Unit 1 Section Ⅰ
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but to meet an even greater __challenge__ (挑战)．
2．We should not jump to __conclusions__ (结论)．Let’s investigate first.
3．She __suspected__ (怀疑)that one of her three daughters had picked it up，but the girls said they hadn’t.
4．Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death，smart-phones __defeated__ (打败)conventional PCs in sales.
5．The meeting I’m going to __attend__ (参加)will be about how to find a cure for cancer.
6．Water can __absorb__ (吸收)and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature，thus creating a stable environment.
7．The team are working hard to __analyse__ (分析)the problem so that they can find the best solution.
8．You’ve failed to do what you were expected to and I’m afraid the teacher will __blame__ (责备)you.
9．You will be __instructed__ (指示)where to go as soon as the plan is ready.
10．Don’t __expose__ (暴露)your skin to the sun for too long，or you will get sunburned.
Ⅱ．选词填空
cure sb.of，blame...for，be exposed to，attend to，be absorbed in，make an announcement，be expert at，link...to，put forward，draw a conclusion
1．Don’t keep your skin __exposed to__ the sunlight directly.
2．He was to blame for the accident.So he __was blamed for__ it.
3．Deeply __absorbed in__ her new novels，the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours in her study.
4．We must help to __cure__ him __of__ stealing.
5．Don’t worry.I’ll __attend to__ the matter.
6．It may not be a great suggestion.But before a better one is __put forward__，we’ll do with it.
7．Fingerprints __linked__ the suspect __to__ the case.
8．She __is expert at__ making cheap but stylish clothes.
9．After a heated discussion，they __drew a conclusion__ in the end.
10．The government __made an announcement__ about changes in the drug war.
Ⅲ．单句改错
1．To conclusion，I would like to thank you for all your help.
__To→In或conclusion→conclude__
2．When I said I ran faster than her，she challenged to me to a race.
__去掉challenged后面的to__
3．The police blamed the traffic accident for Jack.
__for→on__
4．Please announce students that the holidays will begin next Monday.
__在announce后加to__
5．This brochure provides detailed instruction on how to repair a phone.
__instruction→instructions__
6．He ran such quickly that we all couldn’t catch up with him.
__such→so__
7．Neither he nor his parents has seen the film.
__has→have__
8．I felt nervous for the first time I spoke in public.
__去掉for__
9．Absorb in his work，Tom forgot to inform her of it.
__Absorb→Absorbed__
10．She suspected him with telling lies and never trusted him again.
__with→of__
Unit 1 Section Ⅰ
[练案1]
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．Kindness is one of the young English teacher’s __characteristics__ (特征)．
2．If a doctor c __ures__ someone’s illness，he makes the person well again.
3．Don’t jump to the c __onclusion__ before you make a careful investigation.
4．How many people __attended__ (参加 )your sister’s wedding yesterday?
5．They __suspect/suspected__ (怀疑) me of having a hand in the affair.
6．No one could __foresee__ (预见)one’s own future accurately.
7．If you __analyse__ (分析)something，you consider it carefully or use some methods in order to fully understand it.
8．We should not __expose__ (暴露)our children to horrors.
9．We d __efeated__ the team last Sunday and finally won the match.
10．Some birth defects are __linked__ (联系)to smoking during pregnancy.
Ⅱ．选词填空
be exposed to，draw a conclusion，be ready to，put forward，be absorbed in，be to blame，link...to，look into，every time，find out
1. I __was absorbed in__ the book so that I didn’t hear you come in.
2．The idea you __put forward__ at the meeting yesterday is more practical than his.
3．The public want to know who __is to blame__ for the accident.
4．The doctor examined the patient carefully and then __drew a conclusion__.
5．It is very dangerous to __be exposed to__ patients with Ebola viruses(埃博拉病毒)without any protection.
6．He took a glance at the back of the book to __find out__ the answers to the questions.
7．If you behave so foolishly，you must __be ready to__ take the consequences.
8． __Every time__ Kobe visits China，he receives a warm welcome from his Chinese fans.
9．Is smoking __linked to__ lung cancer?
10．The police promised to __look into__ the accident.
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．Over the years several important theories have been __put forward__ (提出)by the professor.
2．He __is expert in/at__ (精通)training animals because of his work experience in the zoo.
3．We may safely __draw a conclusion__ (得出结论)that a part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students.
4．The doctor who __has cured him of his illness__ (治好了他的病)is very experienced and enjoys high reputation in the city.
5．At that time, the police __suspected him of__ (怀疑他)having stolen the money.
6．If children __are exposed to__ (接触到)the English environment, it is easier for them to learn English well.
7．It is known to us that study must __be linked to__ (与……联系起来)practice.
8．As we all know, water and salt __are absorbed into__ (被吸收进)our blood stream.
Ⅳ．阅读理解
Marie Curies，born in Sklodovka，Poland in 1876，led a hard life as a girl.Her parents，both teachers，had small salaries and were quite poor，especially after her mother stopped teaching to raise five children and take care of her poor health.Marie’s mother suffered from tuberculosis (肺结核) and died of it when Marie was ten.
When Marie was small，she showed great interest in science.She loved to study and hoped to become a scientist when she grew up.Her parents encouraged her interest in science.Excellent as she was in her studies，she couldn’t go on with the advanced education she needed because Poland was then ruled by Russia and women were not permitted to go to college.
In order to continue her education，she smoothed away many difficulties and entered Paris University，where she lived a simple life and studied hard，so she graduated with the highest grades in her class.
After graduation she was engaged in scientific research in Paris University.There she met Pierre Curie，whom she married.Pierre joined her in her research into an unknown phenomenon “radiation”，which a certain scientist had declared that uranium gave off.The Curies spent several years trying their best to find the element that produced radiation.Finally they succeeded in 1902.
Marie Curie won two Nobel Prizes，one for physics in 1906，together with her husband and another scientist; the other for chemistry herself in 1911.Madame Curie was a scientist of great achievement，and the first woman ever to be honored in the Nobel Prize history.
文章大意：本文主要介绍了居里夫人的人生中的一些重要的事情。
1．When Marie was young，her family became poorer because __C__.
A．the family had five children
B．Marie’s father had a small salary
C．Marie’s mother gave up her job
D．the family was cruelly taxed by the Russians
解析：细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知，玛丽的妈妈放弃了工作来抚养五个孩子和照顾自己身体的时候家里更贫穷了。
2．Marie couldn’t continue the advanced education because __D__.
A．she wanted to help her father to support the family
B．her father couldn’t afford to send her to college
C．her grades were very poor
D．colleges in Poland would not take women as students then
解析：细节理解题。 由第二段最后一句可以得出答案。
3．The fact that proves she was the best student in her class is that __B__.
A．she smoothed away many difficulties and entered Paris University
B．her grades were the highest in her class
C．she did research work after her graduation
D．she won the Nobel Prize finally
解析：推理判断题。 由第三段可知，她毕业时的分数是班上最高的，由此可知，这个事实可以表明她是班上最棒的学生。
4．The best title for this passage is __A__.
A．Brief(简短的) Account(叙述 )of Madame Curie’s Life
B．Madame Curie and Radium
C．Marie Curie’s Childhood
D．Madame Curie’s Interest Science
解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了居里夫人的人生中一些重要的事情。
Ⅴ．七选五
(2019·唐山一中月考)
I live in Japan, where electronic items are a way of life, so it is no surprise that many students carry these little electronic dictionaries.E-dictionaries may be lighter and compacter (简洁的) than any paper dictionary.1. __C__ However, to me, these are pretty much the limits to their advantages.I think E-dictionaries should be limited in their use in classrooms.2. __G__
E-dictionaries are much more expensive.In Japan, they cost as little as 10,000 yen (US$100) much as 40,000 yen, depending on how many functions you want and depending on how fashionable you are.My trusty Random House paper dictionary is copyrighted at 1995, cost me a mere US$12.95 plus tax.
E-dictionaries are more easily broken or damaged.Drop your paper dictionary.Go ahead.Hold it above your head and drop it.3. __A__
E-dictionaries need batteries.Batteries are temperature sensitive.Batteries cost money, too.
E-dictionaries have keypads.Typing in the spelling of a word is harder and more time consuming than looking through pages and using the index at the top of each page.
4． __B__ Sound.Little devices beep (嘟嘟声) when you press the buttons, but it is very disturbing to some people in a classroom situation or library.
Finally, let’s consider making corrections or additions.No dictionary is perfect, paper version or electronic.However, when you find something you’d like to change in the E-dictionary, you can’t do anything about it.You can pencil in some notes with the paper type.Similarly, if you learn a word that isn’t in the dictionary, a few notes of a pencil make it easy to increase its memory capacity.5. __D__ And, for those students whose habit is to mark certain words with a highlight pen for ease of future reference, again, the paper dictionary wins out.
A．Now, try this with any lightweight plastic E-dictionary, and you’ll be picking up the pieces.
B．Let me add a statement about one that really troubles me.
C．They may even contain more words and expressions.
D．But it is impossible to do so with a keypad model.
E．That huge, heavy paper dictionary that you see in your library looks like a building block in size and weight.
F．E-dictionaries have advantages as well as disadvantages.
G．Let’s take a look at the following reasons.
文章大意：本文主要介绍了作者对“电子词典优缺点”的看法。
1．解析：上文提示“电子词典可能比任何纸质词典都更轻、更简便。”承接上文，C项“They may even contain more words and expressions.(它们甚至可能包含更多的单词和短语。)”切题。上句的lighter and compacter与该项中的even和more相吻合。故选C。
2．解析：上文提示“我认为电子词典应该限制在课堂上使用。”承接上文，G项“Let’s take a look at the following reasons.(让我们来看看以下的理由。)”切题。该项起承上启下的作用，即说明上句的理由，又引出下文。故选G。
3．解析：上文提示“电子词典更容易破损。扔掉你的纸质字典。继续去做吧。把它举过头顶，扔下。”承接上文，A项“Now, try this with any lightweight plastic E-dictionary, and you’ll be picking up the pieces.(现在，用任何一种轻便的塑料电子词典来尝试一下，你就会在捡起碎片。)”切题。该项与上文“电子词典更容易破损”相吻合。故选A。
4．解析：下文提示“声音。当你按下按钮时，小设备会发出哔哔声，但是在教室或图书馆里，这对一些人来说是非常令人不安的。”承接下文，B项“Let me add a statement about one that really troubles me.(让我补充一个关于一个真正困扰我的问题的陈述。)”切题。该项中的troubles me与下文中的Sound吻合。故选B。
5．解析：上文提示“同样地，如果你学习了一个不在字典里 单词，铅笔的一些笔记可以很容易地增加它的记忆容量。”承接上文，D项“But it is impossible to do so with a keypad model.(但是用键盘模型是不可能做到的。)”切题。该项中的But表示前后是一种转折关系，将上下句紧密连在一起。故选D。
Ⅵ.完形填空
Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer.He makes full 1. __A__ of the facts he observes.He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 2. __B__ on obvious facts, and therefore 3. __A__ to accept authority as the only reason for truth.He always checks ideas 4. __B__ and does experiments to prove them.
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 5. __A__ as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to 6. __C__ that we should learn science 7. __D__ observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself 8. __B__ many important truths.
Galileo(1564—1642), 9. __A__，_who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important 10. __A__ could be discovered by observation by degrees.Before Galileo，learned men believed that large bodies 11. __B__ more rapidly towards the earth than small ones, 12. __B__ Aristotle said so.But Galileo, going to the 13. __C__ of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 14. __D__ stones and proved Aristotle was wrong.It is Galileo’s 15. __A__ of going direct to nature, and proving our 16. __B__ and theories by experiment, that has17. __A__ all the discoveries of modern science.
