第七讲 动词概述及时态
考题自测体验
1.(2019湖南郴州)—Where is Mr.Green?
—He the bookshop. You have to wait for him.?
A.was going to
B.has gone to
C.has been to
答案:B
解析:表达去了某地还没回来用has gone to, 故选B项。
2.(2019湖南益阳)—Kate, the TV, please. It’s time to go to bed.?
—OK, Mum.
A.turn on B.turn off
C.turn up
答案:B
解析:根据后面的到了上床睡觉的时间了, 可知设空处表示关上电视。故选B项。
3.(2019天津)—What is your plan for next weekend, Lingling?
—I volunteer work in the museum.?
A.was doing B.did
C.have done D.am going to do
答案:D
解析:问句表达下周末的计划, 故用be going to 结构。故选D项。
4.(2019湖南湘潭)—Have you ever the Terracotta Army in Xi’an??
—Yes, I went there last year.
A.gone to B.been to
C.been in
答案:B
解析:根据答语我去年去过那里可知, 问句表示“你去过兵马俑吗?”表示到过某地应用have been to。故选B项。
5.(2019海南)—China plans to send another spaceship into space.
—Wow! More and more secrets soon.?
A.are going to discover
B.will be discovered
C.have discovered
答案:B
解析:根据soon可知应用将来时, 又因secrets与discover之间构成动宾关系, 故用被动语态。选B项。
6.(2019四川南充)—Daddy, when will we go out to fly a kite?
—As soon as the rain .?
A.is stopping B.stopped
C.will stop D.stops
答案:D
解析:时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。故选D项。
7.(2019四川南充)—It’s cold outside, Jimmy! You should your sweater.?
—Thanks, mum.
A.take off B.take in
C.put on D.put up
答案:C
解析:根据前面的外面天气寒冷可知, 你应当穿上毛衣。put on“穿上”, 故选C项。
8.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)I really need to take more exercise because I’m weight.?
A.putting down B.putting on
C.putting off D.putting away
答案:B
解析:句意: 我真的需要多锻炼了, 因为我长胖了。此处表示正在进行, 故选B项。
9.(2019四川乐山)—Look, Linda. The flowers in our classroom came out in one night.
—I can’t believe it. They are beautiful and colorful. They great.?
A.sound B.smell
C.taste
答案:B
解析:根据句意可知此处表示花闻起来很好。smell“闻起来”;sound“听起来”;taste“尝起来”。故选B项。
10.(2019江苏南京)—Wendy, how long have you had the Huawei P30 Pro?
—A couple of days. I it last week.?
A.bought B.buy
C.will buy D.have bought
答案:A
解析:根据时间状语last week 可知, 此句应用一般过去时。故选A项。
11.(2019安徽)—It’s ten years since we came here.
—How time flies! We in China for so long.?
A.work
B.worked
C.will work
D.have worked
答案:D
解析:根据for可知表达一段时间, 应用现在完成时。故选D项。
12.(2018重庆B卷)The cake delicious. I’d like to have another one. ?
A.tastes B.looks
C.sounds D.feels
答案:A
解析:句意: 蛋糕吃起来很美味。我想再要一块。由句意可知, 应是表达“尝起来” 的意思, 故选A项。
13.(2018天津)I am afraid we cannot to take a taxi. Let’s go by underground instead. ?
A.refuse B.afford
C.forget D.fall
答案:B
解析:句意: 恐怕我们负担不起乘坐出租车的费用。我们还是乘地铁去吧。refuse“拒绝”; afford“买得起, 负担得起”; forget“忘记”; fall“降落, 落下”。根据句意可知选B项。
14.(2018天津)—Jerry, have you ever been to the Great Wall?
—Yes. I there with my parents last year. ?
A.go B.went
C.will go D.have gone
答案:B
解析:由时间状语“last year” 可知, 应用一般过去时, 故选B项。句意: ——杰瑞, 你去过长城吗? ——是的。我去年和我父母去过那里。
15.(2018湖北黄冈)—Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it?
—In April. I it for two months. ?
