Period Five Writing—A news report
新闻是对新近发生的事实的报道。新闻反映新发生的、重要的、有意义的、能引起广泛兴趣的事实，具有迅速、明了、简短的特点。
一、新闻报道写作的语言特点
1．具体。新闻用事实说话，五个W和一个H (when，where，who，what，why和how)是构成一则完整消息不可缺少的要素，这就需要记叙具体的时间、地点、人、事、经过、因果等。
2．准确。新闻语言不能含糊其词、模棱两可，也不能夸大或缩小事实。
3．简练。新闻语言要简明扼要、直截了当。
二、新闻写作的结构
新闻文体的主体结构主要由标题、导语、正文三部分组成。
标题(headline)：标题是文章的眼睛，浓缩概括全文的中心问题，要简洁、生动、具有概括性。
导语(lead or introduction)：导语是新闻的开头，通常为文章的第一段。要求用极简明的文字概括新闻的主要事实。
正文(body)：在导语的基础上，引入更多的与主题相关的事实，使之更加详实、具体，并展开评论，进而得出结论。
1．The accident occurred shortly after the plane took off.
2．Authorities in Northeast China’s Jilin Province have announced a new target for improving the water quality of the Songhua River，one of the most heavily polluted rivers in the country.
3．According to a new survey，Moscow is the world’s most expensive city for the second year in a row.
4．As the summer vacation is coming，many students in Xiamen are planning to go traveling，while other students are going to take training courses for different reasons.
5．With the rapid increase of China’s population，the housing problem is becoming more and more serious.
6．The two countries agreed to reach a final agreement on the travel restrictions.
7.If you are to get to Sydney by five，you must start at once.
请根据下面的信息写一篇80词左右的新闻报道。
四月十二日北京遭遇沙尘暴，当天交通事故比平时多出二十余起，人们开始关注这一灾害性天气。下面为专家得出的结论：
频发时间：3、4月份
危害：交通事故；土壤沙漠化；肺部疾病
直接原因：天气干燥；气温骤变
根本原因：人类活动，如过度用水，有些地方草原退化；人口增长
解决方法：国家应鼓励科学利用资源等
参考词汇：sandstorm沙尘暴；desertification土壤沙漠化
审题
1．确定文体：这是一篇新闻报道，属于应用文，内容是报道发生在北京的沙尘暴，主体部分要写清楚沙尘暴带来的危害以及解决方案。
2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。
3．主体人称：以第三人称为主。
谋篇
第一段：交代沙尘暴发生的时间、地点、过程以及所带来的危害；
第二段：解释原因；
第三段：提出解决办法。
核心词汇
1．由于可怕的沙尘暴owing?to?the?terrible?sandstorm
2．把人们的注意力转向turn?people’s?attention?to
3．对交通安全构成威胁a?threat?to?traffic?safety
4．与土壤沙漠化密切相关be?closely?related?to?desertification
5．导致result?in
连词成句
1．沙尘暴对交通安全构成威胁，因为沙尘暴会让驾驶员的眼睛难以看清楚。(原因状语从句；it充当形式宾语)
Sandstorms are a threat to traffic safety because?they?make?it?difficult?for?drivers?to?see?clearly.
2．在中国北方，沙尘暴经常发生在3月到4月之间。(主谓结构)
Sandstorms?frequently?occur?in?Northern?China?between?March?and?April.
3．更糟糕的是，空气质量差会导致人们患肺癌。
What?is?worse，the bad air quality can cause people to develop lung cancer.
4．沙尘暴会造成空气质量差。
Sandstorms?can?produce?the?bad?air?quality.
5．人类活动是沙尘暴的罪魁祸首。(responsible)
Human activities are?responsible?for?sandstorms.
6．专家说，中国应该鼓励明智和科学地利用资源。(宾语从句)
Experts say China?should?encourage?wise?and?scientific?use?of?resources.
句式升级
1．用定语从句把1、2句连接起来
Sandstorms，which frequently occur in Northern China between March and April，are a threat to traffic safety because they make it difficult for drivers to see clearly.
2．用过去分词作定语连接3、4句
What?is?worse，the?bad?air?quality?produced?by?sandstorms?can?cause?people?to?develop?lung?cancer.
3．用with复合结构连接5、6句
With?human?activities?being?responsible?for?sandstorms，experts?say?China?should?encourage?wise?
and?scientific?use?of?resources.
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。
参考范文
Hit by Troublesome Sandstorms Again
April 12th—Twenty more traffic accidents than usual happened in Beijing today owing to the terrible sandstorm.This has suddenly turned people’s attention to the causes of such disastrous weather.Sandstorms，which frequently occur in Northern China between March and April，are a threat to traffic safety because they make it difficult for drivers to see clearly.Also，according to scientists，they are closely related to desertification.What is worse，the bad air quality produced by sandstorms can cause people to develop lung cancer.
What are the causes of sandstorms? Dry weather and sudden changes in temperature can result in the widespread dust.However，some scientists believe that the root cause of sandstorms lies in human activities.
With human activities being responsible for sandstorms，experts say China should encourage wise and scientific use of resources.
Period Four Listening and Talking，Reading for Writing，Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
Ⅰ.Judge whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage in Page8.
1．The Mogao Caves were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China’s ancient history.(T)
2．It is over 25 years since the international project started.(F)
3．The Mogao Caves are not as important as before.(F)
4．The Getty Museum is in America.(T)
5．The group hopes to promote wider interest in China’s ancient history，culture and traditions by taking photos of the Mogao Caves.(F)
Ⅱ.Choose the best answer.
1．The researchers and scientists are trying to ????????.
A．increase knowledge and appreciation of China’s ancient cultural heritage
B．dig out China’s ancient cultural heritage
C．protect China’s antiques
D．hold a meeting about how to protect China’s ancient cultural heritage
答案 A
2．What have been finished since the international project started?
A．Nearly 500,000 antique coins have been found.
B．Nearly 500,000 photographs have been produced.
C．Nearly 500,000 mummies(木乃伊) have been dug out.
D．Nearly 500,000 ancient tombs have been protected.
答案 B
3．What is the purpose of this passage?
A．To tell people how to protect the cultural heritage.
B．To show that ancient China is great.
C．To promote culture through digital images.
D．To inform people of the importance of the cultural heritage.
答案 C
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．sheet n．一张(纸)；床单；被单
2．mirror n．镜子
3．roof n．顶部；屋顶
4．dragon n．龙
5．digital adj.数码的；数字显示的
6．cave n．山洞；洞穴
7．throughout prep.各处；遍及；自始至终
8.?opinion n．意见；想法；看法
9．contrast n．对比；对照 vt.对比；对照
10．forever adv.永远；长久地
11．professional adj.专业的；职业的 n．专业人员→profession n．专业；职业；行业
12．forgive v．原谅；宽恕；对不起；请原谅→forgiveness n．宽恕；原谅
13．image n．形象；印象→imagine v．想像→imaginary adj.想像的
14．quality n．质量；品质；素质；特征 adj.优质的；高质量的→quantity n．数量
15．tradition n．传统；传统的信仰或风俗→traditional adj.传统的
16．further adv.更远；进一步→far(原级)→furthest/farthest (最高级)①
17．historic adj.历史上著名(或重要)的；有史时期的→history n．历史
18．quote vt.引用→quotation n．引文；引言
19．comparison n．比较；相比→compare v．比较
20．identify vt.确认；认出；找到→identity n．身份；本身②
掌握规律 巧记单词
①比较级和最高级的不规则变化：many/much→more→most；good/well→better→best；little→less→least；bad/ill→worse→worst
②identity n．身份；本身＋fy→identify vt.确认；认出 如：beautify使美化；simplify 使简化；classify将……分类
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．all?over?the?world在世界各地
2．beg?your?pardon对不起；请再说一遍
3．tell?...from...辨别……和……
4．raise?money募捐
5．end?with以……结束
6．come?up?with提出
7．be?familiar?with对……熟悉
8．speed?up加速
9.?take?care?of照顾
10．fall?into?ruins变成废墟
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．It is said that...据说……
It?is?said?that it’s a mirror that can tell right from wrong！据说这是一面可以分辨是非的镜子！
2．动名词作主语
Appreciating?one’s?own?cultural?heritage is very important for understanding oneself.
欣赏自己国家的文化遗产对于了解自己的国家很重要。
3．make＋宾语＋宾补(名词充当)
This makes?it?an?important?cultural?heritage?site not just for China，but for all people around the world.
这使得它不仅是中国的重要文化遗产，也是全世界人民的重要文化遗产。
4．be＋adj.＋to do sth.?
Every part of the Great Wall is?easy?to?find?and?see.
长城的每一部分都很容易找到、看到。
重点词汇
?forgive v．原谅；宽恕；对不起；请原谅
※forgive sb.?sth.?原谅某人某事
forgive one’s doing sth.?原谅某人做了某事
forgive sb.?for (doing) sth.?原谅某人做了某事
※forgiveness n．宽恕，原谅
(1)Please forgive me if I have left any of your questions unanswered.
如果你的问题我有任何没回答的，请原谅。
(2)Forgive my?interrupting but I really don’t agree with that.
请原谅我打岔，不过我确实不同意那一点。
(3)I shall never forgive myself(I) for failing to help you when you were in danger.我永远不会原谅自己在你处于危险时没有帮助你。
(4)I hope，after today，I can have your forgiveness?(forgive).希望今天之后，我能得到你的原谅。
Nearly 500，000 high-quality digital photographs have been produced since the international project started in 1994.自1994年国际项目启动以来，已经制作了近50万张高质量数码照片。
?quality n．质量；品质；素质；特征 adj.优质的；高质量的
of high quality优质的；素质好的
in quality在质量上
(1)This is how I got involved with my charity work to improve the quality of life for all disabled people.这就是我怎样参与慈善工作，以提高残疾人的生活质量。
(2)This plastic is inferior in quality to glass.
这种塑料的质量比玻璃差。
(3)Our candidate is a man of quality，of status，of caliber.
我们的候选人是个素质好、有身份和有能力的人。
What do you think of the researcher’s opinion in the last paragraph？你认为研究者在最后一段的观点如何？
?opinion n．意见；想法；看法
ask sb.?for opinion征求某人的意见
have a high/low/good/poor opinion of sb.?/sth.?对某人/某事评价高/低/好/坏
in one’s opinion?＝in the opinion of sb.??在某人看来
(1)When they asked him for his opinion，he declared strongly against the policy.
他们向他征求意见时，他声明强烈反对这项政策。
(2)In my opinion，some measures which are able to control the rate of increasing cars can be taken.依我看来，应该采取一些措施控制汽车增长的速度。
[句型转换]
(3)Personally，most people learn best by doing，not by sitting in the classroom and reading about it.
→In my opinion，most people learn best by doing，not by sitting in the classroom and reading about it.
?comparison n．比较；相比
※in/by comparison相比之下；比较起来
in comparison with与……相比
※compare v．比较；对比；比喻
compare...to把……比作；喻为
compare (...) with 与……相比
compared with/to和……比起来
(1)The comparison of her life to a sea voyage simplifies her rich experience.
把她的人生比作一次海上航行不足以说明她丰富的经历。
(2)In comparison with other students，Mike is more diligent.
和其他学生相比，麦克更加勤勉一些。
(3)I compared the copy with the original，but there was not much difference.
我比较了复印件和原件，但是差别不是很大。
(4)Compared(compare) with French，English is easy to learn.英语比法语好学。
?contrast n．对比；对照 vt.对比；对照
by/in contrast对比之下
in contrast with/to与……对比起来；与……形成对比
contrast ...with...与……对比
(5)There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West.
东西方文化之间存在着明显的差异。
(6)Most people work because it’s unavoidable.By/In contrast，there are some people who actually enjoy work.很多人工作是因为它是不可避免的，相反，有一些人是的确喜欢工作的。
(7)In this book，the writer contrasts good with evil.在这本书中，作者将善恶进行对比。
Underline the relative clauses that the writer uses to identify the following.
在作者用来标识以下内容的关系句下面划线。
?identify v．确认；认出；找到
※identify...as...确认……为……
※identification n．辨认；鉴定；证明
※identity n.身份；特征
identity card (ID)身份证
(1)The family of the missing girl has been called in by the police to identify the body.
失踪女孩的家人已被警察叫来认尸。
(2)The identification(identify) of the crash victims was a long and difficult task.
鉴别坠机意外伤亡者的工作费时而且困难重重。
经典句式
※该句型中，It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。常用于这个句型的动词过去分词有：said，believed，supposed，thought，known，reported，confirmed，hoped等。
※该句型中的过去分词也可以是suggested，requested，required，ordered，advised，insisted，但当是这些动词时，从句的谓语动词要用“should＋do”，should可以省略。
※该句型还可改为：sb.?/sth.?＋be said＋不定式。
(1)It is said that Physicist Stephen Hawking has participated in the ice bucket challenge.
据说物理学家史蒂芬·霍金参加了冰桶挑战。
(2)It is suggested that the meeting (should)?be?put(put) off.有人建议会议延期召开。
[句型转换]
(3)It is said that Mary is leaving for London tomorrow.
①Mary is said to be leaving for London tomorrow.
②People say that Mary is leaving for London tomorrow.
(4)He is said to have gone abroad.
→It is said that he has gone abroad.
Every part of the Great Wall is easy to find and see.长城的每一部分都很容易找到、看到。
※在“主语＋be＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构中，如果主语是不定式的逻辑宾语，要用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。能用在这个结构中的形容词很多，如：hard，difficult，easy，heavy，interesting，pleasant，safe，comfortable，expensive等。
※如果此结构中的不定式中的动词是不及物的，则应在动词后加上一定的介词。
(1)I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good to breathe.
我喜欢在夏天很早起床。早晨的空气呼吸起来太爽了。
(2)In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant to?deal?with.
在许多人看来，这家公司虽然规模相对较小，但很好打交道。
(3)The room is?comfortable?to?live?in.这间屋子住起来很舒适。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The question in this book is hard to?answer(answer)．
2．It is reported in the newspaper that another meeting will be held between the two sides.
3．In my opinion，people cannot do anything without money，but money is not everything.
4．In contrast with your belief that we shall fail，I know we shall succeed.
5．I cannot forgive myself for not seeing my mother before she died.
6．Comparison(compare) with his previous movies shows how Lee has developed as a director.
7．The aircraft which crashed into the sea was identified as American.
Ⅱ.完成句子
8．It?is?said?that he substituted his own name for yours on the list.
据说他在名单上把你的名字换成了他自己的名字。
9．Physics is?easy?to?learn once you understand the rules. 一旦你理解了规则，物理就不难学了。
10．Compared?with/to?his?room，my room is even smaller.与他的房间相比，我的房间还要小。
11．She had?been?worrying?since the letter arrived.自从接到那封信后她就一直焦虑不安。
Ⅲ.课文缩写——概要写作
下面是根据课文内容写的一篇60词左右的内容概要，请根据括号内的汉语提示完成短文。
Nowadays，the researchers and scientists from China and other countries are working together to help 12.increase?knowledge?and?appreciation?of?China’s?ancient?cultural?heritage(提高对中国古代文化遗产的认识和鉴赏).The Mogao Caves are one of the ancient cultural heritages,13.which?have?long?
been?a?meeting?point?for?different?cultures(长期以来是不同文化的交汇点)，so tourists from all over the world would like to visit them.14.By?sharing?digital?photos?over?the?Internet(通过在网上分享数码照片)，the researchers hope to 15.promote?interest?in?China’s?ancient?culture?and?traditions (提升对中国古代文化和传统的兴趣) and educate people about the importance of safeguarding historic and cultural relics.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I’ll go and find you some clean sheets and blankets and you can sleep here tonight.
2．When I looked in the mirror，I couldn’t believe it.I looked fantastic!
3．Outside the sun was up over the roofs of the buildings and I could see the points of the cathedral with the sunlight on them.
4．The new digital technology would allow a rapid expansion in the number of TV channels.
5．Those old pots，including the one with a flying dragon(龙) on it，contain 32,000 Chinese ancient coins.
6．For most images(图像)，you do not need to adjust any other parameters(参数)．
7．Our guide led us through a series of caves(洞穴) and finally we found the exit.
8．The house is in excellent condition，with fitted carpets throughout(遍及；各处)．
9．We congratulate the people of Kosovo on this historic(历史的) occasion.
Ⅱ.选词填空
10．By?tradition all family members get together for dinner on the Spring Festival.
11．She never forgave me for forgetting her birthday.
12．Her talents stand out in?comparison?with her classmates.
13．This radio is poor in?quality；it broke down within less than a year of use.
14．Though she failed in the race，the girl won the applause of people all?over?the?world.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
15．He is said to?have?finished(finish) the work three days ago.
16．The language used for writing should be easy to?understand(understand)．
17．He prayed to ask God to forgive him for the terrible thing he had done.
18．She imagined walking(walk) into the office and handing in her resignation.
19．It is difficult to engage teachers of quality because many people are reluctant to engage in education.
20．His paintings are very much in the tradition of Picasso.
21．I was firmly of the opinion that we should not give Jackson any more money.
22．The following quotation(quote) is taken from a nineteenth century travel diary.
Ⅳ.单句写作
23．据报道那个小偷已经被抓到了。(It is reported that...)
It?is?reported?that?the?thief?has?been?caught.
24．我认为，你应该马上向老师道歉。(in my opinion)
In?my?opinion，you?should?apologize?to?your?teacher?right?now.
25．请原谅我未能及时回复你。(forgive)
?Please?forgive?me?for?not?answering?you?in?time.
26．和这种酒相比，那种酒更贵。(compared with/to)
Compared?with/to?this?wine，that?wine?is?more?expensive.
27．我认为这台电脑很难操作。(be＋adj.＋to do)
?I?find?this?computer?is?difficult?to?operate.
能力提升
Ⅴ.阅读理解
If Confucius(孔子) were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake，there would be a lot of candles.He’d need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.
While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day，few people in the United States will give him a passing thought.It’s nothing personal.Most Americans don’t even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.
But this doesn’t mean that Americans don’t care about Confucius.In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.
