰州期中)
Pollution's great effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years，leading to a movement to promote energy efficiency，less reliance on fossil fuels and a reduction in air and water pollution.Most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.
The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution.In the United States，building and development account for 39 percent of the country's total energy use,12 percent of total water consumption,68 percent of total electricity consumption and 38 percent of carbon dioxide emissions，according to the Environment Protection Agency.
Green buildings use less energy，water，create less waste and are healthier to live, work and study in than standard buildings.Builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently during the entire building cycle—construction，restoration，operation，maintenance (维护) and demolition (拆毁)—than those who construct more regular buildings.
The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity，improved air and water quality，less waste flowing into streams and the conservation of natural resources.Green buildings can also contribute to lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality，improving the health of people who live there.
The process of building greenly includes technical and artistic planning with nature conservation in mind.Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw.In addition，recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the costs and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.
Careful site selection is important to minimize human impact on the surrounding environment.For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes and sunlight can reduce energy use and expense.More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well，so it is important to build small.
Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs.These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants，which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.
Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation，recycling and waste reduction.In addition，renewable energy sources such as solar power，hydropower(水力发电) and wind power are used for heating and electricity，which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment.
【解题导语】 本文为说明文，介绍了一种耗能少、产生废物少、更加环保的绿色建筑。
5．What is the text mainly about?
A．The necessity of promoting energy efficiency.
B．The process of building green buildings.
C．The benefits and features of green buildings.
D．Green buildings' effects on the environment.
解析：选C 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，前两段讲述了环境污染愈来愈严重，保护环境免受进一步的破坏成为必需，从而引出下文对绿色建筑的介绍。文章的后六段具体详细地介绍了绿色建筑的益处和特色。故选C。
6．According to the text，green buildings refer to the buildings that ________.
A．produce no waste
B．only use clean energy
C．are made of recycled materials
D．use energy and resources more efficiently
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste and are healthier to live, work and study in than standard buildings.”可知，绿色建筑使用更少的能源、消耗更少的水，产生更少的废物。因此绿色建筑可以更有效地使用能源。故选D。
7．Which of the following statements is TRUE about green buildings?
A．They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heating and electricity.
B．Small buildings are less efficient in energy use than larger ones.
C．The ecosystem has to be considered when building a green building.
D．They are difficult to maintain and thus need more operating costs.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第五段首句“The process of building greenly includes technical and artistic planning with nature conservation in mind.”可知，建造绿色建筑时必须考虑到生态系统。故选C。
8．Green roofs are used because ________.
A．they fit the surrounding environment well
B．they are cheaper than other kinds of roofs
C．they can keep natural water for use in everyday life
D．they can help to control the temperature in the building well
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low，prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.”可知，绿色屋顶被植物覆盖，有助于隔热和御寒，阻止水流出和处理污染物。因此推断绿色屋顶有助于很好地控制室内的温度。故选D。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2019·安徽合肥检测)
Art is for everyone and it exists everywhere.When it comes to appreciating an art painting，there is no right or wrong way.__1__
?Know the artist.To know the artist is the first step towards appreciating any art painting.__2__ Once you get familiar with the paintings by a particular artist，you will start relating to their unique style.
?__3__ This is really tough.There are different styles and types of art mediums，such as realism，surrealism and impressionism，to name but a few.So for beginners，it's advisable to keep things simple.Try to understand if the art you see is a watercolor，an oil or acrylic(丙烯酸颜料) painting，or a sketch (素描)．You also need to figure out the style of the work—figurative (形象的) or abstract.
?Try and find a meaning.To read between lines and colors and understand what the artist means can be very difficult.__4__ So here's a simple guide.Figurative paintings are easy because they are an honest description of emotions on the canvas (油画布)．Still，it doesn't mean your understanding is the same as the artist's.Abstracts attempt to create magic with shapes，lines and colors and their meaning is different for everyone who sees it.
?Search for emotions.Not every work of art will catch your eyes or evoke your emotions at first sight.__5__ Explore the art work with your eyes.
Once you are aware of these things，you will be able to break the ice with the artist.
A．Discover your taste and style.
B．Know the type of art and medium used.
C．Some of these art works will take time to reach you.
D．You just might find that art changes the way you see the world.
E．Learning something about the artist adds to the appreciation of art.
F．A simple art painting might be understood otherwise for different people.
G．The following ideas may help you join in the conversation between you and the artist.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍如何欣赏和解读艺术家的艺术作品。
1．解析：选G 该空起着承上启下的作用，下文各段的主题句说明了解读艺术作品的方式和建议；再结合尾段“Once you are aware of these things, you will be able to break the ice with the artist.”可以判断出，此处表示下列方法有助于读者和艺术家交流，故选G项。
2．解析：选E 依据本段主题句“Know the artist.”可知，该段主要建议“了解艺术家”；结合该空前一句可知，了解艺术家是欣赏艺术作品的第一步，由此可判断，此处表示了解艺术家有助于欣赏作品。E项符合语境。
3．解析：选B 依据此空的位置可知，此空是本段的主题句。依据空后的内容可知，艺术形式有着不同的表现方式和风格，mediums与B项中的medium相照应，故选B项。
4．解析：选F 依据上文中的“To read between lines and colors...means can be very difficult.”可知，体会作品的言外之意，理解艺术家的思想是非常困难的。F项表示不同的人对一幅简单的画有着不同的理解，与上文衔接紧密。故选F项。
5．解析：选C 依据该空前一句可知，并非每一件艺术作品一开始就能吸引你，打动你，由此可判断出，有些艺术作品需要花时间才能领会其中的意义。故选C项。
课件90张PPT。 Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language练读文 记词汇 学翻译1 教材助读通语篇 学理解 重分析2 语篇理解environmentalimprovementsmake greenhouse Turn
Walk
recycledenergy trees globalfeelthathave little effect on
butwhothatwe do every daymany things thatas a result of 记单词 记短语 记句型 3 基础梳理average
widespread
casual
circumstance
refreshtend
tendency
contribution
existence
Pollutiondisagreementgrowth
advocatecommitment on behalf of
on the whole
put up with
and so on只要
代替
有影响where to start with so long as if notIt takes a lot of energy to make things 研词汇 析句型 练拓展4 要点透析above
Onbelow an average of On average is well above average is below average on my school's behalf in the children's behalf on behalf of him on behalf of on his behalf a to difference difference to make no difference to make a big difference to put up with put me up put up with put away put on put up with so/as long as I am with my sonas/so long as you don't keep it too longas long aswhereUnder/In the circumstancesUnder/In no circumstancesAt no time and under no circumstances willOn no condition canBy no means canIf notIf soIf necessaryif possibleto acquireItIt takes me two hours to do my homework every day.My homework takes me two hours every day.It takes two hours for me to do my homework every day.随堂练 固基础 夯根基5 随堂训练veragexistenceefreshircumstancesadvocate casualtendency widespreadtakes half an hour for me to arrive atIf notas/so long as you guarantee to finishyour paper on timewhat to do to helpenvironment (should) be protectedword部分： 请做： 6课时作业
练速度 练能力 练规范点此进入该word板块Unit 4 Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
课时作业
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2018·天津卷改编)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
2．—How was it that you improved your work efficiency so much?
