2020年中考英语核心语法突破(一)名词(42张)

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名称 2020年中考英语核心语法突破(一)名词(42张)
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更新时间 2020-03-29 00:00:00

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(共42张PPT)
核心语法突破:名词

01.
聚焦中考真题
02.
03.
目录
CONTENTS

用法归纳整理
模拟与预测
聚焦中考真题
1. [2019·安徽] You can see the _______ in our faces when we talk about the achievement in the past 70 years.
A. doubt B. pride C. regret D. ability
B
聚焦中考真题
2. [2019·福建] —What should we do for the camping trip?
— We’d better make a ______of things like foods, drinks, medicine and so on.
A. list B. card C. report
A
聚焦中考真题
3. [2019·河北] I like this song. It’s by one of my favorite____.
A. singers B. dancers
C. painters D. writers
A
聚焦中考真题
4. [2019·武汉] —Dad, what is the loudspeaker saying?
—It is to the______. The flight to Wuhan is boarding now.
A. customers B. passengers
C. members D. tourists
B
聚焦中考真题
5. [2019·南京] —Tomorrow is Mum’s birthday. Let’s buy some flowers for her.
—OK, I know she likes ______best.
A. dresses B. rings
C. handbags D. roses
D
聚焦中考真题
6. [2019·江西] My daughter helps me cook but she isn’t old enough to be left alone in the _____.
A. bedroom B. classroom
C. lab D. kitchen
D
7. [2019·青岛] — Lucy, how about going to the _____?
—Sounds great! Reading books can give us much pleasure.
A. library B. cinema
C. museum D. concert
A
聚焦中考真题
8. [2019·天津] The _____of this activity is to raise money for a new hospital.
A. silence B. purpose
C. culture D. language
聚焦中考真题
B
聚焦中考真题
9. [2019·重庆A] One ______of the book is missing, so I can’t learn the whole story.
A. copy B. page
C. writer D. reader
B
聚焦中考真题
10. [2019·山西] To keep our city beautiful, the ______ are always very busy in the streets. We shouldn’t throw rubbish everywhere.
A. policemen B. cleaners
C. drivers
B
用法归纳整理
考点一 名词辨析
一、名词分类:
名词即表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词,它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
用法归纳整理
二、名词变复数引起的词义辨析
paper本义是“纸”, papers变义为“试卷”
look本义是“看”,looks 变义为“容貌·
good本义是“好处”,goods变义“货物”
用法归纳整理
blue 本义是“蓝色”, blues 变义为“忧郁,沮丧”
work本义是“工作”,works变义为“著作”。
water本义是“水”,waters变义为“水域”。
用法归纳整理
三、名词转化为动词的词义辨析
corner本是n.“角落”,转为v.“使.··走投无路”
top本是n..“顶部”,转为“达到顶端”
nose本是n.“鼻子”,转为v“用鼻子拱
用法归纳整理
fish 本是n.“鱼”,转为v.“摸找”
cup本是n.“杯子”,转为v.“使(手)窝成杯状”
head本是n.“头”,此处转为v.“位于排行之首”。
用法归纳整理
四、常用近义词辨析
1. family,house与 home
单词 意义 例句
family 指“家,家庭”,可强调家庭中的全体成员,不指住房 My family are very friendly.我的家人都很友好。
house 有“住宅,家”之意,强调房屋和居住点 They lived in a small house.他们住在一个小房子里。
home 作“家”讲时,指人们生活、居住的地方,强调居住的范围和环境 He left home for Beijing.他离开家去北京了。
用法归纳整理
2. job 与 work
单词 意义 例句
job 可数名词,指一项具体的工作,多指“零工”或“短工” Selling newspapers is his part-job.
work 不可数名词,指“工作,劳动” 他失业了。 He has been out of work.
用法归纳整理
3.problem与 question
单词 意义 例句
problem 一般来说,problem总是与“困 难”相联系,它可以指社会问题、教学问题,这种“问题”是“有待解决的”,常与之搭配的 严重的问题需要动词是 solve 。 They still have someserious problems tosolve.
question 总是与“疑问,质问,询问”相联,这种“问题”是“有待回答的”,常与动词 ask,answer 等连用 He asked me somequestions.
用法归纳整理
4.voice,noise 与 sound
单词 意义 例句
voice 指人的嗓音 I recognized her voice at once.
noise 吵闹声,不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声 Don't make so much noise.
sound 指人所听到的自然界的任何声音 I heard a strange sound from the empty room.
用法归纳整理
5.cause,reason 与 excuse
单词 意义 例句
cause 造成一种事实或现象的“原因、起因”后接介词 of The police are looking into the cause of the accident.
reason 说明一种看法或行为的“理由”后接介词for You must tell him the reason for wanting to change your job.
excuse (尤指不完全真实)借口,托词 Late again! What's your excuse for it this time?
用法归纳整理
6.journey trip与travel
单词 意义 例句
journey 适用范围很广,可指海、陆、空的旅行,常指距离较远的旅行,强调往返性 It's a long journey from here to HongKong.
trip 指短时间、短距离的旅强调往返性,可互换使用 How was your school trip to the ZOO last weekend?
travel 泛指旅游,不侧重往返性,可以是单程旅行 Many people are fond of travel.
用法归纳整理
考点二 名词的数和格