In the past two decades，the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities.More recently，the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries.These schools teach both Chinese language and culture.The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art，history and philosophy(哲学)．Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy.Students in the United States，at the same time，are racing to learn Chinese.So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States.Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.
So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.
Today China attracts the West more than ever，and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.
As for the old thinker，he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West，even if his birthday is.
语篇解读 本文阐述了西方学生学习中国文化的现象，并告诉我们中国古代伟大的思想家——孔子的思想仍然受到人们的追捧。
28．The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ????????.
A．provide some key facts about Confucius
B．attract the readers’ interest in the subject
C．show great respect for the ancient thinker
D．prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations
答案 B
解析 写作意图题。作者首先提出，如果孔子活到今天，按照西方国家的方式点蜡烛来庆祝他的生日的话，那么吹蜡烛将会是一件麻烦的事。作者以这个作为开场白，目的是吸引读者。C项有一定的干扰性。
29．We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students ????????.
A．have a great interest in studying Chinese
B．take an active part in Chinese competitions
C．try to get high scores in Chinese exams
D．fight for a chance to learn Chinese
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。第四段第一句就是本段的主旨句。这一段讲述了孔子文化在西方国家的受欢迎程度，由此可以得出答案。
30．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Forgotten Wisdom in America
B．Huge Fans of the Chinese Language
C．Chinese Culture for Westerners
D．Old Thinker with a Big Future
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。全文讲述了孔子学院在西方国家受欢迎的程度。它架起了一座东方文化向西方传播的桥梁，因此是古老的思想家与未来的结合。C项有一定的干扰性。本文主要介绍了孔子思想在西方国家的传播，而C项的范围过大。
31．The passage is likely to appear in ????????.
A．a biography
B．a history paper
C．a newspaper
D．a philosophy textbook
答案 C
解析 文章出处题。本文介绍了孔子学院在西方的盛行，因此属于报道类文章，应出现在报纸上。
Ⅵ.完形填空
The Fitting-in of Suzy Khan
The first time I saw Suzy Khan，I knew I had to help her.She was really small for her age of 12.The boys in my class often ??32?? about her and laughed their heads off.She would open a book，pretending to read，with tears dropping on the open page.
All I knew was that she was an orphan(孤儿) from Africa.She had just been adopted by a family in town who ??33?? that the best way for her to learn American ways of life was to be with American kids.I looked down at this ??34?? girl and promised myself that somehow I would help her.
But how could I help her ??35?? in with us？There had to be a ??36??.
One day，when I went into the classroom，I saw that Suzy had ??37?? her geography book to a picture of a train，and in her notebook，she had made a(n) ??38?? copy.
I was surprised and thought that she could do something in the coming ??39?? show.So，I took her to see the art teacher，Miss Parker，and showed her what Suzy had ??40??.“Why，it’s wonderful，” said Miss Parker，who then showed us a poster she had painted ??41?? the talent show.“I need more of these，but I just don’t have enough ??42??.Could you help me，Suzy？”
On the day of the talent show，Suzy’s ??43?? were everywhere—all over the hall and all over the school，each one different.
“And finally，” said Mr Brown，the schoolmaster，at the end of the show，“we have a(n) ??44?? award.I’m sure you’ve all noticed the wonderful posters.” Everyone nodded.“One of our own students ??45?? them.”
I could hear everyone whispering.“Who in our school could draw ??46?? well？”
Mr Brown waited a while before saying，“??47?? this student worked so hard on the posters，she deserves a ??48??，too.Our mystery(神秘) artist is our new student—Suzy Khan！”
Mr Brown thanked her for all the wonderful posters and gave her a professional artist’s set.“Thank you，” she cried.
I ??49??，at that time when I was looking at her excited face，she’d probably never ??50?? anything in her whole life.
Everyone started to ??51?? their hands.Suzy Khan gave them a shy smile and the applause was deafening.I knew then Suzy was going to be all right.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲了一个非洲儿童Suzy被美国家庭收养，为让Suzy了解美国生活，他们把她送进学校和美国孩子一起学习，但那些美国孩子却经常嘲笑她。一次偶然的机会，“我”发现了她的绘画才能，并把她介绍给艺术老师，艺术老师也认同她的绘画才能，并让她帮助自己制作才艺表演的海报。在才艺表演结束的时候，校长颁发给Suzy一个特殊奖，同学们也认可和接纳了她。
32．A.joked B．cared
C．forgot D．worried
答案 A
解析 根据后面的“laughed their heads off”(狂笑不已)可知，班里的男生经常开她的玩笑(joke about her)。
33．A.reported B．decided
C．complained D．questioned
答案 B
解析 她刚被镇上的一家人收养，这家人决定(decide)让她学会美国生活方式的最佳方法是和美国的孩子待在一起。report报告；complain抱怨；question质疑。
34．A.rich B．proud
C．tiny D．popular
答案 C
解析 根据第一段中的“She was really small for her age of 12.”可知，这个女孩儿身材娇小(tiny)。
35．A.come B．fall
C．fit D．tie
答案 C
解析 但是我如何帮她融入(fit in with)我们呢？根据下文内容以及标题中的Fitting-in可知C项正确。
36．A.manner B．pattern
C．choice D．way
答案 D
解析 但是我如何帮她融入我们呢？总会有办法的。此处与上句中的问题对应，指解决问题的方法(way)。
37．A.read B．taken
C．opened D．put
答案 C
解析 根据下文她画下了火车的图片以及本句中的过去完成时态可知，“我”进入教室时，发现Suzy已经把地理书翻到了有火车图片的一页。open在此处意为“打开，翻开”。
38．A.free B．perfect
C．final D．extra
答案 B
解析 根据下文中“我”的感受“surprised”以及美术老师对此的评价“wonderful”可知她的画非常完美(perfect)。
39．A.art B．talk
C．quiz D．talent
答案 D
解析 根据下文中的the talent show可知答案。这里表示“我”很惊讶，认为她可以为即将到来的才艺表演做些什么。
40．A.colored B．written
C．carved D．drawn
答案 D
解析 由上一段最后一句中的“a picture of a train”以及“made a ???????? copy”可知，她画了一幅非常出色的画，此外，“我”带她去见的是美术老师，应与绘画有关，故用drawn。
41．A.at B．after
C．for D．around
答案 C
解析 此处表示目的，故用介词for。Miss Parker给“我们”看了她为才艺表演而画的一幅海报。
42．A.room B．time
C．paper D．interest
答案 B
解析 根据“need more of these”以及最后一句的请求可知老师没有足够的时间(time)去完成。
43．A.gifts B．books
C．photos D．posters
答案 D
解析 根据上文Miss Parker请求Suzy帮自己画更多的海报可知，此处与上文照应，指的是才艺表演当天，Suzy画的海报(poster)贴得到处都是。并且根据下文多次出现的“posters”也可得出答案。
44．A.special B．academic
C．national D．royal
答案 A
解析 表演结束时，校长宣布“最后，我们要颁发一项特别(special)奖”。此项奖是颁给画海报的人而非才艺表演的人，故是“特别奖”。academic学术上的；national全国性的；royal皇家的。
45．A.painted B．found
C．printed D．collected
答案 A
解析 根据上文Miss Parker请求Suzy帮自己画更多的海报可知，这些海报是Suzy画的，同时下一段中的draw与此处单词表达同样的意思，故选A项。
46．A.very B．that
C．quite D．too
答案 B
解析 我听到大家都小声说道：“我们学校谁画得那么好呢？”that作副词时，可表示“那么”，相当于so。
47．A.If B．Though
C．Unless D．Since
答案 D
解析 ????????这个学生如此辛苦地绘制了这些海报，她也应该得到????????。根据语境可知，两句之间存在因果关系，since既然，表示原因，符合语境。
48．A.prize B．rank
C．rest D．place
答案 A
解析 根据上文出现的a ???????? award可知句意为“她也应该得到一份奖赏”。rank头衔；rest休息；place名次，位置。
49．A.replied B．realized
C．remembered D．regretted
答案 B
解析 此处是说看到她激动的表情时，“我”意识到(realize)了某种事实。reply回应；remember回忆，记得；regret后悔。
50．A.offered B．valued
C．owned D．controlled
答案 C
解析 根据前面的excited，cried以及本句中的修饰词never，whole可知，此处用owned(拥有)更能体现出Suzy获得特别奖时的激动心情。
51．A.clap B．wave
C．raise D．shake
答案 A
解析 根据后面的their hands以及applause可知，大家都开始鼓掌(clap)。
Ⅶ.语法填空
Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide 52.???????? they would be caught by the German Nazis.They hid away for nearly 25 months before they were discovered.She suffered from 53.???????? (lonely)．There was a time 54.????????the only true friend was her diary.She kept a diary 55.????????(set) down her experiences.One evening when it was warm，she stayed awake 56.???????? purpose until half past eleven to look at 57.???????? moon by herself.Another time when it was rainy，she didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut.The dark，rainy evening，the thundering clouds held her 58.???????? (entire) in their power.It was the first time in a year and a half that she 59.???????? (see) the night face to face.Sadly，she was only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very 60.???????? (dust) windows.She thought it was no pleasure 61.???????? (look) through these any longer because nature must be experienced.
52．答案 or
解析 考查连词。句意为：他们不得不躲藏起来，否则会被抓住。故填or。
53．答案 loneliness
解析 考查词性转换。suffer from＋名词，故填loneliness。
54．答案 when
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，a time作先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，故填 when。
55．答案 to set
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故填to set。
56．答案 on
解析 考查介词。固定词组：on purpose故意地。
57．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。世界独一无二的东西前用定冠词the，故在moon前加the。
58．答案 entirely
解析 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词，故填entirely。
59．答案 had seen
解析 考查动词时态。固定句式：It was the first time...that＋主语＋过去完成时态＋...。故填had seen。
60．答案 dusty
解析 考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，故填dusty。
61．答案 looking
解析 考查非谓语动词。固定句式：It is no pleasure doing sth.?做某事不快乐。故填looking。
As we all know，there are a large number of cultural relics all over the world.Nowadays，more and more people are interested in the topic about how to protect cultural relics.Cultural relics also have begun to be a hot topic in China today as the balance between developing the nation and keeping traditional culture.This can be seen in the public’s hope to rebuild places of interest.This can be seen in Beijing as traditional courtyards are removed to make way for large，modern buildings.As people gain more money and are able to move around freely in China，they want to protect the relics of their cultural past.People now wish to protect traditional architecture (建筑物) like old city walls instead of knocking them down.Some even wish to rebuild those that have been torn down.The Chinese people show their interest in the folk arts and hope that some new culture exhibitions will be helpful to educate people to protect some cultural relics1.In addition2，Chinese culture is also spreading (传播) in many foreign countries.Chinese studies abroad have increased a great deal as China becomes more of a growing economic and international player.The interest in Chinese relics abroad is also high because so many foreigners come to appreciate Chinese culture every year.
靓句运用于写作
1．I am delighted to inform you that this year’s music festival will be held shortly.
(2019·全国Ⅲ，书面表达)
2．We feel at ease in our school uniforms every day.In addition，the traditional Chinese dress can’t reflect the unique culture of our school.(2019·江苏，书面表达)
Period One Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking—Comprehending
匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思
[第一组]
1．creative A．申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)
2．balance B．保护；保存；维持；保护区
3．preserve C．促进；提升；推销；晋级
4．promote D．平衡；均匀；使平衡
5．application E．创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的
答案 1.E 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A
[第二组]
6．proposal A．阻止；阻碍；阻挠
7．protest B．限度；限制；限定
8．establish C．抗议；(公开)反对
9．limit D．建立；创立
10．prevent E．提议；建议
答案 6.E 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.A
[第三组]
11．contribution A．值得做的；值得花时间的
12．donate B．企图；试图；尝试
13．disappear C．消失；灭绝；消亡
14．attempt D．捐赠；赠送；献(血)
15．worthwhile E．捐款；贡献；捐赠
答案 11.E 12.D 13.C 14.B 15.A
1．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Egypt built a dam to benefit the local people.
B．We can combine making progress with preserving cultural relics by working together.
C．How did the Aswan Dam come into being?
D．Any problem can be solved by working together.
答案 B
2．Match each paragraph with its topic sentence.
Para.1 A．The spirit of the Aswan Dam project is still alive today.
Para.2 B．When the project ended in 1980，it was considered a great success.
Para.3 C．How were the cultural relics protected?
Para.4 D．A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent
the loss of cultural relics.
Para.5 E．Big challenges，however，can sometimes lead to great solutions.
Para.6 F．Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of
cultural sites can be a big challenge.
答案 Para.1 F Para.2 E Para.3 D Para.4 C Para.5 B Para.6 A
Ⅰ.Judge whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F)．
1．The old must go hand in hand with the new.(F)
2．It is important to balance progress and the protection of cultural sites.(T)
3．At first，the proposal to build a dam across the Nile was objected by the Egyptians.(T)
4．The work of building the Aswan Dam began in 1950.(F)
5．Many new temples completely replaced the old ones during the building of the dam.(F)
6．The dam was completed through cooperation among countries.(T)
Ⅱ.Choose the best answer.
1．Which word can replace the underlined one in the sentence “it is not possible to preserve everything from our past”？
A．Reserve. B．Deserve.
C．Protect. D．Protest.
答案 C
2.Which is not the purpose of building the dam?
A．To take control of floods.
B．To generate electricity.
C．To supply water to farmers.
D．To create a scenic spot.
答案 D
3．What did the experts not do after the committee was established?
A．To investigate the issue.
B．To compromise with the local people.
C．To carry out several tests.
D．To make a suggestion for how to save the buildings.
答案 B
4．How were the temples saved?
A．By rebuilding them in a new place using the original materials.
B．By destroying and rebuilding them.
C．By moving them to a new place without changing them.
D．By building new temples to replace the old ones.
答案 A
5．Which of the following statements is WRONG?
A．It took about 20 years to build the dam.
B．UNESCO is an organization which runs a programme to prevent world cultural heritage sites from disappearing.
C．Through international cooperation，we can solve any challenge difficult for a single nation.
D．From this passage we can see it is difficult to balance between development and protection of cultural sites.
答案 D
After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.
In the course of economic development，there comes a time 1.when the old must give way to the new.2.Keeping(keep) balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a great challenge.In the 1950s，the Egyptian government wanted 3.to?build(build) a dam.However，the project led 4.to protests，because the water from the dam would likely damage a number of cultural relics.So the government turned to the UN for help.A committee 5.was?established(establish) to deal with the challenge and the experts investigated the issue，conducted tests and made a 6.proposal(propose) to save the cultural relics.7.Finally(final)，the work began in 1960.The temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece and moved and put back together again in a new place.Over the next 20 years,8.thousands(thousand) of engineers and workers rescued countless cultural relics.In 1980，the project ended,9.which was considered 10.a great success.It shows that if a problem seems too difficult for a single nation，the global community can sometimes provide a solution.
1．There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.
[句式分析] 此句中的There comes a time...是倒装句，when引导定语从句修饰先行词a?time；and后的句子中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to preserve...；as引导状语从句。
[自主翻译] 新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
2．After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem，and citizens who lived near the dam，the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.
[句式分析] 本句中after是介词，后接动名词短语作宾语；两个who引导的都是定语从句，分别修饰先行词scientists和citizens；固定短语turn to...for help译为“向……求助”。
[自主翻译] 在听取了研究这个问题的科学家和住在大坝附近的居民的意见后，政府于1959年求助于联合国。
3．Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past，but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
[句式分析] not only...but also...不但……而且……，当连接两个句子时，若not only置于句首，句子要用倒装。句中的that did not run over...是定语从句，修饰先行词a?path；在but also分句中that引导宾语从句，其中的it是形式主语，代替真正的主语动词不定式to work...。
[自主翻译] 这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。
4．Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO，which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.
[句式分析] 句中含有两个定语从句。一个是由which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词UNESCO；另一个是由that引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a programme；prevent ...from...防止某人(事)……。
[自主翻译] 联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)也许是最好的例子，该组织实施了一项计划，防止世界各地的文化遗产消失。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·蚌埠二中高一期中)
Have you ever been to Singapore？It is a dynamic city-state where you will find a harmonious mixture of culture，cuisine(烹饪)，arts，people and architecture(建筑)．If you have at least 5 hours to spare in transit(运输；中转) before your next flight，join us in one of our free two-hour guided tours，which run daily at regular times.Registration for the tour must be made at least one hour before the start of the tour.
◆HERITAGE(遗产) TOUR
Tour Timings：
9∶00 am to 11∶00 am
11∶30 am to 1∶30 pm
2∶30 pm to 4∶30 pm
4∶00 pm to 6∶00 pm
The heritage tour has a short stopover at the Merlion Park before going to the Colonial District，Central Business District and Chinatown or Little India.The journey to the Merlion Park offers you a entire view of Singapore’s landmarks like Marina Bay Sands，Singapore Flyer and Gardens by the Bay.The tour will bring you through a discovery journey where you will have a glimpse of a unique mixture of East and West，tradition and modernity.It will be a splendid way for you to explore the history，culture and lifestyle of multi-racial Singapore while in your transit.
◆CITY LIGHT TOUR
Tour Timings：6∶30 pm to 8∶30 pm
As night falls，Singapore takes another look to offer an entertainment choice.The City Light Tour brings you to various attractions in Singapore.As the journey begins from Changi Airport towards Benjamin Sheares Bridge，you will get a wide view of Singapore’s famous symbols—the Singapore Flyer，Marina Bay Sands and Esplanade.Next，you will see the Helix(螺旋的) Bridge which is inspired by the double helix of our DNA structure.
1．If it is 2∶45 pm now and Mike’s plane is going to take off at 8∶35 pm，which is the best timing for him?
A．9∶00 am to 11∶00 am.
B．11∶30 am to 1∶30 pm.
C．2∶30 pm to 4∶30 pm.
D．4∶00 pm to 6∶00 pm.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据HERITAGE(遗产) TOUR中的“4∶00 pm to 6∶00 pm”可知，如果现在是下午2∶45，迈克的飞机8∶35起飞的话，4∶00 pm to 6∶00 pm的遗迹之旅最适合他，故D项正确。
2．People can enjoy a wide view of Singapore’s landmarks on the way to ????????.
