第十讲 动词的语态
考题自测体验
1.(2019天津)The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge in 2018.We are proud of it.?
A.is completed B.is completing
C.was completed D.completes
答案:C
解析:根据2018可知用一般过去时, 且Bridge与complete之间为动宾关系, 故选C项。
2.(2019湖南益阳)A lot of trees every spring in Yiyang city.?
A.plant B.is planted
C.are planted
答案:C
解析:由every spring可知此处应用一般现在时, 且trees和plant之间为动宾关系,故选C项。
3.(2018天津)Dr Bethune still in both China and Canada today. ?
A.is; remembered B.is; remembering
C.will; remember D.has; remembered
答案:A
解析:句意: 今天白求恩医生依然被中国和加拿大两国人民所记得。由时间状语today可知应用一般现在时, 且Dr Bethune与remember之间为动宾关系。故选A项。
4.(2018重庆)—Who’s the little girl in the photo, Laura?
—It’s me. This photo when I was five. ?
A.is taken B.takes
C.was taken D.took
答案:C
解析:句意: ——劳拉, 照片中的那个小女孩是谁啊? ——是我。那张照片是我五岁时照的。照片是被拍摄, 应用被动语态, 由时间状语when I was five可知, 应用一般过去时, 故选C项。
5.(2018江苏盐城)A lot of new roads in order to develop the villages in the next five years. ?
A.built B.were built
C.build D.will be built
答案:D
解析:由时间状语in the next five years可知是将来的时间, 且道路应当被修建, 故应用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D项。
6.(2017河北) Hangzhou as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there. ?
A.knows B.is known
C.was known D.will be known
答案:B
解析:由句意可知“杭州作为丝绸城市而闻名”, 所以是杭州被知道, 为被动。而此情况又是一种客观事实, 故用一般现在时的被动语态。故答案为B项。
7.(2017江苏苏州)—Why hasn’t Tony come?
—The invitation letter to Toby by accident. ?
A.was emailed B.has emailed
C.is emailed D.emailed
答案:A
解析:句意: ——为什么托尼还没有来? ——邀请函被意外地发给托比了。结合上下文可知动作发生在过去, 用一般过去时, 主语The invitation letter 是email的承受者, 故用一般过去时的被动语态, 故答案是A项。
8.(2017北京)The mobile phone in 1973.?
A.invents B.is invented
C.invented D.was invented
答案:D
解析:句意: 电话是在1973年被发明的。结合上下文可知动作发生在过去, 用一般过去时, 主语The mobile phone与invent之间是被动关系, 故用一般过去时的被动语态。故答案:是D项。
9.(2017天津)Let’s wait and see whether books by the Internet in the future. ?
A.replace B.replaced
C.will be replaced D.were replaced
答案:C
解析:句意: 让我们等着看看书籍在未来能否被网络取代。books与replace为被动关系, 故选C项。
10.(2017湖北黄石) The old building down to make room for the city library a year ago. ?
A.was taking B.is taken
C.was taken D.would taken
答案:C
解析:句意: 一年前, 那栋旧楼被推倒以便为城市图书馆腾出空间。根据时间状语a year ago可知, 动作发生在过去, 用一般过去时; 主语“楼房”与谓语动词“推倒”之间是被动关系, 故用一般过去时的被动语态, 故选C项。
11.(2017湖北随州)—Your bedroom is so clean.
—Of course. It every day. ?
A.cleans B.cleaned
C.is cleaned D.was cleaned
答案:C
解析:句意: ——你的卧室如此干净。——当然, 它每天被打扫。根据时间状语every day可知, 动作是习惯性的, 应用一般现在时; 主语“卧室”与谓语动词“清扫”之间是被动关系, 故用一般现在时态的被动语态, 故选C项。
12.(2017江西)A baby’s first month birthday is a special event in China and with a special party. ?
A.is celebrated B.is celebrating
C.was celebrated D.celebrates
答案:A
解析:句意: ——孩子的满月生日在中国是一件特殊的事, 而且会用一种特殊的宴会来庆祝。根据上下文可知, 动作是习惯的状态, 应用一般现在时; 主语“孩子的满月生辰”与谓语动词“庆祝”之间是被动关系, 故用一般现在时态的被动语态, 故选A项。
13.(2017安徽) Mr. Green to sing an English song at the party and he sang well. ?
A.was invited B.invited
C.is invited D.invites
答案:A
解析:句意: 格林先生被邀请在聚会上唱了一首英文歌而且他唱得很好。由句意可知, 格林先生是被邀请, 应用被动语态; 根据下文he sang well可知, 是过去时态, 故选A项。
14.(2017山东青岛)Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they to drive a car. ?
A.are allowed B.allowed
C.will be allowed D.allow
答案:A
解析:句意: 在青少年被允许开车前, 他们必须年满18岁。sb.be allowed to do sth.意为“某人被允许做某事”。
15.(2017山东临沂) They have collected more than 14, 000 books since the library last month. ?
A.built B.was built
C.builds D.is built
答案:B
解析:句意: 自从图书馆上个月被建成以来, 他们已经收集了一万四千多本书。由句意可知, 图书馆与建造之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态; 由since引导的时间状语从句应用过去时, 故选B项。
课件31张PPT。第十讲 动词的语态考点一考点二考点三考点四语态有两种: 主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态, 当主语是动作的承受者时用被动语态。如:
Many people speak English. (主语many people是动作speak的执行者)
English is spoken by many people. (主语English是动作speak的承受者)考点一考点二考点三考点四各种时态的被动语态
被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成, 助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四典例1Now smartphones in many ways in our daily life. ?
