课件21张PPT。【微课】中考英语专项复习之语法主讲： Andy Subject-Verb Agreement
主谓一致Lead in I am Tom. He is Jerry. We are good friends I always play tricks on him,but he never minds.I love him and he loves me.
We live happlily togetherFocus on主谓一致主语的人称（1/2/3）
数（单/复） 谓语单复数语法一致原则意义一致原则就近一致原则语法一致Practice 1 指主语和谓语在人称（1,2,3）和数（单复数）上要一致。即主语是单数就用单数谓语，主语是复数就用复数谓语。语法一致 1). Tom (be) a good student. 2). They (be)playling football on the playground. 3). The water in the river (be) polluted seriously. 4). To get up early (be)good for our health. 5). Reading aloud (be)helpful to learn English. 6). What he said (have)been recorded. ? Practice 11.单数名词/不可数名词/非谓语动词（to do 或doing）
或从句做主语用单数谓语。isareisisishas语法一致Practice 1 2.并列结构A and B, Both A and B,the A and the B
等做主语,谓语动词用复数。1). My mother and my father (be)all workers.
2). Both he and I (be) right.
3). The teacher and the writer (have)lived here for 3
years.
4). The teacher and writer (have)lived here for 3 years.arehavearehas语法一致Practice 13.不定代词either /each/every/no+单数名词和someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody anything ,no one ,nobody ,nothing等复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 1). Each student ____ (have)got an English- Chinese dictionary.
2). ____ (be) there anything wrong with your bike?
3). How ____ (be) everything going?ishasIs 语法一致Practice 1 4.either/neither/none +of+名词复数作主语时，
谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数。1). Either of my friends __________ (be) worried about me
yesterday.
2). Neither of them ________ (have)locked the door.has/havewas/were语法一致Practice 1 5.主语后接由with, along with, together with, as well as（和）, including（包括）, besides, except, but（除了）等介词连接的名词或代词时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式而定（就远一致）。1). Mr.Green with two daughters ____ (be) coming to Beijing.
2). Tom as well as Jack________ (want) to play football.
3). All the boys but John________ (know) the truth.iswantsknow语法一致Practice 16.定语从句中关系代词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数 应该和先行词的单复数一致。1). He is one of my friends who ____(be)from China.
2).He is the only one of my friends who ____(be) from China.
3).The book that____ (be) written by him has been sold out.
4).The books that ____ (be) written by him have been sold out.
?areiswerewas意义一致Practice 2 指从意义角度来解决主谓一致的问题。即主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数,谓语动词就用复数形式;而有时主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那么谓语就用单数形式。意义一致Practice 21.表示金钱,价格,时间,长度,重量等复数名词或词组作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。1). Three years_____ (be) a long time.
2). 2000 dollars _____ (be) a large sum of money for him.
?isis意义一致Practice 22.形式为复数而意义上却为单数的名词，如news,physics,maths,the United States等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。1). The United States _________ ( face)
a big challenge from COVID-19 outbreak.
2). Physics_____ (be) very hard to understand.
?is facingis意义一致Practice 23.集体名词 people, police, cattle作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
集体名词family,team,class,group等作主语，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数,
若指强调个体，谓语用复数。1).There _______ (be) many people in the hall.
2). The police_______ (be) helping a girl look for her mother.
3).My family _______ (be) a small one with three people .
4). My family _______ (be) watching TV now. areareisare意义一致Practice 24.The +形容词/分词表示一类人时谓语动词用复数形式。1). The rich ____ (be)ready to help the poor.
2). The disabled ______ (be not)taken good care of in the past .
?5.表示成双成对的名词,如:trousers, shoes, socks, gloves,shorts, glasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复数.
但当这类名词前有a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词应和a pair of一致,用单数.1). Her glasses _____ (be) new.
2). This pair of trousers_____ (be) made in Hangzhou.weren’tarearewas意义一致Practice 26.分数、百分数、a lot of, lots of, most of, all of, some of, plenty of ,the rest of等数量短语……+名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于名词。1). Two thirds of the surface of the earth ______ (be) covered
with water.
2). Two -thirds of the students in our class ______ (be) boys.
3). A lot of money in the shop ______ (be) stolen yesterday.
4). A lot of students ______ (be) from England in the school.?isarewasare就近一致Practice 3指谓语动词的形式与靠近它的名词或代词一致。就近一致Practice 31.当主语由:either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …等连接时，谓语动词和最近的主语单复数一致。1). Not only my parents but also I _____ (be) looking forward to
meeting my uncle.
2). Either I or they _____ (be) responsible for the result of the
matter.
3). Neither his father nor he _____ (know) anything about it. ?knows aream就近一致Practice 32.There be句型中，be动词要与最近的主语在数上保持一致。判断下面四个句子哪两个是对的？1). There are a table and three chairs in Tom's room.