A．Little India B．Chinatown
C．the Merlion Park D．the Colonial District
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据HERITAGE(遗产) TOUR中的“The journey to the Merlion Park offers you a entire view of Singapore’s landmarks like Marina Bay Sands，Singapore Flyer and Gardens by the Bay.”可知，鱼尾狮公园之旅提供了新加坡的地标性建筑的全景，由此可知，新加坡的地标性建筑在去鱼尾狮公园的路上，故C项正确。
3．Which of the following is TRUE about the City Light Tour?
A．It is a great tour to explore the history，culture and lifestyle of Singapore.
B．You’ll have a glimpse of a unique mixture of East and West during the tour.
C．On the tour，you can see Helix Bridge，which looks like our DNA structure.
D．It begins from Marina Bay Sands and goes towards Benjamin Sheares Bridge.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据CITY LIGHT TOUR中的“Next，you will see the Helix(螺旋的) Bridge which is inspired by the double helix of our DNA structure.”可知，在城市之光之旅中，你可以看到像DNA结构的螺旋桥。
B
Say you are a 17th century construction(建筑) worker who’s worked long and hard to build a splendid tower for the dead wife of your emperor(皇帝)．
Now say that the emperor orders you to cut off your fingertips so you can never build another one.Yes，that is the Taj Mahal，one of the most famous buildings in the world.And the tale(传说) behind the construction is just as impressive(印象深刻的) as the building itself.
First，there’s the emperor of northern India，Shah Jehan，also called the King of the World.In 1612，Shah Jehan married Mumtaz Mahal.Madly in love，they had 14 children over the next 20 years.But then sadness came.As Mumtaz was about to give birth to child Number 14，she said she had heard her unborn baby cry out.It was a sign of death.And as Mumtaz lay dying，she asked Jehan to build a lasting memorial(纪念物) to celebrate their love.
When the heartbroken Jehan appeared eight days after his wife’s death，his people were shocked to see that his coal-black hair had turned snow-white.
Putting away his sadness，Jehan ordered his wife’s dying wish be carried out(执行)．More than 20,000 workers labored nearly 22 years to complete the construction.In 1653，Jehan placed Mumtaz’s remains in the center under the building.
And then，son Number five，Aurangzeb，murdered his brothers and took over the power from his aging father.Jehan lived the rest of his days—eight years，to be exact—imprisoned not far from the Taj Mahal.Jehan was only allowed to climb onto the top of his prison to see the timeless treasure from a distance(从远处)．But never again would he be allowed to visit it—until he was buried next to his wife.
Today 25,000 people visit the Taj Mahal each day.Though the reason for building the tower was a strange，sad story，those who see its breathtaking beauty are reminded(使想起) of the happiness that inspired(激发……的灵感) its construction.
语篇解读 本文讲述了世界上最著名的建筑之一——泰姬陵，其背后的传说与建筑本身同样令人印象深刻。
4．The first two paragraphs were written to show that????????.
A．the Taj Mahal is an unusual historic building
B．ancient Indian emperors were cruel
C．construction workers led a hard life in ancient India
D．India has some of the most famous buildings in the world
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。由前两段内容可知，作者是想表明泰姬陵是一座不同寻常的历史性建筑。故选A。
5．The Taj Mahal was first built as????????.
A．a prison
B．a gift to Mumtaz
C．a memorial building
D．a tourist attraction(景点)
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“And as Mumtaz lay dying，she asked Jehan to build a lasting memorial(纪念物) to celebrate their love.”可知，答案为C。
6．We learn from the text that Mumtaz probably died in????????.
A．1626 B．1632
C．1634 D．1653
答案 B
解析 数字计算题。由第三段内容可知，Mumtaz于1612年结婚，其后20年里生下了14个孩子，在生第14个孩子时死去。1612＋20＝1632。故选B。
7．The underlined word “happiness” in the last paragraph refers to ????????.
A．the married happiness of the emperor and his wife
B．the great pleasure Jehan once found in exercising his power
C．the happiness Jehan felt on completing the Taj Mahal
D．the pleasure tourists experience when visiting the Taj Mahal
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。由第三段最后一句可知，Mumtaz Mahal在去世前要求她丈夫建一座永久性的建筑以纪念他们的爱情，所以参观泰姬陵的游客们看到这美得令人窒息的建筑会想起他们的爱情。故选A。
C
(2019·广东中山高一下期末)
Many doors close for those who have ever been in prison for a crime.It can be difficult for former prisoners to reenter society.A number of training programs are aimed at reopening doors for these men and women.
“Together We Bake” teaches cooking and marketing skills to women who have spent time in prison so they can start new lives.It is a 10-week program which teaches women how to bake and sell cookies.Two friends，Tricia Sabatini and Stephanie Wright，created the program.
“I have a background in social work and she is an amazing baker，” Ms Wright explains.“We discovered that for this population of women，returning from prison into the community，there aren’t a lot of resources for them.So we thought we could combine our passions(激情) and develop this job as a training program.”Stephanie Wright says they started the program earlier this year.“We had two classes so far that have graduated.This is our third class.We have eight women currently in this class.We’ve 16 women graduated in the first two classes.”
Terry Garred is one of the graduates.She says the program helped her turn her life around.Next she hopes to complete her high school studies.She is also working for “Together We Bake” to help other women follow the path she took.
The program includes classes in which the women talk about their experiences and learn communication and job skills.Thirty-six-year-old Jamie White had spent three years in jail，which made her a little puzzled about her future life back into society.But she found those meetings were very helpful.She learned how to open up，and was just trying to better herself.She gained new skills.She sells baked goods at local markets every weekend now.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“Together We Bake”这个培训项目设立的初衷，现状及意义。
8．What does “Together We Bake” intend to do?
A．It teaches jobless women to learn how to cook.
B．It earns money by cooking and selling cookies.
C．It helps former women prisoners to start new lives.
D．It encourages former prisoners to find jobs they want.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由第二段首句“‘Together We Bake’ teaches cooking and marketing skills to women who have spent time in prison so they can start new lives.”可知，“我们一起烘焙”这个项目旨在帮助前女囚犯开始新生活。
9．What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A．Stephanie Wright is an amazing baker.
B．There are 3 classes in the program now.
C．Tricia Sabatini used to be a social worker.
D．24 women have participated in the program.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由第三段中的内容可知，前两期班中的16名女人已经毕业，现在是第三期，有8个人。也就是说到目前为止，已经有24名女人参加了这个项目。故选D。
10．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A．New Skills，New Life
B．Baking for a New Life
C．“Together We Bake” for You and Me
D．Former Prisoners Can Also Be Successful
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。这是一篇说明文，主要介绍“Together We Bake”这个项目，以及它的深远意义(让出狱的人获得技能，开启新的生活，尽快回归社会)。选项B中的“Baking”与这个项目相呼应，“for a New Life”体现了这个项目的深远意义。故选B。
11．What’s Jamie White’s attitude towards the “Together We Bake” program?
A．Grateful. B．Puzzled.
C．Indifferent. D．Concerned.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“But she found those meetings were very helpful.She learned how to open up，and was just trying to better herself.”可知，她对这个项目很感激和认可。grateful感激不尽的；puzzled困惑的；indifferent漠不关心的；concerned关心的。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
Celebrate!
Pinatas(彩饰陶罐)
In Mexico，children often get pinatas on their birthday.Their parents put chocolates and other sweets inside the pinata and hang it on a tree.Then the children hit the pinata with a stick.??12??
Noodles
In China，people often celebrate birthdays by eating with family or friends，and the last dish of the meal is always noodles.The noodles are long and thin.??13??You can’t cut them.In Chinese culture，long noodles mean you will have a long life.
Business birthdays
A business birthday shows that a company is successful.Many businesses in the USA celebrate important birthdays，like 10,50 or 150 years.??14?? Sometimes they make TV advertisements.It is a good chance to advertise the business.
Name days
As well as a birthday，many people in Southern Europe also celebrate their name day.??15?? People have big parties and open their houses to anybody who wants to come.People bring small gifts，often flowers or a box of sweets.
Islamic New Year
In Muslim(穆斯林) countries across the world，people celebrate Eid.Eid means festival or celebration.During Eid，people visit family and friends，as well as people who are sick or in hospital.??16?? Children receive toys，too.Children often wear special traditional clothes during the Eid celebrations.
A．You have to eat them in one piece.
B．They go out for a meal to celebrate.
C．Companies hold parties and send cards.
D．They give presents，such as sweets and food.
E．It breaks and the sweets fall out on to the ground.
F．This is one of the two important festivals in this country.
G．In Greece，name days are more important than birthdays.
12．答案 E
解析 根据上句“然后孩子们用棍子打彩饰陶罐”可知E项“陶罐破了，糖果掉到地上”符合语境。故选E。
13．答案 A
解析 根据上句“面条又长又细”，再根据空格下句“你不能切它们”，可知A项“你必须完整地把它们吃完”符合语境。故选A。
14．答案 C
解析 根据上句“在美国很多公司庆祝重要生日”和空格下句“有时他们在电视上做广告”可知C项“公司举行聚会和发送贺卡”符合语境。故选C。
15．答案 G
解析 根据小标题和上句“在欧洲南部的许多人也庆祝他们的名字日”可知G项“在希腊，名字日比生日更重要”符合题意。故选G。
16．答案 D
解析 根据下句“孩子们也收玩具”可知D项“他们赠送礼物，如糖果和食物”符合语境。故选D。
Period Three Discovering Useful Structures—Restrictive relative clauses(3)
感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题
1．This is the best TV set that is made in China.
2．Please just tell me anything that you know about the author of the book.
3．The boy and his dog that were believed to be lost in the wood were rescued this morning.
4．John is the boy whose legs were badly injured in the accident.
5．This is a place where children can play without danger.
6．We all look forward to the day when a simple medical test can find cancer while it is still small.
7．The reason why she was late for the exam was that she got stuck in a traffic jam.
1．句1－3中的定语从句由that引导，这是因为先行词被最高级、序数词及only，any修饰时，或者先行词是不定代词、先行词包括人和物时，关系代词常用that。
2.第4 句用whose引导定语从句，是因为定语从句中缺少定语，whose在从句中充当此成分。
3．根据第5－7句可知，当从句中缺少状语时，由关系副词引导定语从句，缺地点状语由where引导，缺少时间状语用when引导，缺少原因状语用why引导。
限制性定语从句用来限制先行词的意义，在讲话时不需停顿，书写时不用逗号，通常由关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，as和关系副词when，where，why引导。
一、基本概念
1．先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词(有时是短语或句子)叫作先行词。如下列句中加黑部分就是先行词。
She has found the necklace that she lost two weeks ago.她找到了她那条丢失两周的项链。
As a general rule，the most successful man in life is the man who has the best information.一般说来，生活中最成功的人是获得最佳信息的人。
Do you remember the day when we arrived here? 你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天？
2．关系词：用来引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词。它包括关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as)和关系副词(when，where，why)。关系词在从句中一定要担任成分。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语；关系副词在从句中作状语。
We’re going to do something that has never been done before.(作主语)
He is a man whom we should all learn from.(作宾语)
He lives in a house whose window faces south.(作定语)
He is no longer the person that he used to be.(作表语)
At the time when I saw him，he was well.(作时间状语)
They still live in the same house where they lived ten years ago.(作地点状语)
That is the reason why I am not in favor of revising the plan.(作原因状语)
[温馨提示]
(1)作宾语的关系代词常可省去。如：There are some films (that) I’d like to see.
(2)因为关系词在从句中已经担任了某一成分，所以关系词所代指的先行词在从句中不要再出现。下面的句子都有错误：
Mrs Smith whom you met her yesterday is a friend of mine.(去掉her)
Guilin is a city which it has a history of 2,000 years.(去掉it)
This is the place where my mother was born there.(去掉there)
There are moments when I forgot all about it then.(去掉then)
二、关系词的种类和功能
种 类
功能(在从句中所担任的成分)
关系代词
that
主语、宾语、表语(代替人或物)
which
主语、宾语(代替物)
who
主语、宾语(代替人)
whom
宾语(代替人)
whose
定语(代替人或物)
as
主语、宾语、表语(代替人或物)
关系副词
when
时间状语(代替表时间的先行词)
where
地点状语(代替表地点的先行词)
why
原因状语(先行词是reason)
1.that用作关系代词，既可指人也可指物，可作主语、宾语或表语。
Is he the man that sells eggs？他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗？(作主语，指人)
Water that is impure often causes serious illness.水不清洁常会引起重病。(作主语，指物)
2．which用作关系代词时一般指物，可作主语、宾语。
She was not on the train which arrived just now.她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。(作主语)
This is the book which you wanted.这就是你想要的那本书。(作宾语)
3．who只指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语。
A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.医生是关照人们健康的人。(作主语)
The man who I saw is called Smith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。(作宾语)
4．whom用作关系词，只指人，在从句中一般作宾语。
The gentleman whom she encountered addressed her with courtesy.她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地和她讲话。(作宾语)
5．whose在从句中作定语，既可指人也可指物。
You’re the only one whose advice he might listen to.只有你的话他可能会听。(指人)
I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。(指物)
6．when的先行词须是表时间的词，在从句中作时间状语。
July and August are the months when the weather is hot.七八月是天气很热的月份。
7．where的先行词须是表地点的名词，在从句中作地点状语。
She’s going home where she can rest.她要回家休息了。
[温馨提示]
关系副词where的先行词也可是有地点含义的抽象名词(如point，case，situation，condition等)。
He has reached the point where a change is needed.他已到了需要改弦易辙的地步。(point在此是抽象名词)
8．why的先行词只有reason，在从句中作原因状语。
Do you know the reason why I left early?
你知道我为什么早走吗？
三、that和which引导定语从句的区别
1．which可引导非限制性定语从句，that不可以。
He had failed in the maths exam，which made his father very angry.
他数学考试不及格，这让他父亲很生气。
2．which之前可有介词，that之前不能有介词。
This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.
这是鲁迅过去住过的房子。
3．当先行词是all，everything，nothing，something，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时，常用that。
That is all that I want to say.那就是我想说的一切。
There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it.
没有什么能阻止他这样做。
4．先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，多用that。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
5．先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，多用that。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
6．先行词被the very，the only，the just等修饰时，多用that。
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
这正是我想买的字典。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.
史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。
7．先行词既包括人又包括物时，用that。
The passengers and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane.仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。
[温馨提示]
1．way作先行词，若从句中缺少状语，则用that或in which引导定语从句，也可省略关系词。
I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks to his parents.我不喜欢他跟他父母讲话的方式。
2．关系副词可由“介词＋关系代词”代替。
I will remember the day when/on which I worked there.我将永远记住我在那儿工作的那一天。
My favorite city is Beijing where/in which I can visit the Great Wall.
我最喜欢的城市是北京，在那里我可以参观长城。
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空
1．They were well trained by their masters who/that had great experience with caring for these animals.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
2．In the cafe，customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment that/which is created for them.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
3．The students benefitting most from college are those who are totally engaged(参与)in academic life，taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源)．(2019·北京)
4．Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.(2019·天津)
5．On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth that/which gives off light in the dark.
(2019·浙江)
6．(1)This is the factory that/which I visited last year.
(2)This is the factory where I worked last year.
7．(1)The reason that/which he gave is unbelievable.
(2)The reason why I went was that I wanted to meet your friends.
8．(1)I don’t like the way that/in?which she deals with the proposal.
(2)I don’t like the way that/which you taught me.
9．(1)I won’t forget the day when/on?which I took part in the sports meeting.
(2)I won’t forget the day that/which I spent with you on the farm.
10．(1)There was one point that/which we must insist on.
(2)After graduation she reached a point in her career where she needed to decide what to do.
Ⅱ.用定语从句把下面的句子合并起来
11．This is the bus.It goes to the university.
This?is?the?bus?that/which?goes?to?the?university.
12．Do you remember the place? We all used to meet there.
Do?you?remember?the?place?where?we?all?used?to?meet?
13．There are a number of protests.We are considering them.
There?are?a?number?of?protests?that/which?we?are?considering.
14．We took in a dog.It had been abandoned by its former owner.
We?took?in?a?dog?that/which?had?been?abandoned?by?its?former?owner.
15．In the corridor there was a notice board.Several students were looking at it.
In?the?corridor?there?was?a?notice?board?that/which?several?students?were?looking?at.
16．She is an artist.I am quite familiar with her works.
She?is?an?artist?whose?works?I?am?quite?familiar?with.
17．An inventor gave us the telephone.He was a Scot.
The?inventor?who/that?gave?us?the?telephone?was?a?Scot.
18．A plane crashed into the sea.It may have been a terrorist target.
A?plane?that/which?crashed?into?the?sea?may?have?been?a?terrorist?target.
19．A scientist discovered the neutron.He was James Chadwick.
The?scientist?who/that?discovered?the?neutron?was?James?Chadwick.
20．You were playing some music，and it sounded very familiar.
The?music?that/which?you?were?playing?sounded?very?familiar.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true.(2019·江苏)
2．The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
3．Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.(2018·浙江)
4．Self-driving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
(2018·江苏)
5．Who is the person that is talking about the accident that/which happened on Highway 104?
6．The girl that/who/whom we met in the dam is a film star，who played the leading role in the film that/which we saw yesterday.
7．I see no reason why this issue cannot be discussed right now.
8．The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned.
9．The building whose windows are bright at night is our school building.
10．The department that/which I visited last year was not the one where I once worked.
Ⅱ.完成句子
11．Can you provide the clue for me that/which?you?talked?about?the?other?day?
你能把前几天提到的那个线索提供给我吗？
12．I still remember the sitting-room where?my?mother?and?I?used?to?sit in the evening.
我仍然记得那个客厅，我和妈妈晚上常坐在那里。
13．His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose?family?was?poor.
父母不让他娶任何家庭贫困的人为妻。
14．Do you still remember one evening a week ago when?I?came?to?your?room?and?borrowed a diamond necklace?
你还记得一周前的一个晚上吗？我来你房间借了一条钻石项链。
15．The second book that?I?want?to?read is Red Star Over China.
