外研社八年级英语下册 Module 3 Journey to space重点知识、语法练习（有答案）

Module 3 Journey to space

重点单词和短语
earth [?:θ] 地球 astronaut [??str?n?:t] 宇航员
moon ?[mu?n] ? 月亮；月球 space travel [spe?s] [?tr?vl] 航天旅行
news [nju:z] 新闻；消息 none [n?n] 没有一个人
reach [ri:t?] 到达；抵达 environment [?n'va?r?nm?nt] 环境
planet ['pl?n?t] 行星 that [??t] 那；那个（前面已提及的事物）
yet [jet] 还，尚（表示某事尚未发生，但未来也许可能发生） solar ['s??l?(r)] 太阳的；与太阳有关的
just [d??st] 刚才；刚刚 system ['s?st?m] 系统；体系
model ['m?dl] 模型 solar system 星系；（尢指）太阳系
spaceship (?http:?/??/?tts.baidu.com?/?text2audio?lan=uk&pid=101&ie=UTF-8&text=spaceship&spd=2?)[?spe?s??p] (?http:?/??/?tts.baidu.com?/?text2audio?lan=uk&pid=101&ie=UTF-8&text=spaceship&spd=2?) 航天器；宇宙飞船 group [ɡru:p] 群；组
project [pr??d?ekt] 计划；工程；项目 galaxy ['ɡ?l?ks?] 星系
no problem [?pr?bl?m] 没问题（表示乐于做某事） universe [?ju:n?v?:s] 宇宙
latest [?le?t?st] 最近的；最新的 Light [la?t] 光线；光亮
on [?n] 在（播放）中；关于… impossible [?m?p?s?bl] （事情）办不到的，不可能的
discover [d?'sk?v?(r)] 发现；找到 out [a?t] 在远方
Communicate [k?'mju:n?ke?t] 联系；交流






二.语法回顾
现在完成时(二)
现在完成时一般常与already，yet，just，ever，never连用。它们的用法见下表：



【注意】have/has been to和have/has gone to后接表示地点的副词there，here等时，介词to要去掉。eg：
She has never been here before. 她以前从没有来过这儿。
David has gone there. 大卫已经去那儿了。


三.重难点突破
1. What are you up to? 你在忙什么？
be up to 忙于……，从事于……，正在做……
up to 用于非正式场合, 表示 “正在干, 从事着”。
The children are very quiet. I wonder what they are up to.
孩子们很安静。我想知道他们又在搞什么鬼。

2. Has it arrived yet? 它已到达了吗？
arrive, get与reach三者都有“到达”之意。
① arrive是不及物动词，其后必须加介词才能跟宾语。arrive in后接表示洲、国家、城市等大地方的名词。而arrive at后接表示车站、学校、邮局等较小地方的名词；
When does the train arrive in London? 火车什么时候到达伦敦？

② get也是个不及物动词，其后加介词to,再接地点名词；
What time does the plane get to New York? 这架飞机几点到达纽约？

③ reach是及物动词，其后可直接接名词或代词作宾语。
They reach school at 7 o’clock in the morning. 他们早上7点到校。

3. The journey has taken several months. 旅途花了几个月的时间。
句型: It takes sb. some time to do sth. 意为“某人花（多少）时间做某事”，其中it是形式主语，动词不定式to do sth.是真正的主语；常与句型sb. spend…(in) doing sth.互换。
It took us an hour to send this email. = We spent an hour sending this email.
我们花了一个小时发这个电子邮件。

4. So have they discovered life on Mars? 那么他们在火星上发现生命了吗？
invent, find与discover的区别：
①invent意为“发明”，指经过认识和实践创造出前所未有的事物；
②find意为“发现，找到”，指对某种事物的寻求，也指找到（丢失的事物）；
③discover表示“偶然或经过努力发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误” 。

5. Lots of scientists are working hard in order to send astronauts to Mars one day.
许多科学家正努力工作，目的是有一天能把宇航员送到火星去。
in order to意为“目的是”，后面接动词原形，相当于so…that引导的目的状语从句。
He got up early in order to catch the first train.