—Oh, we have introduced some modern equipment.
3．(重庆卷改编)Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.
4．(天津卷改编)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.
5．(四川卷改编)Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr.Smith got angry?
6．(福建卷改编)It was the culture，rather than the language，that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
7．(新课标全国卷Ⅱ改编)It was only after he had read the papers that Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
8．It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.
9．It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
10．When was it that you first went to the Great Wall?
11．It was (be)not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
12．It was not until after liberation that he returned to his hometown.
13．It was at the age of 5 that he left his hometown for Taiwan.
14．I suppose it is I that am (be) responsible for the accident.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center's Store
Don't forget to stop by Pacific Science Center's Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
◆Hungry
Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇广告应用文。文章主要从购物点、就餐点、租借服务三方面介绍了Pacific Science Center，并展示了Pacific Science Center为人们做的贡献，呼吁人们的支持。
1．Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A．In Building 1. B．In Building 3.
C．At the last Dome. D．At the Denny Way entrance.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据题干关键词“souvenir”定位在第一段“The store is located (位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.”可知，Pacific Science Center的购物点在Laser Dome旁边的3号楼上。故选B。
2．What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?
A．Train science teachers.
B．Distribute science books.
C．Distribute scientific research.
D．Take science to the classroom.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据题干“for school”定位在最后一段“Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.”可知，现在Pacific Science Center每年向130多万人提供服务，并开始把科学教育带到华盛顿州的学校课程。故选D。
3．What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
A．To encourage donations.
B．To advertise coming events.
C．To introduce special exhibits.
D．To tell about the Center's history.
解析：选A 写作意图题。根据最后一段标题Support Pacific Science Center和信息句“Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.”可知，作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之捐赠。故选A。
B
Even the hardest days contain lessons that will help you be a better person. Feeling down？Consider these things to remember when you're having a bad day.
No one promised life would be perfect. If you look for perfection, you'll never be content. Don't condition your happiness on meeting every expectation you set for yourself. It is good to be ambitious，but you'll never be perfect. If you expect otherwise, your life will be filled with disappointments.
Success doesn't happen overnight. Trees_that_are_slow_to_grow_bear_the_best_fruit. Don't kid yourself into thinking success will come quickly. It isn't easy to be patient，but anything worth doing requires time. If you get frustrated, remind yourself why your goal is important.
There is a lesson in every struggle. And once the storm is over，you won't remember how you made it through or how you managed to survive. But one thing is certain. When you come out of the storm, you won't be the same person who walked in. That's what this storm's all about. Don't complain about how terrible your life is. If you search for the lesson in your present struggle, you'll be able to make positive changes that would prevent similar situations in the future.
Without hard times, you wouldn't appreciate the good ones. Strength does not come from winning. Your struggles develop your strengths. When you go through hardships and decide not to give in, that is strength. It is hard to find much to smile about when you fail, but how else would you improve yourself？If you look at failure as a part of your evolutionary process, you'll stay positive and pursue your goals as long as it takes.
【解题导语】 本文为议论文。作者论述了人在失意时要记住几件事：1.生活本来就不完美；2.成功不是一蹴而就的；3.困难让我们成长；4.没有困境，就不会珍惜好时光。
4．Which of the followings summarizes this passage best?
A．Every person has to go through hard times.
B．Perfection doesn't exist in life.
C．We should accept the fact that life is not perfect.
D．Things to remember when you are having a bad day.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Consider these things to remember when you're having a bad day.” 可知，本文告诉我们，当我们在不愉快的日子里，要记得去考虑下面的这些事。故D选项正确。
5．What does the underlined sentence mean?
A．Success will come quickly.
B．Hard work leads to success.
C．Success calls for patience.
D．Confidence is the first step to success.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段得知成功不会一夜之间发生，长得慢的树结最好的果实，不要欺骗自己，认为成功很快到来，耐心并不容易，但是任何值得做的事情都需要时间。由此推知，画线句意为“成功需要耐心”。故C选项正确。
6．We can learn from Paragraph 4 that ________.
A．lessons from struggles make us stronger
B．all things are difficult before they are easy
C．we should forget how we managed to survive
D．similar situations in the future will never appear
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段内容，每一次挣扎都有一个教训。当暴风雨过去，你不记得自己如何度过、如何幸存，你甚至不确定暴风雨是否已真正结束。但有一点确定无疑，当你走出暴风雨的时候，你不再是走进暴风雨的那个人。由此可知，从挣扎中吸取的教训使我们更加坚强。故A选项正确。
7．Which statement agrees with the passage?
A．Hard times make us lose heart and be short of courage.
B．Perseverance in time of hardships develops our strengths.
C．Smiles when you fail will not help to improve yourself.
D．We should try to avoid failures in the evolutionary process.