我想读的第二本书是《红星照耀中国》。
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
The Polish take great pride in their culture.Our culture has many different customs and traditions.I will discuss three of these traditions and customs.
The Polish will say “Dziekuje” (“thank you”) only after receiving their change.What I mean by this is that when you are in Poland，you should wait to say “thank you” until after you have been given your change back.If you do not，you are telling cashiers (收银员) that they can “keep the change”．Often，people visiting Poland will feel that things are very expensive，until they learn that they are giving the store clerk permission to keep the money that would have been given back.
Polish people break “bread” with their families during their Christmas Eve meal.The Christmas Eve celebration starts with the breaking of the Oplatek，which is a thin piece of “bread”．In my family，the eldest in the family (my grandfather) takes the big Oplatek and breaks it into large pieces that he then hands down to each of his four children (my aunt，uncles，and father)．Then，these family members break their pieces into smaller sizes and pass them out to their own children.Once the last piece is passed down to the youngest，we say a prayer(祷告) and eat the piece of thin bread.
Polish people celebrate “Imieniny”， or Name’s Day.This day is more important than one’s birthday.They often name their children after a saint(圣徒) whose day is closest to the date that they were born on.Then their saint’s day that they were named after becomes their “new” birthday.On Name’s Day，families and friends gather together and enjoy a variety of food，drinking，and dancing.
As you can see，Poland has a few very unique(独特的) traditions and customs.I honor my Polish culture and will pass it on to my own children because it is important to know one’s own culture.
16．In Poland，if you say “Dziekuje” before getting your change，????????.
A．the store clerk will keep it
B．the product will be changed
C．the store clerk will check the money
D．the product will be returned to the store
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的第一句和第三句“If you do not，you are telling cashiers (收银员) that they can ‘keep the change’．”可知，在波兰，如果你在收银员给你找钱之前说Dziekuje，就等于让收银员留下零钱。
17．On Christmas Eve，the author will receive “bread” from ????????.
A．his grandfather B．his uncle
C．his aunt D．his father
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Then，these family members break their pieces into smaller sizes and pass them out to their own children.”可知，在圣诞节前夜作者会得到他父亲切的面包。
18．A Polish person’s Imieniny is ????????.
A．a day to visit families and friends
B．more important than Name’s Day
C．near to his or her birthday
D．a day to honor a saint
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“They often name their children after a saint(圣徒) whose day is closest to the date that they were born on.Then their saint’s day that they were named after becomes their ‘new’ birthday.”可知，在波兰，孩子经常以某位圣徒的名字命名，哪位圣徒的纪念日与孩子的生日最接近，人们就选哪位圣徒命名。故选C项。
19．What does the author think of Polish traditions and customs?
A．He feels proud of them.
B．He shows no interest in them.
C．He is worried about them.
D．He considers them very funny.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“I honor my Polish culture and will pass it on to my own children...”可知，作者以自己国家的传统习俗为荣。
B
(2019·河南周口中英文学校高一下期末)
Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some way.Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways，and at different times on the calendar.
In Western countries，people usually celebrate New Year at midnight on December 31st or January 1st.People may go to parties，sometimes dressed in formal clothes，and they may drink champagne(香槟)at midnight.During the first minutes of the new year，people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead.But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sunrise.They welcome the new year with the first light of the sunrise.
Many cultures also do special things to get rid of bad luck at the beginning of a new year.For example，in Ecuador，families make a big doll from old clothes.The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers.At midnight，these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh(重新)．
Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean，or saying special things on the first day of the new year.
Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck in the new year.One widespread Spanish tradition for good luck is to eat grapes on New Year’s Day.The more grapes a person eats，the more good luck the person will have in the new year.In France，people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year.In the United States，some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck—but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!
20．Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A．Several Different New Year Traditions
B．The Meaning of “Happy New Year！”
C．What to Eat on New Year’s Day
D．Why People Dress Up Nicely on New Year’s Day
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways”可知，不同的文化以不同的方式庆祝新年，下文就介绍了几种不同的庆祝新年的传统，故A项正确。
21．What do you know from the first two paragraphs?
A．Different cultures celebrate the beginning and ending of a year in the same way.
B．The Western people celebrate the New Year only by watching the sunrise.
C．People around the world celebrate the New Year at different times.
D．People hold parties，wear new clothes and drink champagne for a whole day.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways，and at different times on the calendar.”及第二段的举例可知，世界各地庆祝新年的时间不同，故C项正确。
22．In some cultures，why do people throw things into rivers or oceans?
A．To bring good luck.
B．To forget everything.
C．To avoid bad luck.
D．To plan for the next year.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean”可知，新年那天，人们往河里或海里扔东西是为了赶走霉运，故C项正确。
23．Which of the following is TRUE if people want to escape bad luck and wish for good luck?
A．Families make big dolls filled with old clothes.
B．Friends tell something special to each other.
C．Some people get up early to watch the sunrise.
D．Europeans eat 365 grapes on New Year’s Day.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“or saying special things on the first day of the new year”可知，如果想要在新的一年里避开霉运，行好运，新年那天，朋友间要彼此讲一些特别的事情，故B项正确。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2019·四川棠湖中学高一下期中)
How to Help Children Learn from Their Mistakes
Everyone makes mistakes.??24?? As parents，it’s our duty to help our children learn from their mistakes.Turning a mistake into a learning experience will help your child grow and mature.Here are some tips for helping children learn from their mistakes.
Explain exactly what the mistake is.It’s important to make your child accept the fact that he made a mistake.Talk with your child and help him exactly understand what he did is not right.??25?? Never imagine he knows；always talk over the problem clearly and thoroughly.
Ask your child to make an apology if his mistakes hurt others.This step takes a mistake that is connected with another person even further.??26?? By making your child go to see and talk with the person who was hurt，he will more fully understand the results of the mistake and learn from that bad experience.
Offer suggestions in different ways to lead your child to avoid making the same mistakes again.You can choose to share your personal examples if you had the same problem before.??27?? He may not want to do exactly the same thing，but it will get him to start in the right direction.
??28?? Having your child try to work through the problem and know how to deal with it on his own will help develop his reasoning skills，which is good for his self-development.In this way，he will know what he should do if a similar situation appears in the future.
A．Tell your child how you deal with the problem.
B．Children need to learn the results of their mistakes.
C．Praise him if he fully understands the mistake he made.
D．Now it’s time to help him properly correct mistakes.
E．Encourage your child to find a way to deal with the problem alone.
F．Learning from mistakes is what makes us become better people.
G．Sometimes a child fails to know why the things he did are wrong.
语篇解读 本文属于说明文，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们介绍了如何帮助孩子从错误中学习，以及从错误中学习什么才能使我们成为更好的人。
24．答案 F
解析 根据后文“...it’s our duty to help our children learn from their mistakes.Turning a mistake into a learning experience will help your child grow and mature.”可知，F项(从错误中学习使我们成为更好的人)符合语境。故选F。
25．答案 G
解析 根据后文“Never imagine he knows; always talk over the problem clearly and thoroughly.”可知，G项(有时一个孩子不知道为什么他做的事情是错误的)符合语境。故选G。
26．答案 B
解析 根据后文“...he will more fully understand the results of the mistake and learn from that bad experience.”可知，B项(孩子们需要了解他们错误的后果)符合语境。故选B。
27．答案 A
解析 根据前文“You can choose to share your personal examples if you had the same problem before.”及后文中的“He may not want to do exactly the same thing”可知，A项(告诉你的孩子你是如何解决这个问题的)符合语境。故选A。
28．答案 E
解析 根据后文“Having your child try to work through the problem and know how to deal with it on his own will help develop his reasoning skills...”可知，E项(鼓励你的孩子自己找到解决问题的方法)符合语境。故选E。
Period Two Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking—Language points
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．former adj.以前的；(两者中)前者的
2．prevent vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠
3．investigate vi.& vt.调查；研究
4．attempt vt.& n．企图；试图；尝试
5．creatively adv.创造性地；有创造力地→creative adj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→create v．创造；创建
6．preserve vt.保护；保存；维持 n．保护区→preservation n．保护；维护；保存
7．promote vt.促进；提升；推销；晋级→promotion n．提升；提拔；晋升
8．application n．申请(表)；用途；运用；应用(程序)→apply v．申请；应用→applicant n．申请人
9．balance n．平衡；均匀 vt.使平衡→balanced adj.平衡的
10．proposal n．提议；建议→propose v．提议；建议；打算①
11．limit n．限度；限制 vt.限制；限定→limited adj.有限的→limitation n．限制；局限
12．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；捐助→contribution n．捐款；贡献；捐赠→contributor n．捐献者；投稿人
13．conduct n．行为；举止；管理方法vt.组织；安排；带领→conductor n．列车长；售票员；指挥
14．donate vt.捐赠；赠送；献(血)→donation n．捐赠→donor n．捐赠者
15．disappear vi.消失；灭绝；消亡→appear v．出现②
掌握规律 巧记单词
①propose v.提议；建议；打算＋al→proposal n.提议；建议
如：approval赞成 arrival 到达
②dis＋appear v.出现→?反义词?disappear v.消失；灭绝；消亡
如：dishonest不诚实 disorder无秩序；混乱 disapprove不赞成 dislike不喜欢
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．take?part?in参与(某事)；参加(某活动)
2．give?way?to让步；屈服
3．keep?balance保持平衡
4．lead?to导致
5．make?a?proposal提出建议
6．turn?to向……求助
7．prevent...from...阻止；不准
8．donate...to...向……捐赠……
9．make?sure确保；设法保证
10．in?the?1950s在二十世纪五十年代
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．if引导的条件状语从句
Economic development is necessary if?we?want?to?improve?society.
要想改善社会，经济发展是必要的。
2．There 引导完全倒装结构；when引导定语从句
There?comes?a?time?when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
3．not only...but also...不但……而且……
Not?only?had?the?countries?found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past，but?they?had?also?learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.
这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。
重点词汇
By studying old photos of the former palace，they have made the new one look exactly like the old one.通过研究以前宫殿的旧照片，他们把新宫殿做的和旧宫殿完全一样。
?former adj.以前的；(两者中)前者的
the former前者
the former...the latter...前者……，后者……
(1)Only when our theory combines with practice can the former become a reliable knowledge.
只有当理论与实践相结合时，它才能变成可靠的知识。
(2)He introduced the two men to her.The?former was an engineer and the?latter was a doctor.
他把这两人介绍给她。前者是一位工程师，后者是一名医生。
preserve vt.保护；保存；维持 n.保护区
※preserve...from/against...保护……免受……
※preservation n.维护；保护；保养
(1)We have taken effective measures to preserve our natural resources.
我们已经采取有效措施来保护我们的自然资源。
(2)They were determined to preserve their leader from/against harm.
他们决心保护领导人不受伤害。
(3)At that time it was difficult to have one’s body preserved(preserve) after his or her death.
在那个时候，一个人死后很难保存自己的身体。
(4)It had been decided that the boat would remain in its tomb for preservation(preserve)．
已经决定这艘船将留在古墓中保存。
A group of high school students who are taking part in an international youth camp at Mount Tai are creating...一群正在泰山参加国际青年营的高中生正在创造……
?take part in参与(某事)；参加(某活动)
(1)I took part in an English speech contest.I have a lot of harvest in this contest.我参加了一次英语演讲比赛。这次比赛让我有了很多的收获。
[易混辨析] take part in，join，join in，attend
※take part in参加(群众性活动、会议等)，往往指参加者持积极态度，起一份作用。
A great number of students took part in May 4 Movement.大批学生参加了五四运动。
※加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体用join，如果要表示“加入他人的行列一道从事某项活动”，则要用join sb.?in sth.?。
He will never forget the day when he joined the Party.他永远也忘不了他入党的那一天。
※说参加某种活动用join in，多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语。如说“与某人一起做某事”，则用join sb.?in sth.?/doing sth.?。
Why didn’t you join in the activity last night?你为什么昨晚不参加活动？
Our headmaster will join us in the discussion this afternoon.校长今天下午要参加我们的讨论。
※attend是正式用语，及物动词。指参加会议或仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼、上课、上学、听报告等，强调的是发生这一动作的本身，而不强调参加者在活动中起的作用。
He’ll attend an important meeting tomorrow.
他明天要参加一个重要会议。
[选词填空] take part in，join，join in，attend
(2)All the students took?part?in the thorough cleaning yesterday.
(3)I attended almost every lecture and seminar when I was at college.
(4)It is three years since he joined the army.
(5)Do you know how many of them joined?in the research project?
There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
?give way to让步；屈服
in the/one’s way挡路
in a way从某一角度；在某种程度上
make one’s way to前往……
(1)Be prepared to stop if signalled to do so and give way to emergency vehicles.
随时准备按指示停车并给紧急服务车辆让路。
(2)In?a?way，I’m glad you made that mistake，for it will serve as a warning to you.在某种程度上说，你犯那个错误我倒感到高兴，因为它可以为你敲一下警钟。
(3)Mrs Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children are always in?the?way whenever she tries to.史密斯太太发现很难收拾那些乱七八糟的东西，因为每当她试图要做的时候她的孩子们总是妨碍她。
(4)Though it was raining hard，he made?his?way?to school.尽管雨下得很大，他还是朝学校赶去。
Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge.在社会进步和文化遗址的保护之间找到并保持适当的平衡可能是一个巨大的挑战。
?balance n．平衡；均匀 vt.使平衡
※keep/lose ?one’s? balance保持/失去平衡
※balance...against权衡，比较
※balanced adj.平衡的；和谐的；安定的
(1)Riding a bike helps develop a child’s sense of balance.骑自行车有助于培养孩子的平衡感。
(2)Before making the final decision，you’d better balance the advantages against the disadvantages.在作出最后决定之前，你最好权衡利弊。
(3)A balanced(balance) diet provides nutrition for your body.
均衡的饮食为你的身体提供营养。
But the proposal led to protests.但这项提议引发了抗议。
?proposal n．提议；建议
※make a proposal提出建议
the proposal to do...做……的建议
※propose v．提议；建议；推荐；计划
propose doing...建议做……
propose that sb.?/sth.?(should) do...建议……
(1)The government postponed the new proposal because a lot of people were opposed to it.
政府推迟了这个新的提案，因为很多人反对它。
(2)His proposal to?put(put) off the meeting was rejected the day before yesterday.
他的关于延期开会的提议前天被否决了。
(3)He proposed changing(change) the name of the company.他建议更改公司的名称。
(4)I proposed that we (should)?hold(hold) a meeting next week.
＝I made?a?proposal that we (should)?hold a meeting next week.(proposal)
我提出了我们下个星期开会的建议。
?lead to导致(to为介词)
lead sb.?to do...使某人做……
lead sb.?to...引导某人到……
lead the way带路
lead sb.?by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走
(5)Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness.
过度的劳累加上太少的休息常使人得病。
(6)Tom’s anxiety to succeed led him to?work(work) hard.汤姆对成功的渴望使他努力工作。
(7)We can lead her by the nose；she has no will of her own.
我们可以牵着她的鼻子走，因为她没有主见。
(8)根据汉语提示填空
With him leading?the?way(带路)，we got there without any difficulty.But for him，we would have been lost，which would lead?to(导致) serious consequences.His action led?us?to?believe (使我们相信) that he was our true friend.
Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics...来自大坝的水很可能会破坏许多寺庙和文物……
?likely adv.可能地 adj.可能的
It is likely that...可能……
be likely to do...可能做……
(1)What will likely happen if one has a positive attitude?
如果一个人有积极的态度，可能会发生什么呢？
(2)Studies show that people are more likely to?suffer(suffer) from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.研究表明人们如果总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前面就更有可能出现背部问题。
[句型转换]
(3)They are likely to be fired by the company because of their fault.
→It is likely that they will be fired by the company because of their fault.
After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem，and citizens who lived near the dam，the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.在听取了研究这个问题的科学家和住在大坝附近的居民的意见后，政府于1959年求助于联合国。
?turn to向……求助；转向；致力于；翻到；查阅
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中turn to的汉语意思
(1)At last，I will be on my own，but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.
求助于
(2)It is time he turned his mind to more serious problems.转向
(3)Open your books，turn to page 21，read Part B carefully，then finish it with the correct words from the box.翻到
(4)Don’t always turn to the dictionary when you come to a new word.查阅
turn down调小；拒绝
turn up调大；出现
turn out结果是；证明是
turn away拒绝……入内；把……打发走
turn over移交；打翻
(5)Tom had to turn?down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
上个周末，汤姆不得不拒绝参加聚会的邀请，因为他太忙了。
(6)The local police turned him over to the FBI under pressure.
迫于压力当地警方将他移交给了联邦调查局。
A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics.一个委员会成立了，用来限制对埃及建筑的破坏和防止文物丢失。
?limit n．限度；限制 v．限制；限定
※set a limit on限制……
beyond the limit超过限度
There is a/no limit to...对……是有限的/无限的。
※limit...to...把……限定在……范围内
※limited adj.有限的
(1)Within the limit of legal rights，persons are free to do what they like.
在法权范围内，人可以自由地做他们喜欢做的事。
(2)Life is limited(limit)，but there is no limit to serving(serve) the people.
人的生命是有限的，但是为人民服务是无限的。
(3)We must set a limit on the expense of the trip.
我们必须对此次旅游费用设定一个限额。
?prevent v．阻止；阻碍；阻挠
prevent sb.??from? doing...阻止某人做……
stop sb.??from? doing...阻止某人做……
keep sb.?from doing...阻止某人做……
(4)Although the causes of cancer are being uncovered，we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.虽然癌症的病因正被逐步揭开，但我们尚未有任何切实可行的办法来预防它。
(5)The laws protect everyone here from being?attacked(attack)．
法律保护这里的每个人不受攻击。
[句型转换]
(6)She prevented the boy climbing the tree yesterday.
→The boy was prevented from climbing the tree yesterday.