What 18. __A__ those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we know clearly that 19. __B__ scientists are those whose observations have 20. __C__ better results.
文章大意：一个科学家应该是一个很好的观察者，不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。
1．A．use B．sense
C．speed D．trust
解析：根据语境可知此处是make full use of“充分利用，充分使用”这一固定词组。
2．A．relied B．based
C．insisted D．centered
解析：根据该空前的“He doesn’t accept ideas”和后面的“on obvious facts”可知，此处是be based on这个固定词组，表示“以……为基础，基于……”。
3．A．refuses B．desires
C．intends D．regrets
解析：由空前的“doesn’t accept”和“and therefore”可知，此处应选refuses。
4．A．casually B．carefully
C．quickly D．privately
解析：结合语境“He always checks ideas”和后面的“and does experiments to prove them”可知，此处表示仔细地核查想法。
5．A．date B．keep
C．look D．come
解析：由下文的“the years 1214 and 1292”可知，现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。date back是一个固定词组，意为“追溯到”。
6．A．command B．suspect
C．suggest D．conclude
解析：根据空后的内容可知，这里应是Roger Bacon提出的建议。故选C项。
7．A．in B．with
C．on D．by
解析：根据后面的“observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知，此处表示通过观察我们周围的事物并做实验，因此选D项。
8．A．brought B．discovered
C．handled D．announced
解析：结合空后的“many important truths”可知，他本人发现了很多重要的真理。
9．A．however B．therefore
C．seldom D．never
解析：上文说Roger Bacon也许是中世纪第一个建议通过观察和实验的方式来学习科学，此处表示转折，然而，伽利略是几个伟大的人物中最伟大的一个。故选A。
10．A．truths B．problems
C．investigations D．subjects
解析：由空后的“could be discovered by observation”可知，很多真理可以通过观察而被发现。truth“事实，真理”。上文中的many important truths也是提示。
11．A．threw B．fell
C．ran D．rolled
解析：根据下文中的“let fall”可知，空处应选fell。
12．A．although B．because
C．when D．if
解析：根据“Aristotle said so”的意思可知，这里表示因为亚里士多德是这样说的。
13．A．place B．foot
C．top D．ceiling
解析：结合空后的“of the Leaning Tower of Pisa，let fall two __14__ stones”可知，伽利略跑到了比萨斜塔的塔顶。
14．A．big B．small
C．similar D．unequal
解析：根据前文和后面的“stones and proved Aristotle was wrong”可知，此处表示使用了两块不同重量的石头，因此选unequal“不相等的”。
15．A．spirit B．skill
C．theory D．wish
解析：由后面的“of going direct to nature”可知，此处表示科学精神(spirit)。
16．A．plans B．opinions
C．world D．ability
解析：与后面“and theories by experiment”中的theories呼应，此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点和理论。
17．A．led to B．turned to
C．set up D．put forward
解析：这里是说正是伽利略的这种精神使得现代科学能有发现。结合语境，应选A项。
18．A．makes B．prevents
C．considers D．promises
解析：结合下文中的“scientists are those...”可知，此处是说“什么使这些人成为好的科学家”。
19．A．reasonable B．successful
C．expert D．sensitive
解析：结合上文中所举的例子我们可以清楚地知道，成功的(successful)科学家是他们的观察已经创造(produced)了更好的结果的人。
20．A．foreseen B．rejected
C．produced D．challenged
解析：参见上题解析。
课件129张PPT。Unit 1 Great Scientists Section Ⅰ Warming-up，Pre-reading,
Reading & Comprehending 自 主 预 习Ⅰ．单词速记
1．________________ (n.)特征；特性
2．__________ (vt.)打败；战胜；使受挫 (n.)失败
3．__________ (vt.)照顾；护理；出席；参加
4．__________ (vt.)暴露；揭露；使曝光
5．________ (n.)治愈；痊愈 (vt.)治愈；治疗
6．_____________ (n.)挑战 (vt.)向……挑战
7．__________ (vt.)吸收；吸引；使专心
8．___________ (vt.)认为；怀疑 (n.)被怀疑者；犯罪嫌疑人characteristic
defeat
attend
expose
cure
challenge
absorb
suspect 9．___________ (vt.)预见；预知
10．_________ (vt.)责备；谴责 (n.)过失；责备
11．__________ (n.)柄；把手 (vt.)处理；操纵
12．scientific (adj.)科学的→ ___________ (n.)科学
13．conclude (vt.& vi.)结束；推断出→ ______________ (n.)结论；结束
14．pollute (vt.)污染；弄脏→ _____________ (n.)污染
15．announce (vt.)宣布；通告→ ________________ (n.)宣布；通告
16．____________ (vt.)命令；指示；教导→instruction (n.)命令；指示foresee
blame
handle science conclusion pollution announcement instruct
Ⅱ．短语互译
1．______________ 提出
2．___________________ 得出结论
3．expose...to ________________
4．be to blame ____________
5．link...to... ______________________________
put forward
draw a conclusion 使显露；暴露
应受责备
将……和……联系或连接起来
Ⅲ．句型结构
1．___________ its cause _______ its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
2．So many thousands of terrified people died _____________ there was an outbreak.
每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。Neither nor every time
Ⅳ．课文理解
(Ⅰ)阅读课文，选择最佳答案
1. According to John Snow’s view， ______.
A．Queen Victoria suffered a lot from bad health
B．a cure had been found for cholera before his time
C．cholera’s cause had to be discovered in order to control it
D．thousands of terrified people knew what they should do
C 2. Which of the following theories did John Snow believe in?_____
A．A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.
B．People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.
C．People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger.
D．People suffered from cholera because they were not clean.
3．Before 1854，when cholera broke out， ______.
A．many thousands of people died
B．people with cholera could be cured
C．John Snow began to know its cause
D．John Snow became inspiredB A 4．How did people defeat “King Cholera”？ ______
A．By not polluting the river again.
B．By eating healthy diets.
C．By delivering the water from other rivers.
D．By stopping drinking the polluted water.
5．What’s the main idea of the passage？ ______
A．John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
B．The cause of cholera was the polluted water.
C．The source of all drinking water supplies should be examined.
D．How John Snow found the cause of cholera and defeated it.D D
(Ⅱ)课文语法填空
In the times of Queen Victoria，cholera，a deadly disease，hit London，which often resulted in large numbers of 1. __________ (dead)．John Snow，a then well-known doctor，became 2. ____________ (inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people who 3. _______________ (expose) to cholera，John Snow thought 4. _______ most important was to find its cause.He got interested in two theories 5. ______________ (explain) how cholera killed people. deaths inspired were exposed the explaining
He believed in the second theory 6. ________ suggested people absorbed the disease with their meals.He began to gather information and made a map，on which he marked 7. _________ the victims (受害者) had lived.As a result，he found out that the 8. ____________ (pollute) water was the cause of cholera and suggested that the source of all water supplies 9. ______________ (examine) immediately.Finally “King Cholera”10. _______________ (defeat)．that where polluted be examined was defeated 寻规巧记词合 作 探 究①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
当他的演讲结束时，威利邀请全班同学称赞他。
②The expert came to the conclusion that there were many people infected with cholera.
这位专家得出了结论：许多人感染了霍乱。
③In conclusion，I’d like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
最后，我想说我今天过得很开心。 核 心 词 汇1．conclusion n．结论 reach/make/draw/arrive at/come to a conclusion得出结论
in conclusion最后；总之
bring sth.to a conclusion使……结束
lead to a conclusion得出结论
jump/leap to conclusions匆忙下结论
conclude vt.&vi.结束；得出结论；断定①They came to the conclusion that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace.
他们断定是小偷偷走了他们的钻石项链。
②In conclusion，I think there is hope for the future.
总之，我认为将来还有希望。
③We will conclude our concert with the National Anthem.
我们将以国歌结束我们的音乐会。
④From the evidence I must conclude that you are wrong.
从证据看，我敢断定你错了。补全句子
①他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”结束了他的演讲。
He concluded his speech ________ a famous saying：Where there is a will，there is a way.
单句语法填空
②He drew the ______________ (conclude)by building on his own investigation.
③ ______________ (conclude)，we have full confidence in an even brighter future of Asia.Let’s work together to make it a reality.
④In ______________ (conclude)，with his extra evidence，we can draw a conclusion with certainty.with conclusion To conclude conclusion ①We analysed the causes of our failure.
我们分析了失败的原因。
②By analysing the parts of the sentence we can learn more about English grammar.
通过分析句子成分我们就能了解更多的英语语法知识。
③He tried to analyse his feelings.
他试图分析自己的感情。
注意：analyse是英式英语的写法，美式英语中写作analyze。2．analyse vt.分析，剖析analysis n．分析；(成分)分析 (pl.)analyses
in the last/final analysis总之，归根结底①You can ask for a chemical analysis of your tap water.
你可以要求给你的自来水作化学分析。
②In the final analysis，it’s a matter of personal choice.
归根结底，这是个人的选择。补全句子
对这个问题，我们要抓紧调查研究，作出正确的分析。
We must investigate and study this question right away and ______________________.analyse it correctly (1)v.打败；战胜；使受挫
①The army was well-trained and well-armed，and had little difficulty defeating the enemy.
这支部队装备精良而且又受过良好的训练，打败敌人没有困难。
②Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome，she never let her problems defeat her.
虽然有许多困难要克服，但她从不让困难打败自己。
(2)n.失败
Tom suffered defeat in the English examination.
汤姆英语考试失败了。3．defeat v．&n.win，defeat，beat①Hard work won him the first prize in the music competition.
艰苦努力使他在这场音乐比赛中获得了一等奖。
②We beat their team by 10 points.
我们以10分的优势战胜了他们队。
③The Americans defeated the British in 1781.
美国人在1781年打败了英国人。一句多译
这一次我们的足球队战胜了他们的足球队。
①Our football team __________________ this time.(defeat)
②Our football team ______________ this time.(beat)
选词填空(win，beat，defeat)
③(2019·江苏卷)A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can’t _______ an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
解析：句意：黑猩猩无法在与现代人的争论中获胜，但却能把人像布娃娃一样撕成碎片。win an argument“争论中获胜”。defeated theirs beat theirs win
④At the school sports meeting，my class _________________ Class 3 and _______ the basketball match.
单句改错
⑤How will you win him in such a close game?
____________________
⑥They lost heart after they defeated in the election.
__________________beat/defeated won win→beat/defeat 在they后加were (1)看护，照顾
There was no one to attend him but Tian.
除了Tian外，没有人照顾他。
(2)出席，参加
①Will you attend the wedding ceremony tomorrow?
你要参加明天的结婚典礼吗？
②(2019·北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter?
你上的大学的名字真的重要吗？4．attend v.(3)经常去，定期去(某处)
Our children attend the same school.
我们的孩子上同一所学校。
注意：作“照顾，护理”讲时，可用attend，也可用attend on/upon；作“出席，参加”讲时，attend多作及物动词。多义：attend[at-(ad-，向)＋tend(伸)]原义“伸向”：心向着某人或某事为“注意，照顾”；脚步向着某一地方为“出席，参加”。attendance n．出席，到场；出席人数；照顾，护理
attendant n．服务人员，侍者 adj.伴随的attend，join，join in，take part inI attended the meeting at which some Young Pioneers were accepted to join the League，all of whom made up their minds to take an active part in school activities and entered the coming round-the-city race.
