走向2020年中考英语考场第二轮复习 阅读理解 摘录要点类型（含答案）

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走向2020年中考英语考场
《走向2020年中考英语考场第二轮复习》根据大纲和中考要求编写而成的。复习内容含“选择填空”，“完形填空”，“阅读理解”，“补全对话”，“书面表达”五部分。 根据每部分的复习内容，设计了《试题特点》、《考点归纳》、《解题思路》、《实例分析》、《能力检测》等栏目，旨在帮助考生掌握考试依据，把握中考脉动，认识命题技术，提升解题能力，做到科学备考。《能力检测》训练题主要从2019年中考英语试题中精选出来的 ，针对性强，并附有答案，供同学们查对，以求及时反馈与纠正。

第二轮复习

阅读理解 （摘录要点类型）


该题型根据短文和表格所提供的语言信息，以填写词语的方式完成文后各题，主要考查学生三个方面的能力：捕捉信息能力，组织信息能力，综合概括信息能力。这种题目中所填的词或词组往往具有很高的概括性和准确性，因此,考生必须认真阅读材料,尽可能地从短文中到所要填写的词语?

做这种题可以从以下几方面入手：
1) 纵览全文。在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点和重要信息，找出关键词语，如人物、事物、时间、年代、地点、数量、种类等。
2）分析图表。要特别注意图表里的小标题，这有助于快速了解图表结构及图表大意，从而有助于预测短文的主旨大意和写作结构，还可以准确定位试题具体的填空要求。
3）仔细填写。在了解短文大意的同时，要确定填空的内容，即所填写词语是否与已知文章中的一致。在填写时一定要仔细，稍一马虎就可能出错。例如，有的属于明确信息，有的要通过逻辑推理，有的句子是文章中原句的同义词，有的为了表达同样的语意，原文中使用的结构不适合于试题中，因此要适当转化结构。
4）审核答案。做完题目后，要立足整体，揣摩所填之词是否符合文章内容，同时还要注意动词时态与语态、人称、名词单复数，形容词或副词及其比较级或最高级是否有误；首字母是否大写；句子的主谓搭配是否合理等。

阅读下面短文，根据其内容，完成表格中所缺的信息。
Some people prefer to make friends with people who are very much like them while others prefer friends who are very different. There are advantages to both types of friendship. If a man chooses a friend similar to himself, there is no problem that they will share many common interests. They may have similar goals in life. This means that they will be able to help each other in achieving their goals. Two people who are very similar will feel comfortable with each other and may understand each other's feelings better. Their friendship may be deeper and last longer.
There are also many advantages of making friends with someone of opposite interests and even character. In this type of friendship, the two people complement (补充) each other. If one is weak in some ways, the other is strong. While two people with similar goals may find themselves in competition, but those who want different things can always support each other. Those who have different interests can introduce each other to new experience and so enrich (丰富) their knowledge. A friend who is unlike me may be challenging, but a similar friend is familiar and safe.
Friendship Friends ___6__
One type of friendship Similar to each other ·Share common interests． ·Have similar goals in life， ·Be ___7___for their goals ·Friendship lasts longer．
The other type of friendship Opposite to each other ·Complement each other． ·Support each other． ·Make ___8___in knowledge．
Topic：___9___
Author’s attitude：Preferring ___10___
解析：
6.根据这栏的内容可知，谈的是两种类型友谊的各自的优势。答案为Advantages。
7.从第一段“they will be able to help each other in achieving their goals.”可知其意思；但是这里需要一个形容词，用于“be…for”之间。答案为helpful to each other。
8.从第二段最后一句“enrich their knowledge.”可知意思；这里使用 “make…+形容词”结构。答案为each other (be) rich。
9. 通读本文可知，主要谈两种类型的友谊，选择性格相似的朋友或者选择性格相反的朋友好处也不同。答案为Choosing friends或Two types of friendship
10.从最后一段 “A friend who is unlike me may be challenging, but a similar friend is familiar and safe.[” 可知作者倾向于第一种类型的。答案为the first type of friendship。