2). There is a table and three chairs in Tom's room.
3). There are three chairs and a table in Tom's room.
4). There is three chairs and a table in Tom's room.
?Practice 4无论是部分倒装还是全部倒装，谓语动词的单复数都要和主语保持一致。1). Here _____ ( come) the bus.
2). There _____( go) the bell.
3). I am a student . So _____( be) he.
4). I don’t like eating junk food. Neither _____( do) my brother.
?倒装句comesgoesisdoessummary语法一致
意义一致
就近一致
倒装句Thank you! 中考英语复习专项之语法 主谓一致专练
练习A：
. — Why are you in such a hurry, Mike?
— There______ an NBA basketball game in ten minutes.
A. will have B. will be C. is going to have D. are going to be
2. The news ______very interesting! Tell me more!
A. is B. are C. were D. was
3. There______ some milk, two eggs and a few cakes on the table.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
4. Good news! There_____ fewer people catching this kind of illness now．
A. are B．is C．was D. were
5. — Which would you like, tea or coffee?
— Either______OK. But I prefer coffee ______ milk.
A. is; has B. are; with C. is; with D. are; has
6. There _______a wonderful movie on show this weekend. Would you like to go with me?
A. is going to have B. is going to be C. is going to has
7. — Hello, Sandy. This is Jack. What are you doing?
— I’m watching a match. It started at 7 p.m. and _____ on for another half an hour.
A. has been B. was C. had been D. will be
8. The tall man over there is our new English teacher, _________?
A. is he B. is there C. isn’t he D. isn’t there
9. Climbing hills ______ of great help to our health.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
10. Tom______ Happy Boys when his father came back from work.
A. is watching B. was watching C. are watching D. were watching
11. There isn't any water in the bottle, ?
A. is it B. is there C. isn't it D. isn't there
12. He didn’t go there yesterday, _______he?
A. did B. does C. didn’t D. doesn’t
13. —Physics _____ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so?
—Yes, I think so.
A. is B. are C. has
14. There an English party in our school tomorrow evening.
A. have B. will have C. is going to have D. will be
15. I usually carry a camera on my trips; taking pictures a good way for me to remember the experience.
A. to be B. is C. being D. are
16. — You come from England, don't you?
— . How do you know that?
A. No, I do B. No, I don't
C. Yes, I am D. Yes, I do
17. One of my friends _______ moved to America. I miss her so much.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
18. The girl with two cats ______ in the yard when the earthquake happened.
A. was playing B. is playing C. are playing D. were playing
19. If you want to go to see the movie this evening, so_______ I.
A. do B. am C. will D. should
20. There are millions of websites on the Internet and there _______ a lot of useful
_______on the websites.
A. are; informations B. are; information C. is; informations D. is; information
练习B：
1. Tom and I ______ middle school students. We like school life very much.
A. is B. am C. are D. was
2. There ______ some people taking a walk in the park.
A. be B. are C. is D. being
3. Look! There _____ some children playing on the playground.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
4. — What can you see in the picture?
— I can see a farm. And there ______ a lot of animals on it.
A. is B. are C. be D. am
5. — There ______ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?
— All right, Mum.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
6. There _____ many kinds of trees and flowers in the forest.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
7. — My friends and I _______ going to the Science Museum. Would you like to join us, Daming?
— That’s a good idea!
A. be B. am C. is D. are
8. The students will go to the Great Wall if it _______ fine tomorrow.
A. is B. was C. be D. will be
9. There ____ a talk show on CCTV-4 at eight last night.
A. is B. was C. will be D. are
10. There ______ some old people taking a walk in the park every morning.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
11. There _____ many flowers in our school yard. They look very nice.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
12. Our classroom _______ very big and clean. We enjoy studying there.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
13. These books______very interesting. Many children like reading them.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
14. — The book ____________ very interesting. Tell me more about it.
— OK.
A. are B. is C. am D. be
15. Mike and I _______ net-friends. We talk online every week.
A. am B. was C. are D. is
16. Lucy and Lily ______ sisters. They study at the same school.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
17. Lucy and Betty______ good friends and they often help each other.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
18. The good news ________ that you are going to travel in Hong Kong.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