我参加了少先队员的入队宣誓大会。大家都决心积极参加学校各项活动，并报名参加了即将举办的环城赛跑。单句语法填空
①When I got there，he ________________ (attend)a wedding party.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The exhibition had record ______________ (attend), showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
解析：句意：此次展览吸引了创纪录的参观者，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。attendance n．“出席，到场，出席人数”。
was attending attendance 选词填空(join，attend，join in，take part in)
③Usually children are allowed to __________ school when they are six years old.
④The coach asked his assistant to __________ to the large group of journalists waiting for him to announce his training plans.
⑤When did your father ________ the Party?
⑥We can’t wait to _____________________ the game.
⑦I didn’t __________ the meeting yesterday，or I would have ________________________ the discussion.attend attend join take part in/join in attend taken part in/joined in (1)暴露，显露，露出
Their scheme was exposed.
他们的阴谋暴露了。
(2)揭露，揭穿
Lu Xun exposed the evil of the old society in his works.
鲁迅在他的作品中揭露了旧社会的罪恶。5．expose v.
(3)使接触，使体验
The student has been exposed to English for some six years.
这个学生接触英语六年左右了。
(4)使面临，使遭受(危险或不快)
Do not expose your babies to strong sunlight.
不要让婴儿受到强烈的日光照射。
expose...to...使……暴露于……；使遭受
be exposed to暴露于；接触
expose sb./sth.(as sth.)揭露……(为……)
exposed adj.暴露的，无遮蔽的；无保护的She was left feeling exposed and vulnerable.
她感到自己孤立无助，非常脆弱。
注意：expose的过去分词用作状语时，强调主句的主语处于无遮蔽的状态，相当于“主语＋be＋exposed to sth.”。单句语法填空
①Children ___________ (expose)to difficult situations are better at handling those challenges.
② ________________ (expose)to the sunlight for too long will do harm to your skin.
补全句子
③Young people may risk going deaf if they ________________ (暴露于)very loud music every day.
④The more one _______________ (接触)the English-speaking environment，the better he or she will learn the language.exposed Being exposed are exposed to is exposed to (1)n.治愈，痊愈
①Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道其起因，也不知道其治疗方法。
②There is no cure for AIDS at present.
目前仍没有治愈艾滋病的良药。
(2)vt.治愈，治疗
①I’m sure the pure girl’s wound will be cured.
我确定这个纯洁的女孩的伤会被治愈的。
②That fatal disease can’t be cured.
那种致命的疾病治不好。6．cure n．&vt.cure sb.of＋疾病名称 治愈某人的疾病
cure sb.of＋不良行为 矫正某人的不良行为①The doctors cured her of cancer.
医生治好了她的癌症。
②She tried every means to cure her child of the bad habit.
她想尽一切办法试图改掉她孩子的这个恶习。cure，treat，heal，recover
这些动词都有“治疗，医治”之意，但是cure主要指治愈疾病；treat指接收并诊治病人，只强调过程，不强调结果是否“痊愈”；heal侧重指治愈伤口、伤痛，如灼伤等；recover意为“痊愈，复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。
①90% of patients can be cured of the disease.
90%的患有这种疾病的人都可以痊愈。
②As soon as he was sent to the hospital，the doctors began to treat his disease.
他一被送到医院，医生们就开始治疗他的疾病了。
③It took three months for my arm to heal properly.
我胳膊上的伤口过了三个月才愈合。
④He’s now fully recovered from his bad cold.
他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了。
单句语法填空
①—Your son is naughty.
—Eh，and in addition，he has got into some bad habits.I think I should cure him ______ them.
解析：此处表示“我想我应该要改掉他的坏习惯”，cure sb.of sth.“矫正某人的不良行为”，是固定用法。
of
单句改错
②The doctor devoted himself to curing the patients from cancer.
____________
③Now doctors believe they have cured him the disease.
_____________
④Many people believe that prison isn’t a cure of crime.
___________from→of
him后加of
of→for (1)吸收(液体、气体等)
Aspirin is quickly absorbed into the body.
阿司匹林很快被身体吸收了。
(2)使并入，吞并，同化
The surrounding villages have been absorbed by/into the growing city.
周围的村庄已经并入了那不断扩展的城市。7．absorb v.(3)理解，掌握
Children absorb knowledge quickly.
孩子接受知识快。
(4)吸引全部注意力，使全神贯注
This work had absorbed him for several years.
这项工作曾使他沉迷了好几年。
absorbed adj.集中精神的
absorbing adj.引人入胜的
be absorbed in全神贯注于，专心致志于①He was absorbed in writing a letter and didn’t even look up when I came in.
他在聚精会神地写信，当我进来时他甚至都没有抬头。
②The novel was so absorbing that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep.
这本小说非常引人入胜，她一口气读了下去，甚至废寝忘食。温馨提示：英语中有一类词如absorbed，devoted，determined等虽然形式上为过去分词，但是已演化为形容词，在句中可以作定语、表语或状语，其位于句首作状语的用法是高考考查的重点。单句语法填空
①Mary lay on the sofa， ____________ (absorb)in her book.
解析：句意：玛丽躺在沙发上专心致志地看书。此处是absorbed in...作状语，absorbed是过去分词式形容词，意为“专心的，全神贯注的”，不要误用absorbing。
②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)These kids are so ____________ (absorb) in their studies that I just sit back.
解析：句意：这些孩子专心学习，我只好坐着不动。be absorbed in“全神贯注于，专心致志于”。absorbed absorbed
单句改错
③Tom was so absorbing in reading that he went without his dinner.
_______________________
④Absorbing in his work，Tom didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.
_______________________absorbing→absorbed Absorbing→Absorbed (1)severe (on/with sb.)严厉的，重的
I think you are too severe on the boy.
我认为你对那个男孩子太严厉了。
(2)十分严重的
There is severe shortage of fuel.
燃料严重短缺。8．severe adj.(3)严厉的，苛刻的
His severe look frightened me.
他严厉的表情使我恐慌。
(4)艰难的，艰巨的，难度很大的
The pace of the race was too severe to be maintained for long.
比赛的速度极快，很难持久。单句语法填空
①We must not be too severe ______ her.After all，she is still a child.
解析：句意：我们对她千万不要太严厉。她毕竟还是个孩子。severe用于人时表示“严格的；严厉的”，常用于be severe on sb.搭配，符合题意。
选词填空
②Mankind is facing __________ (severe/crazy)challenges in the seeking of development because of energy and food shortage and poverty.
解析：句意：因为能源、食物短缺和贫困，人类在追求发展的同时面临严峻挑战。severe“严重的；严峻的”，符合题意。crazy“疯狂的”。on severe (1)vt.责备，谴责
①Don’t blame me for that; it’s not my fault.
不要因为那件事责怪我，那不是我的错。
②He always blamed that fault on me.
他总是把那个错归咎在我身上。
(2)n.过失，责备
Why do you always put/lay the blame for everything that goes wrong on me?
为什么一有事你总认为是我的过失？9．blame vt.&n.(1)be to blame(for sth.)对(坏事)负有责任
Which driver was to blame for the accident?
这事故是哪个司机的责任？
(2)bear/take/accept/get the blame(for sth.)(对某事)承担责任
The government will have to take the blame for the riots.
政府将不得不对骚乱承担责任。
(3)lay/put the blame(for sth.)on sb.＝blame sb.for sth.把某事归咎于某人
We shouldn’t lay the blame for our failure on him.
我们不应该把失败归咎于他。blame，scold
①When he arrived late，Mr.Drake blamed the bad traffic.
由于德雷克迟到了，他抱怨糟糕的交通。
②He was scolded for being lazy.
他因懒惰而受到斥责。补全句子
①(2019·北京卷)谁应该为机器人电话的问题负责？
Who ________________ the Problem of Robocalls?
②如果发生那样的事，教练将对此负责。
If that happens，the coach _______________________ it.
单句改错
③It is he not you that is to be blame.__________
④The boss blamed the accident in me.__________ is to blame for will take the blame for 删去be in→on ①Bicycling is good exercise；besides，it does not pollute the air.
骑自行车是好的运动方式；此外，它不会污染大气。
②We are investigating what polluted children’s minds.
我们正在调查是什么毒害了孩子们的思想。10．pollute vt.污染，弄脏；腐蚀polluted air/water/rivers受了污染的空气/水/河流
heavily/seriously/severely polluted严重污染的
air/water/soil pollution空气/水/土壤污染
reduce pollution减少污染
a source of pollution一种污染源单句语法填空
①Parents are afraid that their children’s minds will ______________ (pollute) with the violence that they see on television.
解析：句意：父母担心电视上的暴力行为会对孩子产生精神上的污染。pollute“污染，弄脏”。根据句意，应填被动语态形式。
②Though ____________ (pollute) a little，the river is still safe and comfortable to swim in.be polluted polluted (1)n.[C]柄；把手
turn the handle转动把手
a knife with a carved wooden handle一把带雕花木柄的刀
get a handle on sth.弄懂某事11．handle n．&vt.(2)vt.处理；操纵；触，拿
①The police are expert at handling situations like this in strict confidence.
警察处理这类事情很内行，可以绝对保密。
②The pilot knows how to handle a plane.
飞行员知道如何操作飞机。
③The suspect said he had never handled a gun before.
犯罪嫌疑人说他以前从未碰过枪。
get/have a handle on sb./sth.弄懂，理解，搞明白
give sb.a handle (on sth.)(使)弄懂，理解，明白①I can’t get a handle on these sales figures.
我真搞不懂这些销售数字。
②I was finally given a handle on the true nature of the problem.
最终我能够理解这个问题的实质。单句语法填空
①The speaker was roughly ___________ (handle)by the audience.
翻译句子
②他不知道如何操作那台机器。(handle)
__________________________________________ handled He doesn’t know how to handle that machine. (1)vt.连接；联系
①The highway link Shanghai to/with Beijing.
这条公路连接着上海和北京。
②The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接起来。
(2)n.环；连接；联系；纽带
A lot of links fitted together form a chain.
许多链环连在一起组成链条。12．link vt.&n.join，connect，combine
(1)join指的是任何事物的直接连接，连接的程度可紧可松，含有“还能分开”之意，常用结构join...to，join up。
(2)connect指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来，事物的特征还保持着，常表示与技术有关的连接以及火车、飞机等实行联运，常用结构connect...with/to。
(3)combine着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合在一起，结合后原来的部分可能仍不改变，但也可能失去其本性，常用结构combine...with。
①Please join this pole to that one.
请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来。
②This flight connects with the New York one.
这班飞机在纽约可接上另一趟航班。
③We should combine theory with practice.
我们应该理论联系实际。单句语法填空
①A direct air route ___________ (link)Chongqing and San Francisco is expected to open next month.
解析：句意：从重庆直飞旧金山的航班有望在下个月开通。link...and...意为“连接……和……”，设空处作后置定语，且air route与link之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词形式。
②Television stations around the world _____________ (link)by satellite.
解析：句意：全世界的电视台通过卫星联系在一起。link为及物动词，根据语境可知此处应该用被动语态。linking are linked
补全句子
③经过调查，警方把这起事故与超速驾驶联系起来。
After the investigation，the police ___________________________________.
④令我们最困惑的是这两起事故密切相关。
What puzzles us most is that the two accidents ___________________ _________.
⑤警方怀疑这两起谋杀案可能有联系。
The police suspected that ___________________ between the two murders.
linked the accident to speed driving are closely linked together there may be a link ①The government announced the plan to the media yesterday.
昨天政府向媒体宣布了其计划。
②The bright flowers and warm winds announced that spring was here.
鲜艳的花朵和暖和的风已表明春天到来了。13．announce v．宣布；通告announcement n．(一项)公告，布告，通告；(指行动)宣布，宣告①The government’s announcement is seen as a move towards settling the strike.
