人教版高中英语必修4 Unit 5 Theme Parks 语法：构词法 课件（21张PPT）

(共21张PPT)
Grammar
Word formation
构词法
三大构词法：
　　１．合成(compound)
　　２．派生(derivation)
　　３．转化(conversion)
1.合成法　compounding
定义：是把两个或两个以上的自由词合　
　　　并在一起构成新词，成为一个合成词
　　　compound words。
形式：可以直接相连(one word)，或用“－”
连接(words joined by hyphen), 也可
分开(two separated words)。
free-fall, old-fashioned, steam-engine, world-famos
whichever, whatever, wherever, southeastern, indoor, outdoor, craftsmen, horseback
roller coaster
Turn to P34 and find out these 3 kinds of compound words in the reading passage.
Compound word with a hyphen
Compound word put together
Compound words separated
1). 合成名词
(1) n+n
air conditioner 空调
blood pressure 血压
income tax 所得税
credit card 信用卡
(2) adj + n
central bank 中央银行
fast food 快餐
solar system 太阳系
remote control 遥控
Compound
(3) v-ing +另一词
washing machine 洗衣机
driving license 驾驶执照
(4) 其他方式
by-product 副产品
editor-in-chief 主编
2). 合成形容词
(1) 形容词-名词+ed词尾的词构成。
absent-minded 心不在焉的
grey-haired 头发灰白的
(2)形容词+动词的ing 或另一词构成
long-suffering 长期受苦的
far-reaching 深远的(影响)
3. 合成动词
water-ski 滑冰 overeat 吃得太多
baby-sit 看孩子
water
kind
down
souvenir
life
hard
hand
worth
No2 Make compound words P37:
town
phone
some
melon
cream
shop
size
ice
mobile
working
hearted
while
downtown
mobilephone
handsome
watermelon
icecream
Souvenir-shop
Life-size
hardworking
kind-hearted
worthwhile
2.转化　conversion
定义：
　　　一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或
　　　几种词性。　
形式：
　　　转化后词形不变，但有的单词读音会
　　　发生变化。
　 (1) v—n :
(2) n—v :
(3) adj—v:
(4) adv—v:
charge (v)—charge (n)　
hand (n)—hand (v)
clean (adj)—clean (v)
down (adv)—down (v)
词形不变
读音变化
use / ju:s/ (n)—use /ju:z/ (v)
present / `preznt/ (n)—present /pri`zent/ (v)
３.派生　 Derivation
定义：
由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。　
形式：
　　　通常词形都会发生变化，词性有时也会发生变化。
1) 前缀prefix:
(1) dis-: 　
disagree, dislike, disappear
(2) in-(il-, im-, ir-): 　
incorrect, impossible, irregular, illegal
(3) un-: 　
unhappy, unable, unfit
　(4) non-:　
nonstop, nonverbal (非语言的)
(5) mis-:
mislead, misunderstand
(6) re-: 　　
rewrite, review
2) 后缀suffix:
(1) 构成名词：-er, -ese, -ist, -ian, -ment, -tion, -ness, -th.
buyer, Chinese, socialist, musician
agreement, collection, illness, truth
(2) 构成形容词: -al, -an, -ful, -ing, -y, -less
national, American, careful, exciting,
cloudy, useless
(3) 构成动词: -fy, -is (z)e:
beautify, realize
(4) 构成副词: -ly: badly
(5) 构成数词: -teen, -ty, -th
thirteen, sixty, twelfth
1.Write out the original words. P37
unchangeable adj _______
dislike v __________
impossibility n _________
unfriendly adj__________
overwork v ______________
misunderstanding n ____________
athletic adj______________
misread v ________
translator n _____________
change
like
possible
friend
work
understand
athlete
read
translate
Practice
2. Fill the table with the different forms of the words P37.
admission
admissible
admissibly
imagination
imaginative
imaginatively
settlement
settled
equipment
equipped
attraction
attractive
attractively
Noun verb Adjective Adverb
amusement amuse amusing amusingly
admit
imagine
settle
equip
attract
3. Make compound words after the models.
A: part, long, passer, film, short, well,
cold, baby, get, low, world
B: by, known, time, maker, wave,
famous, sitter, term, together,
lying, blooded
Model: part + time = part-time
Fill in the blanks with the words above.
1) It’s a good idea to start a
_________ job to make extra money.
2) It’s necessary to use a __________
radio to pick up the program.
3) Walt Disney, the great __________,
was born in Chicago in 1901.
part-time
short-wave
film-maker
4) The Dead Sea is very _________, at around 395 meters below sea level.
5) We’re having a little ___________ to celebrate his birthday.
6) They often perform in the streets for the _________.
7) I’m sure you will be __________ soon.
low-lying
get-together
passers-by
well-known
4. Make compound words after the models.
Model: bed + clothes = bedclothes
A: book, boy, sea, fire, over, under,
friend, sun, court, day, wide
B: mark, side, burnt, friend, light,
yard, fighter, ground,
coat, ship, spread
1) The fire lasted about 4 hours before the __________ could control it.
2) At school she formed a close _________ with several other girls.
3) They decide to spend their holiday at the _______.
4) He put on a hat and ________ before he went out.
firefighters
friendship
Fill in the blanks with the words above.
seaside
overcoat
5). Lucy enjoys travelling by ____________. That’s how she goes to work every day.
6). The children are playing happily in the _________.
underground
courtyard

5.给下列单词加上前缀dis-, un-, in-或im-, 构
成意思相反的词。
1. agree _______ 2. complete _________
3. healthy _________4. important ________
5. able _______ 6. cover _______________
7. known _______ 8. practical _________
9. tidy _______ 10. perfect _________
11. visible _______ 12. fit _________
disagree
incomplete
unhealthy
unimportant
unable
discover / uncover
unknown
impractical
untidy
imperfect
invisible
unfit