（一）
（2019年哈尔滨中考试题，保留原题号）
Leonardo da Vinci(莱奥纳多·达芬奇) was a famous artist who was born in Italy. He was also a great inventor. Many of his inventions have become important in modern life. Although Leonardo hated war. he invented many different machines used for war. His most special invention was the machine gun, which was produced and used in war. Besides , Leonardo spent days thinking about how to save time. He developed ideas for something like cutting machines.
Leonardo was a strange man. He never ate meat. That was very unusual in those times(时代). He never published(发表) scientific discoveries. He usually used mirror writing, which looks like usual writing in a mirror, starting from the right side of the page and moving to the left side。
Only a few of his paintings are left today. Many paintings were not finished because he thought they were not perfect。
Leonardo was talented and creative. He was regarded as one of the most intelligent men in the world.
根据短文内容完成表格,每空一词。
Leonardo da Vinci
His status(身份) Not only an artist but also an __76__
His inventions and ideas ?The machine __77__?Ideas for something like machines used to __78__
His strange behaviors ?He never ate meat.?He never published discoveries connected with __79__?He used mirror writing
__80__ only a few of his paintings are left today Because many paintings were not finished
（二）
（2019年山西中考试题，保留原题号）
请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在下面的表格中填入与文章意思最符合的单词，每空一词。
As the proverb says, “Your tongue has the power of life and death.” This means that your words have power to finally cause things to happen, even life or death.
We may all experience the power of words in our life, even when we were very young. A child is blamed (责备) by teachers or parents, and after that, he might probably think of himself as a bad child. Most kids have that experience. They say it is important to praise children four times for each negative (负面的) word. Blaming will make things worse, while positive words are helpful especially when being in trouble or in need. When we fail the exam, encouraging words from our teachers or parents make us work harder at our lessons.
Encouraging words can go quite along way. They lift people up. For example, encouraging words to someone who is sad can help them make it through the day. Words can have a powerful effect on your brain. And it will in turn (相应地) have a great influence on your action.
Everything you do depends on what you choose to do. It’s not your parents, your past relationships or your job, but you and only you that are responsible for every goal you set. If you have dreams in life, write them down and speak them out. Your words are likely to bring you out something amazing.
The Power of WordsYour words have power to finally cause things to happen, even life or death.
Example 159. being blamed, a child may probably think of himself as a bad child. Example 2Encouraging words make students who can’t 60. the exam work harder at lessons.Example 3Encouraging words help 61. people make it through the day.
Words have a powerful effect on your brain, and in turn it influences your action 62. . Everything you do depends on the 63. you make.
Your words are likely to bring out something amazing.
（三）
（2019年辽宁抚顺中考试题，保留原题号）
阅读下面短文，完成表格。
Do you have any difficulties while studying? In fact, to learn with success is not a very difficult task if you follow some basic rules. I hope they will help you study successfully.
All problems can be solved by working hard. It makes the fool wise, the poor rich, the weak strong. It makes a wonderful difference. In learning, a hard-working fool gets more than a lazy wise.
To set our heart on one thing at a time and give up all other thoughts is also a good way. Those who often change their subjects will never succeed. For this reason, while you are learning one subject, don't consider learning another one in order to be successful.
Constancy (持之以恒) makes a certain (必然). On the other hand, inconstancy often results failure（失败）.If we study day after day, than is nothing that can not be achieved. We should remember a worthy saying "'Constant dropping of water wears away a nonce"
Besides, to be on time is another rule. It helps to achieve your dream. The habit of keeping certain hours is of very importance to successful learning. Work while you wok; play while you play. Every man will certainly become strong and wise as long as we does so.
The title: 81
Work hard In learning, a lazy wise gets 82 a hard-working fool.
Set our heart on one thing While you are studying one subject, don’t consider learning another one 83 you can be successful.
Be constant Useless we study day after day, nothing 84 .
85 The habit of keeping certain hours makes you strong and wise.
（四）
（2019年扬州中考试题，保留原题号）
阅读下面短文，根据短文中的信息完成文后表格。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，写成空缺处所填单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Nowadays, many people in China and Japan are racing against time. They put a lot of value in “being on time”. However, in some countries of the world, people have different opinions on “being on time”.
Germany
Thanks to its industrial past, in Germany you are expected to arrive at least ten minutes earlier for any planned meeting.
In Germany, being on time is risky enough because your hosts will probably already be there waiting, wondering how on earth you could be so stupid. What will you do if anything unexpected happens, like heavy traffic or a sudden rain? So remember to arrive early in Germany.
Saudi Arabia
Some countries care little about time and Saudi Arabia is one of them. It’s because of their long history of desert living where time is not the first thing to think about. It could be that it’s too hot to do anything on time. So don’t expect them to be on time. Moreover, looking at your watch during an event is even considered as bad manners. So don’t get angry with them, either.
Ghana
Most meeting times can be changed, even if an exact time is given, Ghanaians are very relaxed and easygoing. They think that if everyone is late, then no one is late. After all, what can’t be done today can get done tomorrow. If you find it difficult to deal with, prepare to be unhappy. Otherwise, sit back enjoy the ride.
Russia
Patience is considered a very important quality in Russian culture but being on time is not. When doing business in Russia, do be on time. Otherwise, it will be considered disrespectful. But Russians won’t hold themselves to the same standard. So, again, patience can be key.
How differently people ______56_______ “being on time” in different countries
________57______ Different opinions on “being on time”
China and Japan ●Both Chinese and Japanese think it________58______to be on time.
Germany ●_______59________expect you to arrive early for any planned meeting because of the influence of their industrial past. ●You are thought to be stupid _____60_______you arrive at least ten minutes earlier.
Saudi Arabia ●Time is not the_______61________thing for people living in the desert to consider. ●Looking at your watch during an event is considered to be_________62_______
Ghana ●Ghanaians think that if everyone is late, then_______63______ is late. ●Most meeting times can be changed. You might be unhappy if you can’t accept it.
Russia ●Be patient in Russia because it’s very important quality in its _______64_______. ●While doing business in Russia, you should be on time, though Russians are not strict with_______65______ in it.
（五）
（2019年成都中考试题，保留原题号）
完成图表根据短文内容，完成图表中所缺信息。
In 30 years from now, what will we eat? Will the food still be the same as it is now?
The United Nations says that there will be over 9 billion people in the world by 2050. Our food needs will grow by 70%. What we eat now may not be enough for humans in the future. That is to say, we’ll have to turn to something else. But what else can we eat? Here are a few possible choices.
Veggie (Vegetable) meat
A new kind of hamburger is now popular in the US. It looks the same as any other hamburger, and so is the taste. But it’s actually a “beef” burger made out of plants. The company behind the burger, Impossible Foods, uses peas and potatoes to make the “beef”. They take coloring, protein (蛋白质) and fats from these plants and mix them together.
Making meat out of plants uses less water and land than raising animals for meat. It also creates fewer green house gases. Some food companies are making chicken, pork and other meat out of plants, too-follow the same steps as making the “beef”.
Insects

