Period Five Writing—Writing a recipe
本单元的写作目标是“写食谱”。编写食谱是一门艺术，要仔细选择每一个单词，先确定食谱的名称(dish)，开篇做一下简单的描述(description briefly)，食谱包括两部分，一是列出做这道菜所需食材(ingredients)：需要精确的配料和用量。 二是写出说明(instructions)，也就是做这道菜的操作步骤，需要明确具体。
(一)烹饪方式 Cooking Methods
1．炒 stir-fry
2．爆 quick-fry
3．炸 deep-fry
4．清蒸 steam
5．煮 boil
6．回锅 twice-cooked
7．煎 pan-fry
8．烤 roast
9．腌 salt
10．炖 braise
(二)刀工 Slicing Techniques
1．切丁/块 dice/cube
2．切丝/条 shred
3．切片 fillet/slice
4．切碎/末 mince
(三)调料品/佐料 Seasoning/Condiments
1．酱油 soy sauce
2．醋 vinegar
3．葱 spring onion
4．蒜 garlic
5．姜 ginger
6．芥末 mustard
7．味精 monosodium glutamate (MSG)
8．花生油 peanut oil
9．白砂糖 custer sugar
10．肉汤 broth
在中国饮食文化中，红烧排骨很受欢迎，请写一个食谱“红烧排骨的做法”，要求包括两部分：ingredients和instructions。词数80左右。
审题
写作要求是写一个食谱，写作时应注意下面几点：
1．确定文体：这是一篇应用文，开篇做一下简单的描述，写作中应注意包括两部分：ingredients和instructions。
2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。
3．主体人称：由于是食谱，以祈使句为主。
谋篇
第一部分：description briefly
第二部分：ingredients
第三部分：instructions
核心词汇
1．家常排骨home-style Chinese pork ribs
2．推荐recommend
3．超级简单super easy
4．小胡萝卜small baby carrots
5．洋葱yellow onions
6．老酒Chinese cooking wine
7．花椒szechwan peppercorn
8．老抽dark soy sauce
连词成句
1．我今天想向大家推荐这道很受欢迎的菜。(would like to)
I would like to recommend this popular dish today.
2．这是我家最喜欢的食物之一。(favorite)
It is one of our family favorites.
句式升级
请用which引导的定语从句把句1和句2合成一句话。
Today I would like to recommend this popular dish which is one of our family favorites.
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。
参考范文
Do you know how to make home-style Chinese pork ribs tender without over-cooked？Today I would like to recommend this popular dish which is one of our family favorites.The recipe is super easy，the added sweet and sour taste would make your mouth water.
Ingredients：
1＋3/4 cup (300g)pork ribs，cut to small pieces(2 inches)
1/3 cup (about 8) small baby carrots
2/3 cup yellow onions，shredded
1/2 cup yellow or green peppers，cut to strips
2 tbsp Chinese cooking wine
2 tsp Chinese vinegar
1 piece ginger
6－8 pieces szechwan peppercorn
1 tbsp starch
1 tsp dark soy sauce
2 tbsp crystal rock candy
3/4 cup water
Instructions：
1．Combine the pork ribs with the marinade sauce，set about 10 minutes.
2．Then mix the pork ribs with the starch，set about 1 minute.
3．Heat 2 spoons oil in the pan at medium-highheat.Add the ginger first then stir in onion，stir together for half a minute，or until onion is translucent.
4．Add the pork ribs and continue stirring for about 2 minutes，until the pork ribs turn lightly brown on both sides.
5．Then add the rest of the remained marinade sauce，stir a few times，then cook at medium heat with cover until one third of the sauce is left.
6．Add the carrots and peppers，stir a few times，cover then cook until the meat is tender and the sauce starts to thicken slightly，(and 1 tsp Chinese aromatic vinegar for better smell and taste)．Now it is ready to serve.Enjoy!
Period Four Grammar—Modals(1)
感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题
1．...I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks!
2．But there are still some dishes that Dad dare not try even after many years of marriage to my mother.
3．...Mum and I just have to find a way to get him into the kitchen!
4．...we’d better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies...
5．“You needn’t try it if you don’t want to，”Mum said...
Choose the meanings to the words in bold above.
A．Be afraid to do something.
B．Not be necessary to do something.
C．Give advice to do or not to do something.
D．Be necessary or give strong advice to do something.
E．Have the ability to do something.
1．E 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B
一、基本特征
1．情态动词有一定的词义，不能单独作谓语，需和实义动词或系动词一起作谓语。
She can speak English though she is six.
尽管她才6岁，但她会说英语。
2．情态动词一般无人称和数的变化，个别情态动词有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。
They must be in the classroom.
他们一定在教室里。
3．构成否定句时，not放在其后面。
The young man can’t carry the big stone.
这个年轻人搬不动那块大石头。
4．情态动词后接动词原形。
You will do as I told you.
你得照我说的去做。
二、基本用法
1．can与be able to
(1)can只有现在时和过去时(could)，而be able to则有更多的时态变化，在将来时、完成时和非谓语动词中只能用be able to。
(2)can一般指自身具有的能力，而be able to则表示经过一段时间的努力后所具有的能力，相当于manage to do或succeed in doing。
(3)在否定结构中was/were able to与could没有区别。
This time I failed in the exam，but I’ll be able to pass the exam next time.这次我考试不及格，但下次考试我能及格。(经过努力)
She ran fast but she couldn’t/wasn’t able to catch the bus.她跑得很快可还是没能赶上公交车。
2．need的用法
(1)need作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的变化，多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。
—Need I finish the work today?
—Yes，you must/have to./No，you needn’t.
——我需要今天干完这活吗？
——是的，你必须干完。/不用，你不必干完。
There’s plenty of time.You needn’t drive so fast.
时间很充足，你不必开这么快。
注意：由need引起的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must或have to；否定回答常用needn’t。
(2)作实义动词
need作实义动词时，后可接名词、动名词、不定式等，有人称、时态和数的变化。
The bike needs repairing.
＝The bike needs to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修理。
3．have to与must
(1)have to“不得不”，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定形式为don’t/didn’t have to。
It’s too late.I have to go home now.
天色太晚了，我现在得回家了。
You don’t have to finish the work now.
你现在没有必要完成这项工作。
(2)have to表示一种客观的需要，而must表示一种主观的需要。此外，must还表示“偏要”“非得”的意思。
I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon.今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议。
You must obey the rules of your school.
你必须遵守你们学校的规则。
4．dare的用法
(1)dare既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中，表示“敢……”。
I dare not walk through the wood at night.
夜间我不敢在小树林里走。
(2)dare作实义动词时，在否定句、疑问句中不定式符号to也可以省略。
The children don’t dare (to) make a sound while their parents are sleeping.
孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢弄出一点声音。
Does he dare (to) tell you what he has done?
他敢告诉你们他所做的事情吗？
5．had better的用法
had better后跟动词原形，表示“最好……”，其否定式在had better后加not。
You’d better get there before it gets dark.
你最好天黑前到那。
We’d better not talk so loudly.
我们最好不要这么大声说话。
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词或所给动词的正确形式填空
1．We can choose between staying at home and taking a trip.
2．Some classmates suggest we should go to places of interest nearby.
3．I needn’t have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
4．I didn’t know whether he dared say that to him.
5．You’d better do(do) it all by yourself.
6．—Need I hand in my paper now?
—Yes，you must.
7．The car is so dirty.It needs cleaning/to be cleaned(clean)．
Ⅱ.完成句子
8．I will be able to speak English in three years.
三年后我将能讲英语。
9．I’m afraid you dare not/daren’t do such a thing.
恐怕你不敢做这样的事。
10．Do I need to leave my telephone number and address?
我有必要把电话和地址留下吗？
11．Given his health condition，we had better not let him go there.
考虑到他的身体状况，我们最好不要让他去那里了。
12．It was raining outside；we had to stay at home.
外面在下雨，我们不得不待在家里。
13．If you must smoke，please go outside.
如果你非得抽烟，请到外面去吸。
基础巩固
Ⅰ.选词填空
1．As there was no bus，we had to(had to；should) walk home.
2．I want to go to the office，but you need not go(need not to go；need not go) with me.
3．The manager is so hot-tempered that I dare not tell(to tell；tell) him the bad news.
4．You needn’t fetch(to fetch；fetch) four；two will do.
5．I have no bike，so I have to go(have to go；must go) to the office on foot.
6．You needn’t buy(needn’t buy；needn’t have bought) a gift，but you can if you want to.
7．I talked with her for a long time，and eventually I was able to(could；was able to) make her believe me.
8．The patient can be operated on(can be operated on；has been able to be operated on) by the end of this month.
Ⅱ.单句写作
9．如果在你方便的时候能尽早回复我的信，我将非常感激。
I’ll appreciate it if you can reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.
10．我刚刚发现今天下午我必须参加一个重要的班会。
I have just found that I have to attend an important class meeting this afternoon.
11．我非常需要有人来帮助我学英语口语，在这方面，许多中国学生都比较差。
I badly need someone to help me with my oral English，at which lots of Chinese students are bad.
12．下雨天，你敢在这么拥挤的道路上开车吗？
Do you dare to drive a car on such a crowded road on a rainy day?
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Let’s face it.No one drinks diet sodas for the taste.People drink diet sodas in the hope that it will help them lose weight or at least keep them from gaining it.Yet it seems to have exactly the opposite effect，according to a new study.
Researchers from the University of Texas said those who drank two or more diet sodas a day had waist size increases that were six times greater than those who didn’t drink diet sodas.“What we saw was that the more diet sodas a person drank，the more weight they were likely to gain，” said Sharon Fowler.
The study was based on data from 474 participants in a large，ongoing research project，where the participants were followed for nearly 10 years.
While the findings are surprising，they also offer some explanations.Nutrition expert，Melanie Rogers，who works with overweight patients in New York，has found that when patients are switched from regular to diet sodas，they don’t lose weight at all.“We weren’t seeing weight loss necessarily，and that was confusing to us，” said Rogers.
So why would diet sodas cause weight gain? No one knows for sure yet，but it could be that people think they can eat more if they drink diet sodas，and so over-compensate for the missing calories.
A related study found some sweeteners(甜味剂) raised blood sugar levels in some mice.“Data from this and other potential studies suggest that the promotion of diet sodas and artificial sweeteners may be risky，”said Helen P．Hazuda，professor at the University of Texas’s school of medicine.“They may be free of calories，but not of consequences.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，喝低糖汽水非但不能减轻体重，反而会让体重增加。
13．People drink diet sodas to .
A．enjoy its taste
B．stay in fashion
C．achieve weight loss
D．gain more energy
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“People drink diet sodas in the hope that it will help them lose weight...”可知，人们喝低糖汽水是为了减轻体重，故选C。
14．The new study suggests that drinking diet sodas .
A．causes people to become heavier
B．helps people to be healthier
C．makes people much thinner
D．offers people more calories
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句和第二段最后一句中的“the more diet sodas a person drank，the more weight they were likely to gain”可知，新的研究表明喝低糖汽水非但不能减轻体重，反而会让体重增加。故选A。
15．We can learn from the passage that .
A．regular sodas make people lose more weight
B．diet soda drinkers tend to eat more food
C．diet sodas do help reduce calories
D．most blood diseases come from diet sodas
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“they can eat more if they drink diet sodas”可知，喝低糖汽水的人趋向于吃更多的食物。故选B。
16．The underlined word “They” in the last paragraph probably refers to “ ”．
A．sweeteners
B．diet sodas and artificial sweeteners
C．sodas
D．diet soda drinkers and sweetener takers
答案 B
解析 代词指代题。此处是承接上一句中的内容，故“They”指的是“低糖汽水和人造甜味剂”。故选B。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Not all love is said out loud.It wasn’t until I went to high school that I 17 this.In my memories，it was Mom who held the family together.Dad was harsh and 18 .Every evening，coming back home from work，he would 19 me for what I’d done wrong during the day.
When I broke my leg after I 20 a swing，it was Mom who 21 held me in her arms all the way to the hospital.In dead 22 ，Dad pulled a gurney(医院的轮床) right up to the door of the emergency room and when asked to move it away，he jumped and 23 ，“I need this gurney.Don’t you think it’s urgent？” His voice did frighten me.
Recently，as I was 24 my family’s photo album with some friends，one of them asked，“What does your father look like？” At that moment，it 25 me that few pictures of my dad could be found.He was always the one 26 pictures for us.This 27 why nearly all of the photos in the album were of my Mom and me.
Familiar scenes ran through my head.At my birthday parties，he just 28 himself blowing up balloons，setting up tables and trying to make everything 29 .It was Mom who carried the cake with candles on it for me to 30 .Dad was sitting in the corner，tired and 31 .
Studying in high school now，I only go home about once a month.On my 32 ，Dad remains silent 33 ，but Mom always tells me that it was Dad who drove to other towns to buy fresh seafood and vegetables，saying that it was 34 as long as I could enjoy the dishes he’d 35 .
Perhaps Dad just doesn’t know how to 36 love.Or，I don’t know how to recognize it.