名词复数形式构成的部分规则如下:
情况 构成方法
一般情况 加-s cake—cakes
以-s,-x,-sh,-ch 等结尾的词 加-es bus—buses
一、名词的数
(一)可数名词的复数形式
用法归纳整理
以辅音字母加-y 结尾的词 变y为i,再加-es baby-babies
以元音字母加-y 结尾的词 加-s toy-toys
以f(fe)结尾的词 变f(fe)为 ves leaf—leaves
以-ce,-se,-ze,-(d)ge 等结尾的词 加-s face—faces
不规则变化

改变单数名词中的元音字母 man—men
单复数形式相同 sheep—sheep
其他形式 mouse—mice
用法归纳整理
2.某国人变复数
(1)中国人 Chinese一Chinese

(2)英国人 Englishman一Englishmen

(3)阿拉伯人 Arab一Arabs

可用口诀记忆这一点,即中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。
用法归纳整理
3.以-0结尾的名词,有些在词尾加-es,它们是“黑人英雄爱吃西红柿土豆”。如:
Negro>Negroes hero→>heroes

tomato→tomatoes potato>potatoes

而其他一般在词尾加-s。如:zoo—zoos radio-

→>radios
用法归纳整理
4.复合名词前面的名词是man 或woman,变复数时,构成复合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形式;如果是其他词,变复数时,只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。如:
man teacher—men teachers boy student—>boy students
5.字母、数字、引语或缩略词语的复数形式是在其后加-'s或-s。如:
There are two f's in the word“office”.

单词 office 里有两个f。
用法归纳整理
6.有些以-f结尾的词直接加-s变成复数。如
belief一beliefs 信仰
7.一些名词加-s后,读音会发生变化。如:
bath/ba:θ/一baths/ba:z/洗浴
用法归纳整理
(二)不可数名词的数量表达
表示方法:不可数名词需要计量时,用"数词或冠词+计量名

词+of+不可数名词”这样的结构来表示,计量名词可以是单数

也可以是复数,
a piece of paper 一张纸

a drop of water 一滴水

two cups of tea 两杯茶
用法归纳整理
二、名词所有格
1.名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示形式:一种是’所有格,另一种是of所有格。如:
Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都。
2.用and 连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系,这时只在最后一个名词后加-’s。如:
This is Mary and her sister’s bedroom.这是玛丽和她姐姐的卧室。
3.用and连接两个并列名词,表示分别拥有各自的物品时,两个名词都在词尾加-'s表示所有关系。如:
These are Tom’s and Mary's bags.这些是汤姆和玛丽的包。
用法归纳整理
4.of所有格常用来表示无生命的东西。如: the door of the room 房间的门
5.双重所有格有两种形式:①of+名词所有格;②of+名词性物主代词。如:
He is a friend of my brother's.他是我哥哥的一个朋友。
Is she a daughter of yours?她是你的女儿吗?
6.表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时,常在名词后加上-'s代表全称。如: at the doctor's 在诊所
用法归纳整理
7.一些具有名词性质的复合不定代词,如someone,everybody 等和else 连用时,'s应加在else后。如
somebody else's pencil 别人的铅笔
8.表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以在词尾加-'s或-来构成所有格。如:
(1)用于时间 two weeks’time 两个星期的时间
(2)用于度量 thirteen tons’weight 13 吨的重量
用法归纳整理
(3)用于价值 a hundred yuan's order一百元的订货单
(4)用于天体 the earth’s satellite 地球卫星
(5)用于国家 Belgium’s capital 比利时的首都
(6)用于城市 Changchun's agriculture长春的农业
模拟与预测
1.—Wow,so many beautiful cars!

I don't know which one to buy.

—Anyway,you have to make a________.

A.conclusion B.connection

C.decision D.presentation
C
模拟与预测
2.The TV show Letters Alive brings back

people's___________of writing to each other. A.ideas B.hobbies C.styles D.memories


D
模拟与预测
3.—John do you like online games? —No.I never play online games.I think it's a waste of time and________. A.enemy B.energy C.emperor D.equator



B
模拟与预测
4.Jane doesn't like to eat__________.She likes

fruit and vegetables. A.pear B.meat C.water D.potato


B
模拟与预测
5.—Do you know China's famous scientist Pan Jianwei? —You mean“the father of quantum”(量子之父) —Yes,he is __________the of our country.
A. pride B.prize C.proud D.heart

A
模拟与预测
6. We should make every e_________ to protect the wild animals.
effort
7.Test the h_________ of the water before getting in.
heat
8. I'm in a_________ with my parents on the issue.
agreement
模拟与预测
9.The little kid prefers to have soup with a s_______.
10.Yuan Longping and Yang Liwei are great

national h________ of China.
spoon
heroes
模拟与预测
shy important choose something danger
11. Billy is __________, clever and hard?working. 12. Ricky had no __________ but to leave the company. 13. It works well. So there is __________ wrong with your iPad. 14. More and more people are getting to know the ___________ of protecting our environment.
15. Don't go swimming in deep rivers. It is __________.
shy
choice
nothing
importance
dangerous