解析：选B 细节理解题。从最后一段可知：没有困境，就不会珍惜好时光。困难才能让人学会坚强，而不是成功。B项“Perseverance in time of hardships develops our strengths.(在困难时期，毅力激发我们的力量。)”符合本文主旨。故B选项正确。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The Sydney Opera House has a very interesting history.1.________ all started in the 1940s，when the Sydney Symphony Orchestra had nowhere to play.The orchestra's conductor, Eugene Goossens，asked the Australian government to think about building a place and the government 2.________(final) agreed to build an opera house in 1954.
The government held an 3.________(nation) competition to find a design for the opera house.Many of the 233 designers from around the world 4.________ entered the competition were famous，but the design of an unknown Danish architect 5.________(name) Jorn Utzon was chosen as the 6.________(win)．
While drawing up the plans，Utzon remembered the temples he 7.________(see) in Mexico before and used them as his inspiration for the base 8.________ the opera house in Sydney.The building of the opera house began in 1958，but Utzon had still not finished his plans.He did not like his first plan as the concrete roof shells did not work.His new idea was 9.________(make) the shell shapes on the roof into the shape of a ball.That way，the same ball mould (模型) could be used for several roof 10.________( part )．In 1962，the government agreed to the new ball roof idea.The building was completed and in November 1973, the Sydney Opera House was opened by Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ.
【解题导语】 文章介绍了悉尼歌剧院设计构思的征集、思路的变化和修建的过程。
1．解析：考查代词。此处指the Sydney Opera House，是单数，在句中作主语，故填It /That。
答案：It /That
2．解析：考查副词。此处修饰谓语动词用副词，指“最后同意”，故填finally。
答案：finally
3．解析：考查形容词。此处根据an和名词competition可知用形容词修饰，指一场国际竞争，故填international。
答案：international
4．解析：考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是many of the 233 designers，指人，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，用who/that引导，指参加竞赛的设计者们，故填who/that。
答案：who/that
5．解析：考查过去分词。句中named Jorn Utzon是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰an unknown Danish architect，指叫Jorn Utzon的一个不知名的丹麦建筑师，故填named。
答案：named
6．解析：考查名词。此处由the修饰，指被选为获胜者，用名词。故填winner。
答案：winner
7．解析：考查动词时态。此处指Utzon想起他以前在墨西哥见过的寺庙，主句动词用的是过去时remembered，发生在它之前的动作用过去完成时，故填had seen。
答案：had seen
8．解析：考查介词。the base of...指“……的基础”，故填of。
答案：of
9．解析：考查不定式。此处是不定式用于系动词was后作表语，指他的新想法是把顶上的贝壳形状变成球形。故填to make。
答案：to make
10．解析：考查名词。此处part是可数名词由several修饰，指几部分用复数形式。
答案：parts
Ⅳ.书面表达
(2019·湖南长沙一中第八次月考)
请根据下面这幅漫画写一篇100词左右的英语短文。
要求：
1．请阐述温室效应所产生的原因；
2．简述其后果，应尽可能涵盖图中所有信息(至少谈及两个方面)；
3.我们该怎么办？
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
One possible version：
These years global warming is becoming a serious problem，endangering people's lives.
Several factors contribute to the rise of the temperature.Firstly，a lot of greenhouse gases are produced by cars and factories. Secondly，people burn a lot of coal and wood for their life. Thirdly，the loss of forests is another cause of global warming.
Global warming will cause some harmful effects.Some islands will disappear because of rising sea levels, and thus people of certain countries will have to look for new places to live in.Extreme weather will also result from global warming.If the temperature keeps rising，some animals and plants will disappear from the planet, thus destroying the ecosystem.
Facing such a threat, we should join efforts to “cool” the earth.We can take the subway or bus to work instead of driving private cars to reduce greenhouse gases.All in all, we are supposed to remember it's our responsibility to save our earth.
课件50张PPT。Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writingit的用法(Ⅱ)第一板块单元语法It was who It is that
thatthatwasthatthatthatthatwhich/thatthatwherethatitis
whatthatso→thatwhere→thatbecause后加of第二个is→amher→sheI→mespeaking后加todid→that It is any student who is interested that
It is the experience that
It was with my special care thatIt was my mother that
It is in our country that
It was not until then that环境问题第二板块单元写作topic
speech
convenience
solution
environmentally-friendly
beneficialwith the development of
as is known to all
as far as I'm concerned
only in this way can wewith the improvement of has brought environmentally-friendly give off is a good way is beneficial to word部分： 请做： 课时作业
练速度 练能力 练规范点此进入该word板块课件34张PPT。单元要点归纳提升tend to do sth.
tend towards...
tend(to)tend to think tendency look after, take care of, keep an eye on, attend toa range of
within/in range(of sth.)
out of range(of sth.)从A到B范围内变化
在A和B范围之间变化on average
above/below average
Onan average of advocate(doing)sth. reducing should be reduced It is advocated that...should do... under/in...circumstances
under/in no circumstancesunder/in any circumstances Under/In no circumstances can you go out.make contributions/a contribution to (doing) sth.contribute...to... contribute to How did it come about that...？ happen, take place, break out, occur across
to
out
backabout on
up
with
intoareis a small quantity ofin quantityhas gone up by against
ahead
down
forover
through
withoutin fromas a result ofresult in，lead to，bring about，contribute to，causeHe died as a result of serious injuries.
Serious injuries resulted in his death.
His death resulted from serious injuries.changingis opposed to oppose (doing) sth.，be opposed to (doing) sth.，object to (doing) sth.，be against (doing) sth. subscribe to (doing) sth.，agree to (do) sth.，be for sth.，be in favour of sth.even if I have to walkEven if you take a taxi，you'll still miss your train.even if On behalf ofon his behalfto put up with people put up with the noise put up with away
forward
on
up
down
off
outso/as long as if，unless，on condition that，suppose / supposing (that)，providing / provided that，given(that)，only ifso/as long as There is no doubt that one day a cure for cancer will be found.I don't doubt that...I doubt whether / if...I doubt whether / if...It wasIt was I that/who met Jordan at the airport yesterday.It was Jordan that/who I met at the airport yesterday.It was at the airport that I met Jordan yesterday.It was yesterday that I met Jordan at the airport.where→thatso→thatThat→Ithome后加thatwhy→thatwhich→thatis后加that第二个is→arethat→sinceit后加was单元质量评估检测卷(四)
(时间：120分钟 满分：150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What is the total cost for the two tickets?