语篇解读 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章作者讲述了父亲对自己深沉的爱。作者的父亲看起来严厉又冷漠，但是他会在作者受伤时着急，为他找来轮床；会在作者生日宴会上做许多事情帮忙准备；会在作者回家时给他买来新鲜的海鲜和蔬菜。
17. A．refused B．realized
C．remembered D．controlled
答案 B
解析 根据下文内容可推断此处讲的是并不是所有的爱都要大声说出来，直到上高中，我才意识到这一点。refuse拒绝；realize意识到；remember记得；control控制，故选B。
18. A．kind B．flexible
C．cold D．stubborn
答案 C
解析 根据“In my memories，it was Mom who held the family together.”可知，在我的记忆里，是妈妈把一家人聚在一起，因此爸爸是严厉的、冷淡的。and连接意思相近的两个词。kind和蔼的；flexible灵活的；cold冷淡的；stubborn顽固的，故选C。
19. A．scold B．appreciate
C．charge D．ask
答案 A
解析 根据上文可知，爸爸是严厉的，因此推断每天晚上下班回家后，他总是因为白天我做的错事而责骂我。scold责骂；appreciate欣赏；charge控告；ask问，故选A。
20. A．fell off B．fixed upon
C．moved into D．put on
答案 A
解析 根据上文“I broke my leg”可推断出，我从秋千上掉下来摔断了腿。fall off跌落；fix upon决定；move into移入；put on穿上，故选A。
21. A．excitedly B．gently
C．unwillingly D．strangely
答案 B
解析 根据上文可知，我摔断了腿，因此推断出妈妈轻柔地抱着我一路去了医院。excitedly兴奋地；gently轻柔地；unwillingly不情愿地；strangely奇怪地，故选B。
22. A．position B．responsibility
C．silence D．atmosphere
答案 C
解析 句意为：在死一般的沉寂中，爸爸拖了医院的轮床到了急诊室门口。position位置；responsibility责任；silence沉寂；atmosphere气氛，故选C。
23. A．doubted B．added
C．whispered D．shouted
答案 D
解析 根据下文“‘I need this gurney.Don’t you think it’s urgent？’ His voice did frighten me.”可知，当有人要求父亲把轮床移开时，他跳起来，喊道：“我需要这个轮床，难道你不认为它很紧急吗？”他的声音大的让我害怕。doubt怀疑；add补充说；whisper低声地说；shout大喊，故选D。
24. A．looking through B．looking up
C．looking down upon D．looking into
答案 A
解析 根据下文“...one of them asked，‘What does your father look like？’”可知，我与朋友们一起浏览我家的相册。look through浏览；look up查阅；look down upon看不起；look into调查，故选A。
25．A.resulted in B．contributed to
C．occurred to D．headed for
答案 C
解析 根据上文朋友问我，我的父亲什么样子，可推断此处意思是：在那一刻，我突然想到爸爸几乎没有什么照片。result in导致； contribute to贡献；occur to某人突然想到；head for前往，故选C。
26．A.collecting B．changing
C．taking D．drawing
答案 C
解析 根据上文可知，父亲的照片很少，因此推断出他总是那个给我们拍照的人。collect收集；change改变；take拍照；draw绘画，故选C。
27．A.explained B．admitted
C．confirmed D．predicted
答案 A
解析 父亲总是那个给我们拍照的人，这解释了为什么相册里几乎都是我和妈妈的照片。explain解释；admit承认；confirm确认；predict预测，故选A。
28．A.lost B．enjoyed
C．busied D．adapted
答案 C
解析 根据语境可知，在生日宴会上，爸爸只是忙于吹气球、摆桌子，努力地让一切完美。busy oneself doing sth.使自己忙于做某事，是固定搭配，故选C。
29．A.faulty B．tidy
C．colorful D．perfect
答案 D
解析 句意为：在生日宴会上，爸爸只是忙于吹气球、摆桌子，努力地让一切完美。faulty有错误的；tidy整齐的；colorful多彩的；perfect完美的，故选D。
30．A.come out B．put out
C．blow out D．break out
答案 C
解析 根据上文“At my birthday parties”可知，妈妈端来带着蜡烛的生日蛋糕让我吹灭。come out出现；put out熄灭；blow out吹灭；break out爆发，故选C。
31．A.sleepy B．ill
C．unsatisfied D．hungry
答案 A
解析 根据上文可知，爸爸做了许多工作，因此推断出爸爸坐在角落里疲惫而又困乏。sleepy困乏的；ill生病的；unsatisfied不满意的；hungry饥饿的，故选A。
32．A.visits B．ways
C．studies D．journeys
答案 A
解析 根据上文可知，我现在上高中，每个月回家一次。每次我停留期间，爸爸仍旧像往常一样保持沉默。visit访问；way路；study学习；journey旅行，故选A。
33．A.or so B．for sure
C．in doubt D．as usual
答案 D
解析 根据上文可知，父亲是不善言谈，我每次在家期间，他仍旧像往常一样沉默不语。or so大约；for sure毫无疑问地；in doubt不能肯定；as usual像往常一样，故选D。
34．A.useful B．worthwhile
C．understandable D．necessary
答案 B
解析 由but推断出尽管父亲像往常一样沉默，但是妈妈说是爸爸开车去其他镇上买了新鲜的海鲜和蔬菜，说只要我喜欢他准备的菜，这一切都是值得的。useful有用的；worthwhile值得做的；understandable可以理解的；necessary必要的，故选B。
35．A.enjoyed B．bought
C．prepared D．consumed
答案 C
解析 参见上题解析。enjoy喜爱；buy买；prepare准备；consume消耗，消费，故选C。
36．A.adopt B．express
C．say D．represent
答案 B
解析 根据上文内容可知，也许爸爸就是不知道如何表达爱，或者我不知道如何识别它。adopt收养，采纳；express表达；say说；represent代表，故选B。
Ⅴ.语法填空 (单元核心词汇运用于语境)
Healthy Eating Habits
Healthy eating habits are very important for our health；we are used to 37.enjoying(enjoy) typical Chinese food，such 38.as spicy，hot pot，chicken feet，pig’s ears and stinky tofu.It is a custom 39.to drink(drink) a cup of Chinese oolong tea in 40.a fine china cup.In others’ view，there’s nothing 41.better(good) than English food.Eating sausages，toast with butter，roast beef and vegetables is a kind of 42.enjoyment(enjoy)．Besides，we should focus on a balanced diet,43.which assures us the necessary vitamins and nutrition.Most 44.importantly(important)，cooking at home and 45.making(make) our meals from fresh，seasonal fruit and vegetables give us a chance 46.to relax(relax)．
Current Attitudes Towards Physical Fitness
Recently we were told by a student that setting aside time for improving his physical fitness would be a total misuse of his working hours.He tried to convince us that he would be no better served by a fitness program than1 by learning to play bridge.The college and his preparations for a career were his only purposes.This student’s opinion is one of the many feelings that people hold about their personal involvement in a physical fitness program.Many people，including college students of all ages，spend little time in physical fitness program.There are various reasons.However，what about the majority(大多数) who could do much more but do so little?
Keep in mind that all people are different and some may progress faster than others2.In the final analysis，we think that although fitness will not guarantee(保证) that you will live longer，it can help you enjoy the years you do live.
靓句运用于写作
1．I suggest that you begin from Beijing，and I’ll show you around.(2019·北京卷，书面表达)
2．First of all，bear in mind that you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time，which is of significance to show your politeness.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷，书面表达)
Period One Starting out & Understanding ideas—Comprehending
匹配左边的单词和右边的汉语意思
[第一组]
1．snack A．火锅
2．hot pot B．烹饪(法)
3．marriage C．婚礼
4．wedding D．小吃，点心
5．cuisine E．婚姻
答案 1.D 2.A 3.E 4.C 5.B
[第二组]
6．super A．典型的，有代表性的
7．butter B．糟糕的
8．typical C．极好的，了不起的
9．sort D．黄油
10．horrible E．种，类
答案 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.E 10.B
[第三组]
11．opinion A．聚集
12．symbol B．意见，看法
13．china C．毒素，毒物，毒药
14．poison D．瓷，瓷料
15．gather E．象征，标志
答案 11.B 12.E 13.D 14.C 15.A
1．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．The writer is British and he only likes western food.
B．The writer’s father is British and he doesn’t like Chinese food.
C．In the writer’s opinion，he feels at home with food from both his two cultures.
D．The writer’s mum is a Chinese and she likes western food.
答案 C
2．Read the passage and match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1 A．I tried different kinds of Chinese food.
Para.2 B．I enjoyed food from both countries.
Para.3 C．I feel at home with food from both cultures.
Para.4 D．Dad was shocked at Chinese food.
Para.5 E．Dad can cook a super “full English breakfast”．
Para.6 F．I enjoyed that sort of food like chicken feet.
答案 Para.1 B Para.2 D Para.3 F Para.4 E Para.5 A Para.6 C
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Which of the following is NOT true about the writer?
A．He grows up in England.
B．He enjoys Chinese food.
C．He doesn’t like stinky tofu at all.
D．He also enjoys western food.
答案 C
2．What kind of Chinese food is Dad’s favorite?
A．Stinky tofu.
B．Chicken feet.
C．Hot pot.
D．Chinese oolong tea.
答案 C
3．Which of the following is TRUE about Mum?
A．She is British and lives in England.
B．She is Chinese and often cooks spicy dishes.
C．She doesn’t enjoy “full English breakfast”．
D．She advises the writer to try stinky tofu.
答案 B
4．Where does this passage probably come from?
A．A TV interview.
B．A food advertisement.
C．A health report.
D．A book review.
答案 C
After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.
My mother is a Chinese 1.whose home town is in Sichuan and she often 2.cooks(cook) spicy dishes.Thanks to that，Dad，who is British 3. has come(come) to love hot pot！But he was 4.shocked(shock) at what Chinese ate like chicken feet.What’s more，he can cook 5. a super “full English breakfast” so that Mum and I like finding a way 6. to get(get) him into the kitchen.We all love his 7.typical(type) Sunday roast.As for me，8.growing(grow) up in England，I enjoy food from both countries.I think I can deal 9.with all Chinese food.There’s nothing 10.better(good) than a cross-cultural afternoon tea.
1．Growing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother，I’ve enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks!
[句式分析] 该句为复合句。I’ve enjoyed food from both countries 是主句；ever since...是时间状语从句，growing up...为现在分词短语作状语。
[自主翻译] 我在英国长大，父亲是英国人，母亲是中国人，自从我能拿起刀叉和筷子，我就喜欢上了两国的食物。
2．He once told me he was surprised by what he saw on the table when he first visited my mother’s parents in China.
[句式分析] 该句为复合句。主句是He once told me...on the table。在主句中，he was surprised by what he saw on the table是宾语从句；在该宾语从句中，又含有从句what he saw on the table，作介词by的宾语；when he ...China 是时间状语从句。
[自主翻译] 有一次他告诉我，当他第一次来到中国拜访我母亲的父母时，他对桌子上的东西感到惊讶。
3．We all love roast beef and vegetables，but Mum says we’d better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies，according to traditional Chinese medicine.
[句式分析] 该句为并列句，but前是简单句，后是复合句。we’d better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies 是宾语从句，其中包含一个as 引导的原因状语从句，according to traditional Chinese medicine 为介词短语作状语。
[自主翻译] 我们都喜欢烤牛肉和蔬菜，但是妈妈说我们最好不要吃太多的烤制食物，因为根据中医学的说法，这可能会让我们遭受体内热量的折磨。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Our story begins at the John Burroughs Elementary School in Washington，D.C.The school’s kindergarten students are staying late today—an hour after classes normally end.The boys and girls are not seeking help with reading skills or mathematics.Instead，they are tasting kale，a vegetable that many of them are eating for the first time.
The school’s teacher Dionne Hammiel says her students have learned healthy eating habits from the program.She hopes they will keep a healthy diet for the rest of their lives.
The program is taught by young people like Karen Davison.She is a member of FoodCorps.The non-profit group gets money from the AmeriCorps National Service Program.Since the beginning of the school year，Ms.Davison has spent each day in this Washington，D.C.classroom.She gives the kindergartners vegetables that many of them have never tasted.She teaches them where their food comes from and how they can choose to eat healthier meals.
FoodCorps was set up five years ago.It sends more than 180 young Americans to 500 schools across the United States.The young people teach students about nutrition and how they can eat healthy food both at school and at home.FoodCorps also works with other groups to plant vegetable gardens in schools and bring healthier food to stores—especially stores in cities.Many small urban stores often sell only packaged food.
Maddie Morales is a member of FoodCorps.She says the group’s work is especially important in the fight against childhood obesity—when a child has too much body fat.She notes that the child obesity rate in the United States is twice what it was 30 years ago.
1．Why are the school’s kindergarten students staying late?
A．They are attending extra classes.
B．They are learning about eating healthily.
C．They are learning how to pick out fresh vegetables.
D．They are being punished because of their poor performance.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“Instead，they are tasting kale...for the first time.”和第二段第一句“The school’s teacher Dionne Hammiel says her students have learned healthy eating habits from the program.”可知，孩子们放学后还没走，是在学习健康饮食。
2．What do we know about FoodCorps?
A．It makes money by selling healthy food.
B．It helps a lot in fighting against childhood obesity.
C．It teaches students how to plant healthy vegetables.
D．It aims at introducing rare vegetables across the United States.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由最后一段第二句“She says the group’s work is especially important in the fight against childhood obesity ...”可知，FoodCorps在解决儿童肥胖问题上的贡献尤为突出。
3．What can we infer from the text?
A．Food sold in city stores is usually unhealthy.
B．Most of the children in the program are overweight.
C．Compared with healthy food，packaged food is cheaper.
D．The problem of overweight is getting worse in the United States.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“She notes that the child obesity rate in the United States is twice what it was 30 years ago.”可知，美国的儿童肥胖问题更为严重了。
B
(2019·河南漯河高中高二检测)
Jackie Rodriguez put on a lot of weight after her first child was born.Then，when her daughter was two，she dropped all the weight with practically no effort.“I wasn’t using any fat burners or shakes ...nothing，” she says.
The change had nothing to do with what Rodriguez ate.Rather，it began when she started a new job that shook up her daily routine.Working in the office of a DJ company near her apartment，she started her work at 5:30 pm.Instead of sharing dinner with her husband at nine，she ate alone at five and went to work.
Night work often leads to weight gain，so Rodriguez’s story might seem to be a quirk.But unlike many such workers Rodriguez clocked out by 11 pm and got a regular night’s sleep.Perhaps even more importantly，she didn’t eat at work or when she got home—just showered and went to bed.
Her main change was moving dinnertime almost four hours earlier.That single，simple change seems to have caused Rodriguez’s weight loss，and scientific research may explain why.
In labs around the world，researchers are developing a completely new understanding of how our bodies work.It seems that our bodies process food fastest when it’s eaten during daylight hours.“That late-night bowl of ice cream may all go toward your waist(腰)，” says UCLA neuroscientist Christopher Colwell.
Just look at Satchidananda Panda’s mice.Panda，a biologist，is a leading expert on how the timing of food eating affects health.His team has found that mice that eat only during their active hours are healthier and thinner than mice that eat the same amount of food over 24 hours.
Encouragingly，when unhealthy mice are allowed to eat only during their daytime，the condition of those having some diseases such as diabetes improves.“It’s likely we can help treat some diseases just by changing when people eat，” Panda says.
4．How did Jackie Rodriguez lose her weight?
A．By working late daily.
B．By changing her dinnertime.
C．By eating a certain kind of food.
D．By having dinner with her family.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由第二段对Jackie Rodriguez的工作和吃饭状况的描述和第四段中的“Her main change was moving dinnertime almost four hours earlier.”可知，她体重减轻是因为她改变了吃饭时间。
5．The underlined word “quirk” in Paragraph 3 means something .
A．strange B．possible
C．interesting D．necessary
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。夜班工作往往造成体重增加，但是Jackie Rodriguez的体重却减轻了，说明她的事例是“奇怪的”。
6．What does Christopher Colwell think of a late-night bowl of ice cream?
A．It can hardly affect our health.
B．It will cause us to put on weight.
C．It will affect how our bodies work.
D．It can be processed fast by our bodies.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由倒数第三段第二句“It seems that our bodies process food fastest when it’s eaten during daylight hours.”和最后一句中的“That late-night bowl of ice cream may all go toward your waist(腰)”可知，Christopher Colwell认为半夜吃冰激凌会增加体重。
7．What happens when some mice’s daily routines are changed?
A．They eat less. B．They get a disease.
C．They are more active. D．They become healthier.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“the condition of those having some diseases such as diabetes improves”可知答案。
C
If you travel to a new exhibit at the San Francisco Greenhouse of Flowers，you will have a chance to see some meat-eating plants.Take bladderworts，a kind of such plant，for example.They appear so small and grow in a quiet pool.But these are the fastest-known killers of the plant kingdom，able to catch a small insect in 1/50 of a second using a trap(陷阱) door!
Once the trap door closes on the animal falling into it，the enzymes(酶) similar to those in the human stomach slowly digest the insect.When dinner is over，the plant opens the trap door and is ready for trap again.
Meat-eating plants grow mostly in wet areas with soil that doesn’t offer much food value.In such conditions these amazing plants have developed insect traps to get their nutritional(营养的) needs over thousands of years.North America has more such plants than any other continent.
Generally speaking，the traps may have attractive appearance to fool the eye，like pitcher plants，which get their name because they look like beautiful pitchers (a container like a bottle) full of honey.
The Asian pitcher plant，for example，has bright colors and an attractive half-closed cover.Curious insects are attracted to come close and take a drink，then fall down the slippery wall to their deaths.
Some of these pitchers are large enough to hold two gallons(7.5 liters)．Meat-eating plants only eat people in science movies，but sometimes a bird or other small animals will discover that a pitcher plant isn’t a good place to get a drink.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。大自然千奇百怪，人们对食肉的动物并不陌生，但你见过食肉的植物吗？本文将为你介绍一二。
8．From Paragraph 1，we can know that meat-eating plants can .