A.have had B.had
C.have bought D.bought
答案:A
解析:由后面的时间状语“for two months” 可知, 应用现在完成时, 且是延续性动词。故选A项。
16.(2018湖北武汉)My sister the piano very well, but she hasn’t had time to play recently. ?
A.will play B.has played
C.played D.plays
答案:D
解析:句意: 我妹妹钢琴弹得非常好, 但是她最近没有时间弹。表示一种常态, 应用一般现在时。故选D项。
17.(2017天津)When you break the rules, you should to your teacher. ?
A.apologise B.introduce
C.expect D.compare
答案:A
解析:句意: 当你违反规则时, 你应当向你的老师道歉。apologise“道歉”; introduce“介绍”; expect“期望”; compare“比较”。由句意可知应选A项。
18.(2017山东青岛)These oranges look nice, but very sour. ?
A.feel B.taste
C.sound D.look
答案:B
解析:句意: 这些橘子看起来漂亮, 但尝起来非常酸。feel“(接触)摸起来”; taste“尝起来”; sound“听起来”; look“看起来”。结合句意可知选B项。
19.(2017安徽)Our geography teacher told us to more information about our city and share it next week. ?
A.find out B.keep away
C.turn off D.use up
答案:A
解析:句意: 我们的地理老师让我们找出关于我们这个城市的更多信息然后在下周共享。find out“找出, 查明, 发现, 揭发”; keep away“防范, 远离, 不接近”; turn off“关掉, 关闭, 拐弯”; use up“用完, 耗尽”。结合句意和语境可知选A项。
20.(2017安徽)It is necessary for schools to the need of all the students’ development. ?
A.cut B.hide
C.refuse D.satisfy
答案:D
解析:句意: 对于学校来说, 满足所有学生发展的需要是很有必要的。这里是“It is+adj.+for sb.to do sth.” 句式, 要求选出符合句意的动词。cut“切割, 缩短, 削减”; hide“隐藏, 隐瞒”; refuse“拒绝, 抵制”; satisfy“满足, 使满意”。结合句意和语境可知选D项。
课件151张PPT。第七讲 动词概述及时态考点一考点二动词概述
(一)动词的基本形式
1.动词原形
2.一般现在时的第三人称单数的变化规则考点一考点二考点一考点二3.动词-ing形式的变化规则 初中阶段常见的需要双写最后一个辅音字母变动词-ing形式的动词有: shop, stop, drop, run, get, sit, dig, put, begin, swim, chat, prefer等。考点一考点二4.动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
(1)规则变化考点一考点二(2)不规则变化
有些动词变为过去式和过去分词时并不遵循以上规律, 其主要分为以下几种:
①AAA型, 即原形、过去式和过去分词都相同。如: cost—cost—cost; cut—cut—cut; hit—hit—hit
②ABB型, 即过去式和过去分词相同。如: bring—brought—brought; build—built—built; catch—caught—caught; keep—kept—kept; tell—told—told; feed—fed—fed; learn—learnt—learnt; say—said—said; sit—sat—sat; make—made—made考点一考点二③ABC型, 即原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。如: sing—sang—sung; blow—blew—blown; write—wrote—written; wake—woke—woken
④AAB型, 即过去式和原形相同。如: beat—beat—beaten
⑤ABA型, 即过去分词和原形相同。如: come—came—come; run—ran—run考点一考点二典例1Bob has many storybooks and he often s (分享)them with his friends. ?
解析:句意: 鲍勃有许多故事书, 他经常与朋友们分享它们。由汉语及首字母提示联想到单词share。分析句子结构可知: 本句缺少谓语动词, 且其主语为第三人称单数he; 由前一分句可知本句为一般现在时, 应用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填shares。
答案:shares考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二(二)动词的分类 考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二典例2—Would you like to try some pizza?
—Yes, please. It lovely and nice. ?
A.sounds; sees B.hears; turns
C.looks; smells D.sounds; watches
解析:句意: ——你想尝尝比萨饼吗? ——是的。它看起来很好, 闻起来很香。look“看起来”; smell“闻起来”。故选C项。
答案:C考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二(三)动词词组
常见以下六种类型: 考点一考点二考点一考点二典例3—Lucy, could you please help me this math problem? ?
