高三专题复习：高考任务型阅读解题策略 课件（共41张ppt）

(共41张PPT)
高三英语课程
专题复习：高考任务型阅读解题策略
导语
1. 特色：语篇分析，语言综合运用(单拼，句转，语篇 表格)
2. 能力：获取信息 access information
加工处理信息 process information
综合概括信息 summarize information
3. 忠告：不要放弃，学会珍惜
知识梳理
一、考查形式

1. 图表样式
2. 图表框架的设定规律
3. 图表框架与语篇段落的关系
4. 图表设空的原则

二、解题的步骤和策略
知识梳理
一、考查形式
1. 图表的样式
(1) Table-shaped






















(2) Tree-shaped
2. 图表框架的设定规律
知识梳理




段落大意提纲

每段的细节提炼

篇章的主题
3. 图表框架与原文语篇的关系
知识梳理
(1) 图表框架布局和原文语篇段落按序对应且句式基本一致
Introduction
Point 1(Fact 1; Fact 2)
Point 2(Fact 3; Fact 4)
Conclusion




Introduction
Point 1 Fact 1; Fact 2

Point 2 Fact 3; Fact 4
Conclusion
知识梳理
(2) 图表框架对原文语篇段落重新布局但句式基本一致
Introduction
Point 1(Reason 1; Result 1)
Point 2(Reason 2; Result 2)
Conclusion





Introduction
Points Point 1; Point 2
Results Result 1; Result 2
Conclusion
Reasons Reason 1 ; Reason 2
(3) 图表和原文主题一致，但布局和句式都不一致
4. 图表设空的原则
(1) 兼顾三层次的能力考查
获取信息 access information
加工处理信息 process information
综合概括信息 summarize information
原文词 copy
转化词 change
提炼词 create/conclude
(2) 兼顾词性、词形、搭配、句式等的语法考查
知识梳理
二、解题的步骤和策略
知识梳理
1. 先表后文– 略读
(1) 浏览表格和句子，分析表格框架并预测文章大意。
The Cost of Thinking
Introduction ? Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are
two (71)_________ of human beings.
The (72)_________ of large human brains ? The larger brains may not be better because of the cost.
? The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and
consume more energy.
? The animal brain requires less (73)_________ when the body is
at rest.
? Large human brains consume more food, and weaken muscles.

The(74)_________ of walking upright ? Walking upright makes it easy to find food or (75)_________
against enemies.
? Freed hands can serve some (76)_________ purposes and
perform complex tasks.
? Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and (77)_________ the size of brains.
? Walking upright results in (78)_________ sufferings.
Conclusion ? With a large brain, human beings (79)_________ other beings in
terms of intelligence.
? Weak and marginal, human beings remained (80)_________ of
meat-eating animals.
知识梳理
2019年江苏高考
Topic
Outline
Details
disadvantages
impacts/influence(s)
(2) 积累总结一些常见的提纲归纳性词汇并注意其区别和搭配。
知识梳理
主题开头
定义解释
观点事实
目的意图
行动措施
方法途径
异同比较
优劣好坏
theme/ topic/title
definition/concept/meaning/explanation/introduction
opinion/view/idea/attitude/fact
aim/purpose/intention/goal/target
action/measure/step
way/means/method/key
solution/approach
difference/similarity/comparison
advantage/benefit/disadvantage/drawback
strength/weakness
知识梳理
问题影响
起因结果
建议意见
特色功能
重要意义
结论总结
实验研究
小说事例
problem/issue/influence/impact
reason/cause/invitation/factor
result/effect/consequence
advice/suggestion/tip
feature/characteristic/function
importance/significance/meaning
conclusion/summary
case/study/findings/participant/subject/gender/age
background/setting/plot/story/twist/climax/ending/character/example
知识梳理
2. 由表及文– 查读
(1) 根据表格框架，对照文章语篇。
(2) 带着表格句子，定位信息出处。
(3) 分析表格设空，研究词性搭配。
(4) 反复对比表文，保证逻辑一致。
The Cost of Thinking
Introduction ? Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two (71)_________ of human beings.
The (72)_________ of large human brains ? The larger brains may not be better because of the cost.
? The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy.
? The animal brain requires less (73)_________ when the body is at rest.
? Large human brains consume more food, and weaken muscles.