政府的通告已被视为迈向解决罢工问题的一步。
②Our cook’s sudden announcement that she was leaving took us quite by surprise.
我们的厨师突然说要离去，这使我们非常惊奇。announce，declareIt was announced that they passed the exam.
据宣告他们通过了考试。
I declared my plan at the meeting.
我在会议上宣布了我的计划。单句语法填空
① ______ was announced that only when the terrible disease was under control would the residents decide to return to their homes.
②The prime minister is making an important ________________ (announce)at the moment.
③The news was announced ________ (be)true.
④Soon Germany declared war ______ France.It announcement to be on
补全句子
⑤We __________________________ Flight 968 to Beijing is delayed.
我们很遗憾地通知大家，飞往北京的968次航班晚点了。
⑥He _____________________________ the result of the contest.
他向参赛者宣布竞赛结果。
are sorry to announce that announced to the competitors (1)命令；指示；教导
①The young should not instruct their elders.
年轻人不应该对老年人发号施令。
②Greater effort is needed to instruct children in road safety.
在指导儿童交通安全方面需要更大的努力。
注意：instruct作“命令；吩咐；指令”讲时，后面的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。14．instruct v.(2)通知，告知
①I instructed my lawyer that I wanted to sell the house.
我通知我的律师我想卖掉这所房子。
②We are instructed by our clients that you owe them ￡300.
我们的委托人通知我们说你欠他们300英镑。(1)instruction n．[C，常pl.]指导；指令；操作指南
①They had carried out my instructions to the letter.
他们严格地按我的指示把事办了。
②The instructions for assembling the toy are very clear.
如何组装玩具的说明非常清楚明了。
(2)instructor教练；导师；大学讲师
①The driving instructor told me to pull up at the post office.
驾驶教练让我在邮局停车。
②The college jumped him from instructor to full professor.
大学突然把他从讲师提升为正教授。单句语法填空
①I instructed that my daughter _________________ (get) rid of the bad habit of getting up late.
②Please read the ________________ (instruct)on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
③The story our teacher told us was moving and _______________ (instruct)as well.
④I’ve been instructed __________ (wait)here until the teacher arrives.
⑤It is the most _______________ (instruct)lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.(should)get instructions instructive to wait instructive (1)vt.怀疑；认为
①Never employ the man you suspect，nor suspect the man you employ.
[谚语]疑人不用，用人不疑。
②What makes you suspect him of stealing the money?
你凭什么怀疑钱是他偷的？15．suspect vt.&n.
(a)I suspect him of the thief.＝
(b)I suspect him to be the thief.＝
(c)I suspect that he is the thief.
我怀疑他就是那个小偷。(2)n. [C]犯罪嫌疑人
He is a prime suspect in the murder case.
他是这次谋杀案的主要怀疑对象。
单句语法填空
①Nobody wants to make friends with the boy _____________ (suspect)of having stolen the money.
②The police suspected ________ the witness had given false evidence.
③From the look on his face，I suspect him ________ (be)ill.
④The girl’s necklace was missing.It seemed that she suspected me ______ stealing it.suspected that to be of ①She put forward a constructive suggestion at the meeting.
她在会议上提出了一条建设性的建议。
②Put your watch forward; you are five minutes slow.
把你的手表往前拨；你的表慢了5分钟。重 点 短 语1．put forward提出(意见、建议、计划等)；提前；把(时钟指针)往前拨；推荐，提名put...away把……收拾好
put(...) down平息(叛乱等)
put off推迟；除去，消除
put on穿上(衣服)
put out扑灭(火)；关灯；发表
put through接通(电话)
put up挂起；张贴
put up with忍受①Finishing my homework，I put away my books and pens and come out to play with my sister.
完成家庭作业后，我就把我的书本和铅笔收拾起来，出去和我的妹妹玩耍。
②Firemen tried their best to put out the big fire.
消防员们竭尽全力去扑灭大火。
③Can you put me through to your manager？I have something urgent to say to him.
给我接通你们经理的电话好吗？我有一些紧急的事情要跟他说。
④Remember to put down the important points you’ll hear，please.
请记得把你将听到的要点记下来。单句语法填空
①John Snow put ___________ a suggestion that people not be exposed to polluted water.
解析：题中suggestion后接同位语从句，从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略，所以从句谓语用了not be...。
forward
②Our sports meeting has been put _______ till next month because of the bad weather.
③They put ______ a notice there，saying，“Keep off the grass”．
④How can you put up ________ such a rude person for so long a time?
补全句子
⑤Not everyone attending the meeting agreed to the _____________________ _________________ (主席提出的建议)．off up with suggestion put forward by the chairman (1)调查，审查
①Next，John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.
另外，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。
②His disappearance is being looked into by the police.
警察正在调查他失踪一事。2．look into(2)向……的里面看
①He looked into the box but found nothing.
他往盒子里看了看，但什么也没发现。
②The girl stood on a chair，looking into the room.
那女孩站在椅子上向屋里看。
(3)浏览
I usually look into the book before deciding whether to read it.
我通常先把书浏览一下才决定是否看它。look on 观看；面向；旁观；看待
look over 从……上面看；察看；检查
look round 环顾；观光；察看
look through 看穿；审核；浏览；温习；从……中显露
look up 向上看；尊敬；仰望；查寻
look up and down 仔细打量(某人)
look up to 尊敬；仰望
look out 当心；留神；看守
look after 目送；寻求；照顾；关心
look back 回顾；倒退用look短语填空
①They have ______________ the cause of the accident，but the result is still not known to us.
②—Look _______ ！The light is still on.
—It doesn’t matter.I wear rubber gloves.
③I often __________ the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet.looked into out look up (1)explaining how...是分词作定语，修饰book，相当于一个定语从句：which explained how...
①There was a letter on the door saying “wait for you at the school gate at 7∶30 tonight”．
门上有张纸条，写着“今晚7∶30在校门口等你”。
②Do you know the old man standing over there?
你认识站在那儿的那个老头吗？难 点 解 析1．Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?
谁写了一本书，解释动植物是怎样随着环境变化而进化的？(2)as the environment changed 意为“随着环境的变化”。
注意as作连词的用法：
①像，如同；同等的程度或数量，常与副词so，as组成so/as...as。
The situation is not so bad as you suggest.
情形不像你说的那样糟。
②以同样方式，以同样方法
Think as I think.
像我这样去想。
③同时；当……时候
I slipped on the ice as I ran home.
我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。④由于，因为
I went to bed early，as I was exhausted.
我睡得早，因为我筋疲力尽了。
⑤虽然；尽管，引导让步状语从句(形容词、副词、动词等放在句首，而as置于其后)
Strange as it may seem，nobody was injured in the accident.
这次意外虽然显得令人不可思议，却没有人受伤。
⑥(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences.
尽管这些酷孩子们看上去很令人羡慕，但Prinstein博士的研究显示出了令人不快的后果。单句语法填空
①(高考真题改编)The national park has a large collection of wildlife， ___________ (range)from butterflies to elephants.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故填ranging。
②(高考真题改编) ______ the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.
解析：考查连词。句意：随着人口平均年龄的增长，越来越多的老人要照顾。as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。ranging As ③Hot _____________ the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
解析：句意：虽然晚上很热，但因长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。as“虽然”，引导让步状语从句时，要将表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。空格处也可以填though，但不能填although。as/though keep miners safe是“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。在此结构中，用作宾补的结构除了形容词以外，还有现在分词、过去分词、介词短语以及副词。注意：在此结构中不采用不定式(短语)。keep表示“保持或继续处于……的状态”。
①These toys will help to keep the baby amused.
这些玩具能让这个婴儿一直很快乐。(过去分词)
②Sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
对不起，让你久等了。(现在分词)2．Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?
谁发明了使矿工在地下安全工作的矿灯？③Good food keeps you healthy.
好的饮食使你身体健康。(形容词)
④He always keeps the car in good condition.
他一直使车处于良好状况。(介词短语)
⑤An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
[谚]一天一个苹果，医生不上门(比喻不生病)。(副词)
注意：宾补部分都可以用作表语，可以变式为“宾语＋系动词＋宾补(表语)”的结构。单句语法填空
“Bill，keep the things _____________ (discuss)here secret，”said the manager after the meeting.
解析：句意：经理会后说：“比尔，对于我们在这里讨论的事情要保密。”由语境after the meeting可知，此处应该用动词的过去分词discussed作后置定语，修饰the things，表示被动和完成。discussed (1)neither...nor...“既不……也不……”用来连接两个并列成分。如果连接的是两个并列主语，谓语动词的单复数遵循“邻近原则”，即与最近的主语的单复数保持一致。
①Neither my parents nor I was there.
我父母和我都不在那儿。
②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
没有动力，你既无法设定目标，也无法实现目标。3．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
(2)neither...nor...可连接两个平行结构。连接两个分句时，两个分句都需倒装。
Neither could theory do without practice，nor could practice do without theory.
理论没有实践不行，实践没有理论也不行。
使用就近原则的还有：either...or...或者……或者……；not only...but also...不仅……而且……；...or...……或者……；not...but...不是……而是……。①Either you or your father is to take part in the activity.
你或是你的父亲要参加这项活动。
②Not only Tom but also you are selected to be an exchange student to study abroad.
不仅Tom，你也被选为交换生去国外学习了。
③Not the passengers but the driver was to blame.
不是乘客而是司机应该受到责备。单句语法填空
①Neither his parents nor he ______________ (visit)his grandparents so far this month.
②Not only the students but also the teacher ______ (be) interested in playing football.
补全句子
③我父母亲和我妹妹都不喜欢游泳。
Neither my parents nor my sister _________ swimming.
④不但他而且我要去中国。
Not only he but also I __________________.has visited is likes am going to China every time (that)在本句中担任从属连词，引导时间状语从句。
①Every time I come to Beijing I would like to eat roast Beijing duck.
我每次来北京，都要去吃北京烤鸭。
②Every time I meet her，she smiles and says hello to me.
每次我见到她，她都笑着向我问好。4．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。1)可以用作连词引导时间状语从句的名词短语有以下三类：
(1)表示习惯、经常性：every time，each time，next time，the first/second.../last time等；
(2)表示瞬间变化，意为“一……就……”：the moment，the minute，the instant，the second等；
(3)表示具体时间，意为“……的那天/那年/……”：the day，the week，the month，the year，the spring，the summer，the autumn，the winter等。
①The moment they heard the shout for help，they rushed out.
他们一听到呼救声就冲了出去。
②Next time you come in，please close the door.
下次进来的时候，请把门关上。
2)directly，immediately，instantly等副词也可以引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as。
You must show the gentleman in immediately he comes.
这位绅士一来，你就立即带他进来。3)介词on/upon＋v-ing或具有动作含义的名词，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
①Some magazines pay on acceptance，others on publication.
一些杂志采用稿件后即付稿酬，另外一些则要到发表后才付。
②On my return from work，I saw the door was open.
我下班回家时，看见门开着。
补全句子
①第一次参加比赛时，你感到紧张是很正常的。
________________ you take part in a race，it is very normal to feel tense.
②我一看见迈克就认出了他。
I recognized Mike _________________________ I saw him.The first time the moment/minute/instant 该句使用了not/never...until...句式，意为“直到……才……”。该句式中的主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。
①—Was his father strict with him when he was at school?
他在上学时，他父亲对他要求严格吗？
—Yes.He had never praised him until he became one of the top students in his grade.
是的，直到他成为年级中拔尖的学生他父亲才表扬他。5．He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.