—OK. Let me try.
A.look up B.work out
C.set up D.find out
解析:句意: 露西, 你可以帮助我解决这个数学难题吗? ——好的。让我试试。look up “查阅, 查找”; work out“解决”; set up“建立”; find out“找出, 查明”。故选B项。
答案:B考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二(四)易混动词和动词词组辨析
1.accept和receive
accept指主观乐意接受, 表示心理活动。
receive指客观收到, 不表示心理活动。考点一考点二典例4Your application won’t until you complete the survey. ?
A.accept B.receive
C.be accepted D.be received
解析:句意: 你的申请将不会被接受, 除非你完成这个调查。accept强调“主观上接受”; receive强调“客观上收到”。
答案:C考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二2.arrive, reach和get 考点一考点二They can arrive in Beijing tonight.
=They can reach Beijing tonight.
=They can get to Beijing tonight.
他们今天晚上能到达北京。
注意当其后跟地点副词时, arrive和get后的介词要省略。
We must arrive/get there on time. 我们必须准时到那里。考点一考点二典例5—Who was the first to school yesterday? ?
—Tom was.
A.reach B.get C.arrive D.arrive in
解析:get跟地点名词时要加to, arrive是不及物动词, 跟地点名词时要加in(大地方)或at(小地方)。
答案:A考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二3.be made of, be made from, be made into, be made up of和be made in (2)材料+be made into+成品 考点一考点二(3)be made up of由……组成 (4)be made in由某地制造 考点一考点二典例6—Is the wine made grapes? ?
—Yes, and it’s made France. ?
A.of; in B.from; in
C.from; by D.of; as
解析:句意: ——这酒是葡萄制成的吗? ——是的, 它是在法国酿造的。be made from“由……制成”, 看不出原材料; be made in“在某地制造”。
答案:B考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二4.take, bring, carry和fetch 考点一考点二典例7—I don’t know where Nepal is.
—Let me a map of world for you. ?
A.take B.bring
C.fetch D.carry
解析:fetch表示“去拿来”, 由上文句意“我不知道尼泊尔在哪里” 可推测下文句意为“我去拿一张世界地图给你”。
答案:C考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二5.borrow, lend和keep 考点一考点二Can I borrow your bike?
我能借你的自行车吗?
Can you lend your dictionary to me?
你能把你的字典借给我吗?
How long can I keep the book?
我能保管这本书多长时间? 考点一考点二典例8—Could you me your bike, Tom? ?
—OK. And you can it for a week. ?
A.lend; keep B.borrow; lend
C.lend; borrow D.borrow; keep
解析:句意: ——你可以借给我你的自行车吗, 汤姆? ——可以。你可以借一周。动词lend “借(出)”, 非延续性动词; borrow“借(入)”, 非延续性动词; keep “借”, 延续性动词, 与“for +时间段” 连用。因为题干在问“你可以借给我你的自行车吗?” 属于借出, 应用动词lend; 而答语中存在时间状语for a week, 所以第二空必须为延续性动词keep。
答案:A考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二6.与come相关的动词词组 典例9The book won’t until the end of the year. ?
A.come out B.come over
C.come true D.come on
解析:句意: 这本书直到年底才出版。come out“出版; 发行”。
答案:A考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二7.expect, wish和hope 考点一考点二典例10The summer holiday is coming. My sister and I expect
the Great Wall. ?
A.visit B.to visit
C.visiting D.to visiting
解析:expect to do sth. 意为“期待做某事”。
答案:B考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二8.forget和leave
二者均有遗忘的意思, 一般来说, 只表示忘记某物, 强调大脑中无印象用forget。若表达“把某物忘在某地” 用leave。
典例11—I’m sorry I my exercise book at home this morning. ?
—It doesn’t matter. Don’t forget it here this afternoon. ?
