高三英语语法专题复习四：情态动词和虚拟语气（58页PPT）
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| 更新时间 | 2020-03-31 17:11:51 | ||
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(共58张PPT)
高三英语语法复习
专题复习四：情态动词和虚拟语气
课程内容
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
三、语法知识相关巩固练习
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
can; could; cannot; can’t; couldn’t
may; might; may not; might not／mightn’t(rare)
will; would; will not/won’t; wouldn’t
shall; should; shall not/shan’t; shouldn’t
must; have to ; mustn’t; don’t/didn’t have to
need; need not/ needn’t
dare; dare not/ daren’t
ought to; ought not to/ oughtn’t to
常见情态动词
(一）、能力
can (present); could ( past)
be able to ( all tenses)
The fire broke out at midnight, but fortunately, everyone ______________ escape into a safe area.
was able to
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（二）、可以，许可（ permission)
may; might/can; could
---May I use your dictionary?
---Yes, you may.
---No, you may not/ mustn’t/ You’d better not.
---Might I make a suggestion?
--- Yes，you may.
---Could I use your dictionary?
---Yes, of course you can.
mustn’t 表示禁止，不允许。
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（三）、必须; 一定要
must (主观)； have to (客观)
I must/have to leave now. Class begins at 8:00.
Must you play the piano now? It’s already 9 p.m.
一定要；非要
Must I hand in my exercise-book?
Yes, you must.
No, you needn’t.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（四）、推测一
must ought to may might/could can’t/couldn’t
可能性递减，现在～ +do(be), 过去～ +have done
注意反义疑问句：
He must be at home now, isn’t he?
He must have got the news, hasn’t he?
They must have started off for Beijing yesterday, didn’t they?
He can’t have slept through all that noise.
疑问句中表推测，只能用 can或could
---Can it be Mr. Smith? ---No, it can’t be him.
---Can he have found his wallet? --- Yes, he must have.
---Could he have found his wallet? ---No, he couldn’t have.
Where can/could he have been?
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（四）、推测二
can 表面是推测，在实际生活中往往真的会发生的特有的情形，常与表示频率的时间副词或介词如sometimes; at times 等连用。
Children can sometimes be very annoying.
Scotland can be very cold.
It can be very windy on the hills.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（四）、推测三
should 按常理理应…，说话留有余地；
现在/将来 should +do (be)
过去 should +have done
We should arrive before dark.
The roads should be less crowded today.
I should have finished reading it by Friday.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（五）、意愿
will; would 可用于各种人称
If you will come tomorrow, I will show you around our school.
The door is broken. It doesn’t shut.
I have tried to fix it again and again. But it just won’t shut.
I tried to fix the broken door. But it just wouldn’t shut.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（六）、习性、习惯
Fish will die out of water.
We would go to the movies after we were dismissed from school in high school.
She would sit like that for hours without doing anything at all.
They would go to have a drink after work.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（七）、需要
need 常用于疑问或否定句中; need+ do/ have done
---Need I bring you some water?
---Yes, you must.
---No, you needn’t.
need to do 作为行为动词使用时:
I need to drink some water.
Did you need to drink some water?
You didn’t need to come to school yesterday. (没来)
You needn’t have come to school yesterday. (来过了)
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（八）、敢于
dare 常用于疑问或否定句中
Dare you go out alone at night?
Yes./ Absolutely/ Of course.
No, I daren’t.
dare 用作行为动词时:
I don’t dare (to) go out alone at night.
I didn’t dare (to) go out alone at night.
I dare say. 我揣测；可能；或许
I dare say the Trustees would give Adrian leave.
I dare say I overdo it. But I think you go to the other extreme.
I dare say your sympathy's with him.
You are tired. I dare say.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（九）、提出建议，应该
should
You should listen to your teacher carefully.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（十）、责任，义务
ought to
Parents ought to raise their children，while children ought to take care of their old parents.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（十一）、惊讶
should + do（现在）； should +have done （过去）
Can you imagine such a gentleman should be so rude to a lady like that? （现在）
Can you imagine such a gentleman should have been so rude to a lady like that? (过去)
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（十二）、责备
should / ought to +have done 本应做却没做
shouldn’t/oughtn’t/ought not to +have done
本不应做却做了
You should have been here earlier.
He oughtn’t to have left without locking the door.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（十三）、征询意见
shall 一、三人称; will/would 二人称
Shall she hand in her paper?
What shall we do this weekend?
Let’s take a walk, shall we?
Let us take a walk, will you?
Those women with babies in their arms, come in first, will you?
Would those women with babies in their arms come in first?
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（十四）、强制、命令、允诺、威胁
shall, 二、三人称
Parents shall send their children to school by law. (rule, law, etc.)