他知道只有找到霍乱的病因，才能将其控制住。②He’ll never give up until his life comes to end.
他直到死才会放弃。(他永不放弃，直到生命结束。)
③We usually don’t have supper until my husband comes back.
我们通常直到我丈夫回来才吃晚饭。
注意：当not until引导的时间状语位于句首时，主句用部分倒装结构。
Not until I finished my work did I go home yesterday.
昨天我直到干完工作才回家。对not...until引起的句子进行强调时，要把not提前，即It is/was not until...that...。I didn’t recognize her until she took off her sunglasses.
→It was not until she took off her sunglasses that I recognized her.
直到她把太阳镜摘下来，我才认出她来。单句语法填空
①(高考真题改编)If you don’t understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people _________ you figure it out.
解析：考查连词。句意：如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会研究，学习和他人探讨直到你解决为止。根据句意可知填until。
until ②(高考真题改编)Not until recently _______ they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
解析：考查部分倒装。句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。当not until所引导的时间状语放在句首时，主句要使用部分倒装。
③(高考真题改编)Not until he went through real hardship ________________ (realize)the love we have for our families is important.
解析：考查not until的倒装语序。句意：直到他经历了真正的友谊才意识到我们对我们的家庭所拥有的爱是重要的。not until置于句首，主句使用部分倒装语序；realize动作与went同时发生，故填did he realize。did did he realize 该句中的suggest意为“表明；暗示”，其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气，动词用所需时态。
①The smile on his face suggested that he was glad to give his life for his country.
他脸上的微笑表明他愿意为祖国献出生命。
②Are you suggesting (that) I’m lazy?
你言下之意是说我很懒？6．The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
第二种(看法)是人们在进食时把这种病(毒)引入体内的。(1)suggest意为“建议”，后接从句作宾语时，宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词要用should do，should可以省略。
①I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way.
我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。
②He suggested that we sit down to work out a practical solution.
他建议我们坐下来拟定一个实际的解决办法。(2)suggest后接动词时要用-ing形式。
The headmaster suggested putting off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.
由于天气不好，校长建议推迟运动会。
His sleepy look suggested that the man was tired from his work and we suggested he (should)have a rest.
他困倦的表情显示这个人工作累了。我们建议他休息一下。单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷)Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question ___________________________________ (suggest)that，for most students，it doesn’t.
解析：句意：你上的大学的名字真的重要吗？关于此问题的研究表明，对大多数学生来说，这并不重要。suggest 意为“表明；暗示”。
suggests/suggested/has suggested ②All the evidence suggested that Tom _______ (be)to blame.
③He suggested to Tom that he ______________________ (struggle) to overcome his shyness in public.
④My suggestion is that he __________________ (tell) his parents about it.
补全句子
⑤是杂志上的一篇文章使我产生这个想法的。
It was a magazine article that ________________________.
⑥我们向她提议在下星期天去野餐。
We ______________________ we should go on a picnic the following Sunday.was (should)struggle (should)tell suggested the idea to me suggested to her that 巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业Unit 1 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．Work has been begun on the c __onstruction__ of the new airport.
2．This book c __ontributes__ to our understanding of his theory.
3．Who is r __esponsible__ for the accident?
4．The __firework__ (烟花) exploded with a loud bang.
5．Computer users from around the world reported that the __virus__ (病毒) had invaded their systems.
6．He __foresaw__ (预料) that his journey would be delayed by bad weather.
7．In c __onclusion__，wish all of you good health and a long life.
8．He is an __expert__ (专家)on modern literature.
9．Bicycling is a good exercise；moreover，it doesn’t __pollute__ (污染)the air.
10．After everyone was seated，the chairman started to __announce__ (宣布)his plan.
Ⅱ．用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Richard felt __satisfied__ with their __satisfying__ service at the hotel.(satisfy)
2．The movie was __moving__.Rose was greatly __moved__.(move)
3．Sophia wasn’t __discouraged__ though the answer was __discouraging__.(discourage)
4．David was __fascinated__ by the __fascinating__ buildings in the old city.(fascinate)
5．Nina was __disturbed__ because there had been several __disturbing__ phone calls.(disturb)
Ⅲ．用适当的介词填空
1．Even now when I think __about__ it I feel pain in my heart.
2．His use of language sets him apart __from__ most other modern writers.
3．After lunch I made my way __to__ the classroom.
4．How can we make room __for__ all the furniture?
5．We are astonished __at__ his ignorance of his duties.
Unit 1 Section Ⅱ
[练案2]
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．The role will be the biggest __challenge__ (挑战) of his acting career.
2．Citizens have demanded a full __enquiry__ (询问)into the government’s handling of the accident.
3．He’s hoping for a __career__ (事业) in the police force.
4．These seats are __reserved__ (保留) for the elderly and women with babies.
5．The new building is under __construction__ (建设)and it will be completed next month.
6．The old man is respected by the people because he has __contributed__ (贡献)a great deal to the country.
7．On the strike of 12， __fireworks__ (烟花)suddenly exploded into the night sky.
8．The UN wants to send food aid to 10 countries in Africa __severely__ (严重地)affected by the drought.
Ⅱ．选词填空
apart from, contribute to, look into, come to an end，be enthusiastic about, make sense, take in，remove... from...，make room for，make up one’s mind
1． __Apart from__ these two books, he has written some plays and film scripts(剧本)．
2．You will be __taken in__ if you believe what the strangers said without thinking.
3．I wrote a letter of complaint, and the company has promised to __look into__ my case.
4．Too much work and too little rest can __contribute to__ illness.
5．(2019·湖北武汉二中月考)It doesn’t __make sense__ to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
6．When you __are enthusiastic about__ what you do, you feel this positive energy.
7．He was __removed from__ the school because he was found stealing in the classroom.
8．(2019·天津新华中学月考)The Spring Festival Gala(春节联欢晚会)always __comes to an end__ after a song called Unforgettable Night.
9．The city will tear down these buildings to __make room for__ the new highway.
10．He has __made up his mind__ to prove that Mary’s argument doesn’t hold water.
Ⅲ．将下列复合句变为简单句
1．Do you know the tower which is located in the heart of the city?
→Do you know the tower __located in the heart of the city__ ?
2．The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to hospital.
→ __The boy injured in the accident__ was taken to hospital.
3．I like eating the food which is frozen.
→I like eating __the frozen food__.
4．There is nothing which has been changed here since I left this town.
→ __There is nothing changed here__ since my leaving this town.
5．The glass cup which was broken was broken by John.
→ __The broken glass cup__ was broken by John.
Ⅳ．阅读理解
A
Here are a few of our favourite entries so far in our “Your Life: The Reader’s Digest Version” contest.After reading these，head over to Facebook and submit your own story about a special moment or lesson that shaped your life.
“There’s Always a John”—By Darla Boyd
My first year of teaching，there was a kid named John in my class.John was difficult to control and he nearly drove me crazy.While talking about him one day，an old teacher put his hand on my shoulder and said，“There will always be a John.Your job is to learn to discover what makes him different and help him succeed.” The next year，there was indeed another John.In the last 20 years，I’ve learned to enjoy all the kids like John.That advice taught me that there is something to appreciate in everyone.
“An Early Key Lesson”—By Elaine West
Before I began my first teaching job，my mother，a teacher of 30 years，gave me a very special gift，five simple words that have had an effect on my entire life: “Make friends with the janitor”．Her wisdom taught me the respect for all types of characters and continues to enrich my life to this day.Just five little words but what an impact they can have when you take them to heart.
“Raising Mommy”—By Jan Davis
Being a mother can always present challenges and rewards.Someone told me early in my parenting career that “Children will teach you everything you need to know.”Being a mother is being raised.Our children become our advisers.Their dreams become our professor，as we are taking notes carefully.The sounds of their laughter and smiles on their faces are a great reward to us or bring us great joy.Their tears remind us that it is okay to fail，wipe the tears away and try again.
文章大意：这是一个竞赛的征文启事。
1．What did the old teacher mean by saying “There will always be a John”？ __A__.
A．There are always difficult students like John.
B．John will always be an ordinary student.
C．It is impossible to change John.
D．John is a very common name.
解析：推理判断题。由“John was difficult to control and he nearly drove me crazy.”和“In the last 20 years，I’ve learned to enjoy all the kids like John.”可知，那位老教师是说班上总会有像John这样难管教的孩子。
2．What did Elaine West’s mother advise her to do？ __C__.
A．Don’t treat students differently.
B．Take care of janitors.
C．Respect people from different backgrounds.
D．Don’t judge people by appearances.
解析：细节理解题。由“Her wisdom taught me the respect for all types of characters...”可知，C项正确。
3．Which of the following would Jan Davis most probably agree with？ __B__.
A．A mother should be given more and more care.
B．A mother improves herself greatly in parenting.
C．Being a mother has more challenges than rewards.
D．Children should realize the dreams of their parents.
解析：推理判断题。由Jan Davis谈到的“Children will teach you everything you need to know.Being a mother is being raised.”可知，她认为培养孩子的过程也是母亲不断提高的过程。
4．The text is most probably a(n) __A__.
A．notice inviting contributions B．introduction to a contest
C．ad for three new books D．poster about a lecture
解析：推理判断题。由文章首段中的“After reading these，head over to Facebook and submit your own story...”可知，这是一则征文启事。
B
(2019·福建宁德高二联考)
Welcome to your future life!
You get up in the morning and look into the mirror.Your face is firm and young-looking.In 2035, medical technology is better than ever.Many people at your age could live to be 150, so at 40, you’re not old at all.And your parents just had an anti-aging (抗衰老的) treatment.Now, all three of you look the same age!
You say to your shirt, “Turn red.” It changes from blue to red.In 2035, “smart clothes” contain particles (粒子) much smaller than the cells in your body.The particles can be programmed to change clothes’ color or pattern.
You walk into the kitchen.You pick up the milk, but a voice says，“You shouldn’t drink that！” Your fridge has read the chip (芯片) that contains information about the milk, and it knows the milk is old.In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.
It’s time to go to work.In 2035, cars drive themselves.Just tell your “smart car” where to go.On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve.Such “smart technology” is all around you.
So will all these things come true? “For new technology to succeed”， says scientist Andrew Zolli，“it has to be so much better that it replaces what we have already.” The Internet is one example—what will be the next.
文章大意：欢迎来到未来的生活，本文作者虚构了2035年的某一天，父母和我们一样年轻，衣服可以自己改变颜色， 每种食物都嵌入了包含了所有该食物信息的芯片。汽车也能无人驾驶。这样智能的科技充满了我们的生活。
5．We can learn from the text that in the future __D__.
A．people will never get old
B．everyone will look the same
C．red will be the most popular color
D．clothes will be able to change their pattern
解析：细节理解题。第二段中提到“The particles can be programmed to change clothes’ color or pattern.”这些粒子被设定可以改变衣服的颜色和图案。故选D。
6．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4？ __C__
A．Milk will be harmful to health.
B．More drinks will be available for sale.
C．Food in the grocery store will carry electronic information.
D．Milk in the grocery store will stay fresh much longer.
解析：推理判断题。第三段“Your fridge has read the chip (芯片) that contains information about the milk , and it Knows the milk is old.In 2035, every article of food in the grocery store has such a chip.”你的冰箱阅读了包含牛奶信息的芯片，2035年，杂货店所有类型的食物都会有一个这样的芯片。故选C。
7．Which of the following is mentioned in the text？ __D__
A．Nothing can replace the Internet.
B．Fridges will know what people need.
C．Jacket sleeves can be used as a guide.
D．Cars will be able to drive automatically.