A．$18.
B．$27.
C．$36.
2．How long was the woman away?
A．Five days.
B．Seven days.
C．Ten days.
3．Where does the conversation take place?
A．In a shop.
B．In a hospital.
C．In a restaurant.
4．What did the woman do last night?
A．She watched a match.
B．She had a talk with her relative.
C．She did her work in her study.
5．How does John feel?
A．Worried.
B．Excited.
C．Puzzled.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where does the conversation take place?
A．In the bank.
B．In the street.
C．At the police station.
7．What will the woman do first?
A．Attend the meeting.
B．Go to the airport.
C．Pay for the mistake.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What did the woman dislike in Italy?
A．The food.
B．The weather.
C．The traffic.
9．How many photos did the woman talk about?
A．Two.
B．Three.
C．Four.
10．Which did NOT the woman mention?
A．Museums.
B．Beaches.
C．Old buildings.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．How does the man feel?
A．Very tired.
B．Very hungry.
C．Very thirsty.
12．Who is the woman?
A．The man's wife.
B．A waitress.
C．The man's friend.
13．What does NOT the man want?
A．A ham sandwich.
B．A glass of iced tea.
C．Some vegetable soup.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．Why is the man going to make a suit?
A．To look for a job.
B．To attend a wedding.
C．To visit his parents.
15．What color does the man prefer?
A．Brown.
B．Black.
C．Blue.
16．What does the woman think of black suits?
A．Boring.
B．Fashionable.
C．Simple.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What do we know about fennec foxes?
A．They are very heavy.
B．They live in the forests.
C．They have large ears.
18．What do fennec foxes use as a blanket?
A．Their fur.
B．Their tails.
C．Their feet.
19．What do fennec foxes eat?
A．Only meat.
B．Only plants.
C．Meat and plants.
20．How many babies do fennec foxes have at a time?
A．One to five.
B．Five to ten.
C．Ten to twelve.
录音材料：
Text 1
M: How much does it cost if my daughter and I want to see the circus show?
W: ①Eighteen dollars for you and half for your daughter since she is a primary student.
Text 2
M: Where will you and Robert go for your holidays?
W: ②We'll spend three days in Spain, five days in France, and two days in London.
Text 3
W: I'm not feeling very well. But I don't know why.
M: It's nothing serious. ③You'll get it over as long as you keep on taking this medicine.
Text 4
M: Did you see the final match of PL last night?
W: Well, I meant to, ④but a relative of mine came to see me. We had a long talk in my study.
Text 5
W: Hey, ⑤John, you look down. What's on your mind?
M: The final match. I'm not fully prepared yet.
W: Well, ⑤don't worry too much. You still have a week.
Text 6
M: Excuse me, madam!
W: What's the matter, sir?
M: ⑥You are traveling at 130 miles per hour.You know anyone doing this will be punished.
W: ⑥Was I driving too fast, officer? But I have to attend an important meeting. ⑥There are so many jams when I drive into the city center.
M: No, madam. You are flying too slowly. But there is no excuse. You must pay for the mistake as soon as possible or your driving license will be held back.
W: Sure, I will. And I will go to the nearest bank to hand in the money ⑦as soon as the meeting is over, OK?
Text 7
W: Peter, do you want to see the photos of my holiday in Italy?
M: Sure, what was your holiday like?
W: Ah, it was great! The weather was great! The food was great! ⑧But the traffic was terrible!
M: Why was it so bad?
W: Those Italians were crazy drivers! I don't want to think about it!
M: OK, OK. Let's return to the good parts.
W: Yes, so ⑨here's a photo of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. It was raining that day, but it was still wonderful. We climbed to the top!
M: And what's this?
W: ⑨That's a photo of the Amo River. That's the “Ponte Vecchio”， the old bridge.
M: It's beautiful.
W: Yes, it is. ⑩There are beautiful old buildings in the city, and lots of wonderful museums.
M: That's nice.
Text 8
W: ?May I show you to a table, please?
M: Yes, please. I want a table in the corner today. ?I feel quite tired. And I'm not very hungry.
W: Perhaps a sandwich and some soup?
M: ?That's a good idea. Please bring me the menu.
W: Of course, here it is.
M: The ham sandwich looks good.
W: Yes. Would you like tomato on your sandwich?
M: Please. And a little butter, too.
W: A ham sandwich with tomato and butter. Would you like something else?
M: Yes, a glass of iced tea.
W: ?Our soup of the day is vegetable soup. Would you like to try it?
M: ?No, thanks. That's enough.
W: OK. Please wait a minute.
Text 9
M: Can you help me pick out some cloth for a suit? ?I'm going to get one made for a friend's wedding.
W: Sure. What kind of material do you want?
M: I was thinking of getting a wool one.
W: That will be quite expensive, but the more you pay for the cloth, the longer it'll last and the better it'll look. What color do you prefer?
M: ?I was thinking of a brown suit.
W: Brown, huh? Isn't that a bit dull?
M: Haven't you heard that brown is the new black?
W: Why don't you just get black? ?Black suits are always fashionable and can be worn for anything!
M: That may be true, but black is so boring. Anyway, I already have three black suits. Besides, I want a pattern that's a bit simple, like this one.
W: All right. Let's go and talk to the tailor about that.
M: OK, let's go.
Text 10
?In the deserts of North Africa live the smallest of all foxes with the largest ears. This animal is the fennec fox. Fennec foxes are less than four pounds, but their ears are 5 to 6 inches long. Their ears help decrease body heat, and provide great hearing.
Fennec foxes have thick fur. It keeps them warm during those cold desert nights. ?They also have long bushy tails that they use as a blanket. And the hair on their feet protects them from the hot sand in the daytime.