A.left; to take B.forgot; bringing
C.left; to bring D.forgot; to bring
解析:把某物落在某地用leave;“忘记去做某事” 用forget to do sth. 。
答案:C考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二9.与get相关的动词词组 典例12Steven, we should the bus at the next stop. ?
A.get up B.get off
C.get to D.get in
解析:句意: 史蒂文, 我们应该在下一站下车。get up“起床”; get off“下车”; get to“到达”; get in“进入”。故选B项。
答案:B考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二10.与give相关的动词词组 考点一考点二典例13The old man all his money to the poor children after he died. ?
A.gave; up B.gave; in
C.gave; away D.gave; out
解析:give up“放弃”; give in“屈服”; give away“赠送, 捐助”; give out“分发”。由句意“去世后, 这位老人把所有的钱 贫困儿童” 可知选C项。?
答案:C考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二11.look for, find, find out, discover和invent I looked for it everywhere, but I could not find it.
我每处都找过了, 但就是找不到它。
Please find out when the train leaves.
请查一下火车什么时候离站。
People have discovered much oil in many places in China.
人们在中国的许多地方发现了大量的石油。
Who invented the telephone? 是谁发明了电话? 考点一考点二典例14—Have you your wallet? ?
—No, I haven’t. I’m still it. ?
A.found; looking for
B.looked for; finding
C.found; finding
D.looked for; looking for
解析:句意: ——你找到你的钱包了吗? ——没呢, 我还在找。find“找到”, 强调结果。look for“寻找”, 强调动作。
答案:A考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二12.与look相关的动词词组 典例15My mother is ill in hospital. I have to my grandparents at home. ?
A.look for B.look at
C.look up D.look after
解析:句意: 我妈妈生病住院了。我不得不在家里照顾我的爷爷奶奶。look for “寻找”; look at “看”; look up“查阅”; look after“照看”。故选D项。
答案:D考点一考点二考点一考点二30.Here is the book. First it and then tell me what you think of it. ?
A.look into B.look through
C.look up D.look after
答案:B
解析:look into“调查”; look through“浏览”; look up“查看”; look after“照顾”。根据题干意义“首先浏览一下这本书, 然后告诉我你的看法”, 故选B项。考点一考点二13.wear, put on和dress 考点一考点二She often wears a red coat.
她经常穿着一件红色大衣。
He put on her coat and went out.
他穿上大衣出去了。
The girl can dress herself.
这个女孩会自己穿衣服。考点一考点二典例16It’s cold outside. Please your coat when you go out. ?
A.put on B.dress C.wear D.put
解析:句意: 外面很冷, 当你出去的时候请穿上大衣。put on“穿上”, 强调动作。
答案:A考点一考点二考点一考点二32.She hurriedly the child and took him downstairs. ?
A.put on B.wore
C.dressed D.had on
答案:C
解析:put on, wear和have on的宾语都是衣服; dress 表示穿衣服时, 后接人做宾语。dress sb.意为“给某人穿衣服”。考点一考点二14.provide, offer和supply His parents used to provide him with food and clothing.
他的父母过去常常供他吃穿。
He offered me a glass of wine.
他端给我一杯酒。
The farm supplies the supermarket with fruits.
这家农场为这家超市供应水果。考点一考点二典例17Parents often their children some good advice. ?
A.offer; with B.provide; for
C.provide; with D.supply; for
解析:provide sb.with sth. =provide sth. for sb.=offer sb.sth. =offer sth. to sb.=supply sb.with sth. =supply sth. to sb., 故选C项。
答案:C考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二15.与put相关的动词词组 典例18The school sports meeting will be because of the heavy rain. ?
A.put up B.put on
C.put off D.put out
解析:句意: 校运动会因为大雨将会被推迟。put off“推迟”。故选C项。
答案:C考点一考点二16.speak, say, tell和talk —What did the teacher tell you?
——老师告诉你什么了?
—He said that he would speak English when he talked with the visitors.
——他说他将用英语和游客们交流。考点一考点二典例19Could you me how to it in Chinese? ?