You shall get my book tomorrow if you promise to keep it clean.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
主要内容
（一）、条件句中虚拟语气的用法
（二）、suggest 一类词引导的名词性从句中的虚拟语气
(三）、(How)I wish / If only… 从句中的虚拟语气
（四）、 I would rather (that)… 从句中的虚拟语气
（五）、 as if；even if/though 状语从句中的虚拟语气
（六）、 It’s important/ necessary/ desirable/ essential/ strange that… 主语从句中的虚拟语气
（七）、 It’s high time that…
（八）、 May sb. do/ Wish sb. sth…
Mood 语气
陈述语气 ( indicative mood )
说话者所说的话是事实。用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句。
祈使语气 ( imperative mood)
说话者所说的话是请求或命令。
Stand still!
Do stand still!
Don’t talk!
虚拟语气 (subjunctive mood/ unreal conditionals)
说话者所说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况；是说话者的一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
（一）、条件句中虚拟语气的用法
1. 一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法。
2. 一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装。
3. 混合虚拟语气
4. 可用虚拟语气的相当于if 的连词
5. 暗示用虚拟语气的词
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
表示与事实情况相反 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
表示与现在事实情况相反(present)
表示与过去事实情况相反(past)
表示与将来事实情况相反(future)
过去式(did/were)
(be常用 were)
①过去式(did)/(were)
②should + do
③were to do
过去完成式
(had +done)
would/could / might/should+ do
would/could/ might/should +have done
would/could/ might/should+ do
1、虚拟语气用于条件从句
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
与现在相反
If I had the chance, I might want to be a translator.
If I were you, I would choose to stay here.
与过去相反
If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you
would have known what we were talking about.
与将来相反
If I got married in the UK, I would expect a present.
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
1、虚拟语气用于条件从句
条件句中出现助动词were, had, should 时，省略if，用部分倒装结构，主句形式不变。
倒装句既可以放句首，也可以放主句后。
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
2、一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装
If I had the chance, I might want to be a translator.（不能倒装）
If I were you, I would choose to stay here.
Were I you, I would choose to stay here./ I would choose to stay here were I you.
Had you joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about. / You would have known what we were talking about had you joined the chat room ten minutes ago.
If I got married in the UK, I would expect a present.(不能倒装）
It it should rain /it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
= Should it rain/ Were it to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
2、一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装
注意: 如果省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,不能用动词的缩略形式.
Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.(correct）
Weren’t it for … （ wrong）
1. ____ she ____ yesterday, she would
meet the famous singer today.
Hadn’t; left B. Had; not left
C. If; didn’t leave D. Didn’t; leave
B. Had; not left
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
2、一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装
2. The business is risky，but ______, we would be rich.
A. should we succeed
B. we should succeed
C. might we succeed
D. would we succeed
A. should we succeed
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
2、一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装
3. What would have happened,
________, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther
B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther
D. if Bob walked farther
C. had Bob walked farther
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
2、一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装
3. 混合虚拟语气
条件句与主句中表达与不同时间发生的事实相反。
If you had taken the doctor’s advice, you would be all right now.
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
4.可用虚拟语气的相当于if 的词
Suppose ( that)
Supposing (that)
Providing (that)
Provided (that )
Supposing that he were not to come tonight, what should we do?
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
5. 暗示用虚拟语气的词
1） 相当于引导if 条件句的词
but, but for, with, without, if not
2）相当于主句的词
otherwise, or, or else
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
5.相当于if 条件句的词
but, but for, with, without, if not
But for his help, I would not have succeeded.
= If it had not been for his help, I would not have succeeded.
= Without his help, I would not have succeeded.
= He helped me. If not, I would not have succeeded.
= I would not have succeeded, but he helped me.
= If he hadn’t helped me, I would not have succeeded.
注意： but部分相当于if引导的条件句, 但实际该部分表示的客观事实，所以but 部分常用过去时。
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
四建议 suggest; advise; recommend; propose
三要求 require; request; demand
二命令 order; command
一坚持（insist）; 一敦促 urge; 一想法 idea; 一欲望 desire
此类词所带的相关名词性从句中谓语动词用：should+ do…
should 可以省略
（二）suggest 一类词引导的名词性从句中的虚拟语气
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
(二）suggest 一类词引导的名词性从句中的虚拟语气
It is suggested that the findings of their study referred to (should) be made known to the world as soon as possible.
We suggested that the findings of their study referred to (should) be made known to the world as soon as possible.
Our suggestion is that the findings of their study referred to (should) be made known to the world as soon as possible.
We made a suggestion that the findings of their study referred to (should) be made known to the world as soon as possible.
It’s desirable that they (should) be awarded the first prize.
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
（二） suggest 一类词引导的名词性从句中的虚拟语气
注意：
suggest 一类词用于虚拟语气，名词性从句中表示的是某人（应该）要去做某事。但有例两个词例外： insist, suggest
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
suggest 指“建议”时，用虚拟语气，但指表明、暗示的意思时，不用虚拟语气，此时，从句中谓语动词根据语境判断。
The evidence suggested that people with positive attitudes toward life were less likely to catch a cold.
The expression on his face suggested that he had done well in the test.