A.are used B.is used
C.are using D.is using
解析:由主语smartphones与use之间存在动宾关系可知用被动语态; 再由主语是复数可知答案为A项。
答案:A考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四2.It is reported that Damiao Culture Square in Taian next year. ?
A.will be built B.were built
C.have built D.will build
答案:A
解析:主语Damiao Culture Square和谓语动词build是被动关系, 故该题应用被动语态; 又因为next year“明年”是一般将来时的时间状语标志, 故选A项。考点一考点二考点三考点四3.—It’s difficult to get to the other side of the river.
—I think a bridge over the river. ?
A.should be built B.should build
C.will build D.has built
答案:A
解析:根据主语a bridge与build之间存在被动关系可知用被动语态。故选A项。
4.People who to the party are very excited. ?
A.have invited B.has been invited
C.will invite D.have been invited
答案:D
解析:根据句意“已经被邀请去参加聚会的人非常激动。”可以判断需用现在完成时的被动语态。A项和C项为主动语态, 故排除; 而B项中, has和主语people不能搭配。故选 D项。考点二考点三考点四考点一主动语态变被动语态
1.变换结构图 考点二考点三考点四考点一2.变换步骤
第一步, 先确定主动句的主语、谓语、宾语, 找出其中的谓语动词;
第二步, 把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语, 若宾语是人称代词时, 应把宾格变为主格;
第三步, 把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”, 但时态不能改变;
第四步, 把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略), 若主语是人称代词时, 应把主格变为宾格。
规律总结主动语态变为被动语态, 时态要保持一致, 句式要保持一致, 被动结构的主语与谓语要保持人称和数的一致。考点二考点三考点四考点一3.几种特殊形式
(1)主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等词后跟省略to的动词不定式, 变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号to。如:
We saw an alien get out of the UFO.
→An alien was seen to get out of the UFO. ?
规律总结后接动词-ing形式做宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时, 宾语补足语变为主语补足语, 但形式不变。
对比: We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room.
→Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room. ?考点二考点三考点四考点一(2)谓语动词后接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)时
①把间接宾语变为主语, 直接宾语不变。如:
He gave me a new book. ?
↓ ↓
间接宾语 直接宾语
→I was given a new book by him. ?
②把直接宾语变为主语, 间接宾语前通常加介词to或for。加to的动词有: give, bring, pass, lend, read, write, teach, show等; 加for的动词有: buy, sing, choose, make, leave, mend等。如:
He gave me a new book. ?
↓ ↓
间接宾语 直接宾语
→A new book was given to me by him. ?考点二考点三考点四考点一(3)句中谓语是动词词组时, 变为被动语态时要注意其完整性。如:
Jack turned on the TV just now. ?
→The TV was turned on by Jack just now. ?
(4)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时, 只需把宾语变为被动语态的主语, 而宾语补足语仍保留在原处, 做主语补足语。如:
Our teacher told us to clean the classroom at once.
→We were told to clean the classroom at once by our teacher. 考点二考点三考点四考点一(5)表示“据说……”“听说……”或“相信”这种意思时, 常用People say... 或They believe... 等句型。这种句子变为被动语态时, 常用 It is said that...“据说……”等。
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that... 大家相信……
It is well known that... 众所周知……
It is thought that... 大家认为……
(6)动词不定式的被动语态
动词不定式的被动语态为: to be+过去分词
The radio says a zoo is to be built in our city.
收音机上说(广播说)在我们市将建—个动物园。考点二考点三考点四考点一典例2Though the earthquake destroyed many houses, people didn’t lose hope. (改为被动语态)
Though many houses by the earthquake, people didn’t lose hope. ?
解析:由主动句的时态为一般过去时, 且主语是many houses可知be动词用were。
答案:were destroyed考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一被动语态的几种特殊形式
1.feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。
如:
The dishes smell so delicious. 菜闻起来真香。
Your idea sounds better. 你的主意听起来更好。
2.有些动词如sell, cut, drive, write, open, lock等作为不及物动词时可以用主动语态表示被动含义。
如:
Books of Harry Potter sell well.
《哈利·波特》系列的书很畅销。
My pen writes smoothly. 我的钢笔写起字来很流畅。考点二考点三考点四考点一3.sth.need/want/require doing相当于sth.need/want/require to be done(不定式的被动结构)。
如:
Your room needs cleaning. =Your room needs to be cleaned.
你的房间需要打扫了。
4.be worth doing(值得做)中的doing表示被动含义。
如:
The movie is worth watching by everyone.
这部电影值得所有人看一看。
典例3The novel is great. It’s well worth . ?
A.read B.reads
C.reading D.of reading
解析:be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”。此结构主动表被动。
答案:C考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一被动语态与系表结构的区别
“be+p.p.”表示动作时是被动语态; “be+p.p. ”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。
1.含有“by+宾语”结构强调动作执行者, 此时为被动语态。
The window is broken. 窗户坏了。(系表结构)
The window is broken by me.
窗户是我打破的。(被动语态)
2.句中有地点、频率或时间状语时, 一般是被动语态。
The door was closed. 门是关着的。(系表结构)
The door was closed at 9:00.
九点钟关的门。(被动语态)考点二考点三考点四考点一3.系表结构中常用介词搭配, 被动语态中没有介词搭配。
We’re worried about the boy.
我们担心那个男孩。
4.系表结构的过去分词可以被副词修饰。
I’m really surprised at the news.
我对这个消息真的感到惊讶。
5.系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时, 而被动语态可用于多种时态。