解析：细节理解题。倒数第二段提到“In 2035, cars drive themselves.”2035年，汽车能够自己驾驶了。故选D。
8．What is the text mainly about？ __B__
A．Food and clothing in 2035.
B．Future technology in everyday life.
C．Medical treatments of the future.
D．The reason for the success of new technology.
解析：主旨大意题。本文以第二人称介绍了未来生活的某一天，从智能的衣服、冰箱、汽车等，描述了未来的科技。故选B。
Ⅴ．语法填空
If you want to acquire knowledge and understanding，you need questions.1. __To__ find answers，you observe the world around you and study the facts，and then consider possible ones and test each to find the right ones.Today we are more accustomed to 2. __depending__ (depend) on the Internet to find the answer，but modern scientists and thinkers are still solving problems with analysis.
In the early 17th century people believed 3. __more__ in religion than in facts.The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge 4. __what__ they had already believed.They preferred to make 5. __assumptions__ (assume) about the world 6. __based__ (base) on the experience of others.
Galileo Galilei proved the scientific idea that the Earth is not the center of the universe，but he was punished by the church with no one 7. __coming__ (come) to his defence.When he proved Aristotle was wrong，people grew angry and put him in prison.Even today，people feel that if someone important and 8. __respected__ (respect) says that something is right，then it must be so.But even a great man was wrong at 9. __times__ (time)．Our understanding of the world is 10. __constantly__ (constant) growing and changing.In other words，we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say，“We know it all.”
文章大意：科学家和思想家不管是过去还是现在，都通过分析来解决问题。
1．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式结构做目的状语，表示“为了……”。
2．解析：考查非谓语动词。be accustomed to“适应”，to为介词，所以后接动词-ing形式。
3．解析：考查比较级。句意：人们更相信宗教而非事实。more...than...意为“是……而不是……”。
4．解析：考查宾语从句。what引导宾语从句，同时在从句中做believe的宾语。
5．解析：考查名词。及物动词make后面需要用名词做宾语，而assumption“假定，假设”是可数名词，所以用复数形式。
6．解析：考查过去分词。based on...为过去分词短语做后置定语，相当于定语从句which were based on...
7．解析：考查with复合结构。此结构中动词需用非谓语形式，no one与come之间为主动关系，故用coming形式。
8．解析：考查形容词。respected为形容词，意为“受尊敬的”，与important并列做someone的定语。
9．解析：考查固定搭配。at times“有时候”，为固定搭配。
10．解析：考查副词。修饰growing and changing需用副词形式，constantly意为“不断地”。
课件59张PPT。Unit 1 Great Scientists Section Ⅱ Learning about Language自 主 预 习Ⅰ．单词速记
1．______________ (vt.)捐赠；捐助
→ ________________ (n.)捐款；捐赠
2．________________ (n.)建设；建筑物
→ _____________ (v.)建设；修建
3．___________ (vt.)鼓励；鼓舞
Ⅱ．短语互译
1．_____________ 除……之外；此外
2．make sure __________________________ contribute
contribution
construction
construct
inspire apart from 确信，确保；查明，核实
Ⅲ．语法感悟
用所给词的恰当形式填空
1．But he became ____________ (inspire)when he thought about helping ordinary people ___________ (expose)to cholera.
2．He became ______________ (interest)in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.
3．From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the ____________ (affect)person died.
inspired exposed interested affected
4．He was ______________ (determine) to find out why.
5．He found that it came from the river ____________ (pollute) by the dirty water from London.
6．With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that ____________ (pollute)water carried the virus.determined polluted polluted 合 作 探 究(1)vt.捐献；贡献；捐助
搭配：contribute...to 把……贡献给……；捐助……给……
We contributed ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund.
我们向地震基金捐赠了5 000英镑。
(2)vt.(给报纸、杂志)撰稿，投稿
He contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
他给这家杂志撰写了许多文章。核 心 词 汇1．contribute(3)vi.有助于；促成
搭配：contribute to 有助于/有益于；导致
①Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health.
新鲜空气和锻炼有益于健康。
②Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?
吸烟会导致肺癌吗？
contribute多层含义
Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.
好多人给那个可怜的孩子捐钱，使他可以重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投到了报社。contribution n．贡献；捐赠
make a contribution/contributions to为……作贡献Everyone should make a contribution to protecting the environment.
每个人都应当为保护环境作贡献。写出下列各句中contribute(...)to 的含义
①Most people contributed something to the new church building.
___________________
②Does drinking polluted water contribute to the disease?
______________
③The poet and writer regularly contributes to a magazine.
______________ 向……捐赠/捐助 导致，促使 向……投稿 单句语法填空
④Edison made great contributions ______ the world.
⑤The Chinese people should make a greater ________________ (contribute)to mankind.
补全句子
⑥依我看，它将有助于我们国家的和平与稳定。
As far as I’m concerned，it will ________________ the peace and stability of our country.
⑦他对太空发展计划已经作出了很大贡献。
_________________________________ the space development programme.to contribution contribute to He has made great contributions to ①The new airport is still under construction.
新机场仍在修建中。
②This is a fine construction.
这是一座完美的建筑。
③A learner’s dictionary should give both the meanings of words and examples of the constructions in which they are used.
学生词典应该既提供词语的含义，又举出应用这些词语的结构的例子。
注意：under construction为固定用法，意思是“修建中”。2．construction n．建设；建筑物；结构construct vt. 建设，修建
construct...from... 用……建造/制作……
construct...(out)of... 由……建成……①The writer constructed the story from memories of her childhood.
这个作家将她童年的回忆串连成这个故事。
②The house was constructed out of wood.
这幢房子是用木头建造的。用construct的正确形式填空
①The road is under ________________.
②It is easier to destroy than _______________.
③The transportation will improve a lot in the mountain village，with two new roads ___________________ in the near future.construction to construct to be constructed (1)～sb.(to sth.)|～sb.to do sth.激励，鼓舞
①His superb play inspired the team to a thrilling 5∶0 win.
他的出色表现使球队士气大振，以5∶0大获全胜。
②Such a development inspired us to work still harder.
这一发展鼓舞我们更努力地工作。3．inspire v.
(2)赋予灵感，激发想法(尤指艺术的或虚构的)；启发，启示
①His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts.
他那高尚的榜样激发我们大家更加努力。
②(2019·天津卷)I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.
这些话听起来很优雅，给了我极大的灵感。(3)～sb.(with sth.)|～sth.(in sb.)使产生(感觉或情感)
①The falling leaves inspired her with sadness.
＝The falling leaves inspired sadness in her.
落叶触动了她的伤感。
②His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me.
＝His encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence.
他的一番鼓励激起了我的信心。
inspired adj.品质优秀的，能力卓越的，借助于灵感创作的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的，激励的，启发灵感的①It’s an inspired work of art.
这是一件得自灵感的艺术作品。
②He is an inspired poet.
他是一位富于灵感的诗人。
③The inspiring music acted on the emotions of the students.
那激昂的音乐使学生们情绪激昂。
④The songs we heard last night were most inspiring.
昨晚我们听的歌曲很令人鼓舞。补全句子
你弹奏的优美的钢琴曲激发了我的灵感。
You ______________ by ___________________ so beautifully.
inspired me playing the piano ①Apart from my parents，I have no one to believe in.
除了我父母，我谁也不相信。(not including my parents)
②Apart from the cost，we need to think about how much time the job will take.
除了成本之外，我们还需要考虑这份工作要用多少时间。(including the cost)重 点 短 语1．apart from除……之外；此外in addition，besides，except，except for，apart from，but
(1)in addition相当于副词besides，表示“另外”；in addition to相当于介词besides。
(2)besides“除……之外(还)”，指在整体中加入一部分。
(3)except从所提到的人或事物中除去，即“从整体中除去一部分”。
(4)except for表示对整体部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正主要部分的作用。
(5)apart from既可表示besides，也可以表示except或except for，还可以表示without的意思。
(6)but在意思上相当于except，但常用在不定代词或疑问词后面。选词填空
① _____________ (apart from/except for)busy schoolwork，the children also have to attend art，music and sports classes in their free time.
②Your composition is good _____________ (except for/besides) a couple of spelling mistakes.
③Nowadays some people choose jobs for other reasons ___________ (except/ besides)the pay.
④He knew nothing about her journey ______________ (except/except that) she was to be away for months.Apart from except for besides except that
补全句子
⑤ _____________ (除了)a couple of kids on the beach，we didn’t see anyone all day.
⑥The restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes _____________________________________________ (除了好的服务)．
Apart from apart from/besides/in addition to good service ①They scored another goal and made sure of victory.
他们又进了一球，确保了胜利。
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give beneficial Vitamin D． To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside.
虽然阳光会老化和伤害我们的皮肤，但它们也能提供有益的维生素D。虽然为了确保你获得足够的维生素D——但仍然需要保护你的皮肤——当你去外面时候，涂防晒霜。
③He looked around to make sure that he was alone.
他往四下看看是不是只有他一个人。2．make sure确信，确保；查明，核实make sure that...确保……
make sure of doing sth.确保做某事
be sure to do sth.一定要做某事；务必要做某事
be sure of (doing) sth.一定会(做)某事；某事肯定会发生
注意：sure通常不用于有形式主语或形式宾语it的句子中，这种情况下一般用certain。
补全句子
①我想晚会六点开始，但是我要打电话问确切了。
I think the party begins at six o’clock but I’ll phone to ____________.
②曝光时间要把握好。
________________ you have the correct time for exposure.make sure Make sure that 单 元 语 法Ⅰ．过去分词作定语
1．作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动意义又表完成意义，但有时仅表示被动意义，不表示时间性。不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成意义。
①The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人正在医院受到良好的照料。(被动意义)
②They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。(完成意义)
③Did you accept the invitation given by the tour guide?
你接受导游的邀请了吗？(被动意义以及完成意义)过去分词作定语和表语
2．过去分词作定语，常常位于其所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常位于其所修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句。given，left等少数过去分词作定语修饰名词时，只能后置。这种置于名词之后的过去分词往往具有暂时性，其动词的性质较强。此外，过去分词修饰由every，some，any等构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，也要放在被修饰词的后面。
①The wounded soldier was looked after carefully.
那位受伤的战士受到了细心的照料。
②Who were the guests invited(＝who had been invited) to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些客人是谁呀？
③Is there anything unsolved?
还有什么问题没有解决吗？
④There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.
自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。
? 1
1)过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。
①The meeting，attended by a lot of people，was a success.
这次会议有很多人出席，开得很成功。
②The book，written(＝which was written)in 1957，tells the struggle of the miners.
这本书是1957年写的，讲述矿工斗争的故事。
2)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，表示人的表情、眼神、眼泪、声音等。这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。
①The frightened boy ran away.
惊恐的男孩跑开了。
②Hearing the encouraging news，the students gave out excited shouts.
听到这令人鼓舞的消息，同学们发出了热烈的欢呼声。
? 2
1)分词、动名词以及不定式在句中担任定语成分的差异：由不及物动词转化而来的现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行，而其过去分词形式则强调动作的完成或其逻辑主语所处的一种状态；由及物动词转化而来的现在分词作定语，强调主动，而其过去分词形式则强调被动或表示状态。注意：分词的完成式不做定语。
①The man standing under the tree is my uncle.
站在树下的那个人是我叔叔。
②The book published in March sells well.
三月份出版的这本书很畅销。2)动名词作定语，说明被修饰的名词的用途。
The soldiers each have a sleeping bag.
战士们每个人都有一个睡袋。
3)不定式作定语
(1)通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。
(2)当名词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，用不定式作后置定语。
①Madam Curie was the first to discover the element radium.