The(74)_________ of walking upright ? Walking upright makes it easy to find food or (75)_________ against enemies.
? Freed hands can serve some (76)_________ purposes and perform complex tasks.
? Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and (77)_________ the size of brains.
? Walking upright results in (78)_________ sufferings.
Conclusion ? With a large brain, human beings (79)_________ other beings in terms of intelligence.
? Weak and marginal, human beings remained (80)_________ of meat-eating animals.
知识梳理
2019年江苏高考
n.
n.
n.
n.
v.
adj.
v.
adj.
v.
adj.
Para.1
Para.2
Para.3
Para.3
Para.3
Para.4
Para.4
Para.5
Para.5
Para.6+Para.2
Para.6
知识梳理
① Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics. such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.
-- Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two
(71)______________ of human beings.

② In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes(类人猿）require only 8%of rest-time energy.
-- The animal brain requires less (73)_________ when the body is at rest.


characteristics
原文词: Copy
energy
原文词: Copy
2019年江苏高考
知识梳理
③ Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies. In addition, their arms that
are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
-- Walking upright makes it easy to find food or (75)_________ against
enemies.

④ In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
-- Freed hands can serve some (76)_________ purposes and perform complex
tasks.

guard
提炼词: Create
other
原文词: Copy
2019年江苏高考
知识梳理
⑤ The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull.
-- Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and (77)_________ the size of brains.

⑥ Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.
-- Walking upright results in (78)_________ sufferings.
limits
提炼词: Create
physical
提炼词: Create
2019年江苏高考
知识梳理
⑦ We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better.
We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth.
-- With a large brain, human beings (79)_________ other beings in terms of intelligence.

⑧ Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.
-- Weak and marginal, human beings remained (80)_________ of meat-eating animals.
beat
转化词: Change
fearful
afraid
转化词: Change
2019年江苏高考
2019年江苏高考任务型阅读分析
原文词： 71/73/76 3题
转换词： 79/80 2题
提炼词： 75/77/78 3题
框架词： 72/74(72题原文中有) 2题
结论：2019年的任务型阅读的图表框架布局和原文语篇段落按序对应且
句式基本一致；表格所设空的能力考查重心基本在原词和转化词
上，提炼词也是有迹可循，能根据表格逻辑判断出来。总体平和。
The Cost of Thinking
Introduction ? Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two (71)______________ of human beings.
The (72)__________ of large human brains ? The larger brains may not be better because of the cost.
? The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy.
? The animal brain requires less (73)_________ when the body is at rest.
? Large human brains consume more food, and weaken muscles.

The(74)_________ of walking upright ? Walking upright makes it easy to find food or (75)_________ against enemies.
? Freed hands can serve some (76)_________ purposes and perform complex tasks.
? Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and (77)_________ the size of brains.
? Walking upright results in (78)_________ sufferings.
Conclusion ? With a large brain, human beings (79)_________ other beings in terms of intelligence.
? Weak and marginal, human beings remained (80)_________ of meat-eating animals.
知识梳理
characteristics
disadvantages
energy
guard
impacts
other
limits
physical
beat
fearful
afraid
3. 验表复文– 复读 检验表格，恢复成文
巩固提升
分类练习
零模分析
巩固提升
一、分类练习
1. 信息转化练习
(1)词性转化
argue-- _____________ n.
benefit--_____________ adj.
change-- ____________ adj.
combine-- ___________ n.
create-- ___________/ ___________ n.
describe-- ____________ n.
enthusiasm -- ____________ adj. -- _________________adv.
except -- _____________ n.
expect-- ______________ n.
explain-- _____________ n.







argument
beneficial
changeable
creation
creativity
description
enthusiastic
enthusiastically
exception
expectation
explanation
combination
巩固提升
generous-- _____________ n.
grow--_____________ n.
guide-- ___________ n.
harmony-- ___________adj.
hesitate-- ____________ adj.
invite -- ____________ n.
offence/offense-- _____________ v.
preserve-- ______________ n.
prevent-- _____________ n.
pronounce-- ______________n.
recognize -- _____________n.
submit -- _____________ n.







generosity
growth
guidance
harmonious
hesitant
invitation
offend
preservation
prevention
pronunciation
recognition
submission
巩固提升
(2)正反转化
advantage-- _____________
difference--_____________
clear-- _______________
encourage-- _____________
export-- ___________
guilty -- ___________
hopeful-- ___________
increase -- ___________
legal-- _____________
responsible-- _____________