A．catch 50 small insects in a second
B．catch an insect in a short time
C．be found floating on a quiet lake
D．notice an insect in 1/50 of a second
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。第一段以bladderwort为例，它能在1/50秒内将昆虫捉住，说明这种植物捕捉昆虫的速度很快，B项符合文意。
9．What does it mean if the trap door of a meat-eating plant is closed?
A．The plant is fooling insects into taking a drink.
B．The plant is producing honey.
C．The plant is attracting insects to come close.
D．The plant is enjoying a dinner.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。第二段中讲到昆虫落网后，酶开始消化食物，吃完后叶子张开准备再次捕捉昆虫，由此可推知，叶子关闭说明植物正在享受大餐。
10．Meat-eating plants can grow in wet and poor soil because they .
A．can get nutrition from animals
B．don’t need much food value
C．can make the most of such conditions
D．have developed digestive enzymes
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，湿地的土壤不能提供给植物足够的营养。食肉植物能在这些地区生存是因为从落网的昆虫身上汲取营养，以维持生命。
11．We learn from the text that meat-eating plants .
A．are big and tall
B．like to grow in dry land
C．look bright and beautiful
D．are usually covered with hair
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据文中倒数第二、三段可知，食肉植物一般有迷人的外形、鲜亮的颜色，因而很容易吸引昆虫。
Ⅱ.七选五
TV time can cause a loss to your children’s nutrition.Why？Many kids spend a great amount of time in front of the television. 12 Some of the foods shown in commercials(商业广告) don’t do them any good when it comes to feeding their growing brains and bodies.Many are high in fat，sugar，sodium and/or calories and they often lack vitamins，minerals and fiber.
How can you control TV attractions？Registered dietitian(注册营养师) Karen Ansel，MS，RD，offers these tips：
Watch commercials with your kids.
Ask them what they think of the foods being shown and what might be some tasty (more healthful) ones.When kids are making choices，“health” and “nutrition” are not big motivators. 13 Some healthy food will help them run faster，jump higher，and be stronger.
Help your kids learn more about their food.
Teach them to look at an ingredient list and help them “see what’s inside” an advertised food they want to try. 14
15
Have them jump in the kitchen to help out.Kids are naturally curious.Take advantage of their desire for discovery to tell them the amazing flavors，shapes and colors of healthful food.
Put a few limits to TV time.
TV can become the toleration activity for kids—something easy to do for long periods of time. 16 Instead of simply telling kids to turn off the TV，have a few fun choices to take its place，ideally ones that get kids up and active.
A．Bring the kids into the kitchen.
B．Make your kids care about health.
C．There is fast food in advertisements.
D．Link healthful food with things your kids care about.
E．It’s a great way to discuss the nutrient value of the food.
F．Set a few guidelines for when and how much television is OK.
G．Researches show they are easily affected to choose the foods they see advertised.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。食品广告会使儿童形成不健康的饮食习惯，作者提出了四条建议帮助孩子摆脱食品广告的负面影响。
12．答案 G
解析 空格后讲到许多广告中出现的食品对孩子的大脑和身体成长毫无益处，G项中的“foods they see advertised”与下文中的“foods shown in commercials”相呼应，故选G。
13．答案 D
解析 空格前讲到孩子们在选择食物时，“健康”和“营养”对他们的影响不大。D项“把健康的食品和孩子们所关心的事情联系起来”承接上文。
14．答案 E
解析 前面一句提到，家长要教孩子查看食品成分表，E项“讨论食物的营养价值是个好方法”符合语境。
15．答案 A
解析 设空处为本段主题句。本段主要介绍要激发起孩子的好奇心，让孩子到厨房了解健康的食品是什么样的。A项中的kitchen与主题相呼应。
16．答案 F
解析 本段主题为限制孩子看电视的时间，F项中的television与其相呼应，且空格后提到不要只是告诉孩子关掉电视，由此可知，告诉孩子什么时候看电视以及看多长时间是有效的方法，故选F。
Period Three Using language & Developing ideas
Ⅰ.Read the passage and judge whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F)．
1．All of these five people are too busy to do cooking by themselves.(F)
2．Mike is a chef with five children and he likes doing much cooking at home.(F)
3．As a teacher，Jenny likes cooking at home to get a chance to relax.(T)
Ⅱ.Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．The suggestions about what you eat.
B．The suggestions about how to keep a healthy diet.
C．The suggestions about improving eating habits.
D．The test about “You are what you eat”．
答案 D
2．What is the truth behind the saying “You are what you eat”？
A．Keep a good eating habit.
B．Eat fresh，seasonal fruit and vegetables.
C．Diet can reflect a person’s personality and living environment.
D．A good diet is important for good health.
答案 C
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Ellie is a doctor and she has a good eating habit.
B．Ted likes to eat a big meat dinner because of tiredness.
C．Max has three healthy meals every day.
D．Jenny’s husband doesn’t like cooking at home.
答案 B
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．download v．下载(信息或程序)
2．diet n．日常饮食
3．tip n．指点，建议
4．custom n．风俗，习惯，传统
5．manners n．礼貌，礼仪
6．trick n．诀窍，技巧，技法
7．within prep.在……里
8．swing v．(使)(前后)摆动，(使)摇摆
9．honey n．蜂蜜
10．chef n．厨师
11．identify v．确定，发现
12．adapt v．(使)适应，(使)适合
13．fun_ction n．功能；作用→functional adj.实用的；功能的
14．related adj.有关系的，相关的→relate v．与……有联系，相关联→relative n．亲戚→relation n．关系
15．addict n．对……着迷的人→addicted adj.入迷的，上瘾的→addiction n．上瘾，沉溺
16．differ v．不同，有区别→different adj.不同的
17．slightly adv.略微，稍微→slight adj.轻微的，少量的
18．recommend v．推荐→recommendation n．推荐信
19．attack v．侵袭，攻击→attacker n．攻击者
20．satisfying adj.令人高兴的，令人满意的→satisfy v．使满意，使满足→satisfied adj.感到满意的→satisfaction n．满意
21．convenient adj.方便的，便利的→conveniently adv.便利地→convenience n．便利
22．originally adv.原先，最初→original adj.原先的，最初的
掌握规律 巧记单词
attack ?v.攻击?＋er?后缀，表示人，动作者?→attacker?n.攻击者?
fight?v.战斗?＋er→fighter?n.战士?
work?v.工作?＋er→worker?n.工人?
write ?v.写?＋er→writer?n.作家?
think?v.思考?＋er→thinker?n.思想家?
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．work out 解决，算出；实现
2．in case 以防万一
3．pick up 拿起；捡起，学会；买，购买
4．belong to 属于
5．end up最终处于，到头来
6. catch up打听，别后叙谈
7. bring up教育；养育；提出
8. more or less 或多或少
9．be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
10．such as 例如
11. share...with... 同……分享……
12．try out 试用，试验
Ⅲ.经典句式
1. too...to太……以至于不能
My fridge is usually half empty and I’m often too tired to eat much anyway.我的冰箱通常是半空的，而且我经常都是太累了以至于不想吃太多。
2．the way后跟定语从句
As a doctor，I know I had better change the way I eat，but I just don’t have the time or the energy right now.
作为一名医生，我知道我最好改变我的饮食方式，但我现在没有时间和精力。
3. 动名词作主语；a chance＋to do表示“做……的机会”
Cooking together gives us a chance to relax and catch up on each other’s days.一起做饭给了我们一个放松的机会，聊聊彼此白天发生的事情。
4．where引导定语从句
Sometimes I bring home food from the restaurant where I work.
有时我从我工作的餐馆带食物回家。
重点词汇
Can you guess which fridge belongs to which person？你能猜出哪台冰箱属于哪个人吗？
?belong to属于
※belong to属于，没有被动形式，也不用于完成时和进行时。后面要接宾格代词或名词作宾语。
※belongings n．所有物；财产
(1)Think of the people who belong to book groups.
想想那些属于图书小组的人。
(2)The house belonging(belong) to my grandfather was sold yesterday.
属于我爷爷的那套房子昨天被卖掉了。
(3)Later，he took all his belongings(belong) to France.后来，他带着全部财产去了法国。
If we have children，I want to bring them up just like us，but my husband says that everyone should be able to make their own lifestyle choices.如果我们有孩子，我想教育他们就像我们一样，但是我丈夫说每个人都应该能够选择自己的生活方式。
?bring up抚养；培养；教育；提出；呕吐
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中bring up的汉语意思
(1)The old woman brought up five children.养育
(2)David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.教导
(3)The greedy child brought up all he had eaten.呕吐
bring in引进；获利；赚钱
bring out出版；使显现
bring about引起；导致
bring down使倒下；减少；降低
(4)He was brought up in Hannibal，Missouri，along the Mississippi River.
他在密西西比河畔密苏里州的汉尼拔长大。
(5)We need to bring in some new blood.
我们需要输入一些新鲜血液。
(6)His carelessness brought about his failure in the exam.他的粗心导致了考试的失败。
(7)Could you please bring down the price a little?
你把价格降一点好吗？
I know we should eat more fresh fruit and vegetables，but ready meals are so convenient.我知道我们应该多吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜，但是即时餐确实很方便。
?convenient adj.方便的，便利的
※convenience n．便利；方便
for convenience为方便起见
at sb.’s convenience在某人方便时
※It is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人方便做某事。
(1)It is convenient for people to do some shopping online now.现在人们网上购物很方便。
(2)Please come to see me at your convenience.
＝Please come to see me if it is convenient for/to you.
请在你方便时来看我。
注意：convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应用when it is convenient for you表示，而不是when you are convenient。
(3)If it is convenient，I’ll go to see him this weekend.如果方便，我这个周末去看他。
Visual information， such as photos and illustrations，can support reading and help you identify the theme and content of a text.视觉信息，如照片和插图，可以支持阅读，并帮助您识别文本的主题和内容。
?such as例如，比如
for example例如
that is即……
(1)English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.
在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲一些国家，例如南非，人们也说英语。
[易混辨析] such as，for example
※ such as用来罗列同类人或物中的几个例子，可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，但其后不能用逗号。
※for example强调举例说明，而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语，且用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。
(2)The farm grows many kinds of crops，such as wheat，corn，cotton and rice.这个农场种植很多种庄稼，例如小麦、玉米、棉花和水稻。
(3)A lot of people here，for example，Mr John，would rather have coffee.
这儿的许多人，例如约翰先生，宁愿喝咖啡。
(4)I have two friends.That is，Tom and Lucy.
我有两个朋友，即汤姆和露西。
What’s more，it is easy to make and can be adapted to individual tastes. 更重要的是，它很容易制作并能迎合个人口味。
?adapt v．使适应，使适合；改写，改编
※adapt oneself to适应
adapt A for B 将A改编为B
adapt A from B 根据B改编A
※adaptable adj.有适应能力的，能适应的
※adaptation n．适应；改编本，改写本
(1)It took him a while to adapt himself to the new surroundings.
他过了好一阵子才适应新环境。
(2)It is said that the TV play is adapted from a novel.据说这部电视剧改编自一部小说。
(3)Successful businesses are highly adaptable(adapt) to economic change.
成功的企业高度适应经济变化。
(4)Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.
这里我要强调一些在气候适应方面更聪明、更具创造性的例子。
(5)Three of her novels have been adapted for television by a famous director.
她的三部小说已被一位著名导演改编成电视剧。
So，don’t forget to pick up some chicken on your way home and try this recipe out！所以，别忘了在回家的路上买些鸡肉，试试这个食谱！
?pick up v．捡起；收集；接人；偶然结识；站起，扶起；振作精神；(不费力地)学会；获得
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中pick up的汉语意思
(1)He picked up the child and put her on his shoulders.抱起
(2)But we have to survive，so I have to pick myself up，and then continue my work.振作精神
(3) The next morning，my mum came to pick me up.开车接
(4)She’s talking with the man she picked up on holiday.偶然结识
(5)She soon picked up French when she went to live in France.学会
pick and choose挑三拣四，仔细挑选
pick on故意挑剔；故意找茬
pick out挑选出
pick sb.to do sth.挑选某人做某事
(6)It’s not easy to pick out the best actor for this play，because they’re all so good.
要在这出戏里选出最佳演员可真不容易，因为他们都演得十分出色。
(7)They always pick on her when anything goes wrong.
每当事情出了什么差错，他们总是责怪她。
(8)When I was in the third grade，I was picked to be(be) the princess in the school play.
在三年级时，我被选为校园剧中的公主。
经典句式
As a doctor，I know I had better change the way I eat，but I just don’t have the time or energy right now.作为一名医生，我知道我最好改变我的饮食方式，但我现在没有时间和精力。
the way I eat我的饮食方式，这里I eat作the way的定语。way作“方式”解，且其关系词在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句用in which或that引导，也可省略关系词。当the/a way后面的定语从句缺少主语或宾语时，关系词用that或which，作宾语时可省略。
(1)I hate the way (that/in which) you answer back with your mother.我讨厌你那样和妈妈顶嘴。
(2)The way (that/which) he explained to us was quite simple.他给我们解释的方法很简单。
(3)I don’t like the way (that/in which) you talk to your children.我不喜欢你和孩子们谈话的方式。
Sometimes I bring home food from the restaurant where I work.有时我从我工作的餐馆带食物回家。
这是一个复合句。where在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词restaurant，在从句中作状语，这里的where可用“in which”替换。
※当先行词是表示地点的名词，如place，room，mountain，airport等，同时关系词在从句作地点状语时，定语从句需用关系副词where来引导。
※除了具体的地点名词外，当先行词为system，case，point，position，situation，stage，condition，industry，activity，job，race，scene，circumstance等抽象的地点名词，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，也常用where引导定语从句。
(1)Then we moved to Paris，where we lived for six years.
然后我们搬到了巴黎，我们在那里住了六年。
(2)Students should take part in some activities where they can gain experience.
学生们应该参加一些他们能获得经验的活动。
(3)Can you think of a case where the word is properly used?
你能想出一个恰当使用这个词的情境吗？
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The house belonging(belong) to the old man is on show at the moment.
2．It was said that she was brought up by her aunt.
3．The Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient(convenience)．
4．I know many of them，such as John，Peter and Tom.
5．Can you imagine such conditions where you have nothing to live on for a week?
6．She packed her few belongings(belong) in a bag and left.
7．It’s not safe to travel by standing at the roadside hoping to be picked(pick) up by passing motorists.
Ⅱ.完成句子
8．This is the room where/in which his elder brother once lived.这是他哥哥曾住过的房间。
9．If it is convenient for you，I’ll go to see you on Sunday morning.
如果你方便的话，我会在星期天上午去看你。
10．However，on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way (that/in which) people speak.
但是，从电视上和收音机上，你会听到不同的人有着不同的说话方式。
11．As time went by，I gradually adapted myself to the school life.
随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。
Ⅲ.课文缩写——概要写作
下面是根据课文内容写的一篇60词左右的内容概要，请根据括号内的汉语提示完成短文。
As we all know,12.lifestyle is of great importance(生活方式是很重要的) in daily life.Each person 13.has a chance to choose the way (that/which) he or she likes(有机会选择其喜欢的方式).14.Take eating habits for example(以饮食习惯为例)，some of us are busy working，studying，and meeting friends so 15.they are often too tired to do much cooking(他们太过劳累以至于不经常做饭) at home.Bad eating habits more or less affect our health.16. Cooking at home with fresh，seasonal fruit and vegetables(用新鲜的时令水果和蔬菜做饭) is beneficial to us.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The machine will not fun_ction(运转) properly if it is not kept well oiled.
2．It is difficult to get used to another country’s customs(风俗)．
3．It is good manners(礼貌) for an Arab to stand close to his friends when they are talking.