Fennec foxes spend most of the day sleeping in their caves. When night comes, they come out in search of food.
Like other foxes, ?fennecs eat both meat and plants. They like eating birds, eggs, insects, snails, fruit and leaves best.
?Fennec fox mothers have one to five babies at a time. The lifespan of a fennec fox is 10 to 12 years. The cream color of fennec foxes help them blend into their desert habitat. Humans catch them for their fur and to sell as pets.
参考答案：
1．B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项。
A
Anyone who's ever been a maid of honor (伴娘) knows that weddings can make people feel extremely tired.But for one flower girl，even the thought of making her way down the aisle (过道)wore her out.Six-month-old Rugbie played a flower girl role for her aunt's wedding，but when it came time for her to make her way down the aisle，sleepiness overcame her.Her father，Joe Morman，posted a photo online of his baby girl making her way down the aisle fast asleep，falling back in the wedding wagon (小推车)pulled by her mom.“My daughter was supposed to be a flower girl in her aunt's wedding，but napping is life，” said Morman.
“About 20 minutes before the wedding she was getting tired，so I was holding her and singing to her so she would go to sleep and get a quick little power nap in before the wedding，” Morman explained.“But when it came time for the wedding，she wouldn't wake up for anything.She would open her eyes and look around then pass right back out.” We know that feeling.
But of course，the wedding must go on.Rugbie's mom，Lizzie，continued as planned，pulling her lovely daughter down the aisle in the wagon.“As soon as the wagon got to the end of the aisle and I picked her up，she opened her eyes and was ready to go，” the dad recalls.Luckily，the bride and groom thought it was funny.Plus，the bride was happy to share the public attention.
Everyone else thought it was interesting，obviously.The little girl's deep sleep actually surprised her parents.“She has never done that before and she is usually not hard to wake up at all，” Morman says.Well，now they know for next time.And while Rugbie was unable to throw the flower petals (花瓣)，we have a feeling that this cute girl will get herself another place in future family weddings.
【解题导语】 一个六个月大的小女孩本该在她姑姑的婚礼上做花童扔花瓣，却在中途睡着了；她非但没因这一幕受到责备，反而赢得了大家的喜爱。
21．From the text，we know that Rugbie ________.
A．suffers from a sleep disorder
B．was upset to be a maid of honor
C．was made a flower girl
D．thought attending a wedding was boring
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容“Six-month-old Rugbie played a flower girl role for her aunt's wedding...”可知六个月大的Rugbie在她姑姑的婚礼上做花童。C项正确。
22．What happened during the wedding?
A．Rugbie fell asleep on her way down the aisle.
B．Joe Morman posted his daughter's video online.
C．The wagon pulled by a woman turned over.
D．Lizzie sang a song to the bride during the wedding.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段的“...when it came time for her to make her way down the aisle，sleepiness overcame her”可知A项正确。
23．The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to“________”．
A．the bride's attitude
B．the little girl
C．the girl's sleeping
D．the wedding
解析：选C 代词指代题。根据最后一段代词所在句子的意思：很显然大家都认为这很有趣。然而这个小女孩的沉睡实际上让她的父母感到很惊讶。所以“it”在此指代的是“小女孩睡着这件事”，故选C。
24．What does the author intend to indicate by the last sentence?
A．Rugbie didn't do well as a flower girl.
B．Rugbie didn't want to throw the flower petals.
C．Rugbie needs another role in the next wedding.
D．Rugbie has become popular with many people.
解析：选D 推理判断题。末段最后一句话的意思为：虽然Rugbie没能扔花瓣，但我们觉得这个可爱的女孩会在未来的家庭婚礼中还会有其他的任务交给她。作者在此说这句话的意思不是指Rugbie的花童角色做得不好，也没有指向Rugbie扔花瓣的个人意愿，也不是说她需要在婚礼中担任其他的角色；而是暗指Rugbie赢得了很多人的喜爱，以至于在未来的婚礼中，大家还是愿意让Rugbie来参与其中。故D项最符合作者的意图。
B
Book towns started with Hay-on-Wye in the UK; now there are communities around the world that celebrate the written word.
Biblo To yen，Oslo
This children-only library is aimed at 10 to 15 year-olds.Adults are not allowed in and must wait outside for their children to come out.The library is run along normal lines，with library cards for borrowing books，and is particularly well suited to children after the school day is over.
After consulting young readers in focus groups，the designers have put a truck with a functional kitchen in the back (the library also runs activities including cookery courses) and a reading sofa.Books are arranged by themes，which means no book has a fixed location.At night，a drone (无人机) flies around the library to scan and update the books' positions.
Bellprat，Catalonia，Spain
In many ways，this small village is the ideal book town.It is in a beautiful rural setting in Catalonia's Anoia region，yet only 90km from Barcelona.It has an attractive centre and its population is enthusiastic about throwing open its doors to book-loving visitors.Bellprat is also the first book town in Catalonia.
During the town's main festival—on the first weekend in June—several village houses are temporarily turned into secondhand bookshops，as there are not enough stalls (摊位)in the market.The books on sale are mainly in the Catalan language，however.As well as promoting the village，the book town label is used for good causes: at a recent festival，there was an activity in which books could be exchanged in return for donations to a food bank.Other book-based events range from meetings and readings to events run by independent publishers.
This is very much a community-run book town.From simple beginnings in 2008，it now offers visitors more than 20,000 books for sale.This is impressive，given that the population of the village is under 100.
【解题导语】 书镇源自英国，现在已遍及世界各地，它们以拥有各式各类的书籍而出名。本文简略地介绍了两个书镇。
25．What may people see if they are in the library in Biblo To yen?
A．Adults are picking up books for their children.
B．Parents are drinking coffee while their children are reading.
C．All of the books are in fixed locations.
D．A drone is working there at night.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据Biblo To yen ，Oslo部分的介绍“At night，a drone(无人机)flies around the library to scan and update the books' positions.”可知，晚上有无人机在这个图书馆扫描和更新书的位置，所以D项正确。
26．What do we know about Bellprat?
A．It is the first book town in Spain.