上面两句中的suggest 均指“表明、暗示”之意,不用虚拟语气。
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
（二）suggest 一类词引导的名词性从句中的虚拟语气
insist 指坚持要某人做某事时，从句谓语动词用 should do, 指坚持某个观点（坚持认为）时不用虚拟语气，谓语动词根据语境判断。
The teacher insisted that we should hand in our essays this Friday.
He insisted that he was right.
He insisted that Tom had taken away his magazine.
坚持要，用虚拟
坚持认为，不用虚拟
坚持认为，不用虚拟
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
（二）suggest 一类词引导的名词性从句中的虚拟语气
（三）（ How）I wish / If only… 从句中的虚拟语气
在wish 引导的宾语从句中或if only 引导的状语从句中应该用虚拟语气。
从句谓语动词形式：
与现在事实相反，… did…/ be → were
与过去事实相反，… had done…
与将来事实相反，… did…/ be → were, will do → would do…
但与过去当时的情况相反，谓语动词用 did
How I wished (then) that I knew the movie star.
If only I had been to Paris!
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
(四）would rather (that)… 从句中的虚拟语气
that 宾语从句谓语动词形式：
与现在事实相反，… did…/ be → were
与过去事实相反，… had done…
与将来事实相反，… did…/ be → were, will do → would do…
I would rather (that) I stayed at home today.
He would rather ( that ) he hadn’t attended the boring party.
I would rather I went to Beijing tomorrow.
现在
过去
将来
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
（五）as if/though; even if/though 从句中的虚拟语气
as if 状语从句中表述的内容与客观事实一致，不用虚拟语气。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
As if 状语从句中表述的内容与客观事实不一致，用虚拟语气。谓语动词形式：
与现在事实相反，… did…/ be → were
与过去事实相反，… had done…
与将来事实相反，… did…/ be → were, will do → would do…
He talks as if he knew the movie star.
He acted as if he had already known the truth.
He acts as if he would be the boss of the company.
与客观事实一致
现在
过去
将来
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
注意：
若as if 状语从句中表示的内容与过去的当时情况相反，谓语动词用 did
Yesterday he passed me without even taking a look at me as if I didn’t exist at all.
昨天他从我身旁经过时看都不看我一眼，似乎我根本就不存在一样。 （ 与当时他从我身旁经过时的事实相反）
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
（五）as if/though; even if/though 从句中的虚拟语气
（六）It’s important/ necessary/ desirable/ essential/ strange that… 主语从句中的虚拟语气
此类主语从句的谓语动词用 … (should) do…
It is necessary that we (should) read some English books to expand our vocabulary.
= It is necessary for us to read some English books to expand our vocabulary.
若用跟此类形容词相关的宾语从句,谓语动词也用… should do…
I find it necessary that we (should) read some English books to expand our vocabulary.
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
（七） It’s (high) time that…
从句中谓语动词用… did…/ …should do…, 但常用…did..
It’s (high） time that we made a travel plan.
= It’s time for us to make a travel plan.
It’s time that we had dinner.
= It’s time for dinner./ It’s time (for us) to have dinner.
It’s high time that the government made stricter laws concerning environmental protection to punish those who damaged nature.
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
（八） May sb. do/ Wish sb. sth….
表示说话者的祝愿
May you have a nice vacation.
Wish you a nice vacation.
May you succeed.
Wish you success.
May you have a happy new year.
Wish you a happy new year.
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
1. —A stranger has come to see you. Shall I bring him in?
—I would rather he _________ tomorrow. I'm terribly busy now.
A. will come B. came C. would come D. had come
2. She didn’t come to the party last Sunday. _______, she must have made the party more exciting.
A. If she came B. Would she come C. Had she come D. Did she come
3.—Who has made a mess in my room?
—Who else _______ have done it but your naughty son?
A. would B.could C.should D. must
4. —Mary didn't turn up last time, did she?
—No, she __________. We had changed our plan.
A. didn't need to come B. needn't have come C. shouldn't have come D. needn't have to come
5. Holiday shopping __________be a tiring experience. There are so many places to visit and choices to make.
A. can B. may C. shall D. will
1. B 2. C 3.B 4.A 5. A
三、语法知识相关巩固练习
6. — It’s ten years since I met you last time. I ________ you at all.
—I wouldn’t have, either, if someone ________ you by name.
A. didn’t recognize; didn’t call B. haven’t recognized; didn’t call
C. can’t recognize; had called D. didn’t recognize; hadn’t called
7. —Why hasn’t Jack come back yet? _______anything have happened to him?
—I’m not sure, but I guess something_______.
A. May; must have B. Can; may have C. Must; may D. Should; might have
8. He_________writing the paper now. He hadn’t written a single word when I left him ten minutes ago.
A. shouldn’t be B. can’t have finished C. can’t be D. mustn’t have finished
9. His pale face suggested that he_______really fr ightened by the accident and we suggested he_______a good rest.
A. be; had B. should be; has C. was; have D. had been; should have
10. —I saw her in the office this morning.