4．She doesn’t eat a very healthy diet.
5．On hearing the joke，I was unable to resist laughing.
Ⅱ.选词填空
6．Not only this dictionary but also these books belong to me.
7．The workers are busy loading the truck with the goods.
8．Charlie cuts off the leather top of the shoe and shares the shoe with the other fellow.
9．I picked up an evening paper on the way home.
10．Their language and customs differ from ours as we are from different countries.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
11．The artists combined different(differ) techniques in the same painting.
12．The old town was attacked(attack) by a heavy storm last night.
13．It can be very satisfying(satisfy) to work in the garden.
14．You need to use some official(office) letters to invite him.
15．Adapted(adapt) from a short novel，the film was very popular with us.
Ⅳ.单句写作
16．如果你足够幸运，取得了成功，你应该回报一些东西。(enough...to)
If you’re fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back.
17．我们到得太晚了，没能赶上八点的火车。(too...to)
We arrived too late to catch the train leaving at eight.
18．他到了不得不自己做决定的阶段了。
He reached a stage where he had to make his own decision.
19．互联网使我们相互联系更便利了。(It is convenient...to do)
It is convenient for us to get in touch with each other through the Internet.
20．像《侏罗纪公园》这些影片，证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。(such...as)
The films such as Jurassic Park，prove how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people’s hearts.
能力提升
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
Have you wondered about the amount of time we spend talking about food and been surprised？We are always asking questions such as “Have you ever eaten？” and “What did you have for lunch？” Yet，if you travel from one country to another，you might find that other nations think differently about food.People plan to think that what they eat is normal and what everyone else eats is strange.In most parts of Asia，for example，no meal is complete without rice but in England，rice is the exception and people prefer to eat potatoes.In the Middle East，bread accompanies every meal.
Eating，like so many things we do，becomes a habit that is difficult to change.The Americans seem to like drinking lots of orange juice and coffee；the English prefer to drink tea four or five times a day；the Australians prefer to drink a lot of beer；the French like wine every day.
People in different countries also like eating different kinds of meat and even within countries，different regions will have different likes and dislikes，especially in large countries like China and the former Soviet Union.In Hong Kong and the south of China，some people enjoy eating snakes but in the north of China，most people refuse to eat them.The French think that horse meat is delicious but most English people are terrified at the thought of eating it.The New Zealanders eat a lot of lamb and mutton，but never goat.The Japanese say that they do not like eating lamb and mutton because of their smell，but that they really enjoy eating raw fish more than anything else.
So it seems that there is often very little common sense about what is nicest to eat or drink in different parts of the world although we may talk on the subject of food for hours.However，as people everywhere enjoy eating what they have always eaten，there seems very little point in trying to change traditional eating habits.
21．The topic people spend a lot of time talking about is .
A．lunch B．breakfast
C．dinner D．food
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，人们花大量的时间谈论食物，故选D。
22．Bread is necessary in every meal in .
A．the Middle East B．America
C．England D．Asia
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段末句“In the Middle East，bread accompanies every meal.”可知，面包在中东国家人们的每顿饭中必不可少，故选A。
23．In England，people prefer to eat .
A．rice B．potatoes
C．corn D．bread
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...but in England，rice is the exception and people prefer to eat potatoes.”可知英国人偏爱吃土豆。故选B。
B
Some people love eating food right after it is cooked.I prefer food just taken out from the freezer.Fruit，candies，nuts，chocolate，cake with buttercream frosting(糖霜)，even peas，all of them taste delicious when frozen.In fact，I often eat them that way.
I was a kid when I picked up the habit.In my family，lots of things were thrown into the freezer—finally，two freezers—to prevent them from going bad.Among them were some of the candies my sisters and I had collected on Halloween.
If we eat when they are still warm，we’ll find ourselves taking the cookies more than we should.It’s better if we can put them into the freezer and wait.That way we’ll eat less and enjoy them more because they are hard and chewing becomes a slower，more patient effort.That’s the point about frozen buttercream frosting.Put it in your mouth at room temperature，and it’s gone very quickly.But when it’s frozen，you can enjoy the taste much longer as it melts(融化) in your mouth.
The freezer treats a lot of fruit kindly.Take frozen grapes for example.I keep a bowl of grapes in my freezer.They become a little icy，and somehow their sweetness is improved.They are perfect and healthy dessert(点心)．This is the same with oranges，apples，bananas...You might think bananas would get super-hard when frozen.Wrong！They become cool，creamy and sweet.If you have wisely covered some or all of the bananas with melted chocolate before putting them into the freezer，they will have a double taste.
As long as you aren’t eating anything that truly has to be hot，go ahead and experiment.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与别人截然不同的爱好——喜欢吃冰箱里冷冻过的东西，并分析了自己喜欢这种吃法的原因。最后，作者建议大家也都来试一下。
24．What is the passage intended to tell us?
A．Fruit should be frozen before one eats it.
B．Frozen food is better than hot food.
C．The author prefers frozen food.
D．Hot food is not healthy.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由文章第一段中的“I prefer food just taken out from the freezer...often eat them that way.”可推知作者喜欢吃冷冻食品。下文都是围绕作者喜欢这样做的原因而展开的。故选C项。
25．The author began to enjoy frozen food when he .
A．was young B．learned cooking
C．got married D．got a fever
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句可知A项正确。
26．Why does the author NOT advise us to take hot cookies?
A．Because they need more time to prepare.
B．Because the taste is not good when they are hot.
C．Because they are too delicious to avoid our overeating.
D．Because we may eat them quickly and enjoy them less.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由文章第三段可推知，我们吃冷冻的曲奇饼时可以慢慢地享受，反之，吃热的曲奇饼时我们会吃得快而不能好好地享受它们的美味。故选D项。
27．What does the underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refer to?
A．The taste.
B．Buttercream.
C．The cookie.
D．Frozen buttercream frosting.
答案 D
解析 代词指代题。由前文信息“That’s the point about frozen buttercream frosting...when it’s frozen...”可知，画线单词it指代frozen buttercream frosting，故D项正确。
Ⅵ.七选五
In the world nothing is more important than health.If people took away our money，houses，cars，or even our clothes，we could still survive. 28 Then how can we keep healthy?
First of all，we should eat healthily.I usually avoid eating food high in fat，like French fries or cookies，which are junk food. 29 I only eat little meat. 30 It helps us build a strong body.Regular exercise is an important part of keeping me healthy.In addition，I think friends are an important part of one’s health. 31 I always feel better when I am with friends than when I am alone.When I am with my friends，I always laugh.Laughing is also an important part of health.It is good to stay with my friends.
By eating properly and exercising regularly，I can keep my body at a proper weight and keep healthy.By spending time with my friends，I can keep my mind as well as my body happy.These things sound easy to do，but many people can’t manage them. 32
A．What’s more，taking exercise is very important.
B．Some people appear fat because they often eat too much.
C．I think a strong will is necessary if we want to keep fit.
D．I eat a lot of vegetables and fresh fruits which are full of vitamins.
E．There are some people who like staying alone，but they keep healthy.
F．But if our health were taken away，we could surely die.
G．Many studies show that people with few friends often get sick.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了健康的重要性以及如何保持健康。保持身心健康要吃得健康、多做运动、与朋友交往、多笑。注意饮食和运动让“我”身体健康，和朋友待在一起让“我”心灵健康。
28．答案 F
解析 此空是一个承接句。句意为：如果没有钱、房子、车甚至衣服，我们都可以活下来，可是如果没有了健康，我们肯定会死。故选F。
29．答案 D
解析 这是第一条建议，讲的是饮食，“我”通常不会吃高脂肪的食物，“我”很少吃肉，“我”吃大量富含维生素的蔬菜和新鲜水果，故选D。
30．答案 A
解析 这是第二条建议，多做运动。后面有暗示：经常锻炼是“我”保持健康的重要组成部分，故选A。
31．答案 G
解析 这是第三条建议，当“我”和朋友在一起时比“我”独处时心情要好得多，此空强调的是朋友的重要性，故选G。
32．答案 C
解析 这些建议听起来容易但是很少有人成功做到了，所以保持健康需要付出努力，保持健康也需要我们有强大的意志力，故选C。
Ⅶ.微写作
请写一篇有关饮食健康的50词左右的短文，至少使用5个下表中所列词汇，并用下划线标出。
参考范文
In the daily diet，people must have been reminded of keeping healthy eating habits.With life getting better，they often go out for meals and eat more or less junk food，which makes them attacked by disease easily.Besides，people are so busy working that they eat all sorts of instant food.These bad eating habits are of harm to our health.
Period Two Starting out & Understanding ideas —Language points
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．pudding n．布丁
2．snack n．(正餐以外的)小吃，点心
3．spicy adj.(食物)加有香料的，辛辣的
4．dare v．胆敢，敢于
5．wedding n．婚礼
6．butcher n．肉贩
7．toast n．烤面包(片)，吐司
8．roast n．大块烤肉 adj.烤好的，烤制的
9．stinky adj.难闻的，有臭味的
10．gather v．聚集
11．bite n．咬
12．cheese n．干酪，奶酪
13．someday adv.将来会有一天，有朝一日
14．china n．瓷，瓷料
15．cuisine n．烹饪(法)
16．sort n．种，类
17．opinion n．意见，看法
18．marriage n．婚姻→marry v．嫁；娶；结婚
19．typical adj.典型的，有代表性的→type n．类型 v．打字
20．suffer v．(身体或精神上)受苦→suffering n．苦难 adj.受苦的
21．horrible adj.糟糕的→horribly adv.可怕地，非常地
22．poison n．毒素，毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的
23．symbol n．象征，标志→symbolic adj.象征的；符号的
掌握规律 巧记单词
marry?v.嫁，娶，与……结婚?＋后缀age→marriage?n.婚姻?
如：short?adj.短的，不足的?＋age→shortage?n.缺乏，不足?
use?v.使用?＋age→usage?n.用法?
store?v.贮藏?＋age→storage?n.贮藏?
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．ever since自从
2．thanks to由于，幸亏
3．be surprised by对……惊奇
4．be shocked at对……感到震惊
5．take to喜欢上
6．too much太多
7．suffer from遭受，忍受
8．according to根据
9．deal with处理；应付
10．come across 偶遇，遇到
11．fall in love with爱上，喜欢上
12．feel at home感觉自在
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．现在分词短语作状语；ever since
Growing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mother，I’ve enjoyed food from both countries ever since I was able to hold a knife and fork—and chopsticks.我在英国长大，父亲是英国人，母亲是中国人，自从我能拿起刀叉和筷子，我就喜欢上了两国的食物。
2．must have done表示对过去的肯定猜测
He must have thought I was joking.
他一定认为我在开玩笑。
3．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级
To me，there’s nothing better than a cross-cultural afternoon tea of English biscuits and a cup of Chinese oolong tea in a fine china cup!
对我来说，没有什么比英式饼干和在瓷杯里泡一杯乌龙茶这种跨文化的下午茶更好的了！
重点词汇
Thanks to this，Dad has come to love hot pot！ 因为这一点，父亲开始喜欢上火锅。
?thanks to由于，幸亏
表示“由于，因为”的短语还有：because of，owing to，
due to，on account of。
(1)Thanks to your help，I am successful in the end.
多亏了你的帮助，我最终成功了。
(2)They moved here because of the baby.
他们为了孩子而搬家到这里。
(3)Thanks to his help，my speech was so successful that everyone cheered for me.多亏了他的帮助，我的演出才如此成功，人人都为我喝彩。
He was even shocked at their wedding when...他甚至对他们的婚礼感到震惊……
?be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊
※shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊
be a shock to...使……震惊
※shocked adj.感到震惊的
be shocked to do sth.因做某事而感到震惊
be shocked that...对……感到震惊
※shocking adj.令人震惊的
(1)All of us are shocked at his situation in the company.我们大家都对他在公司的处境感到震惊。
(2)I was shocked to hear(hear) the news that he had been fired.听到他被解雇的消息，我很震惊。
(3)The ending of this play is very shocking(shock)．
这出戏的结局真令人震惊。
[一句多译]
(4)这个消息让会上的人们很是震惊。
①The news made the people at the meeting very shocked.
②The people at the meeting were shocked at/by the news.
But I enjoy that sort of food myself. 但是我自己也喜欢那种食物。
?sort n．种类；方式v.分类；挑选
※sort out分类；整理；(从……中)挑选出
sort out...from...把……从……中挑选/辨别出来
※a sort of一种
all sorts of各种各样的
sort of有点儿，有几分；稍微(作副词用，修饰其后的形容词和动词)
(1)He spent an hour sorting out the emails he had received.
他花了一个小时将他收到的电子邮件分类。
(2)We must sort out the good apples from the bad ones.
咱们得把好的苹果拣出来，同坏的那些分开。
(3)Sort out the following messages that are mixed up to make complete sentences containing attributive clauses.把下面混乱的信息整理成含有定语从句的完整的句子。
(4)There are all sorts of flowers in the garden in the center of the city.
在城市中心的花园里有各种各样的花。
(5)He looked sort of bored with the film and left the cinema without finishing it.他看上去对这部电影有点厌烦，没看完就离开了电影院。
He also does a typical Sunday roast. 他也会做典型的周日烧烤。
?typical adj.典型的，有代表性的
※be typical of典型的，特有的
It is typical of sb.to do sth.某人做某事是经常的；某人一贯好做某事。
※typically adv.通常，一般；典型地；果然
(1)Since I’m here，I’d like to try typical dishes of this country.
既然来了，我想品尝这个国家的特色菜。
(2)Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of actors.
我们两个都具有演员典型的品质和优点。
(3)Typically(typical)，he would come late and then say that he had to go early.
他一向是来得很晚，然后又总说他得早走。
We all love roast beef and vegetables，but Mum says we’d better not eat too much roast food as it may make us suffer from heat inside our bodies，according to traditional Chinese medicine.我们都喜欢吃烤牛肉和蔬菜，但妈妈说我们最好不要吃太多的烤制食品，因为根据中医的说法，这可能会让我们遭受体内热量的折磨。
?suffer from遭受；忍受；患病
※suffer vt.& vi.遭受，蒙受；受苦；感到疼痛
suffer loss/pain遭受损失/痛苦
※suffering n．痛苦，疼痛；苦难；折磨
※sufferer n．患病者；受苦者
[易混辨析] suffer，suffer from
※suffer指“遭受苦痛、损失，忍受侮辱”等，其宾语通常为pain，loss，damage，punishment，defeat，hardship，discouragement，disappointment等抽象名词。
※suffer from指“遭受战争、自然灾害等带来的苦难及患病之苦”，其后常接表示疾病或造成不幸或痛苦的事物的名词。
注意：二者一般不用于被动语态。
[图解助记]
(1)The people in this country have suffered a lot because of the war.
战争让这个国家的人民深受其害。
(2)The patient said that he had suffered from a bad back.那个病人说他患过背疼。
(3)The new plant can’t suffer the cold weather，so the researchers are trying to deal with it.
这种新植物不能经受寒冷的天气，所以研究人员正在设法处理。
But just when I thought I could deal with all Chinese food，I came across stinky tofu，a horrible grey thing that looked and smelt like a burnt sports shoe.
但就在我以为我能应付所有中国菜的时候，我遇到了臭豆腐，一个可怕的灰色的东西，看起来，闻起来像是烧焦的运动鞋。
?deal with对付；处理；安排；涉及，论及，关于；和……做生意
deal with与do with都有“处理”之意，但deal with常与how连用；do with常与what连用。
(1)How are you going to deal with the air pollution of this area?