1. However, we have not found life on any other planets yet.
但是，我们在其他星球上还没有发现生命。
the other (s)与other (s)的区别：
(1) the other与other后可加名词; the others与others后不加名词；
(2) the other (s)表示一定范围内除去一部分以外后其余的全体；other (s)表示除去一部分以后的（一些），但不是剩下的全体。
One flower is red, the other (one) is white. 一朵花是红的，另一朵 (花) 是白的。
Give me some other apples/others, please! 请另给我一些（苹果）吧！

2. None of them has an environment like that of the earth.它们中没有一个有像地球这样环境。
no one与none的区别：
(1) no one同义词为 nobody, 只用于指人，其后不跟of短语，作主语时谓语用单数，no one 只能回答以who开头的问句；
(2) none用于表示对三者或三者以上全部否定，既可指人，也可指物。
作主语时，谓语可以是单数，也可以是复数; none的反义词是all, none可与of连用; 可以用来回答How many 或 How much开头的问句。
None of us are/is interested in the story.我们没有人对那个故事感兴趣。
—Who are you speaking to?——你在跟谁讲话？
—No one. ——没人。
—How many students are there in the room?——房间里有多少个学生?
—None.——一个也没有。

3. With so many stars in the universe, are we alone？宇宙中这么多的恒星，我们是唯一的吗？
alone与lonely的区别：
(1) alone既可作形容词，又可作副词,意为“单独的/地，独自的/地”，没有感彩。
(2) lonely只作为形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的”，具有感彩。
He lived alone after his wife left，so he was very lonely .
他妻子离开后，他一个人生活，所以他很孤独。

四、练兵场
一、根据句意及汉语提示写单词。
1．Not all of the ________(行星) go around the sun.
2．On Mid?-Autumn Festival，my family always watch the ________(月亮) together at night.
3．The stupid(傻的)thief only took some of the______(模型) of the mobile phones from the shop.
4．I hope to fly to space by________(宇宙飞船) like Yang Liwei one day.
5．The________(地球) is our mother. We must look after it well.
6．It's our duty to protect our____________ (环境) well.
7．No one knows exactly how large the________(宇宙) is.
8．You should___________ (交流) with your parents more often.
9．How many________ (组) are there in your class?
10．The________(系统) can translate English into Chinese.
答案：1. planets 2. moon 3. models 4. spaceship 5. earth

二、根据句意用方框中单词的适当形式填空。
communicate，discover，borrow，astronaut，doubt

11．We don't like Peter because he often ________ things from us and never returns.
12．There is no ________ that learning English well is very important.
13．It's nice ______________ with you and I hope to see you next month.
14．Scientists _______________ a lot of lands full of gas and oil in Xinjiang so far.
15．Both of them want to be __________when they grow up.
答案： 1. environment 2. universe 3. communicate 4. groups 5. system

三、根据句意用方框中单词或词组的适当形式填空。
galaxy，planet，solar system，star，universe

16．The earth is one of the ________ of the sun.
17．The sun and its planets are called the_____________.
18．The solar system is a small part of our__________.
19．The sun is one of the ________ of the Milky Way.
20．Scientists have discovered many other galaxies in the________.
答案：16. borrows 17. doubt 18. to communicate 19. have discovered
20. astronauts

四、完形填空。
The earth is a planet. It and seven __1__ planets go around the sun. We __2__ the eight planets and the sun the solar system. The first planet，__3__ the sun，is Mercury(水星)．It is 58 million __4__ from the sun. Venus(金星)is the second planet from the sun，and __5__ planet，the earth，is the third. It is 150 million kilometres from the sun.
Jupiter(木星)，Saturn(土星)，Neptune(海王星)and Uranus(天王星)are all __6__ than the earth，__7__ Venus，Mars and Mercury are smaller than the earth.
Animals，trees and humans can only __8__ on the earth—the other planets in our solar system do not __9__ air or water. Do any planets in other solar systems have __10__？We don't know about it.

1．A. else　　 B．others　　 C．other　　 D．another
2．A. know B．call C．take D．pick
3．A. next to B．before C．out of D．in front of
4．A. years B．hours C．metres D．kilometres
5．A. our B．their C．her D．his
6．A. lighter B．bigger C．shorter D．safer
7．A. but B．or C．till D．so
8．A. knock B．try C．live D．land
9．A. have B．bring C．fill D．join
10．A. planet B．system C．galaxy D．life
答案： 1-5 CBADA 6-10 BACAD





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