注意：在主动语态中，prevent/stop sb.?from doing sth.?中的from可省去，意思不变。但keep sb.?from doing sth.?中的from不能省(若省去，则译成“让某人一直干某事”)。在被动语态中，三个短语中的from都不能省略。
The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the international community.该组织要求各个部门捐款，并在国际社会内部筹集资金。
?contribution n．捐献；贡献；捐赠
※make a contribution/contributions to对……做出贡献；捐款
※contribute v．捐献；贡献；投稿；导致
contribute...to...把……贡献给……
contribute to有助于；导致；把(时间)投入到……；捐款；投稿
(1)He has made an important contribution to the company’s success.
他对公司的成功做出了重要的贡献。
(2)The government should honor the engineer for the contribution(contribute) he has made to the city’s development.政府应该尊重这位工程师对城市发展所做的贡献。
(3)We hope your suggestion will contribute to solving(solve) the problem.
我们希望你的建议有助于解决这个问题。
(4)The volunteers contribute their own time to the project so they deserve to be praised.志愿者为工程奉献出自己的时间，因此他们值得表扬。
Experts investigated the issue，conducted several tests，and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved.专家们对这个问题进行了调查，组织了几次试验，然后就如何拯救这些建筑提出了建议。
?conduct v．组织；安排；带领 n．行为；举止；管理方法
※conduct sb.?to sp.带领某人去某地
conduct oneself举止，表现
conduct an experiment做实验
※conductor n．指挥；列车长；售票员；导体
(1)We ask you to conduct an investigation into the matter and reply to us.我们要求你们对此事进行调查并对我们作出答复。
(2)He conducted?himself in a most gracious manner at the party.
他在晚会上表现得极为温文尔雅。
(3)“Move along，please，” said the bus conductor(conduct)．
“请往里走走，”公共汽车售票员说。
Fifty countries donated nearly $80 million to the project.
50个国家向该项目捐赠了近8 000万美元。
?donate v．捐赠；赠送；献(血)
※donate sth.?to...把某物捐献给……
※donation n．捐款；捐赠(物)
make/give/present a donation to向……捐赠
※donor n．捐赠者；献血者
(1)He made an appeal to other leaders to donate to the cause.
他呼吁其他领导人为这项事业捐款。
(2)All donated(donate) blood is tested for HIV and other infections.所有捐献的血液都要进行艾滋病毒和其他感染的检测。
(3)Doctors removed the healthy kidney from the donor(donate) and transplanted it to the patient.
医生从捐献者体内取出了健康的肾脏移植到了病人身上。
[一句多译]
(4)她捐了五千美元给儿童医院。
①She donated $5,000 to the Children’s Hospital.(donate)
②She made/gave/presented?a?donation of $5,000 to the Children’s Hospital.(donation)
Why did the Egyptian government want to attempt the building of the dam？埃及政府为什么要尝试修建大坝？
?attempt v．& n．企图；试图；尝试
※attempt to do/(at) doing...尝试(试图)做……
※make an attempt to do/(at) doing...尝试做……
at the first attempt第一次尝试
※attempted adj.未遂的
(1)He attempted to escape from the prison，but he couldn’t find anybody to help him.
他试图越狱，但没有找到人帮忙。
(2)I attempted getting/to?get(get) in touch with her，but in vain.
我试图与她取得联系，但是毫无结果。
(3)A man is being questioned in relation to the attempted(attempt) murder last night.一位与昨晚谋杀未遂事件相关的男子正在被审讯。
[句型转换]
(4)They attempted to climb that hill.
→They made an attempt to climb/at climbing that hill.
?worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得花时间的
※It is worthwhile to do/doing...值得做……
※be worth doing...值得做……
be worth＋n.值得……；值……
(1)I think teaching is a worthwhile job.
我认为教学是一项很有意义的工作。
[一句多译]
(2)这家工厂值得参观。
①The?factory?is?worth?visiting/a?visit.(worth)
②It’s?worthwhile?to?visit/visiting?the?factory.(worthwhile)
经典句式
There comes a time when the old must give way to the new，and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
There comes a time...可看成是一种语序倒装形式，即here，there等置于句首且主语是名词时要把谓语动词提到主语前边，也可看成是there be句型的变体，即用其他动词如：come，stand，lie，live，appear等代替be动词。
(1)—What is the weather like this summer here?
—There falls very little rain.
——这儿今年夏天的天气怎样？
——雨量很小。
(2)There?stands?a?tree at the top of the hill.
山顶上有棵树。
(3)Suddenly there?entered?a?strange?man and we were frightened.
突然有一个陌生人进来了，我们感到很害怕。
(4)There?happened?to?be?a?man walking by and we turned to him for help.
碰巧有个人在此经过我们便向他求助了。
注意：在there be句型中，be的单复数采取就近原则，与最近的主语取得一致。
There is a book，two pencil boxes and a bag on the desk.
桌子上有一本书，两个铅笔盒和一个书包。
句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to preserve...。在英语中常用it作形式主语，代替作主语的不定式短语、动名词短语或主语从句。
(5)It is necessary for the young to master two foreign languages.年轻人掌握两门外语是必要的。
(6)The doctor thought it would be good for you to have a holiday.医生认为度假对你有好处。
(7)It doesn’t matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
在这个店里你付现金或者刷信用卡都没关系。
(8)It is no use arguing(argue) with him about this question.就这个问题与他争论是没有用的。
[句型转换]
(9)To finish building the dam took the workers almost three years.
→It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.
Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past，but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow.这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。
not only...but also...不但……而且……，连接两个平行结构，当连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词要根据but also 后的名词决定单、复数?就近原则?；而且not only连接的句子位于句首时，该句要用部分倒装。
(1)They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory.
他们不仅在课堂上说英语，在宿舍里也说。
(2)Not only does the sun give(give) us light but also it gives us heat.
太阳不仅给了我们阳光，也给了我们热量。
(3)Not only the students but also the teacher was(be) against the plan.
不仅学生们，还有那位老师也反对该项计划。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It is likely that he has been addicted to the drugs.
2．People should preserve children from being hurt.
3．It is thought that every violent storm will eventually give way to sunshine.
4．If you have a balanced(balance) diet，you are getting all the vitamins you need.
5．It is worthwhile to?discuss/discussing(discuss) the problem further，so we shouldn’t give it up.
6．Not far away there is a bridge that can lead him to the tree for more fruit.
7．The length of the article should be?limited(limit) to 400 words or so.
8．His proposal that the system (should)?be?changed(change) was rejected.
9．How does the new clerk conduct himself(he) in our company?
10．All your mother did is to prevent you from being?hurt(hurt) and you should know how to be grateful.
11．We admired the young scientist for his contributions(contribute) to the country.
12．I hope I can pass the driving test at my first attempt.
13．They made a generous donation(donate) to charity and won people’s respect.
14．Of the two，the latter is far better than the former.
15．You can turn to your teacher for help if you have difficulty in study.
Ⅱ.完成句子
16．It’s?a?pity that you missed the exciting football match.
你错过了这场激动人心的足球比赛真是太遗憾了。
17．Not?only?does?he?speak?English correctly，but?also he speaks it fluently.
他不仅英语说得正确，而且还说得流利。
18．There?comes?a?time in every boy’s life when he must take on responsibilities.
在每个男孩的生活中总会出现这样一个时刻，他必须要承担责任。
19．It?is?proposed?that this question (should)?be?discussed at the next meeting.
有人提议在下次会议上讨论这个问题。
20．I think it?is?worthwhile?paying/to?pay attention to the matter in dispute.
我觉得关注这个有争议的问题是值得的。
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．With these forests disappearing，we will lose important species，natural resources and local livelihoods.
2．Tom，you will be attached to this department(部门) until the end of this month.Next month you’ll be rearranged.
3．The company has gone from strength to strength since it was established five years ago.
4．People in the city voted for the lawyer to be the leader of the committee(委员会)，for they thought he could give a correct order of the city.
5．These protests(抗议) have really made the government sit up and take notice.
6．While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty.
7．He mounted(爬上) the stairs and looked around him slowly.
8．Everything in the house seemed old and untouched，like relics of an ancient time.
9．My hobby offers me an opportunity to do something interesting and creative(有创造性的)．
10．The project is jointly funded(提供资金) by several local departments.
Ⅱ.选词填空
take part in；keep balance；lead to；make a proposal；turn to；prevent...from...；donate...to...；make sure
11．If you see a traffic accident，make?sure to write down the licence of the car.
12．They used to donate a large sum of money to the Red Cross every year.
13．Many more policemen should be sent to prevent them from hunting some endangered animals.
14．He has made?a?proposal that she should take a rest for a while.
15．Not knowing how to conduct himself，he turned?to his teacher for help.
16．The company is closing down two of its factories，leading?to 430 job losses.
17．It was so difficult for me to learn skating，because I could not keep?balance and fell down over and over again.
18．I took?part?in some associations，where I made friends with students who shared the same hobbies.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
19．I wish all our donated(donate) money and our love will fly to Sichuan very soon，to help the victims very soon.
20．It was the first time that I had?conducted(conduct) business in Brazil.
21．The school sees its job as preparing students to make a contribution(contribute) to society.
22．She said his death was a great loss(lose) to her and she was in deep sorrow.
23．I will help as much as I can，but there is a limit to what I can do.
24．The poor are more likely to?run(run) their own business than the rest of us.
25．We propose making(make) a decision until next month.
26．There were over 500 applicants(apply) for the job，so the competition was fierce.
27．We are working for the preservation(preserve) of the environment.
28．He made an attempt to pass the exam，but it was too difficult.
Ⅳ.单句写作
29．有人建议应该立刻维修这座桥。(It is proposed that...)
It?is?proposed?that?the?bridge?should?be?repaired?at?once.
30．他是否来还不明确。(it用作形式主语)
It?is?not?clear?whether?he?will?come.
31．Brian在音乐方面很有天赋，他很有可能成为一个贝多芬。(it is likely that...)
Brian?has?a?gift?for?music；it?is?likely?that?he?will?be?a?Beethoven.
32．在你去之前预约一下是值得的。(worthwhile)
It’s?worthwhile?to?make/making?an?appointment?before?you?go.
能力提升
Ⅴ.阅读理解
(2019·湖北三市高一下期末)
Can you imagine digging in your yard one day and finding a life-sized soldier made completely of clay? That’s what happened several decades ago when farmers in Xi’an，China，were digging wells.
Archaeologists have since found about 6,000 more of these soldiers，along with horses，weapons，tools，and other artifacts(手工艺品)．The huge army was meant to protect the tomb of the first ruler of China.The first emperor of China，Qin Shihuang，accomplished a huge amount during his rule.Between 221 and 210 B．C.，he started the construction of the Great Wall.He built a large network of roads.He introduced a new writing system，currency(货币)，and a set of measurements.The emperor also ordered the construction of a huge army of life-sized terracotta soldiers.These，he hoped，would protect his tomb after his death.
The soldiers in Xi’an’s terracotta museum are today light brown，but they weren’t always.They began as an army of red，blue，yellow，green，white，and purple.Sadly，most of the colors did not last to the present day.After being exposed to air during excavation(挖掘)，the coating under the paint began to fall off.The paint disappeared in less time than it takes to boil an egg，taking with it important pieces of history.
Now new techniques are starting to reveal the army’s true colors.Archaeologists have recently discovered an area with more than a hundred soldiers.Many of these still have their painted features，including black hair，pink faces，and black or brown eyes.Chinese and German researchers have developed a special liquid to help preserve the soldiers’ colors.After they find a soldier or other artifacts，archaeologists spray it with the liquid.They then cover it in plastic.Archaeologists are also finding colors in the dirt around the soldiers.It’s important not to disturb the dirt，so the colors won’t be lost.“We are treating the earth as an artifact，”says archaeologist Rong Bo，the museum’s leading chemist.The next challenge，says Rong，is to find a way to apply the colors to the army again.Once that happens，artists can bring Emperor Qin’s army back to life in full，vivid color.
33．The terracotta soldiers were constructed to ????????.
A．show the outside world about China’s greatness
B．be enjoyed by everyday people
C．frighten China’s enemies
D．protect Emperor Qin’s tomb
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由第二段第二、三句“The huge army was meant to protect the tomb of the first ruler of China.The first emperor of China，Qin Shihuang...”可知，兵马俑就是为了保护秦始皇的墓。故选D。
34．What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A．The soldiers lost their colors very quickly.
B．The soldiers’ paint fell off because of the high temperature.
C．Visitors to the museum are not actually seeing the real soldiers.
D．Being exposed to water is bad for the soldiers.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段主要讲述了兵马俑颜色的问题。由“After being exposed to air during excavation(挖掘)，the coating under the paint began to fall off.The paint disappeared in less time than it takes to boil an egg，taking with it important pieces of history.”可知，兵马俑的颜色在挖掘期间就迅速消失了。故选A。
35．What have archaeologists recently discovered?
A．A place with over a hundred soldiers.
B．A written description of the soldiers’ true colors.
C．A special liquid in the tomb to preserve the soldiers’ colors.
D．A new tomb for Emperor Qin.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由第四段第二句“Archaeologists have recently discovered an area with more than a hundred soldiers.”可知，考古学家最近发现了一个拥有100多个兵马俑的地方。故选A。
36．Which statement would Rong Bo probably agree with?
A．The soldiers should stay in their current，brown color.
B．Artists should be able to paint the soldiers in any color they want.
C．Archaeologists can only guess at the soldiers’ original colors.
D．We should try to restore the army’s vivid colors.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由第四段最后两句“The next challenge，says Rong，is to find a way to apply the colors to the army again.Once that happens，artists can bring Emperor Qin’s army back to life in full，vivid color.”可知，下个挑战是找到方法使兵马俑重新涂上颜色。故选D。
Ⅵ.完形填空
I take the train to work every morning from a train station near my house.I can get to the station quite easily because there is a short ??37?? to the station.But in summer，it can get quite smelly because of all the ??38??.So I always try to ??39?? through it.Today I was trying to do so as usual ??40?? something made me stop for a moment.I saw the most beautiful ??41?? by an old woman walking in front of me with the help of a white ??42??.
She was short and ??43?? and had white hair.She was walking slowly as each ??44?? took some effort.I hadn’t specially ??45?? her at first，until she stopped near a rubbish bin.
She slowly placed her walking stick ??46?? the rubbish bin.Then she leaned(斜倚着) on it with her right hand.She bent down and ??47?? the rubbish.She clearly found it ??48?? and it took her a while.She picked some rubbish with her left hand and ??49?? straightened(伸直) herself up again.All the while she used the rubbish bin to ??50?? herself.She threw the rubbish inside the bin and then ??51?? walking.It all took her great effort.
There’s so much rubbish and no one ever does ??52?? about it.I was ??53?? to see this old woman make such a great effort to keep even a small part of it ??54??！I haven’t been able to ??55?? thinking about that all day.
I want to follow her ??56??.I’ve decided to pick up rubbish off the ground if I meet from now on.I hope people will do the same as I do.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。一位老人即使身体虚弱、走路不便，依然把地上的垃圾捡起扔到垃圾桶里，而作者很讨厌垃圾的气味却什么都没做。看到老人的举动，作者深受触动，决定以后看到地上的垃圾就捡起来。
37．A.ending B．zone
C．cut D．entrance
答案 C
解析 根据设空前的“I can get to the station quite easily”可知，“我”到达车站很容易，因为有一条近路。a short cut捷径，故选C项。
38．A.rubbish B．boxes
C．bottles D．mosquitoes
答案 A
解析 根据该空前面的smelly一词的提示和下文多次出现的rubbish可知，夏天垃圾会发出臭味，故选A项。
39．A.walk B．pass
C．go D．rush
答案 D
解析 根据前文可知，这个地方在夏天的时候垃圾会发出难闻的气味，所以按照常理判断，作者为了尽快离开这个区域，肯定会跑或冲过去，故选D项。
40．A.while B．until
C．when D．because
答案 C
解析 根据句中的“was trying”可知，此处应用when，构成be doing sth.?when...结构，表示“正在做某事，这时突然……”。
41．A.signal B．act
C．mark D．sign
答案 B
解析 signal信号；act行为；mark标记；sign迹象。根据第三段的描述可知，老人费力地捡起垃圾扔进了垃圾箱，这个行为让“我”感触颇深，故选B项。
42．A.bike B．stick
C．dog D．umbrella
答案 B
解析 根据第三段中的“She slowly placed her walking stick”可知，老人走路的时候需要依靠拐杖，故选B项。
43．A.weak B．fancy
C．local D．merciful
答案 A
解析 weak虚弱的；fancy奇特的；local当地的；merciful仁慈的。根据句中的“had white hair”以及下一句中的“She was walking slowly”可判断，老人走路困难、身体不好，所以此处应指“虚弱的”。故选A项。
44．A.walk B．bend
C．stop D．step
答案 D
解析 根据语境可知，老人拄着拐杖，走路也很慢，所以她每走一步应该都很费劲，故选D项。
45．A.watched B．seen
C．glared D．noticed
答案 D
解析 watch观看，注视；see看见；glare怒目而视；notice注意。根据前文对老人的描述可知，此处表示直到老人停在垃圾桶旁边时，“我”才注意到她。故选D项。
46．A.in B．around
C．against D．under
答案 C
解析 根据语境可知，老人把拐杖靠着垃圾桶放才能立着。against倚着，靠着。
47．A.searched for B．looked for
C．reached for D．hunted for
答案 C
解析 search for搜寻；look for寻找；reach for伸手拿/够；hunt for搜寻。根据后文的“She picked some rubbish with her left hand”可知，老人弯腰是为了捡垃圾，故选C项。
48．A.unable B．difficult
C．different D．impossible
答案 B
解析 unable不能的；difficult困难的；different不同的；impossible不可能的。根据前文的描述可知，老人走路和弯腰都很困难，故选B项。
49．A.slowly B．swiftly
C．simply D．briefly
答案 A
解析 slowly慢慢地；swiftly迅速地；simply简单地；briefly短暂地，简洁地。根据前文的语境可知，老人捡垃圾很困难，所以她伸直身体应该是比较缓慢的，故选A项。
50．A.protect B．help
C．support D．sink
答案 C
解析 protect保护；help帮助；support支撑；sink下沉。根据语境可知，老人捡垃圾的时候没有拄拐杖，所以她靠着垃圾桶支撑自己的身体，故选C项。
51．A.continued B．started
C．enjoyed D．explored
答案 A
解析 continue继续；start开始；enjoy享受；explore探索。根据语境可知，老人把垃圾扔到垃圾桶里以后继续走，故选A项。
52．A.something B．anything
C．good D．effort
答案 B
解析 根据语境可知，地上有很多垃圾，但是没有人对此采取任何行动，故选B项。
53．A.frightened B．moved
C．removed D．shocked
答案 B
解析 frightened害怕的；moved感动的；removed移除的；shocked震惊的。根据后文的“such a great effort to keep even a small part”以及最后一段可知，老人费了很大劲做的事情触动了“我”。故选B项。
54．A.busy B．beautiful
C．dirty D．clean
答案 D
解析 老人捡起垃圾是为了让地上保持干净，故选D项。
55．A.keep B．stop
C．mind D．select
答案 B
解析 根据前后文的语境可知，老人这个简单的举动对“我”的触动很大，所以应该是一整天都在想这件事情，故选B项。
56．A.protection B．reality
C．example D．style
答案 C
解析 protection保护；reality现实；example榜样；style风格。根据该空后的“I’ve decided to pick up rubbish off the ground if I meet from now on.”可知，老人的行为为“我”树立了榜样，故选C项。
Ⅶ.语法填空
Local 57.????????????(official) in Beijing promised to further protect the city’s cultural heritage，in particular the narrow streets known as hutongs.