B．People there are very friendly towards book lovers.
C．It is an ideal village far from Barcelona.
D．It came into existence in 2008 with a large population.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据Bellprat，Catalonia，Spain部分的描述“...its population is enthusiastic about throwing open its doors to book-loving visitors.”可推知该地的居民对爱书的旅客很友好。
27．What do people usually do during the main festival in Bellprat?
A．Visit as many secondhand bookshops as possible.
B．Sell and buy books in the market.
C．Exchange books for food to eat.
D．Hold meetings among publishers.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据文中的“During the town's main festival—on the first weekend in June— several village houses are temporarily turned into secondhand bookshops...The books on sale...”可知B项正确。
C
The scene in the Hollywood movie The Day After Tomorrow，where global warming could soon turn the global climate (气候) into a new ice age，may never occur，according to a new research.
The next ice age could be 15,000 years away，said European scientists who last month announced a continuous record of 740,000 years of climate data (数据) obtained from the Antarctic ice.
Scientists from 10 nations have now almost completely drilled through a 3,000-meter depth of ice high in the Antarctic mainland.They figure out that the area where summer temperatures can fall to －40 ℃ ，has at least 900,000 years of snowfalls，kept as neatly as the growth rings of a tree.And the ice and air caught in each layer (层) have begun to answer questions about the climate in the past.
The results show that there have been eight ice ages in the past 740,000 years and eight warmer periods.And by comparing the pattern of global conditions today with those of the past，the researchers reported in Nature that the present warm period could last another 15,000 years.
Research suggests that there is a very close connection between greenhouse gas levels and global average temperatures.It also shows that carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) levels are the highest for at least 440,000 years.
“If people say to you：the greenhouse effect is a good thing because we would go into an ice age otherwise，our data say no，a new ice age is not hanging over our heads，” said Eric Wolff from the British Antarctic Survey.“Now we have eight examples of how the climate goes in and out of ice ages...and you can learn what the rules are that go into the climate models that tell us about the future.”
Scientists found that whenever temperatures rose in the frozen record，so did carbon dioxide level.“In 440,000 years we have never seen such greenhouse gas get as thick as it is today，”said Dr Wolff.
【解题导语】 全文讲述了目前的温暖时期将会持续15 000年。
28.In drilling through the ice in Antarctica，scientists have found that________.
A．the lowest temperature there is －40 ℃
B．the depth of ice is 3,000 meters
C．the ice has existed for 15,000 years
D．snowfalls are kept in certain patterns
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第三段第二句话“...has at least 900,000 years of snowfalls，kept as neatly as the growth rings of a tree.”可知D项正确。
29.The information of the global climate conditions in the past can be obtained through________.
A．separating carbon dioxide from the air
B．examining the growth rings of trees
C．comparing different temperatures in different areas
D．studying the ice and air caught in each layer
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话可知，每一层地层中所含的空气和冰含有关于过去的气候信息，故D项正确。
30．We can infer from Eric Wolff's words that ________.
A．there is something wrong with the data
B．greenhouse effect is always a bad thing
C．a new ice age will not come in the near future
D．greenhouse gas will get thick in the future
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第六段首句Eric Wolff的话“... a new ice age is not hanging over our heads”可推知，在不久的将来，新的冰河时代不会出现，故C项正确。
31．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Research over the Antarctic Area
B．Warm Period to Last about 15,000 Years
C．Report on the Eight Ice Ages in the Past
D．Hollywood Movies and the Global Climate
解析：选B 主旨大意题。全文讲述了目前的温暖时期将会持续15 000年，所以文章的最佳标题应该是B项。
D
Scientists have found an unusual way to keep our planet from overheating.All you have to do is to throw a few comets (彗星) at Earth，and its orbit will be changed.Our world will then be sent to a safer，colder part of the solar system.
This idea of improving our climate is the result of a group of American astronomers and engineers who say their plan could add another six billion years to the useful lifetime of our planet，effectively doubling its working life.
The plan put forward by Dr.Laughlin，and his colleagues Don Korycansky and Fred Adams，involves carefully directing a comet so that it comes close to our planet and passes on some of its gravitational energy to Earth.
Engineers would then direct their comet so that it passed close to Jupiter or Saturn.It would pick up energy from one of these giant planets.Later its orbit would bring it back to Earth ，and the process would be repeated.
In the short term，the plan provides an ideal solution to global warming，although the team was actually concerned with a much bigger danger.The sun is sure to heat up in about a billion years which will destroy our biosphere (生物圈)—by burning us up.
The plan has one or two worrying aspects，however.For a start，space engineers would have to be very careful about how they directed their comet towards Earth.The slightest miscalculation (误算) in orbit could fire it straight at Earth—with frightful results.
There is also a question of the moon，as the current issue of Scientific American points out.If Earth was pushed out of its current position it is most likely that the moon would be stripped away from Earth.
【解题导语】 科学家们发现的防止地球过热的方法是“向地球发射彗星，让其改变地球的运行轨道，从而把地球拖到太阳系一个更安全、更凉爽的地方”。
32．The way scientists have found to prevent global warming is to ________.
A．change the Earth's moving direction
B．move the Earth to a cooler part of the space
C．reduce the amount of greenhouse gases
D．put the Earth close to comets
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第一段第二、三句话可知科学家们发现的防止地球过热的方法是“向地球发射彗星，让其改变地球的运行轨道，从而把地球拖到太阳系一个更安全、更凉爽的地方”，故B项正确。
33．If the idea were successful，________.
A．the Earth would last much longer
B．we would never worry about global warming
C．people would double their working life
D．the Earth's energy would be greater than ever
解析：选A 细节理解题。由第二段可知A项正确。
34．Engineers would make the comet pass close to Jupiter or Saturn to ________.
A．bring it back to the Earth
B．make way for our planet to pass
C．pick up its energy
D．make the Earth cooler
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第四段第二句话可知C项正确。
35．What can we learn from the passage?
A．The plan is an ideal solution to global warming.
B．There is little difficulty to carry out the plan.
C．There is not any risk to put the idea into reality.