居里夫人是第一个发现镭元素的人。
②I have a lot of work to do.
我有许多事要做。
Ⅱ．过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态或思想感情等，并无“完成”或“被动”之意。
①He looked worried after reading the letter.
看完信后，他显得很忧虑。
②When we heard of the story，we were deeply moved.
当我们听到这个故事时，被深深地感动了。
③He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。 ? 1
常见的作表语的过去分词有：amused (愉快的)；connected (连接的)；broken (碎了的)；closed (关闭的)；astonished (吃惊的)；covered (覆盖的)；crowded (拥挤的)；delighted (高兴的)；disappointed (失望的); dressed (穿着的)；drunk (喝醉的)；experienced (有经验的)；gone (遗失的)；lost (丢失的)；worried (担忧的)；interested (感兴趣的)；tired (疲劳的)；pleased (高兴的); satisfied (满意的); surprised (吃惊的); married (已婚的)；known (著名的)等。? 2
1)现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质和特征；与主语(往往是物)构成逻辑上的主谓关系，译作“令/使人……的”。
①The story is interesting and I am interested in it.
这故事很有趣，我很感兴趣。
②The problem is confusing so the pupils are confused about it.
这个问题很迷惑，因此学生们感到很困惑。
2)动名词作表语是对主语内容的解释，主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。
①His work is cleaning all the windows of the company every day.
他的工作就是每天把公司的窗户擦干净。
②What they are worried about is being left behind.
他们所担心的是被落在后面。
3)不定式作表语，一般紧跟在系动词be，seem，remain，appear，get的后面，用来说明主语的内容。当主语为名词dream，business，wish，idea，plan，job，work，task，duty时，表语也常用不定式，不用动名词。
①The aim is not just to keep busy.
其目的不仅是为了使每个人不闲着。
②He appears to want to leave.
他看来要走。
? 3
1)过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态；而被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成。试比较：
①My glasses are broken.
我的眼镜碎了。(状态)
②My glasses were broken by my son.
我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)
③The library is closed.
图书馆关门了。(系表结构)
④The library is often closed at 6：30 in the afternoon.
图书馆通常在下午6：30关门。(被动语态)
2)有些过去分词用作表语，接近被动结构。
①The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.
这座城三面环山。
②I’m pleased with(by/at)what you said just now.
听了你刚才的话，我很高兴。单句语法填空
1．(2019·天津卷)Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ____________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
解析：考查过去分词作定语。句意：大多数大学现在为一年级学生提供一门专门设计的课程，以帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。course 与design 之间是被动关系。故用过去分词designed.
designed 2．(浙江卷改编·10)To return to the problem of water pollution ，I’d like you to look at a study _____________ (conduct)in Australia in 2012.
解析：考查过去分词作定语。句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。使用非谓语动词作定语，study和conduct是动宾关系，用过去分词作定语。
3．(高考真题改编)In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message __________ (hide)within the work.
解析：考查分词作定语。句意：在文艺批评中，你必须假设艺术家在作品中隐藏了一个秘密信息。hidden within the work相当于定语从句that is hidden within the work。conducted hidden 4．(高考真题改编)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother _________ (take)good care of at home.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，Dr.Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his mother和take care of是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语，所以填taken。
5．(高考真题改编)Much time _________ (spend)sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
解析：考查过去分词的用法。句意：上班族们坐在办公桌前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。taken spent 6．(2019·北京卷)Earth Day， __________ (mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
解析：考查过去分词作定语。句意：4月22日为地球日，是一项旨在提高公众对环境保护的认识的年度活动。mark与Earth Day之间为被动关系，故用marked。
7．(高考真题改编)While waiting for the opportunity to get ____________ (promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty.
解析：考查非谓语动词的固定搭配“get＋过去分词”。如get burnt“被烫伤”，get paid“获得报酬”。本句中的get promoted“获得提拔”。句意：在等待着被提拔的机会的时候，Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。marked promoted 8．(高考真题改编)For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying _____________ (connect)．
解析：考查过去分词。系动词stay/get后面经常接过去分词转换的形容词，如get paid“获得报酬”，get burnt“被烫伤”。本句中的stay connected“保持联系”。
9．(高考真题改编)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ____________ (return)to our shop for quality problems.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：生产商定期来收集因质量问题而退回商店的相机。returned为过去分词，在句中修饰名词cameras，相机与退回为被动关系，故填returned。connected returned
10．(高考真题改编)There are still many problems ______________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：在准备好长期待在月球上之前我们还有许多问题需要解决。根据主语problems和solve之间的逻辑关系和从句的内容可知，这些问题还没有得到解决，故应用不定式表示还未发生的动作。to be solved 单句语法填空
1．China is a ______________ (develop) country and still needs some time to catch up with other _____________ (develop) nations in terms of the economy.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：中国是一个发展中国家，在经济方面仍然需要一段时间赶上其他发达国家。developing“发展中的”；developed“发达的”。developing developed
2．(2019·河南郑州外国语学校期末考试) _____________ (attract) by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
解析：考查动词-ed形式。句意：这个来自伦敦的女孩被自然之美吸引，决定在这个农场再待两天。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词，句子的主语与attract之间在逻辑上是动宾关系，故填Attracted。
3．_______ (lead) by the local guide, we went further into the forest.
解析：考查动词-ed形式作状语。句意：在当地导游的带领下，我们走进了森林深处。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词-ed形式作状语。
Attracted Led
4．____________ (defeat), these brave soldiers still continued to fight.
解析：考查动词-ed形式作状语。句意：虽然被打败了，这些勇敢的战士仍然继续作战。分析句子结构可知，defeat与these brave soldiers之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处应用动词-ed形式作状语，表让步。
5．It was reported that the famous man got ____________ (murder) last year.
解析：考查动词-ed形式作表语。句意：据报道那位名人去年被谋杀了。此处表示被动，应用动词-ed形式作表语。
Defeated murdered 6．(2019·湖南长郡中学期末考试)Watching the __________ (move) film, a great many people，especially girls, had _________ (move) to tears all over their face.
解析：考查非谓语动词和时态。句意：看了这场动人的电影，很多人尤其是女孩被感动得泪流满面。moving“感人的，动人的”，修饰物；根据第二空前的had可知，此空应填动词-ed形式。
7．We were very ___________ (shock) when we heard the ____________ (shock) news.
解析：考查动词-ed形式作表语和动词-ing形式作定语。句意：当我们听到这个令人震惊的消息时我们感到很吃惊。在本句中用shocked表示“震惊的”，指人，shocking属于动词-ing形式作定语，意为“令人震惊的”。moving moved shocked shocking 8．(2019·河北石家庄二中期末考试)She felt rather ______________ (frighten) because the driver drove the car at such a _______________ (frighten) speed.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：她感到很害怕，因为司机以如此吓人的速度开车。frightened意为“受惊的，害怕的”，修饰人；frightening意为“令人害怕的”，修饰物。
9．Look！The students __________ (seat) at the back of the classroom are playing computer games.
解析：考查动词-ed形式作定语。句意：看！坐在教室后面的学生正在玩电脑游戏。seat当动词用时为及物动词，用法为seat sb.意为“让某人就座”，被动形式为be seated，意为“坐着”。在本句中students后缺定语，seated作定语在句中表示坐在教室后面的学生。frightened frightening seated
10．_________ (tire) of the __________ (tire) speech, Mr.Smith started to read a novel.
解析：考查动词-ed形式作原因状语和动词-ing形式作定语。句意：厌倦了令人困倦的演讲，Smith先生开始看小说了。Tired在本句中是动词-ed形式作状语；tiring是动词-ing形式作定语，表示“令人困倦的”。Tired tiring 巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业Unit 1 Section Ⅲ
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．He s __pun__ the wheel sharply and made a sharp turn in the middle of the road.
2．It’s a great pleasure to have such __enthusiastic__ (热情的) group participation in our project.
3．My teacher tells us that we should have a p __ositive__ attitude to life and have hope, no matter what happens.
4．(2019·山西大同一中期末考试)They should be more __cautious__ (谨慎的) about the arrangement of such an activity.
5．Scientists watch the moon to get data about its __movements__ (运动)．
6．It’s said that there is a kind of bird, which is the only one that can fly __backward(s)__ (向后地)．
7．(2019·浙江杭州二中期末考试)We all look forward to the day when scientists can discover more secrets of the __universe__ (宇宙)．
8．After he graduated from that college, he tried to join the army but was r __ejected/efused__.
9．There is a new bridge under c __onstruction__ near our village.
10．Many scientists in the history c __ontributed__ greatly to the development of society.
Ⅱ．选词填空
reject，with，contribute...to...，with caution，only if，make sense，be strict with，under construction，apart from，be enthusiastic about
1． __Apart from__ their house in London，they also have a villa (别墅) in Spain.
2. If you are a teacher，you should __be strict with__ every student.
3．Most of the factories __under construction__ have been designed by Chinese engineers.
4．Though too old to work much，the retired worker __is enthusiastic about__ neighborhood affairs.
5．He __was rejected__ from the factory because of poor health last year.
6．My father __contributed__ a lot of money __to__ the Hope Project.
7． __Only if__ I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.
8．We live in a house __with__ many flowers around it.
9．It __makes sense__ to take care of your health，for it is the most important.
10．The old man stepped down the stairs __with caution__.
Ⅲ．单句改错
1．From the disappointing look on his face，we know that he didn’t pass the exam.
__disappointing→disappointed__
2．The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog followed them.
__followed→following__
3．I found him sitting in his chair，completely absorbing in a magazine.
__absorbing→absorbed__
4．In a conclusion，more and more people prefer to live in the countryside.
__去掉a__
5．Our English teacher is strict with our handwriting.
__with→in__
Unit 1 Section Ⅲ
[练案3]
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．They can c __ontribute__ funds to the reconstruction of Iraq.
2．He was very p ositive__ with a very big heart.
3．A minute later，he saw __movement__ (动作) out of the corner of his eye.
4．We may have to be more __cautious__ (谨慎些 ) with him，especially in the next two months.
5．As the years passed，Marcus seemed to __reject__ (拒绝) all that we’d shared.
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．首相对任何改革体制的想法都不予考虑。
The prime minister __rejected any idea__ of reforming the system.
2．她对陌生人很警惕。
She __is/was cautious of__ strangers.
3．注意身体健康是明智的。
It __makes sense__ to take care of your health.
4．这条小路通往那个教堂。
The path __leads to__ the church.
5．我的老师们对学生要求很严格。
My teachers __are strict with students__.
6．你所捐献的东西将对洪涝灾区的人们非常有用。
__What__ you have __contributed__ will be of great use to the people in the flooded areas.
7．不参加体育锻炼能使人肥胖。
Not taking exercises __contributes to__ people’s obesity.
8．让孩子看这些电视剧有意义吗？
Does it __make sense__ to let children watch such TV plays?
9．只有努力工作，你才能期望得到好的报酬。
Only if you work hard __can you expect__ to get a high pay.
10．由向导带路，我们很快就到达那里。
__With__ the guide __leading__ the way，we got there quickly.
Ⅲ．完形填空
(2019·河北保定一中月考)
I lived closely related to the weather.It is surprising how you 1. __A__ it when you live in it.Not a cloud passed 2. __C__，_not a wind blew untested.When the winds changed and the air 3. __B__ like snow, I would stay in my tree, because I had gotten lost in a 4. __B__ one afternoon.That day the storm was so 5. __C__ that I could not push against that.