—Really? She _______ back to work without the doctor’s permission.
A. couldn’t have gone B. needed not to go C. didn’t need to go D. shouldn’t have gone
6. D 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. D
11. —Why did Simon get home so late?
—He was so drunk that he _______his way back.
A. might not find B. might not have found C. couldn’t find D. couldn’t have found
12. —“Crash diets” make us lose weight fast and I am all into that.
—But it _______better to work out.
A. had B. would be C. wouldn’t have been D. must have been
13. —Do you believe Cecilia has good table manners?
—Oh, no. As is known to us all, she _______comb her hair at the table, even though she knows we don’t like it. A. will B. may C. has got to D. shall
14. The law keeps teen agers from getting cigarettes that_______ more freely available.
A. haven’t otherwise been B. had otherwise been
C. would otherwise have been D. wouldn’t otherwise be
15. Belinda_______be allowed to play with that toy all the time just because she’s the eldest.
A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D.daren’t
11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C
16. We played really poorly in the first half. We_______, however, feel that we were very lucky indeed. After all, the score is tied. A. would B. could C. should D. might
17. A judge has ruled the strike is illegal, and ordered that the union_______$2 million a day.
A. was fined B. be fined C. is fined D. would be fined
18. I_______here earlier. I never thought the car would break down halfway.
A. could come B. should come C. would have come D. may have come
19. Many students will take part in the school sports meeting this week, so she suggested that the class meeting _______held on Saturday.
A. not be B. not to be C. be not D. be not to
20. Luckily the man missed th e high- speed train to Wenzhou, or he_____have been killed in the accident.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
16. C 17. B 18. C 19. A 20.D
21. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao”, just as I _____ do in China.
A. must B. might C. can D. should
22. One of our rules is that every student_____ wear school uniform while at school.
A. might B. could C. shall D. will
23. —Happy birthday!
—Thank you! It’s the best present I______for.
A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished D. could have wished
24. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but______say where he was.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t
25. We______the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?
A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced
21.B 22.C 23.D 24.C 25.C
26. I_____ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
A. won’t B. can’t C. can D. will
27.—Did you meet with Mr. Jackson?
— ________I had come here a little earlier.
A. If only B. Only if C. But for D. For fear
28. Terry threw out his arm just in time to stop you falling down the stairs. Otherwise, I _____ you black and blue all over now.
A．see B．will see C．would see D．would have seen
29. Before space travel, an astronaut must know _____ it might feel like to stay in an imaginary environment.
A．when B．what C．how D．that
30. ______for the free vegetables, women workers would not have gone to the supermarket so often．
A．If it is not B．Were it not C．Had it not been D．If they were not 26.B 27.A 28.C 29.B 30.C
31. The policeman declared that the blow on the boy’s head _____from behind．
A．should have been made B．must have been made C．would have been made D．could have been made
32. If the wound______become swollen, do not hesitate to call me.
A.shall B. must C. should D. would
33. I actually believe that we _____ in Xi’an now if you hadn’t been caught drunk driving last month.
A. would be B. would have been C. were D.had been
34. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we _______ it without you.
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
35. But for their help, we_________ the program in time.
A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished 31.B 32.C 33.A 34.B 35.D
36. But for the help of my English teacher, I ______ _the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won
37. This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
38. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _______ it differently.
A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
39. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he _______ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
40. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy_______.
A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved
36.B 37.B 38.C 39.B 40.A
41. We _______ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put
42. I _______ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn't gone
43. I_______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come
44. —Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
— I_______ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended
45. Maybe if I _______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
41.D 42.A 43.D 44.D 45.C
46. —Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You _______ it in the wrong place.
A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put
47. The teacher ______ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose.
A. should B. can C. would D. must
48. She ______ _have left school, for her bike is still here.
A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
49. Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.
A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been
50. —Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah, good morning. You _______be Mrs. Peters.
A. might B. must C. would D. can
46.D 47.D 48.A 49.D 50.B
51. It _______ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
52. —I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _______it .
A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen
53. The biggest problem for most plants, which _______ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.
A. shan’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
54. —What does the sign over there read?
—"No person _______ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area."
A. will B. may C. shall D. must
55. —Turn off the TV, Jack. _______ your homework now?
—Mum, just ten more minutes, please.
A. Should you be doing B. Shouldn’t you be doing C. Couldn’t you be doing D. Will you be doing
51.B 52.B 53.B 54.C 55.B
56. —What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
—You _______do anything except to be with them and be yourself.
A. don't have to B. oughtn't to C. mustn't D. can't
57. Peter _______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.
A. shall B. should C. can D. must
58. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ___________be rather cold sometimes.
A. must B. can C. should D. would
59. One of the few things you _______ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.
A. need B. must C. should D. can
60.Just be patient. You _______ expect the world to change so soon.
A. can't B. needn't C. may not D. will not
56.A 57.C 58.B 59.D 60.A
Good bye!