D．It is not easy to carry out the plan without risks.
解析：选D 推理判断题。由文章后两段可知，从短期来看这个计划是理想的，但存在令人担忧的问题，毫无风险地实施起来并不容易。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Online courses can be a great way to learn.From my experience，there are several steps you can take to make sure you succeed in an online course.Obviously，making sure that you have regular opportunities to work online for hours at a time is a must.__36__ So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to take responsibility for your success.
Have clear goals.Being self-motivated and having clear goals are important qualities of successful online students.__37__ It is up to you to make sure that you complete the weekly requirements on time.Since there are not regular class meetings，it is up to you to set your own schedule.Make sure that you set a goal of getting all of your work done on time.
Create a productive study space.__38__ Find a study space that works for you.It might be a desk in your home.Try to limit distractions (使人分心的事 )．Don't study in front of the TV or in a room with a lot of other activities going on.
__39__ You may not receive an A on your first assignment，and that is okay.You can learn from the comments that your professor makes on your work.For example，if your instructor tells you to use more specific examples from the course materials，make sure to learn from that advice in your next assignment.
Edit carefully.__40__ This obviously applies to papers and assignments.You should edit，read out loud，and use spell check and grammar check.You should also proofread your discussion posts.Remember that these posts are graded，too.
A．Learn from feedback (反馈意见)．
B．Write good discussion posts.
C．Communicate with your instructor.
D．You must be able to work independently.
E．Having a place where you can concentrate is important to your success.
F．Be sure to look over everything that you submit in an online course.
G．Effective communication in online class is a topic I'll save for another day.
【解题导语】 网络学习是学习的极好途径。从“我”的经验来看，确保有充足的时间是网络学习的首要条件。网络课堂中的有效沟通也很重要。网络学习者也应该采取切实可行的做法来确保网上学习有效。
36．解析：选G 空前谈到网上学习的一个显而易见的条件，空后一句谈及文中主要话题，故选G项。
37．解析：选D 根据空后的“It is up to you to make sure that you complete the weekly requirements on time.”可知，参加网络课程的人需要独立学习，这也与空前一句中的关键词“Being self-motivated”相呼应。
38．解析：选E 空后的“Find a study space that works for you.It might be a desk in your home.”可知，该段谈及学习环境，故选E项，E项与该段落主题句“Create a productive study space.”相呼应。
39．解析：选A 根据该段中的“You may not receive an A on your first assignment，and that is okay.You can learn from the comments...”可知，该段谈及的是网络学习后有关作业的反馈问题。故选A项。
40．解析：选F 根据该段中的“You should edit，read out loud，and use spell check and grammar check.You should also proofread your discussion posts.”可知，此处选F项，该选项内容也呼应了段落主题句“Edit carefully.”。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I curiously watched my grandmother open the yellow paper packet with care.When she __41__ the knots(结)，some seeds fell into her hands.These were all that __42__ her of the life she had left behind in Shandong Province of China.As she packed her __43__ to leave，she had put these seeds into her silk shirt，hoping to grow them in __44__ soil.
In America，__45__，the first place we lived in was a flat on a busy street.Five years had passed and it seemed as if she would never be __46__ to plant the seeds.Still，she kept them __47__.
When I was six，my __48__ moved to the house with a patch of dirt.There my grandmother took out her packet of seeds and __49__ them.
Each day I would __50__ home from school to the dirt patch and look for the vegetables we had planted.“Chinese cucumbers，” my grandmother said.I wondered how they would __51__ from American cucumbers but didn't ask what I feared might be a __52__ question.
At first there was nothing，and I thought that it had been too __53__ for the seeds and the life in them had __54__，or maybe Chinese cucumbers couldn't grow in American soil.
Then one day there was a sprout (新芽)，then two，and then four.My grandmother smiled，as a mother who believes in her son smiles when he __55__.When the last of the yellow flowers __56__，little cucumbers started appearing.Crisp (脆的)and tender，I have never had a vegetable so __57__.
I believed it was the magic __58__ of the cucumber seeds that made them grow.Even 8,000 miles away from home，they bloomed (开花)with such __59__.I made up my mind to be like the Chinese cucumbers.No matter how far __60__ takes me from home，I will welcome the world around me and grow on foreign soil.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。祖母从中国带来了黄瓜种子，最后在异国他乡开花结果了，作者心生感慨说无论离家多远，也要在异乡生活下去。
41．A.threw B．untied
C．caught D．carried
解析：选B 根据下文的“some seeds fell into her hands”可知，此处应为祖母“解开”包裹，故选B项。untie意为“解开”。
42．A.suspected B．cured
C．reminded D．warned
解析：选C 根据空后的“her of the life she had left behind in Shandong Province of China”可知，此处应选C项。remind sb.of sth.“使某人想起某事”，为固定搭配，故选C项。
43．A.possessions B．seeds
C．clothes D．money
解析：选A 根据上下文内容和语境可知，此处应选A项。possession指所有的东西，不单单是钱或者是衣物。
44．A.hard B．rich
C．foreign D．poor
解析：选C 根据下文中的“grow on foreign soil”可知，选C。
45．A.however B．therefore
C．thus D．though
解析：选A 根据上文中的“hoping to grow them in __44__ soil”和下文中的“she would never be __46__ to plant the seeds”可知，这里是转折关系，故用however。
46．A.satisfied B．able
C．eager D．willing
解析：选B 这里是说祖母不能种这些黄瓜种子了。be able to“能够”，为固定短语。
47．A.active B．warm
C．awake D．safe
解析：选D 根据语境及下文中的“took out her packet of seeds”可知，此处safe符合语境。
48．A.family B．grandmother
C．father D．school
解析：选A 根据空后的“moved to the house with a patch of dirt”可知，此处指我们家搬到了另一个地方，故选A。
49．A.packed B．restored
C．destroyed D．planted
解析：选D 根据语境可知，此处表示拿出种子并种下，故选D。
50．A.get B．reach
C．arrive D．rush