Hutongs are 58.??????????(common) found in the cities of North China，but they are in danger.Beijing is nowadays believed to have fewer than 1,000 hutongs，most of 59.?????????? are near the Forbidden City.Only 60 years ago，the number of the hutongs 60.????????(be) 3,250.
“Usually more than 100,000 people visit the Forbidden City during the National Day holidays.The visits put pressure on the 61.????????????(protect) of cultural relics，” said Huang Yan，director of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning,62.????????????(add) that hutongs should be protected from human damage.
The government concentrated 63.???????????? how the protection plans were carried out.Wang Shaofeng，head of the Xicheng District Government，said the area has 182 cultural relics,64.???????????? many of them were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty.The district of Xicheng has 1.28 million residents in its 50.7 square kilometers of land.“The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the possibility of causing harm to the heritage，” Wang said.“Each community has been required 65.????????????(report) the status of its cultural heritage.”
No one knows for sure how many hutongs 66.????????????(leave) in the coming 100 years.
57．答案 officials
解析 考查名词复数。空前没有冠词修饰，且此处表示不止一位官员，故应用名词复数形式。
58．答案 commonly
解析 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词are found，作状语，应用副词形式。
59．答案 which
解析 考查关系代词。设空处指代先行词hutongs，引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作介词of的宾语，故用which引导。
60．答案 was
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语“60 years ago”可知，应用一般过去时；且主语为“the number of the hutongs”，所以填was。
61．答案 protection
解析 考查词性转换。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，设空处应用名词。
62．答案 adding
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，Huang Yan与add之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
63．答案 on
解析 考查介词。concentrate on意为“集中注意力于”，为固定搭配。
64．答案 and
解析 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用连词；且根据语境可知，应用and。
65．答案 to report
解析 考查非谓语动词。require sb.?to do sth.?要求某人做某事，为固定用法，此处是其被动形式be required to do sth.?。
66．答案 will be left
解析 考查时态和语态。根据时间状语“in the coming 100 years”可知，应用一般将来时；且hutongs与leave之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。
单元检测卷(一)
选择题部分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What do we know about the watch?
A．The watch was not worth that much.
B．The price was reasonable.
C．It cost the woman $40.
2．What is the dog’s name?
A．Scott.
B．Michael.
C．Robert.
3．What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A．The man’s watch.
B．The man’s brother.
C．The man’s birthday.
4．What color was the woman’s couch?
A．Yellow. B．Brown. C．Purple.
5．Why does the man come to the woman?
A．To take a picture of her.
B．To ask for a new ID card.
C．To fill out a form.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is the woman doing?
A．Asking for help.
B．Making an apology.
C．Giving some advice.
7．What does the man ask the woman to do?
A．Be more careful.
B．Buy a new glass.
C．Clean up the room.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What do we know about the writer?
A．He can move fast.
B．He was born disabled.
C．He will travel around the world.
9．How does the man find the writer?
A．Encouraging. B．Strange. C．Stupid.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．When will the next course start?
A．Next Monday.
B．Next Friday.
C．Next Saturday.
11．How many students are there in the class usually?
A．6. B．9. C．15.
12．When does the school open on weekends?
A．At 7∶00 am.
B．At 8∶00 am.
C．At 9∶00 am.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What was the man doing?
A．Looking at an interesting picture.
B．Watching a funny video.
C．Reporting a nice story.
14．What happened to the news reporter?
A．He hit a big tree.
B．He had a car accident.
C．He was attacked by bees.
15．What’s the weather like today?
A．Sunny. B．Windy. C．Cloudy.
16．What will the man do next?
A．Listen to the music.
B．Surf the website.
C．Go to the park.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Which is the best season to visit the park?
A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Winter.
18．What will the tourists do in the morning?
A．Go boating.
B．Go fishing.
C．Visit the valley.
19．What is the best-loved activity in the park?
A．Having a picnic.
B．Fishing.
C．Boating.
20．How will the tourists get to the entrance of the valley?
A．On foot. B．By bus. C．By bike.
答案 1.A 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.B 9．A 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.C 17．A 18.C 19.A 20.B
?听力材料
Text 1
M：What a nice watch! How much did it cost?
W：Four hundred dollars.A little more than its real worth.
Text 2
W：I like the names Scott and Michael.
M：I don’t think our boy should be named Scott.That is our dog’s name.How does Robert sound?
Text 3
W: Your Apple watch is very beautiful.Where did you buy it?
M: Actually I didn’t buy it.It is a gift from my brother.He gave me on my 20th birthday.
Text 4
W：I’m going to buy some new paint for the living room.
M：I thought you loved the yellow color.
W：I liked it when I had a purple couch，but now my furniture is brown and it makes the wall look ugly.
Text 5
M：I lost my ID card.What do I do to replace it?
W：Fill out your name and social security number on this form，and stand behind that line.I’ll take your picture here.
M：OK.I’m ready.
W：I’ll print you the new ID card in about a minute.
Text 6
W：Sorry，Kevin.I am sorry for breaking your glass.I was tidying up your desk.
M：You’re supposed to be more careful.
W：I’m on duty today.I’m really sorry.I’ll pay for it and try to be more careful in the future.
M：There is no need to pay，but be sure you’re more careful from now on.
W：I will.Sorry again.
Text 7
W：What are you reading?
M：It is a book written by a guy who was born without arms or legs.
W：What? So，how does he get around?
M：He can actually walk pretty well，but he can’t move that fast.He also has an assistant who helps him.He is actually quite successful.
W：He must have worked pretty hard.
M：Yeah.He travels around the world and gives speeches to young people.He’s changed many people’s lives.Even when nothing seemed possible，he stayed positive and put in even more effort.
Text 8
W：Hello，School of English Studies.
M：Hello，I saw your advertisement in the newspaper.Can you give me some information，please?
W：Yes，of course.What would you like to know?
M：Well，first，how long are the courses?
W：They are 6 or 9 months long and the next course begins next Monday.
M：How many students will there be in the class? Not too many，I hope.
W：Usually，there are 15.We find that a good number.
M：OK.Now，I saw the price of the course in the newspaper，but will I have to pay for anything else?
W：Only for the textbook，which costs twelve pounds ninety-nine.
M：I see.When can I come and pay?
W：Well，the school is open from 8 am to 7 pm on Monday to Friday and on Saturdays from 9 am to 1 pm.
M：OK.I see.Well，thank you very much.Goodbye.
Text 9
W：Are you looking at some funny pictures? You have been laughing all this time.
M：I was watching a video on YouTube.It was really funny.
W：What’s it about?
M：It was a news reporter，reporting a story about an old man who lives under a big tree.
W：How could that be funny?
M：Well，as he was reporting the story，hundreds of bees attacked him.The reporter had to dive into his SUV and drive away.But he was unlucky.
W：Did he have an accident?
M：No.some bees followed him into his car.
W：I hope he got to the doctor’s quickly.Jack，how about a walk in the park? It is a beautiful day today.
M：But I don’t feel like walking outside now.There are so many funny videos on this website.I just can’t stop watching them.
W：Come on，Jack.You can’t sit in front of the laptop all day.It is not good for your eyes.
M：You are right.I will go to the park with you.
Text 10
Welcome to our park.My name is Linda.I am very glad to be your guide today.You have made a right choice to be here in spring，the best time of the year，because summer is a bit hot，and winter is too cold.Our park is famous for its 20-kilometer long valley.It is home to thousands of plants and animals.For today’s tour，we have a 50-minute valley walk in the morning.You will see beautiful flowers and strange rocks.Animal lovers can also have a close view of different wildlife.In the afternoon，you will have a chance to experience some interesting activities，such as boating and fishing.If you like，you may have a picnic by the lake，the best-loved activity in our park.Now，let’s get on the bus and go to the entrance of the valley.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 (共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Nowadays，the Internet is usually one of the first places a lonely heart turns to as the following story shows.
A 63-year-old retired woman in Zhengzhou，made headlines two days after she posted an advertisement on her WeChat(微信) page，in which she said she wanted to find a young female companion for a trip to Sanya，China’s Southern Hainan island，a local newspaper Dahe Daily reported.In the advertisement，the Chinese dama (Chinese term for middle-aged and elderly women) surnamed(a person’s last name) Li said she is in good health，and she was particularly looking forward to a sea trip this winter.
“I have a daughter who works in Canada，and I don’t want to disturb her.My husband rarely has time to travel with me.But I’m afraid of traveling alone，so I am looking for a sweet，happy young woman，aged between 19 and 25 to travel with me.Hope she could chat with me，take photos with me.”At the end of the advertisement，Dama Li showed her sincerity by saying she would be responsible for all the costs of the trip，including accommodation(膳宿) and air tickets，plus an iPhone 7 as a gift.Dama Li told Dahe Daily that she did not expect her advertisement to receive so much attention.“My phone keeps buzzing all the time.” However，some people question the truth of Li’s advertisement.They say it might be organized by travel agencies aiming to promote Sanya tourism，or even served as a promotional advertisement for real estate(房地产)on the island.Li denied those doubts and said all she wants is just to find a sweet “daughter”．
But Li’s advertisement for a daughter has also received as many online mockeries(嘲笑) as positive feedback.
语篇解读 郑州一大妈征“女儿”陪旅游，免费玩三亚并送iPhone 7。只因女儿移居加拿大，老伴没时间陪她。黎大妈的“招聘”信息发布后，立刻引起了众多网友的围观和热议。
21．Which girl may meet Dama Li’s requirements?
A．A girl aged 20 who wants to travel very much but has little money.
B．A girl student aged 18 who is very interested in an iPhone 7.
C．An airsick girl aged 21 who wants to take a train trip to travel.
D．A girl aged 22 who wants to travel alone to Sanya.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“...so I am looking for a sweet，happy young woman，aged between 19 and 25 to travel with me.Hope she could chat with me，take photos with me.”以及“At the end of the advertisement，...including accommodation(膳宿) and air tickets，plus an iPhone 7 as a gift.”可知，她在朋友圈里发信息征“女儿”陪旅游，对“女儿”的年龄要求是19岁至25岁之间。不仅免费玩三亚还送iPhone 7。故选A。
22．Dama Li wants to find a girl to go with her on a trip because ????????.
A．her own daughter has to stay home to work
B．her husband only cares about his work
C．it is easy for a lonely person to find a companion through the Internet
D．she doesn’t want to travel alone but no other family members are free
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I have a daughter who works in Canada，and I don’t want to disturb her.My husband rarely has time to travel with me.But I’m afraid of traveling alone，so I am looking for a sweet，happy young woman...”可知，老人女儿移民到了加拿大，老伴没有时间陪她，无奈之下，她才想到找人陪伴旅游的。故选D。
23．What’s the writer’s tone in writing about this event?
A．Objective. B．Subjective.
C．Negative. D．Positive.
答案 A
解析 观点态度题。根据文章内容可知作者是在客观的报道：郑州一大妈在朋友圈里发信息征“女儿”陪旅游，不仅免费玩三亚还送iPhone 7的事情。objective客观的；subjective 主观的；negative 消极的；positive 积极的。故选A。
B
Each year there are at least five million people around the world who develop serious flu (流感)，and almost half a million deaths.When someone we know gets the flu virus，we expect them to be very careful not to pass it on to others.Doctors and nurses working with flu patients also need to protect themselves from the virus.But what is the best way to do this? This is the question that flu expert Professor Jonathan Van-Tam at Nottingham University is trying to answer.He wants to find out how flu is transmitted，so that he can stop doctors and nurses getting sick.
Van-Tam explains their method，“There are 41 volunteers in my experiment.Some healthy volunteers are made to get flu first.When they show symptoms (症状)，other volunteers，usually called recipients(接受者)，enter the house.Everyone lives together in the small space for four days.Some of the recipients wear face masks，and wash their hands every 15 minutes，but some have no protection.In this way we can study who catches the flu and which ways of transmitting flu are important.During the four days when they are in contact with the virus，and for the ten days after that，the flu recipients are checked regularly.”
The experiment is not simple and it is very expensive.It is difficult to design correctly，and it is also difficult to plan and carry out.Just one study like this takes about 18 months to organize and needs hundreds of people working on it.But Van-Tam believes it is worth because the results will help to decide what type of protection is needed for people working in hospitals with large numbers of flu patients around the world.And perhaps it could reduce the number of deaths from flu each year.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了流感专家乔纳森为了验证流感如何传染，而进行了一项复杂的实验。尽管很难，但是乔纳森认为这项实验很值得。
24．Which word can replace the underlined word “transmitted” in Paragraph 1?
A．Solved. B．Passed.
C．Formed. D．Stopped.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“When someone we know gets the flu virus，we expect them to be very careful not to pass it on to others.”可知，transmit意为“传递”。故选B。
25．What is the main purpose of this study?
A．To test the medicines for people who develop serious flu.
B．To find the best way to protect doctors and nurses from the flu.
C．To reduce the number of people who die of flu.
D．To find out who gets the flu easily.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段第四句“But Van-Tam believes it is worth because the results will help to decide what type of protection is needed for people working in hospitals with large numbers of flu patients around the world.”可知，Van-Tam相信这项实验的结果将有助于决定在全世界有大量流感患者的医院工作的人们需要何种类型的保护，故选B。
26．According to the text，which of the statements is TRUE?
A．This type of study lasted 18 months.
B．The experiment is neither simple nor expensive.
C．Recipients were divided into at least 2 groups to perform the experiment.
D．Wearing masks was the best way to protect people from getting flu.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第三句“Some of the recipients wear face masks，and wash their hands every 15 minutes，but some have no protection.”可知，recipients(接受者)分为两类：一些戴面具，每十五分钟洗一次手；一些没有任何保护措施。故选C。
C
BRAZIL—The newly-elected president of Brazil，Jair Bolsonaro says that his country should withdraw(退出) from the 2015 Paris Agreement，and that Brazil’s rainforest protections are standing in the way of economic success.During the election campaign，he promised to ease(减缓) protections for areas of the Brazilian Amazon set aside for native people and wildlife.Are Brazil’s rainforests in danger?
The Amazon，the world’s largest rainforest，is called “the lungs of the planet”. Each tree takes in and stores carbon dioxide from the air around it.Billions of trees pull up water through their roots and release water vapor into the air，forming tiny drops of water.The Amazon creates 30 to 50 percent of its own rainfall.Carlos Nobre，a climate scientist，says that it is almost impossible to say just how important the rainforest is to the planet’s living systems.
Some of Bolsonaro’s support comes from business and farming groups.One supporter，Luiz Carlos，noted that farmers “are not invaders，they are producers”. He blamed(责备) the past government for supporting rainforest protections at the cost of farmers.“Brazil，” he said，“will be the biggest farming nation on Earth during Bolsonaro’s years.”
Paulo Artaxo，a professor of environmental physics at the University of Sao Paulo，says that if Bolsonaro keeps his campaign promises，then “deforestation(毁林) of the Amazon will probably increase quickly—and the effects will be felt everywhere on the planet.”
Other scientists warn that if the Amazon and other tropical rainforests lose too many trees，this could affect rainfall in other areas.Without enough trees to support the rainfall，the longer and bigger dry season could turn more than half of the rainforest into a tropical grassland.
语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。报道了巴西新当选的总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗说巴西的热带雨林保护阻碍了经济的发展，以及其引发的对热带雨林保护的关注和不同的看法。
27．According to the passage，rainforests can ????????.
A．produce much farmland
B．examine people’s lungs
C．change the earth’s living system
D．destroy farmers’ crops
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由第二段前四句可知，亚马逊是世界上最大的雨林，被称为“地球之肺”。每棵树吸收并储存周围空气中的二氧化碳。数十亿棵树通过根部吸取水分，并将水蒸气释放到空气中，形成微小的水滴。亚马逊带来了30%到50%的降雨量。由此可以判断出，热带雨林能够改变地球的生态系统。故C选项正确。
28．The first paragraph is intended to ????????.
A．attract the public to the newly-elected president
B．ask people to ease the protection of rainforests
C．draw people’s attention to the disappearing rainforests
D．complain about the new government’s withdrawing
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由第一段的内容可知，巴西新当选的总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗说，巴西应该退出2015年《巴黎协定》，巴西的雨林保护阻碍了经济的成功。在竞选期间，他承诺放宽对巴西亚马逊地区原住民和野生动物的保护。此事引发了疑问“巴西的热带雨林有危险吗？”所以判断出第一段是通过巴西总统的演说来引起人们对正在消失的雨林的关注。故C选项正确。
29．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The new president’s supporters care less about farmers.
B．Scientists are concerned about the protection of rainforests.
C．The rainforests will stop the economic development in Brazil.