Wish you success!
高三英语语法复习
专题复习四：情态动词和虚拟语气
课程内容
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
三、语法知识相关巩固练习
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
can; could; cannot; can’t; couldn’t
may; might; may not; might not／mightn’t(rare)
will; would; will not/won’t; wouldn’t
shall; should; shall not/shan’t; shouldn’t
must; have to ; mustn’t; don’t/didn’t have to
need; need not/ needn’t
dare; dare not/ daren’t
ought to; ought not to/ oughtn’t to
常见情态动词
(一）、能力
can (present); could ( past)
be able to ( all tenses)
The fire broke out at midnight, but fortunately, everyone ______________ escape into a safe area.
was able to
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（二）、可以，许可（ permission)
may; might/can; could
---May I use your dictionary?
---Yes, you may.
---No, you may not/ mustn’t/ You’d better not.
---Might I make a suggestion?
--- Yes，you may.
---Could I use your dictionary?
---Yes, of course you can.
mustn’t 表示禁止，不允许。
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（三）、必须; 一定要
must (主观)； have to (客观)
I must/have to leave now. Class begins at 8:00.
Must you play the piano now? It’s already 9 p.m.
一定要；非要
Must I hand in my exercise-book?
Yes, you must.
No, you needn’t.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（四）、推测一
must ought to may might/could can’t/couldn’t
可能性递减，现在～ +do(be), 过去～ +have done
注意反义疑问句：
He must be at home now, isn’t he?
He must have got the news, hasn’t he?
They must have started off for Beijing yesterday, didn’t they?
He can’t have slept through all that noise.
疑问句中表推测，只能用 can或could
---Can it be Mr. Smith? ---No, it can’t be him.
---Can he have found his wallet? --- Yes, he must have.
---Could he have found his wallet? ---No, he couldn’t have.
Where can/could he have been?
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（四）、推测二
can 表面是推测，在实际生活中往往真的会发生的特有的情形，常与表示频率的时间副词或介词如sometimes; at times 等连用。
Children can sometimes be very annoying.
Scotland can be very cold.
It can be very windy on the hills.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（四）、推测三
should 按常理理应…，说话留有余地；
现在/将来 should +do (be)
过去 should +have done
We should arrive before dark.
The roads should be less crowded today.
I should have finished reading it by Friday.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（五）、意愿
will; would 可用于各种人称
If you will come tomorrow, I will show you around our school.
The door is broken. It doesn’t shut.
I have tried to fix it again and again. But it just won’t shut.
I tried to fix the broken door. But it just wouldn’t shut.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（六）、习性、习惯
Fish will die out of water.
We would go to the movies after we were dismissed from school in high school.
She would sit like that for hours without doing anything at all.
They would go to have a drink after work.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（七）、需要
need 常用于疑问或否定句中; need+ do/ have done
---Need I bring you some water?
---Yes, you must.
---No, you needn’t.
need to do 作为行为动词使用时:
I need to drink some water.
Did you need to drink some water?
You didn’t need to come to school yesterday. (没来)
You needn’t have come to school yesterday. (来过了)
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（八）、敢于
dare 常用于疑问或否定句中
Dare you go out alone at night?
Yes./ Absolutely/ Of course.
No, I daren’t.
dare 用作行为动词时:
I don’t dare (to) go out alone at night.
I didn’t dare (to) go out alone at night.
I dare say. 我揣测；可能；或许
I dare say the Trustees would give Adrian leave.
I dare say I overdo it. But I think you go to the other extreme.
I dare say your sympathy's with him.
You are tired. I dare say.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（九）、提出建议，应该
should
You should listen to your teacher carefully.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（十）、责任，义务
ought to
Parents ought to raise their children，while children ought to take care of their old parents.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（十一）、惊讶
should + do（现在）； should +have done （过去）
Can you imagine such a gentleman should be so rude to a lady like that? （现在）
Can you imagine such a gentleman should have been so rude to a lady like that? (过去)
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（十二）、责备
should / ought to +have done 本应做却没做
shouldn’t/oughtn’t/ought not to +have done
本不应做却做了
You should have been here earlier.
He oughtn’t to have left without locking the door.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（十三）、征询意见
shall 一、三人称; will/would 二人称
Shall she hand in her paper?
What shall we do this weekend?
Let’s take a walk, shall we?
Let us take a walk, will you?
Those women with babies in their arms, come in first, will you?
Would those women with babies in their arms come in first?
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
（十四）、强制、命令、允诺、威胁
shall, 二、三人称
Parents shall send their children to school by law. (rule, law, etc.)
You shall get my book tomorrow if you promise to keep it clean.