你们打算怎样处理这一地区的空气污染？
(2)I hear that such people are difficult to deal with.
我听说，这种人不好对付。
(3)This is a book dealing with the planting of flowers and trees in Africa.
这是一本有关非洲花草树木种植的书籍。
[一句多译]
(4)交通事故发生后你怎样处理？
①How do you deal with a traffic accident after it happens?
②What do you do with a traffic accident after it happens?
It reminded me of blue cheese，a similarly strong smelling type of food you either love or hate.这让我想起了蓝奶酪，一种味道同样很重的食物，你要么喜欢，要么讨厌。
?remind...of...使……想起……
remind sb.that...提醒某人……
remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事
(1)The pictures reminded me of my school days.
这些照片使我想起了学生时代。
(2)I reminded him that he must go home before dark.
我提醒他必须在天黑前回家。
(3)Remind me to write(write) to my mother if I forget it.如果我忘了，请提醒我给妈妈写信。
(4)Reminded(remind) not to speak loud in the library，the students lowered their voice.被提醒不要在图书馆大声说话，学生们降低了声音。
经典句式
He must have thought I was joking. 他一定以为我在开玩笑。
※本句中must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定；想必”，语气十分肯定。属于“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”结构。
※“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的其他形式：
①should have done在语义上相当于ought to have done，表示“过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做”；shouldn’t have done表示“过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了”。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。
②may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。
③can/could have done表示“本来可以做而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中can’t have done多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。
④needn’t have done表示“本来不必做某事而实际上却做了”。
(1)He must have been punished，for he is upset today.他肯定是受到了惩罚，因为他今天很沮丧。
(2)You shouldn’t have taken away my dictionary，for I wanted to use it.
你本不应该拿走我的字典，因为我要用它。
(3)He should have started earlier，but he didn’t.
他本应该早点出发，但是他没有。
(4)They can’t have left；it was raining so heavily then.雨下得很大，他们不可能离开了。
(5)You needn’t have come；I have finished the work.
你没有必要来，我已经完成了这项工作。
To me，there’s nothing better than a cross-cultural afternoon tea of English biscuits and a cup of Chinese oolong tea in a fine china cup！
对我来说，没有什么比英式饼干和在瓷杯里泡一杯乌龙茶这种跨文化的下午茶更好的了！
本句中nothing better than为形容词的比较级与否定词连用，表达最高级的含义。常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等，其意义为“再也没有……比这更……的了”。
(1)In my opinion，nothing is more pleasant than traveling.在我看来，没有什么比旅行更令人愉快的了。
(2)I can’t think of a better(good) idea although I know it isn’t the effective way.
尽管我知道这不是一个有效的方法，但我确实想不出一个更好的方法。
(3)I have never spent a more worrying(worry) day.
我从来没有经历过比这更令人担忧的一天了。
(4)—Did you sleep well last night in our hotel，Mr Smith?
—Never better，like a rock.
——史密斯先生，你昨夜在我们旅馆睡得好吗？
——从没这么好过，睡得很沉。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Mothers typically(typical) worry about their children.
2．Most of us were shocked(shock) at the news about the young boy.
3．The man suffered from stomachache when he was in France.
4．The little girl is learning to deal with such a hard situation.
5．They sing and dance happily，which reminds me of my experience.
6．I like all sorts(sort) of food—I’m not fussy(挑剔的)．
Ⅱ.完成句子
7．He knows much about the city.He must have been there.他对那座城市了解很多，他肯定去过那儿。
8．Nobody loves money better than my neighbor.
没有比我邻居更喜欢钱的了。
9．Finding that her friend was heart-broken，she decided to comfort him.
发现朋友伤心欲绝，她决定安慰一下他。
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As is advertised，there will be all sorts(种，类) of paper-cuttings shown on the exhibition.
2．It is typical(典型的) of her to keep others waiting for a long time.
3．The hotel reminds(提醒) me of the one we stayed in last year.
4．She had no idea where the cheese(奶酪) came from.
5．Unless you respect other people’s religions，horrible(可怕的) mistakes will occur.
6．He was bitten by a poisonous spider，and his mother treated his hand with an old folk cure—setting his hand on fire.
7．Fe is the chemical symbol(标志) of iron.
8．The whole family gathered together at Ray’s home last night.
9．Death finally brought an end to his suffering.
10．Their marriage ended in divorce in 2017 because of conflicting personality.
Ⅱ.选词填空
11．This means that it should clean the house，mop the floors，cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls.
12．I have never come across anyone quite like her before.
13．I don’t want them to remind me of her because she went abroad.
14．There are so many packages to sort out every day.
15．I have taken to getting up at six and going jogging.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
16．The first time he had a dinner with a girl，he felt sort of nervous.
17．Thanks to their timely help，we reached the airport on time.
18．If you come(come) to visit China，you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety.
19．The soldiers were shocked(shock) by what they saw there.
20．Most of us couldn’t say a word at the amazing(amaze) news.
Ⅳ.单句写作
21．约翰为什么认为一定是玛丽偷了桌子上的书？(must have done)
Why did John think Mary must have stolen the book on the desk?
22．这对老夫妇自从他们出生就住在这座城市。(ever since引导时间状语从句)
The old couple has lived in this city ever since they were born.
23．这位老人坐在椅子上，听着音乐。(现在分词作状语)
The old man was sitting in the chair，listening to music.
能力提升
Ⅴ.阅读理解
Some years ago，a 28-year-old Californian wife and mother of three children died from drinking too much water.Her body was found in her home shortly after she took part in a water-drinking contest that was held by a local radio show.Called “Hold Your Wee For A Wii”，the contest organizers promised a free Wii video game machine to those who drank the most water without going to the bathroom.The woman who died drank about 2 gallons of water during the contest.When she and other participants complained of discomfort and showed signs of pains，they were laughed at by the organizers.
This tragic news story shows the importance of understanding why drinking too much water can be dangerous to your health.
Consuming more water than you need can increase your total blood volume(容量)．And since your blood volume exists within a closed system，increasing your blood volume puts unnecessary stress on your heart and blood vessels(血管)．Your kidneys(肾) must work overtime to get rid of extra water out of your system.Your kidneys are not a pair of pipes.Flushing more water through your kidneys doesn’t necessarily help it become cleaner.Rather，your kidneys can get damaged by unnecessary wear and tear over time.And drowning your system with large amounts of water is one of many potential causes of kidney damage.
Putting unnecessary stress on your system and your kidneys by consuming unnecessary water is an unnoticeable process.For the average person，it is usually impossible to know that this stress exists，as there are usually no obvious symptoms on a moment-to-moment basis.But make no mistake about it: this stress is real and can hurt your health over the long term.
24．Why is the Californian woman mentioned?
A．To lead to the topic of the text.
B．To tell us a tragic news story about a mother.
C．To tell us it can be dangerous to take part in contests.
D．To tell us how much water we can drink at most one time.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。本文主要是讲过量饮水对身体有害，而提到那个加州女人的故事是为了引出这个话题。故选A。
25．When the participants showed signs of pains，the organizers .
A．became very concerned
B．were laughed at by others
C．tried to reduce their pains
D．didn’t pay much attention to them
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“When she and other participants complained of...were laughed at by the organizers.”可知，那些组织者并没怎么在意参赛者们的痛苦。
26．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A．How water is consumed in our body.
B．The importance of water to our health.
C．Why drinking too much water is dangerous.
D．The fun_ction of kidneys in consuming water.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。由第三段最后两句可知，本段主要解释了过量饮水为什么对身体有害。
27．The stress caused by consuming unnecessary water .
A．isn’t that dangerous
B．can never be found out
C．is really harmful in the long run
D．leads to some obvious symptoms
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句“But make no...can hurt your health over the long term.”可知，过量饮水从长远来看对健康非常有害。
Ⅵ.完形填空
Everyone needs water and a diet 28 healthy foods.These foods should 29 some fat，some fiber，a little salt and so on.
People need energy to live.They eat all kinds of foods 30 change into energy.Our bodies use different 31 of energy.The energy is measured in calories(卡路里)．The more 32 we take，the more calories we burn.Even when you are 33 ，you are using energy—about 65 calories an hour.While you are at school，or walking home，your body is 34 up 100 calories an hour.When playing football or basketball，you might be using 400 calories an hour.On 35 Day，during the relay race，you will use most of all，perhaps as 36 as 650 calories an hour.
The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world.It contains a lot of fruit and green vegetables.It is 37 in fiber and low in sugar and fat.The Chinese eat less sugar than many 38 countries in the world.That is 39 lots of people in China have white teeth.
People in the Western world do not eat 40 healthy foods.They eat too much fat and sugar and don’t take 41 exercise.Because of this，they 42 very easily.In order to 43 with the quick pace(步伐) of their life and work，they eat a lot of fast food.They eat a lot of sweets，soft drinks，potato crisps，chocolates，butter，ice creams and so on， 44 are called 45 food by some epicureans(美食家)．The result is that many of them become fat.In order to avoid 46 fat and 47 ，it is advisable(明智的) to eat a balanced diet and not eat too many foods that have a high calorie rate.
语篇解读 本文介绍了人们对饮食的需要、中国饮食的特点以及西方人饮食方面存在的不足。
28．A.above B．of
C．at D．over
答案 B
解析 a diet of ……的饮食。
29．A.include B．hold
C．contain D．make up
答案 C
解析 表示“包含某种成分”应用动词contain。include表示“包括”，如果用include，其后应接不同种类的食物，而不是食物的成分。
30．A.which B．what
C．where D．it
答案 A
解析 which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语；what和it不能引导定语从句；而where引导定语从句时，在从句中只能作状语。
31．A.numbers B．amounts
C．plenty D．deal
答案 B
解析 amount表示“数量”，修饰不可数名词；而number表示数量时修饰可数名词。
32．A.exercise B．exercises
C．sport D．game
答案 A
解析 take exercise表示“锻炼”，此时exercise是不可数名词。
33．A.sleepy B．running
C．working D．asleep
答案 D
解析 此处表示“即使当你睡觉的时候，也在消耗能量”。醒着的情况下，消耗能量是正常的，由空前的even可想到用asleep。
34．A.running B．adding
C．burning D．wasting
答案 C
解析 burn up燃烧；run up升起，上涨；add up加起来；waste浪费。根据空后的calories可知应选择burning。
35．A.Children B．Work
C．Sports D．Sport
答案 C
解析 由下面的the relay race可知，这里指“在运动会上”，应该选择C项。on sports day为固定搭配。
36．A.much B．many
C．few D．little
答案 A
解析 此空后省略名词energy，是不可数名词，故用much修饰。
37．A.poor B．low
C．rich D．plenty
答案 C
解析 be rich in表示“富含……”；be poor/low in表示“缺乏……，……含量低”。蔬菜和水果富含纤维。
38．A.more B．other
C．rest D．others
答案 B
解析 相对于中国来说，表示“其他国家”用other countries。
39．A.why B．because
C．because of D．since
答案 A
解析 本句表示“那就是很多中国人牙齿白的原因”，应用why。because和since后面接表示原因的句子，because of后面不能接句子。
40．A.so B．very
C．much D．such
答案 D
解析 such healthy foods指上文所述的中国饮食。so不修饰名词；very与句意不符，而much修饰不可数名词。
41．A.a number of B．too much
C．masses of D．enough
答案 D
解析 此处表示“参加的锻炼不足”。a number of许多，修饰可数名词；too much太多，表程度过分；masses of大量，许多；enough足够的。
42．A.lose weight B．put on weight
C．die D．stay healthy
答案 B
解析 西方人摄入脂肪和糖分过多，锻炼又不够，所以他们很容易就发胖了。put on weight 发胖，增加体重。
43．A.keep up B．carry on
C．keep on D．go on
答案 A
解析 keep up with为固定短语，意思是“跟上”。
44．A.as B．these
C．which D．they
答案 C
解析 which在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词 a lot of sweets，soft drinks...。as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，但as通常指前面的句子。
45．A.bad B．diseased
C．healthy D．junk
答案 D
解析 糖果、软饮料、巧克力等都属于junk food(垃圾食品)。
46．A.to get B．becoming
C．to become D．get
答案 B
解析 动词avoid后接动词-ing。become fat变胖。
47．A.keep thin B．keep fit
C．stay calm D．fall ill
答案 B
解析 and连接并列的成分，此空与前面的avoid fat并列。keep fit保持身体健康；keep thin保持瘦身；stay calm保持冷静；fall ill生病。由句意知选B。
Ⅶ.语法填空
Eating at restaurants hasn’t always been known as the best choice for people 48. are trying to keep a healthy diet.It is 49. (extreme) hard for people to avoid food that isn’t so good for them when dining out.However，you don’t have to give 50. your love of restaurants.There are ways that you can eat healthier food when dining out while you can still enjoy the experience.
One method is to take time 51. (read) the nutrition information.Some restaurants post it on their menus or their websites.If you know you’re going to visit 52. certain restaurant，you should check the website first.If no nutrition information 53. (list)，you should check the menu at the restaurant before you order.
Another way is to think about not eating cream or butter sauces.Instead，consider 54. (choose) a sauce that could add a rich flavour to your food without extra calories(卡路里)．
All restaurants have water available.Whether it is free 55. you have to buy it，you should choose to drink water over other drinks like beer or soda，which contains a lot of calories.
Eating out doesn’t have to be an unhealthy 56. (decide) as long as you make wise choices.
You can still enjoy all of the benefits of dining out and be 57. (please) with your choices later on.
语篇解读 本文介绍了在外面吃饭时如何健康地饮食。
48．答案 who/that
解析 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词people 且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
49．答案 extremely
解析 考查副词。设空处修饰形容词hard，故填副词extremely。
50．答案 up
解析 考查固定搭配。give up意为“放弃，停止”，为固定搭配。
51．答案 to read
解析 考查非谓语动词。take time to do sth.花时间做某事。
52．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。restaurant是可数名词且在此表泛指，故填a。
53．答案 is listed
解析 考查时态和语态。information与list之间是被动关系，且此处表示一般情况，故填is listed。
54．答案 choosing
解析 考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth.考虑做某事。
55．答案 or
解析 考查固定搭配。whether ...or...不管……还是……。
56．答案 decision
解析 考查名词。由an unhealthy及语境可知，此处应填名词decision。
57．答案 pleased
解析 考查形容词。be pleased with sth.对某事满意。
单元知识滚动练
Unit 1 巩固落实
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Could you download some songs from the Internet for me?
2．This week’s magazine has some tips(建议) on healthy eating.
3．Don’t pull so hard，or the handle(把手) will come off.
4．His opinions would often swing(摇摆) from one extreme to the other.
5．The weather has been really horrible(糟糕的) all week.
6．Some mushrooms contain a deadly poison.
7．The rumors of an attack(袭击) were confirmed later.
8．It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full.
9．The soup tastes mildly salty(咸的)．You’d better add some water to it.
10．He traveled around the country gathering facts about folk songs.
Ⅱ.选词填空
pick up，for convenience，in my opinion，come to，end up，in case，was amazed at，thanks to，sort out，remind...of...
11．Thanks to your inspiration，I am successful.
12．Could you sort out the toys that can be thrown away?
13．Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own.
14．Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow in case I forget.
15．We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.
16．He was amazed at the changes in his hometown.
17．In my opinion，learning English is a step-by-step process.
18．When you come to our village，I’ll show you around.
19．We bought this house for convenience；it’s near the shops.
20．You’d better take the keys in case I’m out.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
21．Addicted(addict) to computer games，he did worse and worse in the exams.
22．We saw the play separately and exchanged our opinions(opinion) afterwards.