D．The past government is to blame for the destruction of rainforests.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。由第四段及第五段的内容可知，科学家们是在警告失去热带雨林的危害性，同时能够判断出科学家们很关注热带雨林的保护，不希望对热带雨林有任何的破坏。故B选项正确。
30．The passage is probably taken from ????????.
A．a newspaper B．a magazine
C．a guidebook D．a textbook
答案 A
解析 文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文最可能出现在报纸上。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For nearly 50 years，Zhao Yuming has been absorbed in his own world of clay figurines(泥塑)．At age 62，Zhao is the only remaining clay sculpture master craftsman in Laoting County，Hebei Province.He has been officially recognised as a master of intangible cultural heritage.??31?? This is more of a responsibility and a source of pressure.
??32?? In ancient times，Laoting clay figurines were mainly children’s toys made by countryside artists.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949，there were several workshops in villages in Laoting County and the production reached a high level，but the prices were too low.??33?? However，for a long period，many clay artists relied on making and selling clay figurines at those poor prices to make ends meet.
Nowadays，shopping malls are full of high-end toys，so the Laoting clay figurines have gradually fallen out of favor.??34?? Zhao said that although his children have other jobs to feed their families，he still wants to pass on his skills to them and his grandchildren.“If we do not pass it on，we will do a disservice to our country.Passing on the skills，honoring ourselves and repaying the country is the best option.”
Facing a demand for economic development，many regions are increasingly attaching importance to the protection of valuable traditional cultural skills.People come to realise that developing our cultural relics promotes the development of local economies.??35??
A．But for him，this is not only an honor.
B．Later，it became known as “literary clay figurines”．
C．Clay figurines were sold for just a few pennies each.
D．Laoting clay sculpture has a nearly 500-year history.
E．Laoting clay sculpture is an important part of Zhao’s life.
F．However，some craftsmen have chosen to continue the tradition.
G．More importantly，it contributes to the goal of building “a beautiful China”．
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了河北省乐亭县的非物质文化遗产泥塑及传承人赵玉明以及乐亭泥塑从古到今的发展历史。因为没有多少经济效益，如今泥塑面临着后继无人的困境，在经济发展的今天，人们逐渐意识到保护和传承传统文化遗产的重要性。
31．答案 A
解析 由此处语境以及空后句中的“a responsibility, a source of pressure”可知A项中的an honor与此呼应，其中的not only与空后句中的more of相对应，故选A项。
32．答案 D
解析 设空处在第二段段首，为该段的主题句，接下来都在介绍泥塑的发展历史，故选D项。
33．答案 C
解析 与设空处上文中的“the prices were too low”相对应的是C项“一个泥塑才卖几分钱”。故选C项。
34．答案 F
解析 设空处上一句提到“如今商场里充满了高档玩具，泥塑逐渐失宠”，下文提到“赵玉明说虽然孩子们都有自己养家糊口的工作，但是他仍然希望把这项技艺传给他们和孙辈们”，所以F项“然而，一些工匠选择继续延续这一传统”符合语境，故选F项。
35．答案 G
解析 设空处上文阐述发展文化遗产的意义，所以接下来继续说明其更重大的意义。G项“更重要的是，它有助于实现建设‘美丽中国’的目标”符合语境，故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was a very cold Thursday.When I observed the ??36?? falling onto my car，I really began to wonder if I was going to ??37?? it on time.Of course I must，because I have no ??38??.
About two weeks ago，what my ??39?? Ellen had talked about was her Christmas concert to be held in her school and some rumors about it.“Mom，Rachel was ??40?? to sing alone，but she’s not! Linda will replace her to do it.” “Mom，you won’t believe it，??41?? Lexie’s whole family is coming to the concert，even from another ??42??.” Making a long way out of state to see third graders sing Christmas carols seemed to be a pretty big deal(待遇) for her.
When I sat in traffic，I thought about all the school ??43?? I had attended alone.Ellen never mentioned it，but I wonder ??44?? she felt about me being the only one who ever came to her events.My own family lived out of town，and her father and his family ??45?? quite succeeded in fitting those things into their schedules.I ??46?? if it bothered her.
At eight o’clock the ??47?? was scheduled to begin.With only a few minutes to ??48??，I found myself running: first，through the snow-drifted parking lot，then through the school passage.I entered the ??49?? hall and found a vacant seat near the front.From her place onstage，Ellen saw me ??50?? for the chair，and she smiled.I was ??51?? enough to hear the loud conversation of the children onstage.
“Look，Ellen，there is my uncle and my cousin.They came all the way from West Virginia.I can’t believe my whole family is here！” Ellen ??52?? at Lexie and said，“My whole family is here，too! Look，there she is！” Ellen gave me a big smile.I smiled back at her，never once ??53?? the melting snow dripping off my head.It ??54?? occurred to me that while we tried to teach our children all about ??55??，they actually taught us what life was all about.
语篇解读 本文讲述了作者的女儿在音乐会开始前就表达了对音乐会的期待，也向作者暗示她的同学来了很多家庭成员去看。作者也联想到自己小时候总是一个人参加学校活动，所以特别能理解女儿的心情，因此冒雪也赶去学校，只为女儿不失望，同时也告诉读者陪伴的重要性。
36．A.dust B．rain
C．leaves D．snow
答案 D
解析 dust 灰尘；rain 雨；leave树叶；snow雪。根据下文“her Christmas concert to be held in her school”和“the snow-drifted parking lot”得知作者冒雪去孩子学校参加圣诞音乐会。可以判断当时是冬天下雪的天气。故选D。
37．A.do B．make
C．see D．appreciate
答案 B
解析 do做；make 制作；see看见；appreciate感激。make it on time 准时到达。故选B。
38．A.choice B．idea
C．chance D．time
答案 A
解析 choice选择；idea 主意；chance 机会；time时间。根据下文得知自己特别能理解女儿的心情，因此冒雪开很长时间的车也赶去学校，只为不让女儿失望。故选A。
39．A.niece B．nephew
C．son D．daughter
答案 D
解析 niece 侄女；nephew 侄子；son儿子；daughter 女儿。根据空后her Christmas得知，这是母女的对话。故选D。
40．A.supposed B．reminded
C．forced D．persuaded
答案 A
解析 suppose应该；remind提醒；force强迫；persuade劝说。be supposed to do本来应该做某事，根据下一句琳达替代了她，得知本来是雷切尔的表演。故选A。
41．A.so B．but
C．or D．and
答案 B
解析 so因此；but 但是；or 否则；and 并且。前后表示转折，但情况就是这样。故选B。
42．A.town B．country
C．state D．city
答案 C
解析 town城镇；country国家；state州； city城市。根据空后的“Making a long way out of state”得知是跨州赶过来。故选C。
43．A.meetings B．exercises
C．exams D．events
答案 D
解析 meeting会议；exercise练习；exam考试；event活动。根据下面的her events可以判断出此处指所有学校的活动。故选D。
44．A.which B．what
C．how D．when
答案 C
解析 which哪一个；what 什么；how 如何；when 什么时间。我不知道她的感受如何。故选C。
45．A.always B．never
C．occasionally D．regularly
答案 B
解析 always总是；never 从未；occasionally偶尔；regularly 固定地。根据空前的“being the only one who ever came to”得知大家从未参加过孩子的学校活动。故选B。
46．A.wondered B．ignored
C．imagined D．hesitated
答案 A
解析 wonder想知道；ignore忽视；imagine想象；hesitate犹豫。根据本段第二句中的I wonder得知此处指我不知道这是否使她烦恼，故选A。
47．A.party B．class
C．concert D．competition
答案 C
解析 party聚会；class班级；concert 音乐会；competition比赛。根据第二段中的“her Christmas concert to be held in her school”得知此处指音乐会。故选C。
48．A.start B．use
C．remain D．spare
答案 D
解析 start 开始；use使用；remain保留；spare 腾出，匀出。根据下面的跑起来可知，距离音乐会开始只剩下几分钟了。to spare多余，富余，故选D。
49．A.huge B．empty
C．crowded D．special
答案 C
解析 huge 巨大的；empty 空荡荡的；crowded拥挤的；special 特别的。根据上下文语境可知大厅挤满了孩子们的亲友们。故选C。
50．A.walk B．run
C．wander D．head
答案 B
解析 walk 走路；run 跑步； wander 徘徊；head朝……走去。根据“I found myself running”可知，此处女儿看到自己在跑。故选B。
51．A.close B．eager
C．prepared D．happy
答案 A
解析 close接近的；eager热切的；prepared有准备的；happy高兴的。根据上文的“found a vacant seat near the front”得知我的座位离舞台很近。故选A。
52．A.glared B．smiled
C．glanced D．laughed
答案 B
解析 glare怒视；smile微笑；glance瞥一眼；laugh大笑。根据下文的“Ellen gave me a big smile.”得知女儿很开心。故选B。
53．A.considering B．stopping
C．noticing D．getting
答案 C
解析 consider考虑；stop停止；notice注意到；get得到。雪水流下来我都没有注意到。故选C。
54．A.suddenly B．eventually
C．gradually D．secretly
答案 A
解析 句意为：突然我想到尽管我们一直想要教育孩子人生是什么，但实际上是他们在教给我们人生的意义。suddenly突然；eventually最后；gradually逐渐；secretly 秘密地。故选A。
55．A.love B．music
C．school D．life
答案 D
解析 love热爱；music 音乐；school学校；life 人生。句意参见上题解析。故选D。
非选择题部分
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Most Americans don’t like to get advice from members of their family.They get advice from “strangers”．When they need advice，they don’t 56.????????(usual) go to people they know.Instead，many of 57.????????(they) write letters to newspapers and magazines 58.???????? give advice on many different subjects，59.????????(include) family problems，the use of language，health，cooking，child care，clothes，and even 60.???????? how to buy a house or a car.
Most newspapers regularly print letters from 61.????????(read) with problems.Along with the letters are answers 62.????????(write) by people who are supposed 63.????????(know) how to solve such problems.Some of these writers are doctors，and others are lawyers or educators.64.???????? two of the most famous writers of advice 65.??????(be) women without special training for this kind of work.
语篇解读 美国有这样一种社会现象：大部分人在遇到困难后，并不是向家人寻求帮助和建议，而是求助于陌生人。因此很多报纸和杂志就会经常刊登读者求助来信和一些专家的回信，给出建议。
56．答案 usually
解析 考查词性转换。副词修饰动词，故答案为usually。
57．答案 them
解析 考查代词。由语境知，此处指他们中的很多人给报纸和杂志写信。故答案为them。
58．答案 that/which
解析 考查关系代词。此处newspapers and magazines是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，指物，故答案为that/which。
59．答案 including
解析 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处指的是“包括……在内”，故填介词including。
60．答案 on
解析 考查介词。由上文的give advice on可知，答案为on“关于”。
61．答案 readers
解析 考查名词。由语境知，此处指读者，且其前没有修饰词，故用名词的复数形式，故答案为readers。
62．答案 written
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是过去分词作后置定语，故答案为written。
63．答案 to know
解析 考查固定搭配。be supposed to do sth.?应该做某事，故答案为to know。
64．答案 But
解析 考查连词。由语境知，前后表示转折，故答案为But。
65．答案 are
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。由全文知，句子应用一般现在时态，主语是two of...，复数形式，故答案为are。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
假设你是李华。你和美国笔友David经常有电子邮件往来，相互了解中美学生的学习、生活情况。近期他来信向你了解你们学校学生的体育开展情况。请你用英语写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．你们学校受学生欢迎的体育项目；
2．你喜欢的体育项目。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文
Dear David，
I’m really glad that you asked about sports in my school，which is also a popular topic among students here.Here’s some information for you.
The most popular sport in my school is basketball.Not only boys but also many girls will play basketball when they can find time.Second to basketball is table tennis.As you know，Chinese people are good at pingpong.
As for me，I like badminton best.I started playing badminton in Grade One and have been practicing for almost ten years.
If you want to know more，just tell me.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was raining pretty hard on Halloween，but that wasn’t going to stop my little sister Kate and me from trick-or-treating.We decided to start at Miss Parson’s house.Miss?Parson was loved by us kids who lived nearby because she often shared her self-made cookies with us.We usually finished them in a second，especially when we were hungry after class.Sometimes，when we visited her or did something for her，she always gave us surprise.
Kate and I wondered what kinds of treats she’d offer.As we walked down the street，I held an umbrella，a bag for candy，and my sister’s hand.Jack-o-Lanterns gave soft light along the street.Spider webs hung in all the windows.Parents who were dressed up like monsters(怪物)stood in doorways.After we had walked a few blocks，we were wet from head to toes，and I felt Kate was trembling with cold.
There was a light on at Miss Parson’s house，but there were no ghosts，goblins(小妖精)，or Jack-o-Lanterns.We climbed up the steps and saw Miss Parson through a window.She was drinking a cup of hot tea.
“Maybe she doesn’t celebrate Halloween，” Kate said with a sigh，disappointedly.
“Well，even if she doesn’t，she usually likes it when we visit her，”I said and knocked on the door.
Miss Parson seemed surprised when she opened it and saw our dressing.“Is today Halloween？” she asked.“I completely forgot.I am so sorry！”
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
Miss Parson rushed us into her house.?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????
Paragraph 2：
The next morning，a hot and sweet discussion about Miss Parson and Halloween spread among us kids.????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
参考范文
Miss Parson rushed us into her house.“It’s cold out here，” she said.My sister’s face was shining from the rain and Miss?Parson dried her cheeks.“Thank you，” Kate said.“Trick or treat？”
“Oh，right！Treats，” said Miss Parson in surprise.Then she disappeared for a moment and came back with a big smile on her face.“Open those bags wide，” she said.She dropped two boxes of cocoa into our bags.“Winter is just around the corner，”she said.“Some hot cocoa will keep you warm.”
“Thank you，” we both said.“Happy Halloween！”
The next morning，a hot and sweet discussion about Miss Parson and Halloween spread among us kids.We told Mom about how Miss Parson had forgotten Halloween and about what she had given to us and the other kids.“It sounds as if nobody was very upset，even though she forgot Halloween，” said Mom.“No，we were happy，” I said.“Although she didn’t give us candy，it was kind of fun for us all to get something different for a change.I hope it will become a Halloween tradition to give out unusual treats.”
单元知识滚动练
Unit 1 巩固落实
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She has the fortune to work with a creative(有创造性的) team.
2．He felt uneasy every time he met his former(以前的) girlfriend.
3．Please refer to the attachments which include the application(申请) form and resume.
4．The students sat in at the administrative building to protest(抗议) against racial discrimination.
5．The key role of the teacher in the learning process(过程) should not be neglected.
6．A professor at the Academy has proposed that a fund be established to raise money.
7．I had wanted to call on you，but was prevented from doing so.
8．If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate what is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
9．We walked until our despairs disappeared and then we parted.
10．I want to buy a digital camera online.Can you show me how to search the website?
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
11．All entrances to/of the city are guarded by the police.
12．In the long run，it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from university instead of going to work directly.
13．He is said to?have?gone(go) abroad，but I don’t know in which country he is learning now.
14．Married women have traditionally(tradition) been treated as dependent on their husbands.
15．In my opinion，friends are one of the most important people in our life.
16．You have made outstanding contributions(contribute) to the company—I am sure you are bound to get promoted this year.
17．This misbehavior will certainly go against his chances of promotion(promote)．
18．She burst out crying for a while，and burst into laughter for another moment，which left us at a loss.
19．The proposal that he (should)?be?dismissed(dismiss) was supported at the meeting.
20．Ville’s wife is Chinese and she is a cook by profession.
Ⅲ.完成句子
21．It?is?likely?that he will win the game in the sports meeting.
他在运动会上赢得比赛是很有可能的。
22．It?is?reported?that most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily.
据报道，大部分问题都已经令人满意地解决了。
23．Not?only?you?but?also?he?is going to the meeting tomorrow.不但你而且他明天都要去开会。
24．The door opened and in?came?a?boy dressed in a coat.门开了，一个穿着大衣的男孩进来了。
25．Two years ago I was in trouble and had to turn?to?him?for?help.
两年前我有了麻烦不得不向他求助。
Ⅳ.单元语法——用定语从句合并下列句子
26．China is a great country.There are friendly people in the country.
China is a great country where there are friendly people.
27．My sister has a friend.His name is Jack.
My?sister?has?a?friend?whose?name?is?Jack.
28．I’ll never forget the day.I joined the League on the day.
I’ll?never?forget?the?day?on?which/when?I?joined?the?League.
29．He wants to visit a place.It’s not very hot there.
He?wants?to?visit?a?place?which/that?is?not?very?hot?there.
30．That was the way.The old lady looked after us in that way.
That?was?the?way?in?which/that?the?old?lady?looked?after?us.
能力提升
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
What do the following places have in common：the Serengeti Desert，Edinburgh’s Old Town and the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve?
The Serengeti Desert is in Tanzania and Kenya，Africa.It contains thousands of kilometers of dry grasslands and many rare kinds of animals.
Edinburgh’s Old Town is in the capital city of Scotland.It has many old buildings and streets.There are very few new buildings in Edinburgh’s Old Town.
The Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve is near Mexico City in Mexico.It has beautiful flowers and forests.It is also the home of millions of butterflies in the winter.
These three places are very different.But they are all under special protection by UNESCO(联合国教科文组织)．They are World Heritage Sites.
The story of World Heritage Sites begins more than 3,000 years ago.At that time，the great king of Egypt built many temples.But after thousands of years，sand covered them.
Stories tell of a young boy named Abu Simbel who found the temples.One day，Abu Simbel saw something under the sand.Soon，the ancient temples of Ramses Ⅱwere officially rediscovered.But they were not safe.The government of Egypt planned to build a dam on the Nile River.It would create a large lake，which would cover the temples in water.
Many people did not want the temples destroyed.UNESCO agreed and raised 40 million dollars from around the world to save the temples.From 1964 to 1968，engineers took the temples apart in many pieces and rebuilt them hundreds of meters back from the Nile River.Today，they are called the Abu Simbel Temples，in memory of the young boy who first found them.
The effort to save the Abu Simbel Temples was a success.So in 1972，UNESCO formed the World Heritage Committee，which protects places on the earth that are of great cultural or natural value.