一、情态动词语法知识讲解
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
主要内容
（一）、条件句中虚拟语气的用法
（二）、suggest 一类词引导的名词性从句中的虚拟语气
(三）、(How)I wish / If only… 从句中的虚拟语气
（四）、 I would rather (that)… 从句中的虚拟语气
（五）、 as if；even if/though 状语从句中的虚拟语气
（六）、 It’s important/ necessary/ desirable/ essential/ strange that… 主语从句中的虚拟语气
（七）、 It’s high time that…
（八）、 May sb. do/ Wish sb. sth…
Mood 语气
陈述语气 ( indicative mood )
说话者所说的话是事实。用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句。
祈使语气 ( imperative mood)
说话者所说的话是请求或命令。
Stand still!
Do stand still!
Don’t talk!
虚拟语气 (subjunctive mood/ unreal conditionals)
说话者所说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况；是说话者的一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
（一）、条件句中虚拟语气的用法
1. 一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法。
2. 一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装。
3. 混合虚拟语气
4. 可用虚拟语气的相当于if 的连词
5. 暗示用虚拟语气的词
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
表示与事实情况相反 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
表示与现在事实情况相反(present)
表示与过去事实情况相反(past)
表示与将来事实情况相反(future)
过去式(did/were)
(be常用 were)
①过去式(did)/(were)
②should + do
③were to do
过去完成式
(had +done)
would/could / might/should+ do
would/could/ might/should +have done
would/could/ might/should+ do
1、虚拟语气用于条件从句
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
与现在相反
If I had the chance, I might want to be a translator.
If I were you, I would choose to stay here.
与过去相反
If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you
would have known what we were talking about.
与将来相反
If I got married in the UK, I would expect a present.
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
1、虚拟语气用于条件从句
条件句中出现助动词were, had, should 时，省略if，用部分倒装结构，主句形式不变。
倒装句既可以放句首，也可以放主句后。
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
2、一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装
If I had the chance, I might want to be a translator.（不能倒装）
If I were you, I would choose to stay here.
Were I you, I would choose to stay here./ I would choose to stay here were I you.
Had you joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about. / You would have known what we were talking about had you joined the chat room ten minutes ago.
If I got married in the UK, I would expect a present.(不能倒装）
It it should rain /it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
= Should it rain/ Were it to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
2、一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装
注意: 如果省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,不能用动词的缩略形式.
Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.(correct）
Weren’t it for … （ wrong）
1. ____ she ____ yesterday, she would
meet the famous singer today.
Hadn’t; left B. Had; not left
C. If; didn’t leave D. Didn’t; leave
B. Had; not left
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
2、一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装
2. The business is risky，but ______, we would be rich.
A. should we succeed
B. we should succeed
C. might we succeed
D. would we succeed
A. should we succeed
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
2、一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装
3. What would have happened,
________, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther
B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther
D. if Bob walked farther
C. had Bob walked farther
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
2、一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装
3. 混合虚拟语气
条件句与主句中表达与不同时间发生的事实相反。
If you had taken the doctor’s advice, you would be all right now.
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
4.可用虚拟语气的相当于if 的词
Suppose ( that)
Supposing (that)
Providing (that)
Provided (that )
Supposing that he were not to come tonight, what should we do?
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
5. 暗示用虚拟语气的词
1） 相当于引导if 条件句的词
but, but for, with, without, if not
2）相当于主句的词
otherwise, or, or else
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
5.相当于if 条件句的词
but, but for, with, without, if not
But for his help, I would not have succeeded.
= If it had not been for his help, I would not have succeeded.
= Without his help, I would not have succeeded.
= He helped me. If not, I would not have succeeded.
= I would not have succeeded, but he helped me.
= If he hadn’t helped me, I would not have succeeded.
注意： but部分相当于if引导的条件句, 但实际该部分表示的客观事实，所以but 部分常用过去时。
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
四建议 suggest; advise; recommend; propose
三要求 require; request; demand
二命令 order; command
一坚持（insist）; 一敦促 urge; 一想法 idea; 一欲望 desire
此类词所带的相关名词性从句中谓语动词用：should+ do…
should 可以省略
（二）suggest 一类词引导的名词性从句中的虚拟语气
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
(二）suggest 一类词引导的名词性从句中的虚拟语气
It is suggested that the findings of their study referred to (should) be made known to the world as soon as possible.
We suggested that the findings of their study referred to (should) be made known to the world as soon as possible.
Our suggestion is that the findings of their study referred to (should) be made known to the world as soon as possible.
We made a suggestion that the findings of their study referred to (should) be made known to the world as soon as possible.
It’s desirable that they (should) be awarded the first prize.
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
（二） suggest 一类词引导的名词性从句中的虚拟语气
注意：
suggest 一类词用于虚拟语气，名词性从句中表示的是某人（应该）要去做某事。但有例两个词例外： insist, suggest
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
suggest 指“建议”时，用虚拟语气，但指表明、暗示的意思时，不用虚拟语气，此时，从句中谓语动词根据语境判断。
The evidence suggested that people with positive attitudes toward life were less likely to catch a cold.
The expression on his face suggested that he had done well in the test.