23．Studying international customs(custom) can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads!
24．The old bike belonging(belong) to Tom was in poor condition.
25．Originally(original)，we had planned a tour of Scotland but we didn’t go in the end.
26．Some people take exercise lessons to improve(improve) their concentration.
27．They abruptly disappeared into a convenient(convenience) hole in the wall.
28．The school was completely(complete) destroyed by fire.
29．The place looks quite different(differ) now.
30．In my opinion，children should be brought up to respect the law.
31．There are all sorts(sort) of activities for kids to choose.
32．We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.
33．He was recommended(recommend) for the post by a colleague in the company.
34．Attacked(attack) by a heavy storm yesterday evening，these houses were destroyed.
35．The old man has a satisfied(satisfy) expression on his face after reading the letter.
Ⅳ.完成句子
36．After a while she saw some zebra with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs.
过了一会儿她看到了一些斑马，它们身上有一直延伸到腹部的黑白相间的条纹。
37．The queen had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside the city where she spent her summers.
后来，女皇派人把琥珀屋搬到城外她避暑的宫殿中。
38．I was impressed by the way(in which/that) she did this thing.
她做这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。
39．Realizing that he was on the wrong bus，he burst out crying.
意识到他坐错了公交车，他突然大哭起来。
40．It must have rained last night，for the road is all wet.
昨晚一定下过雨，因为道路都是湿的。
Ⅴ.单元语法——完成句子
41．Samuel，the tallest boy in our class，can easily reach the books on the top shelf.塞缪尔是我们班最高的男孩，他能轻松地够到书架顶层的书。
42．My room is a mess，but I needn’t clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.
我的房间很乱，不过今晚在我出去之前，我没必要打扫它。我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。
43．We don’t have to go to school on Sundays.
星期天我们不用去上学。
44．I must write a letter to the manager today.
我今天非得给经理写封信不可。
45．I understand you dare not go winter swimming alone.
我知道你不敢独自一人去冬泳。
能力提升
Ⅵ.阅读理解
A
Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse，according to the doctors.I feel there are a number of reasons for this.
Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy，fatty foods，such as fried chicken and ice cream，at low prices.This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves.If there were fewer of these restaurants，then probably children would buy less take-away food.
There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight.I agree with this，because good eating habits begin early in life，long before children start to visit fast food shops.If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food，or are always allowed to choose what they eat，they will go for sweet and salty foods every time，and this will carry on throughout their lives.
There is a third reason for this situation.Children these days take very little exercise.They do not walk to school.When they get home，they sit in front of the television or their computers and play computer games.Not only is this an unhealthy pastime，but it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.
The above are the main reasons for this problem，and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active，as well as steering them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。许多事实都表明很多孩子存在超重问题，而且这种情况越来越严重。本文作者就此问题分析了原因。
46．According to the text，what kind of children may eat more unhealthy food?
A．Those who often do sports.
B．Those who often watch television.
C．Those who often have meals at home.
D．Those who often walk to school.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“When they get home，they sit in front of the television...but it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.”可知，经常看电视的人可能吃更多不健康的食品。所以答案选B。
47．The underlined word “steering” in the last sentence most probably means “ ”．
A．forcing B．guiding
C．driving D．moving
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据语境可知，作者想说，我们应该鼓励年轻人积极起来，也要“steer”他们远离快餐店和一些不好的饮食习惯。所以可以猜测“steer”是指guide“指导，引导”。故选B。
48．The main purpose of the text is to .
A．tell a story B．provide facts
C．give advice D．compare opinions
答案 C
解析 写作目的题。作者一开始提出“Many facts suggest that children are overweight...”分析了孩子们变胖的三个主要原因；结尾处又讲到“encourage young people to...，as well as...”鼓励年轻人多活动，引导他们远离快餐和不好的饮食习惯。故选项C“给建议”为正确答案。
B
In the near future，we may be using our eyes to operate our smart-phones and tablets，even when it comes to playing popular games like Fruit Ninja.
The Gaze Group has been developing eye-controlled computer technology for nearly 20 years.But those devices have been firstly designed to help those with disabilities，and are very expensive.
“After a while，we figured out that probably the best way is to go for a mass-market way，” says Gaze’s Sune Alstrup Johansen，“where everybody would have this available.”
Johansen and some of his colleagues have formed a new company，The Eye Tribe，which is hoping to develop the technology on a mass commercial level.
The technology works when combined with the computing device toward the user’s face.After making sure of the user’s eye movements，the technology is then able to easily find where a person’s eyes are moving，and then allow the eyes to control a cursor(光标)．
“Our software can then determine the location of the eyes and know where you’re looking on the screen to make sure what you’re looking at，” reads an explanation on The Eye Tribe site.
There has been a gradual change toward hands-free technology in recent years，particularly in the gaming world.Recently Xbox released the Kinect device，which lets users control their Xbox and play certain games using only their hands，legs and voices.But still，most of these devices have been more of a gimmick than a practical way to use one’s hands to control a mobile device.Johansen said a replaceable filter(滤光器) would be a cheap，convenient way for most consumers.
And even as companies like The Eye Tribe work to create such a product for the average user，making the eye-controlled technology more accessible and less expensive will have similar benefits for physically disabled users.
For more articles on modern science，please CLICK here.
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了在不久的将来，人们手中的智能手机和平板电脑或许可以用眼睛操控了，甚至在玩像水果忍者这样的流行游戏时也是如此。
49．Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
A．An introduction of a new device.
B．An introduction of smart-phones.
C．An introduction of eye-controlling technology.
D．An introduction of a new technology for the disabled.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了在不久的将来，我们可能会用我们的眼睛操控智能手机和平板电脑，甚至在玩像水果忍者这样的流行游戏时也是如此。故选C。
50．The underlined word “gimmick” in the passage probably means “ ”．
A．truth B．phone
C．trick D．review
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，它不是一种用手控制移动设备的实用方法，由此可以猜测出这些设备大多只是一种噱头，也就是一种用以吸引人的技巧，故画线词gimmick的意思是：trick(技巧，诡计)。故选C。
51．According to the passage，we can learn that .
A．the eye-controlling technology was first developed for the blind
B．there is no such a phone as we can use only with our eyes at present
C．the present development of the technology will bring no good
D．the eye-controlling technology is only intended for the disabled people
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段“In the near future，we may be using our eyes to operate our smart-phones and tablets，even when it comes to playing popular games like Fruit Ninja.”可知，不久的将来我们可能会有这样的智能手机，所以说目前我们还没有这样一部能用眼睛控制的手机。故选B。
Ⅶ.七选五
If you are hungry，what will you do？Have your favorite meal and stay quiet after that. 52 But it never lets you know，because you keep it busy thinking about your friends or favorite stars.So it silently serves your needs and never lets itself grow.When mind loses its freedom to grow，creativity gets a full stop.This might be the reason why we all sometimes think “What happens next？”“Why can’t I think？”
53 Why reading but not watching TV？It is because reading has been the most educative tool used by us right from childhood.Since it develops other aspects of our life，we have to get help from reading.
Once you read a book，you run your eyes through the lines and your mind tries to explain something to you. 54 Now this seed is unknowingly used by you to develop new ideas.If it is used many times，the same seed can give you great help to relate a lot of things which you would have never thought of in your wildest dreams!
This is nothing but creativity. 55 Within no time you can start talking with your friends in English or any other language and never run out of the right words.
So guys，do give food for your thoughts by reading，reading and more reading. 56 Go and get a book!
A．The interesting part of the book is stored in your mind as a seed.
B．Why not do some reading while you are hungry?
C．Just like your stomach，your mind is also hungry.
D．Now what are you waiting for?
E．Hunger of the mind can be actually solved through wide reading.
F．Reading can help you make more friends，too.
G．Also this makes a significant contribution to your vocabulary.
52．答案 C
解析 文章前两句先讲述了我们饥饿时的反应，然后利用类比来引出下文，故C项(就像你的胃一样，你的思想也会饥饿)符合上下文语境。
53．答案 E
解析 根据空后的“Why reading but not watching TV？”可知，作者在这里表明，要解决思想的饥饿我们就要广泛阅读。故E项(思想的饥饿实际上可以通过广泛阅读来解决)符合上下文语境。
54．答案 A
解析 空格后的“Now this seed is unknowingly used by you to develop new ideas.”与A项相对应。
55．答案 G
解析 根据空后一句可知，作者认为读书对于我们词汇量的增加也是大有好处的。故G项(这对你的词汇量也有很大的帮助)符合上下文语境。
56．答案 D
解析 上面论述了读书的种种好处，最后得出结论，不要等待，开始读书吧。故D项(现在，你还在等什么？)符合上下文语境。
核心素养提能练
“阅读理解＋完形填空”组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The local government killed more than 34,000 stray dogs(流浪狗) several months ago because those officials were afraid that the dogs would spread rabies(狂犬病)．
This caused a debate across the country.Some people said that it was very cruel to kill dogs.There might be a better way to prevent the disease.
In the future，killing stray dogs might be seen as a crime.The Chinese government published a draft of animal rights law.It says that a person who kills a stray dog without good reason will be put in prison.
The draft also says that animal abuse and abandoning animals will be considered crimes under the criminal law.
The government published the draft so that the public could read it and discuss their thoughts.People share different opinions.Some think the law is good.They say other countries like Britain and Japan have similar laws.They say we will do better at protecting animals if there is one.But others say it’s not necessary to fight animal abuse with a new law.Criticisms and fines can do the job.
Some people also say that the draft doesn’t deal with the biggest issues facing the country’s development.The country should make progress to give all people equal rights，they say，before turning attention to animals.
Another part of the draft is causing discussion.It says that people should not force animals to do something dangerous，like jumping through a ring of fire.But many people enjoy watching this kind of performance at the circus，especially kids.They say that if the animal does it properly，it will not get hurt.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。猎杀流浪狗事件引发了一系列的社会讨论，政府出台颁布了《动物保护法》草案。
1．Which of the following is acceptable according to the draft of animal rights law?
A．Killing a dog with rabies.
B．Beating an animal for fun.
C．Abandoning a blind pet dog.
D．Forcing a cat to jump through a ring of fire.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段“The draft also says that animal abuse and abandoning animals will be considered crimes under the criminal law.”可知B、C两项不可接受；由最后一段中的“It says that...a ring of fire.”可知D项也不能被接受。故选A项。
2．We can tell from the text that .
A．all people agree with the law
B．criticisms and fines can protect animals
C．protecting animals is the biggest issue in China
D．people have different opinions towards the law
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。从文章的后三段来看，人们对于《动物保护法》草案所持的态度各不相同，故答案应为D。
3．If the law goes into effect， .
A．people can’t kill stray dogs any longer
B．the country won’t have human right problems
C．kids may not be able to watch animals’ performances in a circus
D．animals will not be killed
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，该草案禁止动物进行危险的表演，所以如果草案得以实施，可能就不会再有动物杂技表演了，故C项正确。
Ⅱ.完形填空
“Hi! How are you？” A woman smiled as she took the seat beside me.She had to lower herself slowly，squeezing her fat body into the seat， 4 all available space.I 5 a little towards the window，feeling worried silently about the long hours of 6 I was going to experience with this monster(怪物) beside me.
She said，“My name is Laura.I’m from Britain.If we’re going to spend six hours side by side on this 7 ，we’d better be friends.” Then she started a conversation with me and didn’t 8 my unfriendly reactions.She talked 9 about herself and her trip to Hong Kong.
I gave her one-word answers to her questions about me.Not affected by my 10 ，she nodded as she made 11 about my answers.She was warm and considerate， 12 that I had room to stretch in my seat.I couldn’t help but let down my 13 slowly.Laura was an interesting conversationalist.During our conversation，Laura 14 to make every crew member on the plane who 15 us walk away laughing at her jokes.
I asked Laura，“Have you ever 16 losing some weight？” “No.I don’t trust the advertisements from slimming centers at all.”“You aren’t worried about the diseases that come with being 17 ？” “Not at all.You only 18 the diseases if you’re worried about your weight all the time.I eat 19 and walk regularly; I’m this size 20 I was born to be big! There is more to life than worrying about weight all day long.” She drank her wine.“Besides，God gave me so much happiness that I need a 21 body to hold all of it! Why would I lose weight to lose my happiness？”
22 by her unusual reasoning，I smiled.I suddenly 23 that Laura was the most beautiful woman I had ever met in my life.
语篇解读 作者在飞机上的邻座是一个胖女人，她很乐观，虽然很胖但却有自己关于胖的有趣的想法。通过聊天，作者发现这个胖女人是他见过的最美的女人。
4．A.finding B．making
C．filling D．clearing
答案 C
解析 根据句中“squeezing her fat body into the seat”可知，这个女人太胖了，把肥胖的身体挤进了座位里，占了(即填满了)所有可能获得的空间。fill装满，填满。故C项正确。
5．A.walked B．turned
C．moved D．backed
答案 C
解析 根据句意可知，作者往窗户边上挪了一点。move移动。故选C。
6．A.noise B．discomfort
C．silence D．tiredness
答案 B
解析 根据句中“this monster(怪物) beside me”可知，作者感觉和这个胖女人在一起不舒服。discomfort不适。所以选B。
7．A.bus B．train
C．flight D．ship
答案 C
解析 根据第三段中的“every crew member on the plane”可知选C。
8．A.look into B．take notice of
C．look for D．take control of
答案 B
解析 根据上一句要与作者交朋友可知，这个女人并没有注意到作者不友好的反应。take notice of注意到。故选B项。
9．A.nervously B．angrily
C．sadly D．excitedly
答案 D
解析 句意为：她兴奋地谈论自己和她的香港之行。excitedly激动地，兴奋地。故选D。
10．A.coldness B．disappointment
C．doubt D．disbelief
答案 A
解析 根据“I gave her one-word answers”可知，作者对她的问题反应比较冷淡。coldness冷淡。故A是正确的。
11．A.notes B．comments
C．predictions D．conclusions
答案 B
解析 根据语境可知，这个女人一边评论作者的回答一边点头。comment评论，评价。故选B项。
12．A.finding out B．believing in
C．making sure D．feeling like
答案 C
解析 根据句中“She was warm and considerate”可知，这个女人是很体贴人的，因此保证作者能伸展开。make sure确保。故选C。
13．A.attention B．attitude
C．idea D．guard
答案 D
解析 根据后句的“Laura was an interesting conversationalist.”可知，她是一个有趣且善谈的人，作者慢慢地放松了警惕。guard 警惕。故D项符合题意。
14．A.managed B．pretended
C．forgot D．failed
答案 A
解析 根据句中“walk away laughing at her jokes”可推断，这个女人能够使每个为我们服务的人笑。manage应付(困难局面等)，设法对付，做到。故选A。
15．A.charged B．blamed
C．served D．warned
答案 C
解析 根据常识可知，机组人员是为顾客服务的。serve为……服务。故选C。
16．A.suffered from B．cared about
C．benefited from D．thought about
答案 D
解析 根据句中“I don’t trust the advertisements from slimming centers at all.”可知，作者问这个女人有没有想过减肥。think about思考，考虑。故选D。
17．A.overweight B．critical
C．embarrassed D．anxious
答案 A
解析 根据下句可知，此处作者问她：“你不担心跟超重有关的疾病吗？”overweight超重的，过重的。故答案为A。
18．A.control B．get
C．own D．remove
答案 B
解析 根据上一问句可推断出，此处指“得病”。故选B。
19．A.slowly B．hardly
C．healthily D．probably
答案 C
解析 根据句中“walk regularly”可知，与之对应的是，饮食很健康。healthily健康地。因此选C。
20．A.if B．because
C．though D．until
答案 B
解析 根据语境可知，这里为因果关系，故用because。
21．A.bigger B．thinner
C．lower D．longer
答案 A
解析 根据后句内容可知，这个女人不想减肥，因为她需要更大的(bigger)身体来装下这些快乐。故选A。
22．A.Worried B．Upset
C．Surprised D．Frightened
答案 C
解析 根据句中“her unusual reasoning”可推断，这个胖女人那么胖，却给出这么一个不同寻常的理由，让作者很惊讶。surprised 惊讶的。故选C。
23．A.proved B．imagined
C．realized D．remembered
答案 C
解析 根据语境可推断，作者意识到这个胖女人是自己遇到过的最美的女人。realize 意识到，知道。故选C。
主观题规范练
Ⅲ.语法填空
Local 24. (official) in Beijing promised to further protect the city’s cultural heritage，in particular the narrow streets known as hutongs.