反义转化
disadvantage
similarity
ambiguous/vague
discourage
import
innocent
hopeless
decrease
illegal
irresponsible
巩固提升
be accepted by the university-- be _______ to the university
realize/know – be _________/ ___________ of
allow for – take … into__________/______________-- make __________ for
cancel -- _________ off
delay– put ___________
by design/intention-- ___________ -- on ___________
make use of – take ____________ of
by accident/chance -- ________________
cause sth.-- _______/ ___________ to sth.-- ________in sth.– give_______ to…
be against sth. – be _________ to sth. -- _________ sth. -- ___________ to sth.
refuse to do -- be ___________/ be ____________ to do

同义转化
admitted
aware
conscious
account
consideration
allowance(s)
call
off
deliberately
purpose
advantage
accidentally
lead
contribute
result
rise
opposed
oppose
object
reluctant
unwilling
巩固提升
(3)句式转化
① 一…就…
as soon as
on/upon doing
the instant/the minute/the moment…
directly/immediately/instantly
hardly/scarcely had sb. done when sb. did
no soon had sb. done than sb. did
巩固提升
② 是时候做某事
It is time for sb. to do sth.
The time is ripe for sb. to do sth.
It is (about/high) time (that) sb. did sth./ should do sth.
③ 虽然
Although/Though/While +句子
Despite/ In spite of+ n.
Despite/In spite of the fact that+句子
动原/表语/状语 +as +句子
巩固提升
(3)释义转化
① Kate was born in China.
--Kate’s _____________ is China.

② We are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value
for them.
--We are constantly _____________ meanings by what we do.

③ Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far
different results.
--You may redo the conversation, but you ______ achieve the same results.

birthplace
conveying
expressing
can’t
巩固提升
2. 能力分层练习
(1) 用原文词– 所见即(几乎)所得
① If you wish to remain relatively anonymous, a larger town or a big city is better suited to your personality.
-- Your __________ will influence your choice between a small town and
a big city.

② Further, primary group relationships can evolve out of secondary
group relationships.
-- Secondary groups relationships may ___________ into primary group
relationships.



personality
evolve
巩固提升
(1) 用原文词– 所见即(几乎)所得
③ People join groups to meet basic needs and feel like we belong.
-- People expect to meet basic needs than have a sense of ___________
from joining groups.

④ Easy access to good health care can increase your quality of life
greatly, so be on the lookout for towns and cities with good hospitals
and medical schools.
-- Towns and cities with good hospitals and medical schools can ensure
you good health care, __________ your quality of life to a large degree.


belonging
increasing
巩固提升
(2) 换原文词– 所见未必所得
① People refuse to live in a high-crime area.
-- People are _______________ to live in an area where crimes happen frequently.

② The quality of public schools should be factored into your finances,
too, since tuition for a private school can be extremely expensive.
-- You should make _______________ for the quality of public schools due to the high tuition for private schools.



unwilling
reluctant
allowance(s)
巩固提升
(2) 换原文词– 所见未必所得
③ Experts say infections from dirty water kill several thousand children in developing countries every day.
--Drinking dirty water _______ several thousand children their lives in developing countries every day.
-- Drinking dirty water ________ several thousand children’s lives…

④ In the next 30 years, he added, only those companies that can make
good use of Internet technologies will enjoy success.
-- In the next three decades, successful companies will have to take _____________ of Internet technologies.

costs
advantage
claims
巩固提升
(3) 炼原文意– 不见也不放弃
① With real estate in a constant state of change, it’s important to
research current home prices, the length of time homes are for sale,
the resale values of homes, and probable long-term value estimates.
-- With real estate changing constantly, you had better make an analysis
of it from different _____________.

② Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.
--No one teaching method can be devised to __________ all students at the same time.


angles
satisfy
巩固提升
(3) 炼原文意– 不见也不放弃
③ People should be further educated to realize the importance of the problem, to use modern methods of birth control and learn to recycle our natural resources. We are sure that we shall have a better and cleaned planet in the future.
--Still more __________ should be taken to solve the problems.