上面两句中的suggest 均指“表明、暗示”之意,不用虚拟语气。
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
（二）suggest 一类词引导的名词性从句中的虚拟语气
insist 指坚持要某人做某事时，从句谓语动词用 should do, 指坚持某个观点（坚持认为）时不用虚拟语气，谓语动词根据语境判断。
The teacher insisted that we should hand in our essays this Friday.
He insisted that he was right.
He insisted that Tom had taken away his magazine.
坚持要，用虚拟
坚持认为，不用虚拟
坚持认为，不用虚拟
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
（二）suggest 一类词引导的名词性从句中的虚拟语气
（三）（ How）I wish / If only… 从句中的虚拟语气
在wish 引导的宾语从句中或if only 引导的状语从句中应该用虚拟语气。
从句谓语动词形式：
与现在事实相反，… did…/ be → were
与过去事实相反，… had done…
与将来事实相反，… did…/ be → were, will do → would do…
但与过去当时的情况相反，谓语动词用 did
How I wished (then) that I knew the movie star.
If only I had been to Paris!
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
(四）would rather (that)… 从句中的虚拟语气
that 宾语从句谓语动词形式：
与现在事实相反，… did…/ be → were
与过去事实相反，… had done…
与将来事实相反，… did…/ be → were, will do → would do…
I would rather (that) I stayed at home today.
He would rather ( that ) he hadn’t attended the boring party.
I would rather I went to Beijing tomorrow.
现在
过去
将来
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
（五）as if/though; even if/though 从句中的虚拟语气
as if 状语从句中表述的内容与客观事实一致，不用虚拟语气。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
As if 状语从句中表述的内容与客观事实不一致，用虚拟语气。谓语动词形式：
与现在事实相反，… did…/ be → were
与过去事实相反，… had done…
与将来事实相反，… did…/ be → were, will do → would do…
He talks as if he knew the movie star.
He acted as if he had already known the truth.
He acts as if he would be the boss of the company.
与客观事实一致
现在
过去
将来
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
注意：
若as if 状语从句中表示的内容与过去的当时情况相反，谓语动词用 did
Yesterday he passed me without even taking a look at me as if I didn’t exist at all.
昨天他从我身旁经过时看都不看我一眼，似乎我根本就不存在一样。 （ 与当时他从我身旁经过时的事实相反）
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
（五）as if/though; even if/though 从句中的虚拟语气
（六）It’s important/ necessary/ desirable/ essential/ strange that… 主语从句中的虚拟语气
此类主语从句的谓语动词用 … (should) do…
It is necessary that we (should) read some English books to expand our vocabulary.
= It is necessary for us to read some English books to expand our vocabulary.
若用跟此类形容词相关的宾语从句,谓语动词也用… should do…
I find it necessary that we (should) read some English books to expand our vocabulary.
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
（七） It’s (high) time that…
从句中谓语动词用… did…/ …should do…, 但常用…did..
It’s (high） time that we made a travel plan.
= It’s time for us to make a travel plan.
It’s time that we had dinner.
= It’s time for dinner./ It’s time (for us) to have dinner.
It’s high time that the government made stricter laws concerning environmental protection to punish those who damaged nature.
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
（八） May sb. do/ Wish sb. sth….
表示说话者的祝愿
May you have a nice vacation.
Wish you a nice vacation.
May you succeed.
Wish you success.
May you have a happy new year.
Wish you a happy new year.
二、虚拟语气语法知识讲解
1. —A stranger has come to see you. Shall I bring him in?
—I would rather he _________ tomorrow. I'm terribly busy now.
A. will come B. came C. would come D. had come
2. She didn’t come to the party last Sunday. _______, she must have made the party more exciting.
A. If she came B. Would she come C. Had she come D. Did she come
3.—Who has made a mess in my room?
—Who else _______ have done it but your naughty son?
A. would B.could C.should D. must
4. —Mary didn't turn up last time, did she?
—No, she __________. We had changed our plan.
A. didn't need to come B. needn't have come C. shouldn't have come D. needn't have to come
5. Holiday shopping __________be a tiring experience. There are so many places to visit and choices to make.
A. can B. may C. shall D. will
1. B 2. C 3.B 4.A 5. A
三、语法知识相关巩固练习
6. — It’s ten years since I met you last time. I ________ you at all.
—I wouldn’t have, either, if someone ________ you by name.
A. didn’t recognize; didn’t call B. haven’t recognized; didn’t call
C. can’t recognize; had called D. didn’t recognize; hadn’t called
7. —Why hasn’t Jack come back yet? _______anything have happened to him?
—I’m not sure, but I guess something_______.
A. May; must have B. Can; may have C. Must; may D. Should; might have
8. He_________writing the paper now. He hadn’t written a single word when I left him ten minutes ago.
A. shouldn’t be B. can’t have finished C. can’t be D. mustn’t have finished
9. His pale face suggested that he_______really fr ightened by the accident and we suggested he_______a good rest.
A. be; had B. should be; has C. was; have D. had been; should have
10. —I saw her in the office this morning.