19. There _______ a pen on the floor. Whose is it?
A. am B. is C. are D. be
A组答案：
1.答案：B
思路分析：本题考查的是“There be句型”和邻近一致原则。由于“There be 句型”后面接的句子是将来时态，故只能用there will be，故选择B。
2.答案：A
思路分析：本题考查的是语法一致的原则。主语“the news（新闻）”是不可数名词，其谓语动词用单数形式，又根据句意“这则新闻很有意思，多告诉我一些吧。”可判断用一般现在时，故选择A。
3. 答案：A
思路分析：本题考查的是邻近一致的原则。在“There be句型”中，谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的主语一致，“some milk”为不可数名词，be动词用is，故选择A。
4. 答案：A
思路分析：本题考查的是邻近一致的原则。在“There be句型”中，谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的主语一致，be动词后面的名词people为复数，故选择A。
5.答案：C
思路分析：本题考查的是语法一致的原则。“either”表示两者之一，故谓语动词用单数形式；第二个空考查了“with”表示“带有”的用法，故选择C。
6.答案：B
思路分析：本题考查的是“There be句型”。“There be句型”的一般将来时为“there will be” 或“there is going to be”, 故选择B。
7.答案：D
思路分析：本题考查的是be动词一般将来时的用法。由答语的意思“我正在看比赛，这场比赛是7点钟开始的，且还要再进行半小时”，可判断为一般将来时，用will be,故选择D。
8. 答案：C
思路分析：本题考查的是反意疑问句和语法一致的原则。句中的“over there（在那边）”为固定短语，主语是“The tall man”，谓语动词是is , 故选择C。
9.答案：C
思路分析：本题考查的是语法一致的原则。动名词作主语相当于第三人称单数形式，谓语动词要用单数形式，故选择C。
10.答案：B
思路分析：本题考查的是语法一致的原则。从句是一般过去时，主句也要用相应的过去时态。主语Tom是第三人称单数，be动词要用was，故选择B。
11. 答案：B
思路分析：本题考查的是“There be 句型”的反意疑问句的用法。根据“前否后肯”原则，故选择B。
12. 答案：A
思路分析：本题考查的是反意疑问句的用法，根据“前否后肯”原则，前面是didn’t，后面则应为did, 故选择A。
13. 答案：A
思路分析：本题考查的是语法一致的原则。physics作主语相当于第三人称单数形式，谓语动词要用单数形式，故选择A。
14. 答案：D
思路分析：本题考查的是“There be句型”的用法。“There be句型”的一般将来时用“there will be”或“there is going to be”,句意为“明晚将在我们学校开一个英语晚会”，故选择D。
15. 答案：B
思路分析：本题考查的是语法一致的原则。动名词作主语相当于第三人称单数形式，谓语动词要用单数形式，根据句意“照相对我来说是记住经历的好方式。”故选择B。
16. 答案：D
思路分析：本题考查的是反意疑问句和语法一致的原则。根据句意“—你来自英国，对吗？—是的，你怎么知道的？”，故选择D。
17.答案：A
思路分析：本题考查的是语法一致的原则。One作主语相当于第三人称单数形式，故谓语动词要用单数形式，因本句考查的是一般现在时，根据句意“我的一个朋友已经搬到了美国，我太想她了。”故选择A。
18. 答案：A
思路分析：本题考查的是语法一致的原则。主语部分包含with, 而主语the girl又是单数形式，故谓语动词用单数形式，又因为从句用的是过去时，主句也用过去时，故选择A。
19. 思路分析：if引导的从句用一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时（主将从现），故选择C。
20. 答案：D
思路分析：本题考查的是“There be句型”及邻近一致原则。information（信息）是不可数名词，其后不能加s，其谓语动词用单数形式，故选择D。
B组答案：
1. C。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。主语“Tom and I”是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式are，故选择C。
2. B。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。在“There be句型”中，be动词后面的名词“some people”为可数名词复数形式，be动词用are，故选择B。
3. B。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。在“There be句型”中，be动词后面的名词“some children”为可数名词复数形式，be动词用are，故选择B。
4. B。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。在“There be句型“中，be动词后面的名词“a lot of animals”为可数名词复数形式，be动词用are，故选择B。
5. A。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。在“There be句型”中，be动词后面的名词“milk”为不可数名词，be动词用is，故选择A。
6. B。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。在“There be句型”中，be动词后面的名词“trees and flowers”为可数名词复数形式，be动词用are, 故选择B。
7. D。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。主语“My friends and I”指的是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式，故选择D。
8. A。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。由于if（如果）引导的是从句，主句常为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，从句的主语it为第三人称单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式，故选择A。
9. B。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。由于“There be句型”中的名词为“a talks show”，故be动词用单数形式，又由“last night（昨晚）”判断用一般过去时，故选择B。
10. C。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。在“There be句型”中，be动词后的名词“some old people”是可数名词复数形式，be动词用are，故选择C。
11. B。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。“There be句型”中be动词后面的名词“flowers”为可数名词复数形式，由后面句子的动词“look”可知是一般现在时，be动词用are, 故选择B。
12. B。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。主语“Our classroom”是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式，be动词用is，故选择B。
13. C。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。主语“these books”是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式，be动词用are，故选择C。
14. B。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。主语“the book”是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式，be动词用is，故选择B。
15. C。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。主语“Mike and I”指的是两个人，为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式，be动词用are， 故选择C。
16.C。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。主语“Lucy and Lily”指的是两个人，为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式，be动词用are， 故选择C。
17. C。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。主语“Lucy and Betty”指的是两个人，为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式，be动词用are，故选择C。
18. A。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。主语“the good news”是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，be动词用is， 故选择A。
19. B。本题考查的是语法一致的原则。在“There be句型”中，be动词后面的名词“a pen”为可数名词单数形式，be动词用is, 故选择B。
【预习任务】
什么是主谓一致？
主谓一致的原则有哪些？
请举例说明语法一致原则。
请举例说明意义一致原则。
请举例说明语法一致原则。
请举例说明就近一致原则。
请举例说明倒装句中主谓一致的用法。
【知识导图】
【要点讲义】 主谓一致
指主语和谓语在人称（1,2,3）和数（单复数）上要一致。
一．语法一致原则
一般来说主语是单数就用单数谓语，主语是复数就用复数谓语。
1.单数名词/不可数名词/非谓语动词（to do 或doing）或从句做主语用单数谓语
复数主语用复数谓语
1) Tom (be) a good student. 2) They (be)playling football on the playground.