④ Employment opportunities vary from state to state and city to city, so
spend some time researching the job markets in different areas of the
country. Start by analyzing quality employment opportunities within
your industry, and then determine where the highest concentration of
these jobs are located.
-- You can get a job without _____________ where abundant good jobs in
your industry are located.

measures
trouble
difficulty
巩固提升
二、2020零模任阅分析
Simple Ways to Be Better at Remembering
Current situation The use of smartphones makes it difficult to process the information, so we should
do something to help (71)__________ it. v.
Ways of (72)___________ our memories v.-ing
? Repeat the tasks until you (73)_________ the information you got in mind. v.
? It’s sad that the majority (74) __________ the repetition because we assume
we’re productive. v.
? Put what you want to remember into daily life and you will remember
them (75)____________. adv.

? Go over and practice what you’ve learned at (76)_________. n.
? Be sure not to (77)_________ doing things necessary to handle. v.

? Give special (78)____________ to what you need to focus on rather than deal with
other things. n.
? Absent-minded failure may affect almost anything if you’re not (79)___________
of it. adj.
? Build on the memory with the (80)______________ of many techniques. n.
Conclusion Be aware of the situation you’re in and take targeted measure to form memories,
or you’re likely to pay the price.
Outline
Details
remember
keep/bear
neglect(s)
ignore(s)/overlook(s)
bettering
forming
strengthening
improving
longer/better
gradually
intervals
delay
postpone
attention
reminded
combination
Topic
巩固提升
2020年零模任阅分析
71. … we should do something about the information we take in to form memories.
-- we should do something to help remember it. P.1 释义转化

72. …and your memory improve. P1+P5. 提炼/原文
-- Ways of improving/bettering/forming/strengthening/enhancing our memories.

73. …the repetition of tasks…for transforming short-term memories into long-term
memories P.2 释义转化
-- Repeat the tasks until you keep/bear the information you got in mind.

74. Sadly, most turn a blind eye to this formula because we believe we’re productive.
-- It’s sad that the majority ignore(s)/neglect(s)/overlook(s) the repetition because
we assume we’re productive. P.2 同义转化
巩固提升
2020年零模任阅分析
75. … include what you’re trying to remember into daily life, ideally over time, your
chances of keeping it significantly improve.
-- Put what you want to remember into daily life and you will remember them
longer/better/gradually. P.3 释义转化

76. …find a healthy interval that works. P3. 原词
-- Go over and practice what you’ve learned at intervals.

77. Multiple studies have found that procrastination(拖延) leads to stress… Stop
engaging in useless tasks… P.5 同义转化
-- Be sure not to delay/postpone doing things necessary to handle.

巩固提升
2020年零模任阅分析
78. …just handle whatever it is you need to work on. Then watch your focus increase
quickly and your memory improve.
-- Give special attention to what you need to focus on rather than deal with other
things. P.5 提炼

79. “Memory is very cue(提示) dependent,”…referring to something he calls
absent-minded …When you don’t have that cue, you can forget almost anything.
-- Absent-minded failure may affect almost anything if you’re not reminded
of it. P6. 同义转化

80. Even better, combine a few of these techniques. P.7 原词
-- Build on the memory with the combination of many techniques.

2020年江苏高考任务型阅读分析
原文词： 76/80 2题
转换词： 71/73/74/75/77/79 6题
提炼词： 72/78 (72题原文中有) 2题
结论：2020年零模的任务型阅读的图表框架布局和原文语篇段落按序对应
且句式基本一致；表格所设空的能力考查重心基本在转化词上，
提炼词也是有迹可循，能根据表格逻辑判断出来。同学们失分主要
在71,72,73,76,77,79,80。而这些错误又主要是体现在不注意形式变化，
不注意搭配，遗忘部分词汇和定位不准上。并不是因为文章语篇和
表格本身的难度。
原文词： 76/80 2题
转换词： 71/73/74/75/77/79 6题
提炼词： 72/78 (72题原文中有) 2题
结论：2020年零模的任务型阅读的图表框架布局和原文语篇段落按序对应
且句式基本一致；表格所设空的能力考查重心基本在转化词上，
提炼词也是有迹可循，能根据表格逻辑判断出来。同学们失分主要
在71,72,73,76,77,79,80。而这些错误又主要是体现在不注意形式变化，
不注意搭配，遗忘部分词汇和定位不准上。并不是因为文章语篇和
表格本身的难度。
2020年高考任务型阅读
且行且珍惜！
See you next time.
Thanks!