—Really? She _______ back to work without the doctor’s permission.
A. couldn’t have gone B. needed not to go C. didn’t need to go D. shouldn’t have gone
6. D 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. D
11. —Why did Simon get home so late?
—He was so drunk that he _______his way back.
A. might not find B. might not have found C. couldn’t find D. couldn’t have found
12. —“Crash diets” make us lose weight fast and I am all into that.
—But it _______better to work out.
A. had B. would be C. wouldn’t have been D. must have been
13. —Do you believe Cecilia has good table manners?
—Oh, no. As is known to us all, she _______comb her hair at the table, even though she knows we don’t like it. A. will B. may C. has got to D. shall
14. The law keeps teen agers from getting cigarettes that_______ more freely available.
A. haven’t otherwise been B. had otherwise been
C. would otherwise have been D. wouldn’t otherwise be
15. Belinda_______be allowed to play with that toy all the time just because she’s the eldest.
A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D.daren’t
11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C
16. We played really poorly in the first half. We_______, however, feel that we were very lucky indeed. After all, the score is tied. A. would B. could C. should D. might
17. A judge has ruled the strike is illegal, and ordered that the union_______$2 million a day.
A. was fined B. be fined C. is fined D. would be fined
18. I_______here earlier. I never thought the car would break down halfway.
A. could come B. should come C. would have come D. may have come
19. Many students will take part in the school sports meeting this week, so she suggested that the class meeting _______held on Saturday.
A. not be B. not to be C. be not D. be not to
20. Luckily the man missed th e high- speed train to Wenzhou, or he_____have been killed in the accident.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
16. C 17. B 18. C 19. A 20.D
21. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao”, just as I _____ do in China.
A. must B. might C. can D. should
22. One of our rules is that every student_____ wear school uniform while at school.
A. might B. could C. shall D. will
23. —Happy birthday!
—Thank you! It’s the best present I______for.
A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished D. could have wished
24. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but______say where he was.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t
25. We______the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?
A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced
21.B 22.C 23.D 24.C 25.C
26. I_____ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
A. won’t B. can’t C. can D. will
27.—Did you meet with Mr. Jackson?
— ________I had come here a little earlier.
A. If only B. Only if C. But for D. For fear
28. Terry threw out his arm just in time to stop you falling down the stairs. Otherwise, I _____ you black and blue all over now.
A．see B．will see C．would see D．would have seen
29. Before space travel, an astronaut must know _____ it might feel like to stay in an imaginary environment.
A．when B．what C．how D．that
30. ______for the free vegetables, women workers would not have gone to the supermarket so often．
A．If it is not B．Were it not C．Had it not been D．If they were not 26.B 27.A 28.C 29.B 30.C
31. The policeman declared that the blow on the boy’s head _____from behind．
A．should have been made B．must have been made C．would have been made D．could have been made
32. If the wound______become swollen, do not hesitate to call me.
A.shall B. must C. should D. would
33. I actually believe that we _____ in Xi’an now if you hadn’t been caught drunk driving last month.
A. would be B. would have been C. were D.had been
34. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we _______ it without you.
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
35. But for their help, we_________ the program in time.
A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished 31.B 32.C 33.A 34.B 35.D
36. But for the help of my English teacher, I ______ _the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won
37. This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
38. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _______ it differently.
A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
39. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he _______ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
40. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy_______.
A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved
36.B 37.B 38.C 39.B 40.A
41. We _______ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put
42. I _______ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn't gone
43. I_______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come
44. —Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
— I_______ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended
45. Maybe if I _______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
41.D 42.A 43.D 44.D 45.C
46. —Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You _______ it in the wrong place.
A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put
47. The teacher ______ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose.
A. should B. can C. would D. must
48. She ______ _have left school, for her bike is still here.
A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
49. Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.
A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been
50. —Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah, good morning. You _______be Mrs. Peters.
A. might B. must C. would D. can
46.D 47.D 48.A 49.D 50.B
51. It _______ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
52. —I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _______it .
A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen
53. The biggest problem for most plants, which _______ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.
A. shan’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
54. —What does the sign over there read?
—"No person _______ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area."
A. will B. may C. shall D. must
55. —Turn off the TV, Jack. _______ your homework now?
—Mum, just ten more minutes, please.
A. Should you be doing B. Shouldn’t you be doing C. Couldn’t you be doing D. Will you be doing
51.B 52.B 53.B 54.C 55.B
56. —What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
—You _______do anything except to be with them and be yourself.
A. don't have to B. oughtn't to C. mustn't D. can't
57. Peter _______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.
A. shall B. should C. can D. must
58. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ___________be rather cold sometimes.
A. must B. can C. should D. would
59. One of the few things you _______ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.
A. need B. must C. should D. can
60.Just be patient. You _______ expect the world to change so soon.
A. can't B. needn't C. may not D. will not
56.A 57.C 58.B 59.D 60.A
Good bye!
Wish you success!