Hutongs are 25. (common) found in the cities of North China，but they are in danger.Beijing is nowadays believed to have fewer than 1,000 hutongs，most of 26. are near the Forbidden City.Only 60 years ago，the number of the hutongs 27. (be) 3,250.
“Usually more than 100,000 people visit the Forbidden City during the National Day holidays.The visits put pressure on the 28. (protect) of cultural relics，” said Huang Yan，director of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning,29. (add) that hutongs should be protected from human damage.
The government concentrated 30. how the protection plans were carried out.Wang Shaofeng，head of the Xicheng District Government，said the area has 182 cultural relics,31. many of them were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty.The district of Xicheng has 1.28 million residents in its 50.7 square kilometers of land.“The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the possibility of causing harm to the heritage，” Wang said.“Each community has been required 32. (report) the status of its cultural heritage.”
No one knows for sure how many hutongs 33. (leave) in the coming 100 years.
24．答案 officials
解析 考查名词复数。空前没有冠词修饰，且此处表示不止一位官员，故应用名词复数形式。
25．答案 commonly
解析 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词are found，作状语，应用副词形式。
26．答案 which
解析 考查关系代词。设空处指代先行词hutongs，引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作介词of的宾语，故用which引导。
27．答案 was
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语“60 years ago”可知，应用一般过去时；且主语为“the number of the hutongs”，所以填was。
28．答案 protection
解析 考查词性转换。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，设空处应用名词。
29．答案 adding
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，Huang Yan与add之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
30．答案 on
解析 考查介词。concentrate on意为“集中注意力于”，为固定搭配。
31．答案 and
解析 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用连词；且根据语境可知，应用and。
32．答案 to report
解析 考查非谓语动词。require sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事，为固定用法，此处是其被动形式be required to do sth.。
33．答案 will be left
解析 考查时态和语态。根据时间状语“in the coming 100 years”可知，应用一般将来时；且hutongs与leave之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。
Ⅳ.补全写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It turns out that happy cows produce better milk.The finding is not new.The California Milk Advisory Board has been saying it for years.But now a team of researchers，working with the University of Wisconsin’s Dairyland Initiative，is helping farmers have happier herds.
The researchers are visiting dairy farms and showing farmers how to improve their cows’ living conditions.Their advice and information is available around the world on their website.
One important area for discussion is how to prevent leg pain，a condition also called lameness.Nigel Cook is with the Dairyland Initiative.“Lameness impacts everything a cow gets to do in her day.It impacts the way she rests，the way she milks，the way she eats，her ability to reproduce and ultimately her ability to stay on the farm.”
Speaking in a cow barn，Cook explains that a bed of sand can provide a good place for cows to lie down during the day.
The deep，soft bedding of sand creates an environment where cows can rest half the day，and that is incredibly important to cows.
The researchers advise farmers to provide bigger stalls，the areas where cows are kept in a barn.They also say farmers should use more fans to keep the animals cool，and feed all their cows at the same time.
And researchers say it is a good idea to keep cows with their usual group of friends when it comes time for them to give birth.This helps lessen(缓解) the stress for the cows.
Mitch Breunig owns the Mystic Valley Dairy in the U．S.state of Wisconsin.He says he used the advice to improve the conditions for his 400 cows.“If you take away their stress，they actually produce more milk.And then the other thing that actually is interesting is that they do it by eating less feed.” Since he made the changes，Breunig says the daily’s production has increased.His cows have gone from producing 49 liters of milk a day to almost 57 liters.
Also，his cows have fewer injuries and live about a year longer than before.That is good for the animals，and for people，too.
请根据括号里的汉语提示，补全短文。
34．It is reported that happy cows can produce better milk(据报道快乐的奶牛能产好的牛奶)．(要点1)Many American researchers 35.do lots of experiments to get the result(为得到这个结果而做了很多实验)．(要点2)They advise farmers to provide bigger stalls and use a bed of stand 36.which can be a good place for cows to lie down during the day(这可能是奶牛白天躺下的好地方)．They ask farmers to improve the conditions 37.in order to take away cows’ stress(为了减少奶牛的压力)．(要点3) So 38.it is necessary to take good care of cows(有必要照顾好奶牛) to produce better milk.(要点4)
单元检测卷(一)
选择题部分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What do we know about the watch?
A．The watch was not worth that much.
B．The price was reasonable.
C．It cost the woman $40.
2．What is the dog’s name?
A．Scott.
B．Michael.
C．Robert.
3．What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A．The man’s watch.
B．The man’s brother.
C．The man’s birthday.
4．What color was the woman’s couch?
A．Yellow. B．Brown. C．Purple.
5．Why does the man come to the woman?
A．To take a picture of her.
B．To ask for a new ID card.
C．To fill out a form.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is the woman doing?
A．Asking for help.
B．Making an apology.
C．Giving some advice.
7．What does the man ask the woman to do?
A．Be more careful.
B．Buy a new glass.
C．Clean up the room.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What do we know about the writer?
A．He can move fast.
B．He was born disabled.
C．He will travel around the world.
9．How does the man find the writer?
A．Encouraging.
B．Strange.
C．Stupid.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．When will the next course start?
A．Next Monday.
B．Next Friday.
C．Next Saturday.
11．How many students are there in the class usually?
A．6. B．9. C．15.
12．When does the school open on weekends?
A．At 7：00 am.
B．At 8：00 am.
C．At 9：00 am.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What was the man doing?
A．Looking at an interesting picture.
B．Watching a funny video.
C．Reporting a nice story.
14．What happened to the news reporter?
A．He hit a big tree.
B．He had a car accident.
C．He was attacked by bees.
15．What’s the weather like today?
A．Sunny. B．Windy. C．Cloudy.
16．What will the man do next?
A．Listen to the music.
B．Surf the website.
C．Go to the park.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Which is the best season to visit the park?
A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Winter.
18．What will the tourists do in the morning?
A．Go boating.
B．Go fishing.
C．Visit the valley.
19．What is the best-loved activity in the park?
A．Having a picnic.
B．Fishing.
C．Boating.
20．How will the tourists get to the entrance of the valley?
A．On foot.
B．By bus.
C．By bike.
答案 1.A 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.B
9．A 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.C
17．A 18.C 19.A 20.B
?听力材料
Text 1
M：What a nice watch! How much did it cost?
W：Four hundred dollars.A little more than its real worth.
Text 2
W：I like the names Scott and Michael.
M：I don’t think our boy should be named Scott.That is our dog’s name.How does Robert sound?
Text 3
W: Your Apple watch is very beautiful.Where did you buy it?
M: Actually I didn’t buy it.It is a gift from my brother.He gave me on my 20th birthday.
Text 4
W：I’m going to buy some new paint for the living room.
M：I thought you loved the yellow color.
W：I liked it when I had a purple couch，but now my furniture is brown and it makes the wall look ugly.
Text 5
M：I lost my ID card.What do I do to replace it?
W：Fill out your name and social security number on this form，and stand behind that line.I’ll take your picture here.
M：OK.I’m ready.
W：I’ll print you the new ID card in about a minute.
Text 6
W：Sorry，Kevin.I am sorry for breaking your glass.I was tidying up your desk.
M：You’re supposed to be more careful.
W：I’m on duty today.I’m really sorry.I’ll pay for it and try to be more careful in the future.
M：There is no need to pay，but be sure you’re more careful from now on.
W：I will.Sorry again.
Text 7
W：What are you reading?
M：It is a book written by a guy who was born without arms or legs.
W：What? So，how does he get around?
M：He can actually walk pretty well，but he can’t move that fast.He also has an assistant who helps him.He is actually quite successful.
W：He must have worked pretty hard.
M：Yeah.He travels around the world and gives speeches to young people.He’s changed many people’s lives.Even when nothing seemed possible，he stayed positive and put in even more effort.
Text 8
W：Hello，School of English Studies.
M：Hello，I saw your advertisement in the newspaper.Can you give me some information，please?
W：Yes，of course.What would you like to know?
M：Well，first，how long are the courses?
W：They are 6 or 9 months long and the next course begins next Monday.
M：How many students will there be in the class? Not too many，I hope.
W：Usually，there are 15.We find that a good number.
M：OK.Now，I saw the price of the course in the newspaper，but will I have to pay for anything else?
W：Only for the textbook，which costs twelve pounds ninety-nine.
M：I see.When can I come and pay?
W：Well，the school is open from 8 am to 7 pm on Monday to Friday and on Saturdays from 9 am to 1 pm.
M：OK，I see.Well，thank you very much.Goodbye.
Text 9
W：Are you looking at some funny pictures? You have been laughing all this time.
M：I was watching a video on YouTube.It was really funny.
W：What’s it about?
M：It was a news reporter，reporting a story about an old man who lives under a big tree.
W：How could that be funny?
M：Well，as he was reporting the story，hundreds of bees attacked him.The reporter had to dive into his SUV and drive away.But he was unlucky.
W：Did he have an accident?
M：No.Some bees followed him into his car.
W：I hope he got to the doctor’s quickly.Jack，how about a walk in the park? It is a beautiful day today.
M：But I don’t feel like walking outside now.There are so many funny videos on this website.I just can’t stop watching them.
W：Come on，Jack.You can’t sit in front of the laptop all day.It is not good for your eyes.
M：You are right.I will go to the park with you.
Text 10
Welcome to our park.My name is Linda.I am very glad to be your guide today.You have made a right choice to be here in spring，the best time of the year，because summer is a bit hot，and winter is too cold.Our park is famous for its 20-kilometer long valley.It is home to thousands of plants and animals.For today’s tour，we have a 50-minute valley walk in the morning.You will see beautiful flowers and strange rocks.Animal lovers can also have a close view of different wildlife.In the afternoon，you will have a chance to experience some interesting activities，such as boating and fishing.If you like，you may have a picnic by the lake，the best-loved activity in our park.Now，let’s get on the bus and go to the entrance of the valley.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 (共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Including the following food or fruit in your breakfast makes you healthier and full of energy.
Grapefruit
“Even if you changed nothing else about your diet，eating half a grapefruit before each meal may help you lose up to a pound a week，” says Patricia Bannan，author of Eat Right When the Time Is Right.“Researchers found that when obese people ate half a grapefruit before each meal，they dropped an average of 3.5 pounds over 12 weeks，” she says.
Tart Cherry
Tart cherries have been shown to benefit heart health as well as body weight in a study on obese rats.A 12-week study by the University of Michigan found that rats fed tart cherries showed a 9 percent belly fat reduction.Moreover，the researchers noted that the cherry consumption had great ability to alter the expression of fat genes.Enjoy them during breakfast to kick your morning off right.
Sweet Potato
Sweet potatoes are packed with nutrients and can help you burn fat.They are high in fiber and have a low glycemic index(血糖指数)，which means they are absorbed slowly and keep you feeling full longer.Min Chen likes to use them to whip up a sweet potato hash.“I love any kind of this dish because it provides rich vitamins，minerals and fiber.It is very filling，which helps keep appetite and portions under control as the day goes on，”she says.
Bell Pepper
Green，red or yellow，fresh or frozen，peppers are never a bad companion for your eggs.Thanks to their high vitamin C content，eating them can help burn stored fat.Studies also indicate that Vitamin C helps muscles process a fatty acid called carnitine that’s essential to muscle growth and recovery.
21. Which food or fruit is beneficial to the patients who suffer from heart diseases?
A．Grapefruit. B．Sweet potato.
C．Tart cherry. D．Bell pepper.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由文章介绍Tart Cherry一段中的第一句“Tart cherries have been shown to benefit heart health...”(车厘子被证明有益于心脏健康)，也就是说对于心脏有问题的人吃车厘子是有好处的。故选C。
22. What benefit do these food and fruit have in common?
A．Making people live longer.
B．Making muscles grow strong.
C．Helping control glycemic index.
D．Helping people lose weight.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。文章第二段第一句提到“eating half a grapefruit before each meal may help you lose up to a pound a week”(每顿饭前吃半个葡萄柚就可能帮你一周减掉一磅)；第三段第二句“rats fed tart cherries showed a 9 percent belly fat reduction”(喂食车厘子的老鼠腹部脂肪减少了9%)；以及第四段第一句提到了“Sweet potatoes are packed with nutrients and can help you burn fat.”(红薯富含营养，还可以帮助你燃烧脂肪)；第五段第二句“...eating them can help burn stored fat”(吃甜椒可以帮助燃烧储存的脂肪)，由此可知，四种水果和食物都提到了有减重和燃烧脂肪的作用，因此它们的共同的好处就是帮助人们减肥。故选D。
23. In which part of a newspaper can you read the text?
A．Education. B．Health.
C．Agriculture. D．Technology.
答案 B
解析 文章出处题。本文主要介绍了四种水果和食物的特点，以及对人们健康方面的好处。因此应位于报纸的“Health”版面。故选B。
B
Do you love holidays but hate the increase in weight that follows? You are not alone.
Holidays are happy days with pleasure and delicious foods.Many people，however，are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods.
With proper planning，though，it is possible to control your weight.The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much.You don’t have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy.The following suggestions may be of some help to you.
Don’t miss meals.Before you leave home for a feast (宴会)，have a small，low-fat snack.This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods.
Begin with clear soup and fruit or vegetables.
A large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full.
Use a small plate; a large plate will encourage you to have more than enough.
Better not have high-fat foods.Dishes that look oily or creamy have much fat in them.
Choose lean meat.Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables.
If you have a sweet tooth，try mints(薄荷) and fruit.They don’t have fat content as cream and chocolate.
Don’t let exercise take a break during the holidays.A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off excess calories(多余的热量)．
24．Holidays are happy days with pleasure but they may .
A．bring weight problems
B．bring you much trouble in your life
C．make you worried about your foods
D．make you hate delicious foods
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，假日是充满乐趣、品尝美食的快乐的日子，但是很多人担忧随之而来的体重问题，显然A项正确。
25．In order to really enjoy your holidays without putting on weight，you’d better .
A．drink much water and have vegetables only
B．not eat too much food in high fat
C．not accept invitations to feasts
D．turn away from delicious foods
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much.”以及倒数第四段中的“Better not have high-fat foods.”可以看出，要想享受假期又不增加体重，最好别吃含过多脂肪的食物。
26．According to the passage， is/are a necessary part to stop you from putting on weight.
A．vegetables B．water
C．calories of energy D．physical exercise
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据常识可知蔬菜、水和热量不能阻止体重增加；结合最后一段可知D项正确。
C
Nowadays，social media like Instagram，Facebook，Snapchat and Twitter are becoming more and more popular.People have completely made social media part of their daily lives.As a result，many people have developed an Internet personality.
