2020年中考英语专题16主谓一致课件（34PPT无素材）

(共34张PPT)
武汉专题16主谓一致
讲练结合
中考对主谓一致的考查主要包括以下三点：
1．学科名词作主语；表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语；the＋姓氏名词复数作主语；一些以 s 结尾的不可数名词作主语，如 news，maths；不定代词＋名词作主语，如 both of，neither 等。
2．主语后带有 with，except，like，as well as 等介词短语。
3．就近原则，如 there be 句型，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等。主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。因此，找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
一、语法一致
语法一致是指主语和谓语在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也必须采用复数形式。
1．以单数名词或代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。My brother is very tall.我弟弟很高
2．主语为第三人称单数，或一些习惯用作单数名词或不可数名词的词，如 money，information，clothing 等，谓语动词用单数。
3．主语为单个的不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

Running is good for us.跑步对我们来说很有益处。

注：what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况下用单数形式，但如果表语是复数或 what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词可以用复数形式。
4．由连词 and 或 both...and 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
Mike and Jack are good students.迈克和杰克是好学生。
注：如果 and 所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
由 and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有 no，each，every，more than a/an，many a/an 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
The writer and scientist has come.这位作家兼科学家已经来了。
5．主语后跟 with，along with，together with，no less than，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，besides，including 等词或短语时，谓语动词的数由前面主语的单复数来决定，不受短语的影响。

Mr.Brown，together with his children，has come to China.布朗先生和他的孩子们一起来到了中国。
6．某些只有复数形式的名词，如 trousers，clothes，glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数；如有单位量词时，谓语应和单位量词保持一致。

His trousers are too long.他的裤子太长了。
That pair of his trousers is too long.
7．“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

The number of students in our class is fifty-four.我们班学生人数为 54。

A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。
8.“a lot of(lots of，plenty of，a pile of，piles of，most of)＋名词”和“分数或百分数＋名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，

如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；
如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。

Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。
9.由“a pair(a kind ，a series...)＋of＋复数名词”

作主语时 ，谓语动词用单数形式；

“pairs(kinds...)＋of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。

Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作 15 双鞋。
10．主语为由 some，every，any，no， each...and each...，every...and every...构成的复合代词，或由不定代词 either，neither，anybody，anyone，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，nothing，each 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Is there anything wrong with your bike？你的自行车有什么毛病吗？
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。
Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。
11．在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who，which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

She is one of my classmates who are working hard.她是我同学中学习十分努力的一个。
She is the only one of my classmates who _____ working.
is
12. 某些只有复数形式的名词(如 clothes，trousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves..)作主语时，谓词动词用复数形式。

My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。

13.不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Reading is learning.读书就是学习。
【 】We make it a rule that each of us _____the bedroom one day a week.
A．has cleaned B．have cleaned
C．cleans D．clean
【 】 ______that pair of______a little cheaper？
A．Is；glass B．Are；glass C．Is；glasses D．Are；glasses
【 】 The number of books in the bookshop ____about 10 ，000 and a number of them______about science.
A．are is B． is was C．is are D．is were
c
c
c
2.表示重量、时间、长度、价格、金钱等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Ten years is a long time.十年是很长的一段时间。
Thirty minutes ____ enough for the work.
is
There _____ sixty minutes in an hour.
are
二、意义一致
意义一致是谓语动词的单复数要与主语意义上的单复数一致。即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。
1.由 and 连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念(即 and 后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。
The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。
The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。
3.集体名词，如 family，group，class，

population，team，public 等作主语时，若看作一个整体，其谓语动词用单数；若强调其中的每一个成员，则谓语动词用复数。

His family is a happy one.他家是个快乐的家庭。

The whole family are having supper.全家人正在吃晚饭。
population
做主语时，谓语动词单复数的选用
1.直接做主语，谓语动词用 ________
单数
2.前面有some,most ,百分数时，谓语动词用_______
复数
3. 前面有分数时，谓语动词用_______
单数/ 复数
4.表示多个地方的人口时，用________ .
复数
1. The population _____ increasing faster and faster .
2.About sixty percent of the population in China _____ farmers.
3.Three fifths of the population of the city now ________.
4. Many parts of the world,which once had large ________ and produced plenty of crops.