解析：选D 根据语境和下文中的“look for the vegetables”可知，此处表示作者心情急迫，故选D。
51．A.differ B．tell
C．benefit D．suffer
解析：选A 这里指“我”想知道中国黄瓜和美国黄瓜有什么不同。differ from意为“不同于”，为固定短语。
52．A.wrong B．silly
C．funny D．lovely
解析：选B 根据语境可知，此处应选B。
53．A.old B．long
C．short D．strange
解析：选B 根据空前的“At first there was nothing”可知“一开始，地上什么都没长，”作者便认为是“黄瓜种子放的太久(long)了，所以种子的生命力已经没有了(die)”，故选B。
54．A.missed B．died
C．struggled D．disappeared
解析：选B 参考上题解析，并且根据下文中的“maybe Chinese cucumbers couldn't grow in American soil”可知，此处应选B。
55．A.appears B．recovers
C．succeeds D．loses
解析：选C 这里指祖母看着种子发芽生长，就像一个母亲看着儿子成功(succeeds)了在微笑一样。
56．A.took over B．fell over
C．fell off D．took off
解析：选C 根据下文中的“little cucumbers started appearing”可知，此处应选C。fall off意为“落下”。
57．A.attractive B．interesting
C．beautiful D．delicious
解析：选D 根据语境和上文中的“Crisp(脆的)and tender”可知，这里指这些黄瓜比以前的都要好吃。
58．A.strength B．force
C．energy D．power
解析：选D 这里指“我”认为是种子里的神奇力量使种子在异国他乡生根发芽了。power意为“力量”。
59．A.effort B．meaning
C．determination D．wisdom
解析：选C 这里是比喻意义，指种子有决心在这里开花了。
60．A.life B．health
C．wealth D．luck
解析：选A 根据语境可知，此处为作者的感慨，无论生活(life)把“我”带到哪里，“我”都会在那里生根发芽。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I finally decided 61.________(attend) a blossom show in Century Park.It 62.________(forecast) that there would be showers，but it still didn't hold me back.
In the garden,63.________(stare) around me，I felt disappointed.Spring had come，but why couldn't I see any sense of spring? In 64.________ park，few flowers and trees had come out; I wondered if spring was sleeping and grass and flowers were still having dreams.
However，the tourists were still in high 65.________(spirit) and were enjoying this silent afternoon.I saw three-member families or families of three generations setting up tents 66.________(happy)，with children playing with 67.________(color) balloons.And babies sat in the buggy (婴儿车)68.________their angel eyes watching this world.People were having fun together，though it was still rainy and cold.
Happiness is so simple.The reason 69.________ happiness seems to evade (未发生在身上) millions of people 70.________(be) that they are ignoring the little happiness around.
【解题导语】 “我”决定到Century Park赏花，但让“我”失望的是尽管春天已经到来，“我”却看不到春意盎然的景象。不过，人们还是热情高涨，这让“我”想到只要我们不忽略身边的小幸福，幸福将是那么简单。
61．解析：考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”，为固定用法。
答案：to attend
62．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。此处意为“据预报将有阵雨”。“It is/was forecast that...”是固定句型，且根据上下文的时态可知应填was forecast。
答案：was forecast
63．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作状语，且stare与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故使用动词-ing形式。
答案：staring
64．解析：考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的Century Park，故填the。
答案：the
65．解析：考查名词复数。in high spirits是固定表达，表示“兴高采烈”。
答案：spirits
66．解析：考查副词。空处在句中作状语，修饰动词短语，故用副词。
答案：happily
67．解析：考查形容词。此处需要形容词修饰名词，故填colorful。
答案：colorful
68．解析：考查介词。此处是with复合结构，故填with。
答案：with
69．解析：考查连词。空处引导定语从句，指代先行词reason，并在定语从句中作原因状语，故使用why引导。
答案：why
70．解析：考查主谓一致。主语为The reason，为单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
答案：is
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear David，
How are everything going? My friends and I had decided to go on a adventure trip to Hainan Island during the summer holiday.I'm writing to tell you about your travel plan.We'll be traveling around Hainan Island from July 15 to 21.While we are here we will go hiking，climb the mountains，swim near the beach or have a campfire party.Weather permitted，we also plan to go diving.I'd like you to join in us if possible.I'm sure we will have a lot of funs being together.
Please remember pack your bathing suit and take your suncream.
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear David，
How everything going? My friends and I decided to go on adventure trip to Hainan Island during the summer holiday.I'm writing to tell you about travel plan.We'll be traveling around Hainan Island from July 15 to 21.While we are we will go hiking，climb the mountains，swim near the beach have a campfire party.Weather ，we also plan to go diving.I'd like you to join us if possible.I'm sure we will have a lot of being together.
Please remember pack your bathing suit and take your suncream.
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
你班本周班会主题：你认为目前什么环境问题最严重？请你根据班会上的讨论内容写一篇文章发表在你校网站上。文章的首句已给出，词数：100左右。
最严重问题：全球变暖；
原因：汽车尾气、工业排放的废气、森林破坏等；
后果：气温升高，雨水增多，海平面升高，陆地被淹没，影响动植物等；
解决办法：鼓励人们使用自行车，净化空气，多种植树木等。
The Most Serious Environmental
Problem—Global Warming
There are many big environmental problems on the earth today，but I think the most serious one is ________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
One possible version：
The Most Serious Environmental
Problem—Global Warming
There_are_many_big_environmental_problems_on_the_earth_today，but_I_think_the_most_serious_one_is global warming.Global warming means an average increase in the earth's temperature.It is caused by gases from cars，waste gases from factories，destruction of forests and so on.Global warming will cause changes in climate.A warmer earth may lead to more rain and the rising of the sea level.In this case，some land will be flooded and it will also have a bad influence on both human beings and wildlife.
So，how to solve the problem of global warming is really urgent for human beings.What can we do? First of all，people should be educated to raise the awareness of environmental protection.Also，we should call for people to take action and encourage people to use bicycles instead of cars and clean poisonous gases before they come out of factories.Besides，we should plant more trees.If we try our best to take better care of the earth，we will make our world a better place.