Any country in the world can ask for protection from UNESCO.The countries send a list of places to the World Heritage Committee.Once a year，the World Heritage Committee meets and votes on which places to protect.When they choose a place，it officially becomes a World Heritage Site.
31．What’s special about Edinburgh’s Old Town?
A．It has no new buildings.
B．It’s a World Heritage Site.
C．It’s in the capital city of Scotland.
D．It has the oldest streets in the world.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But they are all under special...They are World Heritage Sites.”可知，Edinburgh’s Old Town的特别之处在于它是一处世界遗产地。
32．The young boy Abu Simbel ????????.
A．grew up to be a great engineer
B．took part in building the temples
C．lived in Egypt about 3,000 years ago
D．was the first to discover the hidden temples
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“Stories tell of a young boy named Abu Simbel who found the temples.”和倒数第三段中的“the Abu Simbel Temples，in memory of the young boy who first found them”可知，阿布辛贝是第一个发现那些寺庙的人。
33．The last paragraph mainly deals with ????????.
A．how a World Heritage Site is chosen
B．why the World Heritage Committee was formed
C．how often the World Heritage Committee works
D．why countries ask for protection from UNESCO
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。通读最后一段内容可知，本段主要讲述了世界遗产地是怎样被选出来的，故A项符合段意。
B
It is interesting to see that the force of only 6 or 7 people pushing in the same direction can cause up to 1,000 pounds of force—enough to break brick walls.During a deadly stampede(奔逃)，people can even die standing up.People die when pressure is put to their bodies in a front to back direction，causing them not to be able to breathe.
If you are in a crowd，the first and most important thing is to make yourself familiar with your surroundings and find different exits.No matter where you are，make sure you always know how to get out.
Make yourself aware of the type of the ground you are standing on，and know that in a crowd of moving people wet ground can cause you to fall.
When in danger，a few seconds can make a difference，giving you the possibility of making use of your escaping route.Always stay closer to the escape route.If you find yourself in the middle of a moving crowd，do not fight against the pressure，do not stand still or sit down，because you can easily get trampled(踩踏)．Instead，move in the same direction of the crowd；make use of any space that may open up to move sideways to the crowd movement where the flow is weaker.
Keep your hands up by your chest，like a boxer—it gives you movement and protects your chest.If you fall，get up quickly.If you can’t get up because you are injured，get someone to pull you up.If you have kids，lift them up.
If you fall and cannot get up，keep moving in the same direction of the crowd，or if that is not possible，then cover your head with your arms；do not lie on your stomach or back.
语篇解读 人群中发生蜂拥事件会造成大量人员伤亡，作者在本文中讲述了在处于人群中时，应该如何去做以防意外发生。
34．In a stampede people may die standing up mainly because ????????.
A．they can’t breathe freely
B．they push in the same direction
C．they are not able to get up
D．they aren’t familiar with the surroundings
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，在致命的蜂拥事件中，人们甚至站着就死去了，原因是当压力从他们的身体前方向后方施加时，他们不能呼吸。故选A。
35．When in danger，to make a difference，you should ????????.
A．fight against the pressure
B．stand still where you are
C．sit down covering your head
D．move along the escape route
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，处于危险中时，确保你可以利用你的逃跑路线，不要与人群的压力相对抗，不要站着不动或坐下来，由此可推知D项正确。
36．In the passage the writer mainly wants to tell us ????????.
A．how to stay far away from a crowd
B．what to do when you are in a crowd
C．where to go when you are in danger
D．how to get along with a big crowd
答案 B
解析 写作目的题。第一、二段导入文章的话题，拥挤的人群可能造成人的死亡，后面详细叙述了当你处于人群中时，应该如何去做以防意外发生，由此可判断B项正确。
Ⅵ.七选五
Five Simple Ways to Increase Your Intelligence
Your IQ，which stands for Intelligence Quotient，is a scientific assessment(评估)of your intelligence.While there are limits based on native intelligence levels，recent studies have shown that it’s possible to increase your intelligence.Your brain needs exercise just like a muscle.If you use it often and in the right ways，you will become a more skilled thinker and increase your ability to focus.Here are five simple techniques to exercise your brain.
·Minimize(使减少到最低程度)television watching.??37?? When you feel like relaxing，try reading a book instead.If you’re too tired，listen to some music.When you’re with your friends or family，turn your television off and have a conversation.
·??38?? Time spent exercising always leads to greater learning because it improves productivity during the time afterwards.Using your body clears your head and creates a wave of energy.
·Read challenging books.If you want to improve your thinking and writing ability，you should read books that make you focus.??39?? Besides，it will make you think in more precise，elegant English.
·??40?? Nothing makes it harder to concentrate than lack of sleep.You’ll be most rejuvenated(恢复活力的) if you go to bed early and don’t sleep more than 8 hours.
·Take time to reflect.Spending some time alone in reflection gives you a chance to organize your thoughts and prioritize(优先处理) your responsibilities.??41??
A．Early to bed，early to rise.
B．Take some time to exercise.
C．Think of new ways to do old things.
D．Reading a classic novel can change your view of the world.
E．Watching television doesn’t use your mental ability or allow it to recharge.
F．Afterwards，you’ll have a better understanding of what’s important and what isn’t.
G．Just as sitting at your desk all day is bad for your physical self，sitting in the same mental seat all the time is bad for your brain.
37．答案 E
解析 本段主要讲要少看电视，可以用读书、听音乐和聊天来放松。E项“看电视不需要你的智力，也不能让它充电”符合本段内容，故选E。
38．答案 B
解析 根据Time spent exercising和下文可知本段讲用锻炼的方法来锻炼大脑，提高智商。B项“花点时间锻炼”符合本段内容，适合作为本段标题，故选B。
39．答案 D
解析 本段讲阅读具有挑战性的书，D项“读一本经典小说可以改变你对世界的看法”是读挑战性书的好处，与上句连接，故选D。
40．答案 A
解析 本段讲充足睡眠的好处，只有充足的睡眠才能集中精力做事，提高智商。A项“早睡早起”概括全段内容，适合作为标题。故选A。
41．答案 F
解析 本段讲花时间反思，这样才能组织思想和优先处理责任，F项“之后，你会更好地了解什么是重要的，什么不是重要的”与上句连接，故选F。
核心素养提能练
“阅读理解＋完形填空”组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
India has a very vast history and heritage.The country has witnessed some of the most important events in the past and every event has an effect of its own on the culture，religion，lifestyle，and economy of the country.This is one of the leading reasons why tourists prefer India to travel to and explore.Historical tours in India provide everything that a traveler expects from his/her journey.These historical tours give an opportunity to study and explore Indian history.
Historical tours of India generally consisted of four phases: ancient，medieval(中世纪的)，modern India and contemporary(当代的) India.Some of the historical travel packages are：
Forts and Palaces
The rich cultural past of India is reflected in the countless(无数的) forts and palaces across the country.Most of the forts were constructed as a defense device to keep the enemy away and palaces were made on the names of the kings and queens.Some of the famous forts and palaces are：Agra Fort (Agra)，Fatehpur Sikri (Agra)，Hawa Mahal (Jaipur)，Amber Fort (Jaipur)，City Palace (Jaipur)，Gwalior Fort (Gwalior)，Mysore Palace (Mysore)，Red Fort (Delhi)，etc.
India Heritage Tours
The main purpose of India Heritage tours is to make Indians as well as tourists familiar with the rich Indian legacy(遗产)．The heritage of the country is at least 5,000 years.Some of the heritage tours are: medieval heritage，Rajput heritage，Golden Triangle，splendid Gujarat，etc.
South India Historical Tours
The Southern India is known for its diversity and there are many places，which attract tourists，not only from the country but also from all over the world.The famous tourists’ destinations(景区) in South India include Goa，Cochin，Kerala，Munnar，Periyar，Kottayam and the list goes on and on.
语篇解读 文章主要向读者介绍了印度历史文化之旅。印度有着丰富的历史文化遗产，过去发生的事件对印度的文化、宗教、生活方式和经济都有着很深远的影响。
1．The main purpose of this passage is ????????.
A．to report some important events in the history of India
B．to introduce some tours that can explore the history of India
C．to help study the culture and history of India
D．to tell us how to explore the history of India
答案 B
解析 写作意图题。根据第一段最后一句“These historical tours give an opportunity to study and explore Indian history.”和第二段最后一句“Some of the historical travel packages are：”可知，文章主要介绍了一些与印度的历史有关的旅游项目，故选B。
2．Many tourists prefer India to travel to and explore because ????????.
A．modern India has little to study
B．Indian people have an interesting lifestyle
C．India’s culture is greatly influenced by its history
D．India’s history is longer than that of any other country
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...every event has an effect of its own on the culture，religion，lifestyle，and economy of the country.This is one of the leading reasons why tourists prefer India to travel and explore.”可知，过去发生的事件对印度的文化、宗教、生活方式和经济等产生了影响，这是人们喜欢到印度旅游的主要原因，故选C。
3．Most forts were built in order to ????????.
A．honor the kings
B．act as a palace for queens
C．keep enemies away
D．attract tourists
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Most of the forts were constructed as a defense device to keep the enemy away...”可知，建造碉堡的目的是为了抵御敌人入侵，故选C。
4．According to the passage，Rajput heritage ????????.
A．is a famous fort in India
B．is one of the heritages in India
C．has a history of no more than 200 years
D．lies in South India
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Some of the heritage tours are: medieval heritage，Rajput heritage，Golden Triangle...”可知，Rajput heritage是印度文化遗产游中的一个旅游项目，故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Bill White’s father is a lawyer.In his ??5?? time，he likes to get out in the country and take some ??6?? of animals.
For a long time，Bill had wanted to go with his father on one of his ??7??.But his father didn’t take Bill along with him ??8?? he was fifteen.
He and Bill drove to the farm which ??9?? to his uncle in the afternoon.They ??10?? the night there，so that they could ??11?? out early the next morning.Uncle Steve and his son Larry，who was sixteen，were going to go out with them.
It was still dark when Bill heard the alarm ??12?? the next morning.He wondered why it was running so early.He couldn’t remember ??13?? he was.He turned over ??14?? and looked at the clock.It was 5 o’clock.Then he ??15?? that he was at the ??16?? and that he was going out to take pictures with his father.He jumped out of bed and got ??17?? quickly.
He ran downstairs.The others were already in the ??18??.Uncle Steve was cooking bacon and eggs.There was a pot of coffee on the stove.It ??19?? good.
They ate breakfast quickly.They didn’t talk ??20??，because they didn’t want to ??21?? up the other people in the house.They filled a thermos bottle ??22?? hot coffee and took some sandwiches ??23?? Aunt Grace，Uncle Steve’s wife，had made for them.They gathered their camera ??24?? and started out.
5．A.busy B．spare
C．enough D．limited
答案 B
解析 busy忙碌的；spare空闲的；enough足够的；limited有限的。他在空闲时间经常外出。故B项正确。
6．A.foods B．drawings
C．paintings D．pictures
答案 D
解析 food食物；drawing素描；painting油画；picture照片。根据下文第三段中的take pictures说明Bill的爸爸经常出去拍照片。故D项正确。
7．A.trips B．buses
C．animals D．mountains
答案 A
解析 trip旅行；bus公共汽车；animal动物；mountain大山。此处指Bill想和父亲一起参加这样的旅行。故A项正确。
8．A.after B．when
C．until D．unless
答案 C
解析 after在……后面；when当……时候；until直到；unless除非。not...until...直到……才……。直到15岁，Bill的爸爸才带他去。故C项正确。
9．A.led B．stuck
C．got D．belonged
答案 D
解析 lead to导致；stick to黏住；get to到达；belong to属于，指那个农场属于他叔叔。根据D项正确。
10．A.cost B．spent
C．slept D．took
答案 B
解析 cost花费；spend度过；sleep睡觉；take带走； cost/take的主语不能是人。spend的主语可以是人。他们在那里住一晚上。故B项正确。
11．A.start B．begin
C．walk D．step
答案 A
解析 start开始；begin开始；walk步行；step踏上；动词词组：start out出发。指他们第二天很早就可以出发了。故A项正确。
12．A.telephone B．machine
C．computer D．clock
答案 D
解析 telephone电话；machine机器；computer计算机；clock闹钟。指闹钟响了起来。故D项正确。
13．A.where B．how
C．who D．what
答案 A
解析 where什么地方；how如何；who谁；what什么。本句是宾语从句，指他记不得自己在什么地方了。故A项正确。
14．A.quickly B．sleepily
C．quietly D．suddenly
答案 B
解析 quickly迅速地；sleepily困地；瞌睡地；quietly安静地；suddenly突然。很早起来，那么他肯定是很困，副词sleepily符合句意，故B正确。
15．A.imagined B．pronounced
C．forgot D．remembered
答案 D
解析 imagine想象；pronounce发音；forget忘记；remember记得。然后他记得自己来到叔叔的农场了。故D项正确。
16．A.mountain B．town
C．farm D．station
答案 C
解析 mountain大山；town城镇；farm农场；station车站。然后他记得自己来到叔叔的农场了。故C项正确。
17．A.dressed B．ordered
C．eaten D．prepared
答案 A
解析 dress穿着，打扮；order命令；eat吃；prepare准备；动词短语get dressed穿好衣服。本句是指他很快就穿好衣服。故A项正确。
18．A.bathroom B．kitchen
C．study D．bedroom
答案 B
解析 bathroom浴室；kitchen厨房；study书房；bedroom卧室。根据下文他们在准备早饭，说明他们是在厨房里。故B项正确。
19．A.seemed B．felt
C．tasted D．smelled
答案 D
解析 seem似乎；feel感觉；taste尝起来；smell闻起来。他们在准备，不是品尝。咖啡闻起来香。故D项正确。
20．A.many B．soundly
C．much D．highly
答案 C
解析 many 多 (修饰可数名词)；soundly合理地，健康地；much多(修饰不可数名词或是动词)；highly高度地；指他们交谈不多，是因为怕吵醒其他人。故C项正确。
21．A.wake B．go
C．put D．come
答案 A
解析 wake up唤醒；go up上升；put up举起；come up走近。参见上题解析。故A项正确。
22．A.of B．with
C．in D．by
答案 B
解析 fill...with...用……装满……，指他们把热水瓶装满热咖啡。故B项正确。
23．A.that B．what
C．after D．before
答案 A
解析 这个定语从句中关系代词that指代some sandwiches作为made的宾语。另外三项不是定语从句的关系词，不能引导定语从句，故A项正确。
24．A.cover B．supply
C．operator D．equipment
答案 D
解析 cover封面；supply供应；operator接线员；equipment设备。指他们拿起照相机设备出去拍照片。故D项正确。
主观题规范练
Ⅲ.语法填空
Do you have any idea of New Year paintings？25.????????(know) as “paper paintings” and “painted pictures”，New Year paintings are a special art form in Chinese folk culture.Without New Year paintings，our traditional Chinese folk culture would be much less 26.????????(color)．The paintings get such a name because they are 27.????????(most) posted during the Chinese New Year holiday for 28.??? ?????(decorate) and they are also accepted as a symbol of New Year’s greetings.
New Year paintings appeared around the Tang dynasty，replacing the previous door pictures believed to be able to protect the residents and drive away ghosts.In the Song dynasty the New Year paintings 29.????????(create) on a large scale(规模).30.???????? the printing techniques improving，the content and forms of New Year paintings became various.The development of the paintings matured in the Ming and Qing dynasties，31.???????? the art hit its heyday (全盛期)．
There are many 32.????????(tradition) printing methods of New Year paintings,33.????????(include) woodblock printing，stone-block printing，offset printing，watercolor painting，etc.34.???????? is reported，woodblock-printed New Year paintings are the most popular and interesting ones，according to a recent survey.
语篇解读 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的传统文化艺术之一——年画及其用途、起源和分类，彰显了中国元素。
25．答案 Known
解析 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：be known as作为……而著名，此处New Year paintings和know是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，故答案为Known。
26．答案 colo(u)rful
解析 考查词性转换。be后面用形容词作表语，故答案为colo(u)rful。
27．答案 mostly
解析 考查词性转换。因为它们通常都在春节期间被张贴，作为装饰画。修饰谓语动词用副词。mostly通常，多半，大部分。故答案为mostly。
28．答案 decoration/decorating
解析 考查词性转换。介词后面用名词或动名词形式，故答案为decoration/decorating。
29．答案 were created
解析 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知paintings与create之间是被动关系，又由时间状语In the Song dynasty可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是paintings，复数形式，故答案为were created。
30．答案 With
解析 考查with的复合结构。分析句子可知，此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，故答案为With。
31．答案 when
解析 考查关系副词。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，且从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。
32．答案 traditional
解析 考查词性转换。此处是形容词修饰名词，故答案为traditional。
33．答案 including
解析 考查词性转换。分析句子可知，此处指的是“包括……在内”，故可知答案为介词including。
34．答案 As
解析 考查关系代词。根据句意可知此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句，故答案为As。
Ⅳ.补全写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids.Jenn Berman，author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy，Confident Kids，says，“We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise，parents think they’re building their children’s confidence，when，in fact，it may be just the opposite.Too much praise can backfire and，when given in a way that’s insincere，make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.
Still，don’t go too far in the other direction.Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and，as a result，may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise？Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome，you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.“We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal，” says Donahue，author of Parenting Without Fear：Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team.But if he’s out there every day and playing hard，you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard，cook dinner，or finish a book report.But whatever it is，praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
请根据括号里的汉语提示，补全短文。
35．It?is?no?easy?job?to?educate?children(教育孩子不是一项容易的工作)．(要点1)Parents are wrong 36.from strict discipline in the past to excessive praise today(从……到……)．(要点2)Appropriate praise helps to 37.encourage?children?to?make?progress(鼓励孩子取得进步)，but don’t go from one extreme to the other.(要点3)High-quality praise should focus on children’s efforts,38.rather?than?on?results(而不是结果)．The principle for dealing with praise is 39.to?consider?the?link?between?praise?and?effort(考虑表扬和努力之间的联系)．(要点4)