Insects take up little space and don’t make much waste. They also have more protein than beef, chicken and pork. This makes insects another possible food of the future.
It’s common for people in some places to eat whole insects. But most people probably won’t want to see the insects they eat. So in the future, people will first turn insects used for food into powder (粉末). Then they can use the powder to make other foods like chips, protein bars, biscuits and so on.
Algae
The BBC says algae farming could become the world’s biggest farming industry in the future. They point out that algae is cheap and grows very quickly. Also, it’s very nutritious (有营养的). It has much more protein and oil than many other plants.
Besides eating algae as a dish on its own, people may also use algae oil and algae butter in the future. Some algae has a strong taste. The UK scientists are trying to use algae to take the place of salt.
Reason:Traditional food may not 1 of people in the future because of the rising population. Result predictions:☆Humans will have enough food.☆Future food is good for both 2 .

Veggie meat Insects Algae
Advantages ☆has the same looks and tastes as any other 3 ☆uses less water and land than raising animals ☆creates fewer green house gases ☆take up little space ☆make less waste ☆have more protein ☆cheap and grows quickly ☆rich in protein and oil for humans ☆used to get oil from and make butter ☆possible to take the place of salt because of its 5
Producing processes 1st: take coloring, protein and fats from plants2nd: mix coloring, protein and fats together 1st: turn insects used for food into powder-to avoid making people feel 4 and 4 when eating2nd: use the powder to make other foods
（六）
（2019年凉山中考试题，保留原题号）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺的信息，并将其答案的完整形式写在答题卡上相应的位置。每空一词。
When l was a teenager growing up in a town, I felt studying very boring, I wanted to leave school and have my own life. There were only two ways for me to do this—working in the toy factory in my town, or getting married. I chose the first one. I was nervous when I told my
father that I wanted to leave school. I thought he would say, “No! You are going to college.” Instead, he surprised me when he said, “OK. We’ll go to the toy factory.”
Two days later, he took me to the factory. I had a very romantic idea of working in a factory. I had imagined everyone to be friendly working together and having fun. I even imagined there would be music and singing. I guess I had watched too many movies as a teenager.
When we arrived at the factory gates, my father spoke to the guard and one minute later we went inside. My father said, “Take your time. Look around.” I walked around the factory, looking at the buildings, the workers, and listening to the noise. It was terrible. I ran back to my father and said, “I want to go home.”
He asked me, “What do you think of the factory?”
“It’s terrible.” I replied.
“You have the other choice if you don’t want to go back to school. But I think getting married is even worse!” he said.
I went back to school the next day. From then on, I studied as hard as I could. Finally I got into a good college. I enjoyed studying English, so I decided to major in languages at college. Thanks to my father and our trip to the factory, now I work in a company which is a big one in a city. And my father takes pride in me. I married a very good man and my life is much better than it would have been working in the factory!
A 96 to a factory with my father
At school I felt bored to 97 .
I have 98 choices if I leave school. I didn’t choose to get__ 99 __.
I choose to work in a toy factory.
I told my father about the decision and he 100 .
In the factory The factory I ____101______ The workers would have 102____ working together.
There would be music and singing.
The factory I walk around It’s terrible to have much__ 103 .
At___104____ I majored in languages because I like English.
In a big company I have a good family.
My father is__ 105 _of me.

Key:
（一）76. inventor 77. gun 78. cut 79. science 80. Why
（二）59.after 60. past 61. sad 62. greatly 63. choice/choices
（三）
81. The way/ How to learn / study with success / successfully/ Successful learning…
82. less than
83. so that/ in order that
84. can be achieved
85. Be on time.
（四）
56.think / consider 57. Countries 58.valuable 59. Germans 60. unless
61.first 62.rude / impolite 63.nobody 64.culture 65.themselves
（五）
1. satisfy/meet the needs
2. environment and health
3. meat
4. sick/terrible, scared/frightened
5. strong taste
（六）
96.visit．97. study 97.two 99. married 100. agreed 101. imagined 102.fun．
103. noise 104. last 105.proud







试题特点

解题思路

实例分析

能力检测






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