3)The water in the river (be) polluted seriously.
4)To get up early (be)good for our health.
5)Reading aloud (be)helpful to learn English.
6)What he said (have)been recorded.
2、并列结构A and B, Both A and B,The A and the B做主语谓语动词用复数。
1）My mother and my father (be)all workers.
2）Both he and I (be) right.
3）The teacher and the writer (have)lived here for 3 years.
4）The teacher and writer (have)lived here for 3 years.
3.不定代词either /each/every/no+单数名词和someone, somebody something anyone, anybody anything no one ,nobody nothing等复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数.
1）Each student ____ (have)got an English- Chinese dictionary.
2） ____ (be) there anything wrong with your bike?
3）Everyone ____ (get) ready for the sports meeting.
4、either/neither/none +of+名词复数 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数.
1）Either of my friends ____(be) worried about me yesterday.
2）Neither of them____(have)locked the door.
5、主语后接由with, along with, together with, as well as（和）, including（包括）, besides, except, but（除了）等介词连接的名词时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式而定.
1）Mr.Green with two daughters ____ (be) coming to Beijing.
2）Tom as well as Jack____ (want) to play football.
3）All the boys but John____ (know) the truth.
6.定语从句中的主谓一致
定语从句中关系代词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数应该和先行词的单复数一致。
1）He is one of my friends who ____(be)from China.
2）He is the only one of my friends who ____(be) from China.
3）The book that____(be) written by him has been sold out.
4）The books that____(be) written by him have been sold out.
意义一致原则：
指从意义角度来解决主谓一致问题。即主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数,谓语动词就用复数形式;而有时主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那么谓语就用单数形式。
表示金钱,价格,时间,长度,重量等复数名词或词组作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
1）Three years______(be) a long time.
2）2000 dollars ________(be) a large sum of money for him.
2.形式为复数而意义上却为单数的名词，如news,physics,maths,the United States等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
1）the United States___( face) a big challenge from
2）Physics____(be) very hard to undersand.
3集体名词 people, police, cattle作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
集体名词family,team,class,group等作主语，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数,
指强调个体，谓语用复数。
1).There____(be) many people in the hall.
2). The police_____(be) helping a girl look for her mother.
3).My family ____(be) a small one with three people. .
4). My family ____(be) watching TV now.
4.The +形容词/分词表示一类人时谓语动词用复数形式。
1）The rich____(be)ready to help the poor.
2）The disabled____(be not)taken good care of in the past .
5.表示成双成对的名词,如:trousers, shoes, socks, gloves,shorts, glasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复数.
. 如:Her glasses _________(be) new.
但当这类名词前有a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词应和a pair of一致,用单数.
如: This pair of trousers_____ ____(be) made in Hangzhou.
6、分数、百分数、a lot of, lots of, most of, all of, some of, plenty of ,the rest of等数量短语……+名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于名词。
1）Two thirds of the surface of the earth ____(be) covered with water.
2）Two -thirds of the students in our class ____(be) boys.
. 3）A lot of money in the shop____(be) stolen yesterday.
4） A lot of students ____(be) from England in the school.
就近一致原则
这一原则是指,谓语动词的形式与靠近它的名词或代词一致
1.当主语由:either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …等.
连接时，例如:
Not only my parents but also I_____ ____(be) looking forward to meeting my uncle.
Either I or they _________(be) responsible for the result of the matter.
Neither his family nor he _______(be) anything about it.
2.There be句型中，be动词要与最近的主语在数上保持一致。
判断下面四个句子哪两个是对的？
There are a table and three chairs in Tom's room.
There is a table and three chairs in Tom's room.
There are three chairs and a table in Tom's room.
There is three chairs and a table in Tom's room.