E
A
A/E
F
A. are B. population C. smoke D. smokes
E. is F. populations
4. police，people，cattle 等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
The police haven't caught the thief yet.警方还没抓住窃贼。
5.“some/the rest/all/most of the＋名词”等既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词，谓语动词的单复数由被修饰的名词决定。
Some of the summer camps are in the countryside or on the lake.其中一些夏令营驻扎在乡村或湖上。
6．分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词要与它们所指代的名词的数一致。
Two thirds of the work has been finished.工作已完成了三分之二。
7.“the＋形容词”作主语时，若表示一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；若表示抽象概念，
谓语动词用单数。“the＋姓氏名词复数”表示“……一家人”或“……夫妇”，当其在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The blind need more help.盲人需要更多的帮助。
The Greens are Americans.格林一家是美国人。
8．当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
Harry Potter is an interesting book.《哈里·波特》是一本有趣的书。
No pains ,no gains. ______ a useful saying.
is
9．以-ics 结尾的表示学科的名词，如 physics，politics，mathematics(maths)等以及一些以-s 结尾的名词，如 news，James 等不可数名词或专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

I think physics is easy.我认为物理很容易。

2.The news is very important.这则消息很重要。
10. 算式中，表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。

What is/are three times three？3 乘以 3 是多少？
( ) —How much ______the pair of shoes?
Twenty dollars______enough.
A．is；is B．is；are C．are；is D．are；are
c
三、就近一致
就近一致是指谓语动词的数与并列主语中

最靠近它的那个主语保持一致。
1．当两个主语由 or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not...but...，not only...but also...，
whether...or...连接时，谓语动词和它相邻的主语保持一致。

Neither he nor I am going to Beijing.他和我都不去北京。

Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.
不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。

He or you have taken my pen.
他或你拿了我的钢笔。
2．在 there be 句型中或以 here 等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，谓语动词 be 应与后面的名词保持一致。当后面的名词不止一个时，be 的人称和数应与最靠近它的那个名词的人称和数保持一致。

There are ten desks and a chair in the classroom.
教室里有 10 张课桌和 1 把椅子。

There is an apple and two bananas on the table.
桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。
【 】 There______lots of people at the restaurant when I got there.
A．Is B．was C．are D．were
【 】 ______ Lily______Lucy is going with you because one of them must stay at home.
A．Not only；but also B．Neither；nor C．Both；and D．Either；or
【 】 There______some flowers on the teacher's desk just now ， but now there______nothing on it.
A．have；has B．were；has C．were；is D．has ；has
C
D
D
一、单项选择
（ ）1．______of the teachers_______women in our school.
A. Two thirds ，is B. second three ,is C. Two thirds ,are D. Second three, are
（ ）2．None of us _____ running, but we all like swimming.
A.likes B.liked C.liking D.would like to
（ ）3． Neither John nor I _______ good at football. We hope to practice it well.
A. be B. am C. Is D. are
C
A
B
（ ）4． Neither I nor my father_______ swimming.
A. like B. is like C. likes D. liking
（ ）5． There ________ an egg and some apples in the fridge.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
（ ）6．－Why are there _____ people over there? －Because
there _____ lots of water.
A．a lot of; is B．lots of; are C．a lot; is D．a lot of; are
C
A
A
（ ）7．—do you need more time to complete the task?
--yes, another ten days _____ enough.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
（ ）8．The number of people invited _____fifty, but a number of them ______ absent (缺席) for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
（ ）9．In our class _____ of the students _____ girls.
A.third fifths; is B.third fifth; are C.three fifth; is D.three fifths; are
C
C
D
（ ）10．________ people________ walking
along the beach.
A. A small number of ; is B. The number of ; are
C . A number of ; are D. The number of ; is

（ ）11． In our library, the number of books ________
more than 40,000.
A. is B. are C. has D. Have
C
A
12. He is the one of the boys who _______ fond of football.

13. He is one of the students that _________ late this morning.

14.Jeff is the right one of the students that _______ awarded.

A. is B. are C. was D. were
A
D
C
Thank you