A.say; speak B.speak; say
C.tell; say D.say; tell
解析:tell“告诉”; say后接说的内容。句意: 你能告诉我用汉语怎么说它吗?
答案:C考点一考点二考点一考点二38.It’s very nice you to me about it. ?
A.for; tell B.of; say
C.of; tell D.for; say
答案:C
解析:tell sb.about sth. 意为“告诉某人关于某事”。It’s+adj.of sb.to do sth. 意为“做某事某人真是太……了”。考点一考点二17.spend, take, cost和pay 考点一考点二He spent much time on his homework.
他花费许多时间做家庭作业。
Mike spent one yuan (in) buying a pencil.
迈克花1元钱买了一支铅笔。
It took us a week to finish the work.
我们花了一周的时间完成这项工作。
The bike cost me 200 yuan.
这辆自行车花了我200元。
Tom paid $200 for the coat.
汤姆买这件外套花了200美元。考点一考点二典例20Before stamps, people didn’t for the letters they sent, but for the letters they received. ?
A.pay B.cost
C.spend D.take
解析:pay for“为……付款”, 是固定短语。故选A项。
答案:A考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二18.与take相关的动词词组 典例21I my father’s wet shoes and washed his feet. ?
A.took out B.took off C.took place D.take care
解析:句意: 我 我父亲的湿鞋子并帮他洗脚。take out“取出, 外出”; take off“脱掉, 起飞”; take place“发生”; take care“小心”。根据题干提示wash his feet可知应选B项。?
答案:B考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二19.与turn相关的动词词组 典例22Mum wants to watch the CCTV news. Let’s the TV. ?
A.turn down B.turn on C.turn off D.turn up
解析:由上一句“妈妈想看中央电视台的新闻” 可知建议“打开电视”。turn on“打开”。
答案:B考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二20.used to, be used to, be used for和be used as 考点一考点二典例23She used to a bus to school, but now she is used to to school. ?
A.taking; walk B.take; walk
C.taking; walking D.take; walking
解析:句意: 她过去常常乘公共汽车去上学, 但是现在她习惯于步行去上学。used to do sth. “过去常常做某事”; be used to doing sth. “习惯于做某事”。
答案:D考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二21.listen和hear My father is listening to music now.
我爸爸现在正在听音乐。
I couldn’t hear what he said.
我没有听到他说的话。
典例24 ! Can you something? ?
A.Listen; listen B.Hear; hear
C.Hear; listen D.Listen; hear
解析:listen用于句首时表示提醒对方注意听; hear意为“听见”, 强调结果。
答案:D考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二动词时态
(一)一般现在时
1.构成
一般现在时的构成主要有两种形式:
(1)be动词型: 句子的谓语动词是be(am, is, are)。
(2)实义动词型: 句子的谓语动词用动词原形表示; 若主语是第三人称单数, 动词则用其第三人称单数形式。
注意常与一般现在时连用的时间状语:
always, usually, often, sometimes(at times), hardly, ever, never, once/twice/three times a week, every day/year..., on Sundays, in the morning等。考点一考点二2.用法 考点一考点二典例25—What do you often do at weekends?
—I often my grandparents. ?
A.visit B.visited
C.have visited D.will visit
解析:由问句“你通常在周末做什么?” 可知答语的时态为一般现在时。
答案:A考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二(二)一般过去时
1.用法 考点一考点二注意常与一般过去时连用的时间状语:
yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night/week/year, three days ago, the other day, just now, a moment ago, in 2008 等。考点一考点二2.一般过去时的句式转换 考点一考点二典例26—Have you ever climbed Mount Tai, Carol?
—Yes, I in Taian for a week last year and reached the top of it twice. ?
A.had stayed B.stay
C.stayed D.have stayed
解析:由时间状语last year可知时态为一般过去时。故选C项。
答案:C考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二(三)现在进行时
构成
肯定句: 主语+be(am, is, are)+动词-ing形式+其他.
否定句: 主语+be(am, is, are)+not+动词-ing形式+其他.