The Internet personality I am talking about is the one we shape on our social media sites.We are always posting information about ourselves for other people to know even when it can be completely untrue.Some people even go so far as to spend money in buying flowers or “likes” or buying a very expensive camera for their friends to take photos of them.I find it unbelievable.The time and energy spent on these silly things can only make us want to be accepted by more people.
Social media are also a modern cause of depression：People see the perfect lives of others and consider their own imperfect lives as bad.Even kids deal with this.They don’t realize that the reason why they struggle to love themselves is that they spend all day receiving untrue information.
I find that many people spend more time and energy in making sure that their online personality is worth accepting rather than caring for their real presence.So many times I have seen confident and beautiful girls on social media.But in the real world，they are extremely shy.They hardly talk to anyone and spend all their time using the phone.
Social media have gone so far as to even negatively affect marriages.This is because of the fact that there are now “Instagram husbands”—people whose use is to take perfect photos of their partners throughout the day.They spend a lot of time doing that whether they like it or not.Needless to say，social media likely influence relationships in a negative way.
I think everyone should stop using social media at least for a few months to experience the difference it makes to them.They may find life is very different and much better.
语篇解读 本文是议论文。文章讲述了现代人完全把社交媒体作为日常生活的一部分的现象，同时呼吁大家远离社交媒体。
27．What does “the Internet personality” in the passage refer to?
A．The hope to develop a better personality.
B．The personality developed through social media.
C．The true personality shown by us on social media.
D．The information we get about others on social media.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，互联网个性是指大家在社交平台上形成的一种性格，故选B。
28．Why are social media a modern cause of depression?
A．We may read some upsetting news.
B．We have to try very hard to be accepted.
C．We can’t really find much useful information.
D．We feel sad about ourselves through comparing.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，社交媒体会给人们带来沮丧的心情，因为人们看到别人的完美生活再对比自己的生活，就会认为自己的生活不完美，故选D。
29．What does the example given in Paragraph 4 show?
A．Shy people can also become confident.
B．Social media make people become more energetic.
C．Social media make people ignore their true presence.
D．People today don’t consider their presence important.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段前三句可知，作者通过举例网上漂亮自信的女孩在现实生活中很害羞，来阐述自己的观点：人们花费太多的时间、精力确保自己在网上的个性以至于忽视真实世界的存在，故选C。
30．What’s most probably the author’s attitude towards people’s using social media?
A．Uninterested. B．Negative.
C．Uncertain. D．Supportive.
答案 B
解析 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段最后一句和最后一段可知，作者认为社交媒体影响人们之间的关系，每个人都应该远离社交媒体一段时间，所以作者对社交媒体的态度是消极否定的，故选B。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Keep a Relationship Healthy and Strong
Are you new to experiencing relationships? Well，let me give you advice on having a healthy and possibly long-term relationship.
31 Don’t hide things from them；don’t lie.Getting them to trust you is the most important element in any relationship.So please be honest and they’ll learn to open up to you.
Make sure you give them respect.Now respect isn’t just simply treating her or him nicely.There’s a lot more to it.You have to learn to adjust to their liking. 32 Don’t just think about yourself；think about what your partner needs out of it as well.
33 Always be willing to help them and give them honesty and positiveness at the same time.Make them feel you are someone they can really count on and build a future with.This is an important step in a relationship.Your partner has to be able to count on you when needed.
Make sure you have a good sense of humor with them.Laughter is the key to happiness.Laugh a lot with them，joke with them.Laughter may seem silly，but it’s the secret to a lot in life.It will keep the sparks alive. 34
Make sure the communication is good.This goes along with trust，but always communicate how you feel，even if it’s something that upsets you.Instead of screaming，talk to them. 35 It’s important to communicate this to them，not keep it bottled up.
A．Show them your personality.
B．Be an honest person with them.
C．Make sure you are encouraging to your partners.
D．Laughter keeps the relationship strong and lasting.
E．Don’t start to neglect them and make them feel unwanted.
F．Basically，learn to study your partners’ moods，wants and needs.
G．If they did something that made you unhappy，tell them about it in a respectful manner.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，与他人保持长久的健康关系是一门艺术，在本文中作者就如何和别人保持长久的健康的关系提出了一些有效的建议。比如，对人要诚实，要尊重别人，要帮助别人，知道如何和别人交流。
31．答案 B
解析 此处缺少主题句。根据后一句(不要对人隐瞒，不要撒谎)和末句(诚实一些，他们会对你敞开心扉)可知，应选B(要做一个对他们“诚实”的人)。
32．答案 F
解析 根据前后两句可知，作者告诉我们要了解自己同伴的需求，迎合他们的喜好，不要只是考虑自己的感受和需要。选项F(学会了解你的同伴的情绪、愿望和需求)可以承接上下文。所以选择F项。
33．答案 C
解析 根据后面两句可知，要愿意帮助他人，要让别人知道我们是值得依赖的。C项(要确保你能激励你的同伴)符合语境。所以选择C项。
34．答案 D
解析 根据本段主题句和空格前面的“Laughter is the key to happiness.”和“Laughter may seem...”可知，此处应是讲笑的好处，故选D(笑能使关系牢固持久)。
35．答案 G
解析 根据下句可知，和别人的交流很重要，而且要“注意交流的方式方法”，不要把它封闭起来。选项G(如果他们做了一些使你不高兴的事情，要用一种礼貌的方式告诉他们)符合语境。所以选择G项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last night my husband and I were walking in a nearby parking lot，when we saw a man bent over on the ground，crushing(碾碎) something with a rock.He was so focused on his 36 that he didn’t look up at anyone 37 .We kept noticing him and 38 what he could be doing.I 39 he was crushing stones to make sand，but why would he do that?
40 ，we decided to go up and 41 him.He was crushing pieces of left-over bread that he had 42 to prepare food for the birds that come there early morning.The large pieces of bread would be 43 for the birds to eat 44 he crushed them into powder.Every 45 ，after coming home from his job as a tailor，he goes around the villa(乡间别墅)，collecting left-over bread from all his housemates.He then eats a quick meal and comes here，and spends the next 1－2 hours 46 crushing each piece and makes a neat pile for the 47 .He has been doing this for the last 3－4 years.What 48 us more was that he was 49 that we were even taking an interest in this，since for him it wasn’t a big 50 .
When we asked him what encouraged him to do this act of 51 ，he said，“It’s just something 52 I do，so that the left-over bread doesn’t go into the rubbish and the birds get food.”We 53 his story with the hope that it would 54 us to be aware of leftovers too and that it might 55 someone to start something similar in their own area.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。晚上作者和丈夫散步的时候，发现一个人在低头将面包用石头碾碎成粉。作者和丈夫对此感到好奇，上前询问原因才得知他这样做是为了方便小鸟啄食。他这样做既为鸟儿提供了食物也清理了食品垃圾。作者希望其他人向他学习。
36．A.idea B．hand
C．food D．task
答案 D
解析 根据上文“crushing(碾碎) something with a rock”及下文语境可推断，此处指他将面包用石头碾碎成粉这一任务。
37．A.coming across B．passing by
C．running over D．getting through
答案 B
解析 此处指那个人太专注于自己的任务以至于没有抬头看路过的行人。
38．A.discovered B．learnt
C．wondered D．realized
答案 C
解析 根据“I he was crushing stones to make sand，but why would he do that？”可判断，作者想知道那位男士在做什么。
39．A.found B．thought
C．understood D．expected
答案 B
解析 根据下文“He was crushing pieces of left-over bread”可推断，此处是作者的想法。
40．A.Finally B．Suddenly
C．Immediately D．Instead
答案 A
解析 根据上文“We kept noticing him”可知，作者他们一直注意并考虑了许久，终于决定走上前去问个究竟。
41．A.praise B．ask
C．help D．greet
答案 B
解析 根据上文“but why would he do that”可知，作者和丈夫不明白那位男士为什么那么做，所以最终走过去询问那位男士。
42．A.bought B．saved
C．collected D．made
答案 C
解析 根据下文“he goes around the villa(乡间别墅)，collecting left-over bread from all his housemates”可知，collect符合语境。
43．A.necessary B．difficult
C．welcome D．possible
答案 B
解析 根据下文“he crushed them into powder”可知，小鸟吃大面包有困难，所以他才决定将其碾碎。
44．A.so B．or
C．and D．but
答案 A
解析 上文中的“The large pieces of bread would be for the birds to eat”和下文中的“he crushed them into powder”之间是因果关系，故用so。
45．A.morning B．noon
C．afternoon D．night
答案 D
解析 根据上文“Last night my husband and I were walking in a nearby parking lot”中night的提示及下文中的“after coming home from his job as a tailor”可知选night。
46．A.carefully B．strictly
C．nervously D．proudly
答案 A
解析 根据第一段第二句中的focused on以及此空格前的“spends the next 1－2 hours”可知，这位男士研磨得很认真。
47．A.neighbors B．friends
C．customers D．birds
答案 D
解析 根据上文中的“for the birds to eat”可知答案。
48．A.pleased B．satisfied
C．puzzled D．moved
答案 D
解析 由最后一段可推断，作者被这位男士的举动所感动。
49．A.disappointed B．sorry
C．surprised D．afraid
答案 C
解析 根据下文“we were even taking an interest in this，since for him it wasn’t a big ”可推断，他觉得他做的是一件小事，但作者却对它很感兴趣，这让那位男士感到惊讶。
50．A.deal B．present
C．dream D．decision
答案 A
解析 参考上题解析。
51．A.bravery B．honesty
C．suggestion D．service
答案 D
解析 这位男士将大面包块碾碎，为小鸟提供了方便，这种行为是一种服务，故选service。
52．A.meaningful B．great
C．small D．boring
答案 C
解析 根据上文“for him it wasn’t a big ”可推断，男士认为自己做了一件小事。
53．A.shared B．created
C．believed D．heard
答案 A
解析 作者讲述这个故事，即与读者分享这个故事。
54．A.invite B．remind
C．warn D．require
答案 B
解析 本文讲述了男士为小鸟碾碎面包块，不但鸟儿获得了食物而且也清理了面包块。作者分享此故事是希望提醒读者像那位男士一样，留意自己小区里的残余饭菜。
55．A.force B．persuade
C．inspire D．train
答案 C
解析 作者希望这个故事能激励读者做一些类似的好事。
非选择题部分
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The greyhound is a dog with a long neck and head，and small ears.They come in a variety 56. colors including black，red and white.They have long and powerful legs and small feet 57. help them move fast.In fact，they are the fastest dogs around.Young 58. (health) greyhounds can run up to 72km per hour.They usually live for about 15 years or sometimes more.
In the past，greyhounds 59. (train) to hunt and were very good hunting dogs.They haven’t given 60. hunting but nowadays they also have another purpose.Greyhounds have been trained by professionals for many years 61. (race)，and many people go to the racetracks to watch them run.
Like most athletes，greyhounds have relatively short careers.When they 62. (run) their last race，they’re still quite young and have the potential to live long.But these 63. (retire) racers need good homes.
64． (fortunate)，greyhounds are friendly and gentle with children.Families who have adopted greyhounds agree that a(n) 65. (good) pet cannot be found!
56．答案 of
解析 考查介词。a variety of意为“各种各样的”，为固定搭配。
57．答案 that/which
解析 考查关系代词。所填词引导定语从句，修饰先行词long and powerful legs and small feet，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
58．答案 healthy
解析 考查形容词。修饰名词greyhounds，故填形容词healthy。
59．答案 were trained
解析 考查时态和语态。由In the past可知，此处用一般过去时；且greyhounds与train之间是被动关系，故填were trained。
60．答案 up
解析 考查副词。give up意为“放弃”，为固定搭配。
61．答案 to race
解析 考查非谓语动词。训练灰狗的目的是让其参加比赛，动词不定式短语作目的状语，故填to race。
62．答案 have run
解析 考查时态。句意为“当它们完成最后一次比赛时”，表示到现在动作已经完成，故从句用现在完成时。
63．答案 retired
解析 考查形容词。所填词在句中作定语，故用形容词，retired意为“退休的”。
64．答案 Fortunately
解析 考查副词。所填词修饰整个句子，意为“幸运地”，故填Fortunately。
65．答案 better
解析 考查比较级。由cannot be found可知，此处用比较级，表示“比它更好的宠物”，故填better。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
假如你是李华，你的朋友Tom给你来信说近期由于饮食问题而身体不适，影响了学习和生活。请你按下面的要求给他写封信，建议他养成良好的饮食习惯。
1．吃健康早餐；
2．远离含脂肪、油、糖多的食物；
3．饮食要有规律。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom，
I’m sorry to hear that you are not well recently and I advise you should have a healthy eating habit.
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear Tom，
I’m sorry to hear that you are not well recently and I advise you should have a healthy eating habit.
Having healthy eating habits will help you have a healthy body and mind，and enjoy a happy life.There are many ways to develop healthy eating habits.
First，you ought to start a day with a healthy breakfast.It will improve your performance at school.Second，you’d better keep away from the food that is rich in fat，oil and sugar and keep a balanced diet.Last，you should eat meals regularly every day.
In a word，healthy eating habits will help keep you active and have a healthy lifestyle.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was a small town with fantastic landscapes that attracted a lot of rich people to live in.Ming was also attracted by the scenic spots of the town.But he had little money，so he rented a cheap house after he arrived.But what drew his attention most here was those wealthy people.So he took up a job to sell cell phones.But his cell phones were not good in quality.
One day，Ming’s pocket was empty again and wanted to earn money.Luckily，there was still a phone in his pocket to sell.Soon enough，he spotted a target(目标)—a seemingly wealthy middle-aged man in an old jacket.Ming came up to him and smiled politely，saying，“Hey，friend...”But the man was very cautious and asked，“What’s up？”
Ming said to him immediately，“Friend，I have a phone.I bought it at 5,000 yuan.But now I could sell it to you at only 3,000 yuan.” The man seemed uninterested in his phone and wanted to go away.Ming stopped him and said，“What about 2,000 yuan？”The man shouted at him，“What do you want to do with me？”
Ming immediately put up a poor face and hugged the man’s legs，crying to him，“Oh，my dear friend！Only 1,000 yuan，is it OK？”Ming began pouring out his “miserable story” as he was crying.The man，after seeing this，felt a little bit affected and put his hands into his pocket.Then he took out 1,000 yuan to Ming and took the phone away.
After earning 1,000 yuan，Ming felt happy.As he felt hungry，he went to a small restaurant to have lunch.Ming ordered several dishes and handed over a note of 100 yuan to the cashier(收银员)．The cashier stared at the banknote for quite a while，as if checking if it was a fake note(假币)，and then said to Ming，“Sorry，I could not find the change for you for the moment.Please wait a minute.”Then he went away.Staying in the restaurant without anything to do，Ming sat at a table and started to watch TV.After all，his cheap-rented house had no TV.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
The TV was broadcasting a piece of news
Paragraph 2：
The police car stopped before the small restaurant and
参考范文
The TV was broadcasting a piece of news that a gang of criminals using fake notes had come to the town and reminded the citizens to be mindful about it.The TV station also called on the public to call the police if they had any clues.All of a sudden，he heard police siren coming nearer and nearer and，out of fear，he was about to run away immediately.But with a slight hesitation，he thought that the police were not to catch him，so he stayed in the restaurant and pretended to know nothing.
The police car stopped before the small restaurant and two policemen came out of the car and arrested Ming.Ming could hardly resist.At this moment，the cashier showed up and said to the policemen，“Yes，it is he who uses fake notes！”Ming felt extremely shocked，and he suddenly realized that the person who had been cheated was not the man who had bought his phone，but he himself.He told the policemen what had happened and helped them get that man caught in the end.