一般疑问句: Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语+动词-ing形式+其他?考点一考点二用法 考点一考点二注意下列动词通常不用于进行时态: 考点一考点二典例27Don’t enter the area. The students an English exam. ?
A.takes B.are taking
C.have taken D.were taking
解析:句意: 不要进入这片区域。学生们正在进行英语考试。由句意可知考试这个动作正在发生, 因此用现在进行时。故选B项。
答案:B考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二(四)过去进行时
构成及用法考点一考点二注意when与while用法辨析 考点一考点二典例28—I called you yesterday evening. But nobody answered.
—Oh, sorry. Maybe I in the bathroom at that time. ?
A.take a shower B.took a shower
C.was taking a shower D.am taking a shower
解析:由时间状语at that time可知时态为过去进行时。
答案:C考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二(五)一般将来时
1.构成
will/shall+动词原形
be (am, is, are) going to+动词原形
be (am, is, are) to+动词原形考点一考点二2.用法
表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与tomorrow, soon, later, next time, in+一段时间等连用。如:
I’ll start tomorrow.
我明天动身。
“be going to+动词原形” 用于表示主观上打算将来要做某事, 这种打算往往是事先安排好的或表示可能要发生或肯定要发生的事情。如:
She has bought some cloth and she is going to make herself a dress.
她买了一些布, 准备为自己做一件连衣裙。考点一考点二3.一般将来时的其他表达方式 考点一考点二典例29—Did you call Jenny?
—Oh no, I forgot. I her right away. ?
A.called B.have called
C.call D.will call
解析:句意: ——你给珍妮打电话了吗? ——哦, 不。我忘了。我马上就打。由句意可知时态是一般将来时。故选D项。
答案:D考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二(六)过去将来时
1.构成
(1)would/should+动词原形
(2)was/were going to+动词原形
2.用法考点一考点二典例30—Has Tom handed in his homework?
—Not sure. He told me that he wanted to check again and it in soon. ?
A.will hand B.would hand
C.has handed D.had handed
解析:由句意“他告诉我他想再检查一下就很快上交” 可知告诉“我” 时还没交, 又因主句是一般过去时, 从句应用过去将来时。
答案:B考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二(七)现在完成时
1.构成
助动词have/has+动词的过去分词。如:
I have worked in the middle school for 16 years.
我已经在这所中学工作16年了。考点一考点二2.用法考点一考点二3.现在完成时的特殊情况
用现在完成时来描述一个从过去一直延续到现在的动作时, 其谓语动词一定要用延续性动词。
初中阶段, 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换, 常用的有leave—be away, buy—have, begin/start—be on, die—be dead, finish—be over, join—be in+组织机构, fall ill—be ill, get up—be up, catch a cold—have a cold, come here—be here, go there—be there, come back—be back, borrow—keep, fall asleep—be asleep, put on—wear, get married—be married, get to know—know, enter/get to/reach—be in/at, go/leave for/set off/set out—be away from等。考点一考点二4.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 考点一考点二5.have/has been to与have/has gone to的用法
两者后跟表示地点的名词; 后接地点副词时, 介词to要省略, 其表达意义有区别。I have been to the USA.
我去过美国。(现在不在美国)
He’s gone to the library.
他去了图书馆。(现在仍在图书馆或在去图书馆的路上)考点一考点二典例31—Hobo and Eddie the cinema to watch the film Zootopia. ?
—Oh, that’s why I can’t find them now.
A.have gone to
B.have been to
C.has gone to
D.has been to
解析:have gone to表示“去某地了, 还没有回来”。故选A项。
答案:A考点一考点二考点一考点二考点一考点二(八)过去完成时
1.构成及用法 考点一考点二考点一考点二2.现在完成时和过去完成时的区别 考点一考点二典例32—Why was he late for school yesterday?
—He overslept. By the time he got to the bus stop, the bus already . ?
A.was; leaving B.has; left
C.would; leave D.had; left
解析:根据时间状语从句“By the time he got to the bus stop...” 可知, 表示事情发生在“过去的过去”, 因此主句要用过去完成时态。
答案:D考点一考点二考点一考点二