However, that 6. __B__ me to stay home when the air said “snow.” Not that I was afraid of being 7. __B__ far from home in a storm, 8. __A__ I could find food and shelter and make a fire anywhere,9. __B__ I had become as 10. __C__ my tree house as a hatching (孵蛋的)bird to her nest.Caught out in the storms and weather, I had an urgent 11. __D__ to return to my tree house, even as the deer to their bushes: We all had our little 12. __B__ in the wilderness.We all fought to 13. __B__ there.
When you don’t have a newspaper or radio to give you the 14. __C__ forecast, watch the birds and animals.They can15. __D__ when a storm is coming.When the nuthatch (五子雀)holed up, I 16. __A__ up, lit my light, and sat by my fire learning new tunes on my reed whistle.I was now really into the 17. __A__ of winter, and quite attracted by its18. __B__.There is no such thing as a 19. __C__ winter night.Not only are many animals 20. __A__ around in the freezing cold, but the trees cry out and branches break and fall, and the wind gets caught in a valley and screams until it dies.
文章大意：这是一篇说明文。作者的生活与天气密切相关，且描述了在暴风雨中作者回到自己依恋的树屋的愿望，学会看鸟和动物判断天气，以及被隆冬时节动物和森林的活动所吸引。
1．A．watch B．know
C．hear D．tell
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你生活在其中的时候，你怎么看它是令人惊讶的。A．watch观看；B．know了解；C．hear听见；D．tell告诉。根据上文“I lived closely related to the weather.”可知是如何看待天气。故选A。
2．A．uncovered B．unexpected
C．unnoticed D．untouched
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有一朵云是不被注意的，没有一股风是未经考验的。A．uncovered裸露的；B．unexpected 意外的；C．unnoticed被忽视的；D．untouched未受影响的。根据上文“Not a cloud passed”可知没有一朵云是不被注意的。故选C。
3．A．looked B．smelled
C．sounded D．saw
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当风变了，空气闻起来像雪的时候，我会待在树上，因为我在一个下午的暴风雨中迷路了。A．looked看起来；B．smelled闻起来；C．sounded听起来；D．saw看见。根据上文“the air”可知空气是闻起来。故选B。
4．A．rain B．storm
C．snow D．wind
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当风变了，空气闻起来像雪的时候，我会待在树上，因为我在一个下午的暴风雨中迷路了。A．rain雨；B．storm暴风雨；C．snow雪；D．wind风。根据下文“That day the storm”可知是暴风雨。故选B。
5．A．late B．light
C．strong D．hot
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天的暴风雨太大了，我无法对抗。A．late晚的；B．light轻的；C．strong强壮的；D．hot热的。根据下文“I could not push against that.”可知暴风雨非常强。故选C。
6．A．heard B．taught
C．drove D．insisted
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这教会了我当空气说“雪”时待在家里。A．heard听见；B．taught教；C．drove驾驶；D．insisted坚持。根据上文“because I had gotten lost in a storm one afternoon.”可知暴风雨教会了作者要待在家里。故选B。
7．A．found B．caught
C．hunt D．missed
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我并不是害怕在暴风雨中被困在离家很远的地方，因为我在任何地方都能找到食物和栖身之处，还能生火，但我对我的树屋的依恋就像一只孵化中的小鸟对她的巢一样。A．found发现；B．caught抓住；陷于；C．hunt打猎；D．missed错过。根据句意可知表示“被困；陷于”，短语为be caught。故选B。
8．A．for B．although
C．if D．unless
解析：考查连接词辨析。句意：我并不是害怕在暴风雨中被困在离家很远的地方，因为我在任何地方都能找到食物和栖身之处，还能生火，但我对我的树屋的依恋就像一只孵化中的小鸟对她的巢一样。A．for因为；B．although尽管；C．if如果；D．unless除非。根据下文“I could find food and shelter and make a fire anywhere”可知是在陈述原因。故选A。
9．A．until B．but
C．that D．since
解析：考查连接词辨析。句意：我并不是害怕在暴风雨中被困在离家很远的地方，因为我在任何地方都能找到食物和栖身之处，还能生火，但我对我的树屋的依恋就像一只孵化中的小鸟对她的巢一样。A．until直到；B．but但是；C．that那个；D．since自从。根据句意上下文为转折关系。故选B。
10．A．familiar to B．tired of
C．attached to D．devoted to
解析：考查短语辨析。句意：我并不是害怕在暴风雨中被困在离家很远的地方，因为我在任何地方都能找到食物和栖身之处，还能生火，但我对我的树屋的依恋就像一只孵化中的小鸟对她的巢一样。A．familiar to熟悉；B．tired of厌烦；C．attached to附属于；依恋；D．devoted to专心于。根据下文“my tree house as a hatching bird to her nest”可知作者非常依恋自己的树屋。故选C。
11．A．love B．situation
C．demand D．desire
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在暴风雨和天气中，我有一种迫切的愿望，想回到我的树屋，就像鹿回到它们的灌木丛中一样：我们都在荒野中有自己的小家园。A．love爱；B．situation情况；C．demand要求；D．desire想要；愿望。根据上文“an urgent”可知是一种迫切的愿望。故选D。
12．A．place B．home
C．tree D．nest
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在暴风雨和天气中，我有一种迫切的愿望，想回到我的树屋，就像鹿回到它们的灌木丛中一样：我们都在荒野中有自己的小家园。A．place地方；B．home家；C．tree树木；D．nest巢。根据上文“to return to my tree house”可知树屋对于作者好像是荒野中自己的小家园。故选B。
13．A．run B．return
C．escape D．climb
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都为回到那里而战。A．run奔跑；B．return回到；C．escape逃跑；D．climb攀爬。根据上文“to return to my tree house”可知是回到那里。故选B。
14．A．news B．animal
C．weather D．danger
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你没有报纸或广播给你天气预报时，看看鸟和动物。A．news新闻；B．animal动物；C．weather天气；D．danger危险。根据下文“forecast”可知是报纸或广播给你天气预报。故选C。
15．A．remind B．explore
C．lie D．tell
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们能告知人们暴风雨什么时候来。A．remind提醒；B．explore探索；C．lie撒谎；D．tell告诉；知道。根据下文“when a storm is coming”可知动物能告知人们暴风雨什么时候来。故选D。
16．A．holed B．turned
C．looked D．put
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当五子雀躲起来时，我就躲起来，点起我的灯，坐在我的炉火旁，用我的芦笛学习新的曲调。A．holed挖洞；B．turned转动；C．looked看着；D．put放。根据下文“lit my light, and sat by my fire learning new tunes on my reed whistle.”可知作者和五子雀一样躲起来点灯坐在炉火旁。hole up“躲藏”。故选A。
17．A．teeth B．face
C．foot D．back
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我现在真的进入了隆冬季节，被它的活动吸引住了。A．teeth牙齿；B．face脸；C．foot脚；D．back后背。短语in the teeth of winter“寒冬腊月”。故选A。
18．A．view B．activity
C．games D．steps
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我现在真的进入了隆冬季节，被它的活动吸引住了。A．view意见；B．activity活动；C．games游戏；D．steps步子。根据下文“but the trees cry out and branches break and fall, and the wind gets caught in a valley and screams until it dies.”可知是描述冬天的活动，可知作者被冬天所有的这些活动吸引了。故选B。
19．A．cold B．lazy
C．still D．sunny
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有所谓的“寂静的冬夜”。A．cold寒冷的；B．lazy懒惰的；C．still静止的；D．sunny晴朗的。根据下文but the trees cry out and branches break and fall, and the wind gets caught in a valley and screams until it dies.可知冬天的夜晚并不是静止的。故选C。
20．A．running B．lying
C．hiding D．sleeping
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：不仅有许多动物在寒冷的天气里跑来跑去，树木也会大声叫喊，树枝折断、掉落，山谷里的风也会刮起来、尖叫，直到停息。A．running奔跑；B．lying躺下；C．hiding隐藏；D．sleeping睡觉。根据下文“around in the freezing cold”可知动物在寒冷的天气里跑来跑去，短语run around“东奔西跑”。故选A。
Ⅳ．阅读理解
As a third-generation native of Brownsville，Texas，Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children，she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success，giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson，has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.According to a study by grandparents.com,83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.
“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents.“We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them，especially when you’re raising children.”
Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices，but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard，especially knowing your adult child is struggling，but giving up the life you know may be harder.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当今美国社会中出现的一种新的趋势：很多老人愿意搬到离子女近的地方居住。
1．Why was Garza’s move a success？ __A__
A．It strengthened her family ties.
B．It improved her living conditions.
C．It enabled her to make more friends.
D．It helped her know more new places.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Today all three generations regard the move as a success，giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities，”可知，Garza搬到离子女家近的地方居住，使他们的家庭关系更加紧密。故选A项。
2．What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinson’s decision？ __D__
A．17% expressed their support for it.
B．Few people responded sympathetically.
C．83% believed it had a bad influence.
D．The majority thought it was a trend.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Two－thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.”可知，越来越多的人会仿照Obama一家的做法：老人搬到离子女近的地方居住。因此，公众认为这将会是一种趋势，D项符合文意。
3．What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s？ __C__
A．They were unsure of themselves.
B．They were eager to raise more children.
C．They wanted to live away from their parents.
D．They had little respect for their grandparents.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段首句中的：“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own...”可知，在20世纪60年代，人们希望自己离开家以此来证明自己的独立。故选C项。
4．What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph？ __A__
A．Make decisions in the best interests of their own.
B．Ask their children to pay more visits to them.
C．Sacrifice for their struggling children.
D．Get to know themselves better.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段首句“Moving is not for everyone.”可知，搬家并不适合每一个人。因此，作者建议人们在做出搬家的决定之前要反复权衡，做出对自己有利的选择。故选A项。
Ⅴ．短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
The new year is coming.Li Hua and I am talking about how to welcome 2019.We can chose to get up late or early enough to watch the sunrise.Undoubtedly, staying lately in bed is comfortable since we prefer waking up naturally to set an alarm clock.And in the case, there is no different from other holidays.To meet the first ray of sunshine of 2019 will leave us an unforgettable moment.Feeling excited, both of them can hardly help smiling.Meanwhile, I wonder we can put our plan into reality.After all, appreciating the sunrise takes the place only on a fine morning.Therefore, whether we can celebrate the new day as planning remains to be seen.
答案：
The new year is coming.Li Hua and I talking about how to welcome 2019.We can to get up late or early enough to watch the sunrise.Undoubtedly, staying in bed is comfortable since we prefer waking up naturally to an alarm clock. in the case, there is no from other holidays.To meet the first ray of sunshine of 2019 will leave us an unforgettable moment.Feeling excited, both of can hardly help smiling.Meanwhile, I wonder we can put our plan into reality.After all, appreciating the sunrise takes the place only on a fine morning.Therefore, whether we can celebrate the new day as remains to be seen.
文章大意：这是一篇说明文。说明了作者和李华迎接新年的计划。
解析：
1．考查主谓一致。句意：李华和我正在谈论如何迎接2019年。根据主语 Li Hua and I 可知助动词用are。故am改为are。
2．考查固定用法。句意：我们可以选择晚起或早起看日出。在情态动词 can 后，用动词原形choose。故chose改为choose。
3．考查形容词。句意：毫无疑问，在床上待到很晚是很舒服的，因为我们更喜欢自然醒而不是设置闹钟。表示“晚起”，系动词staying 后，用形容词late。故lately改为late。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。表示“同做某事相比，更喜欢做某事”，用固定短语 prefer doing...to doing，所以用动名词setting。故set改为setting。
5．考查连词。句意：但是在这种情况下，就和其他节日没有什么不同。和上句是转折关系，所以用But。故And改为But。
6．考查名词。句意同上。做 there is 的主语用名词difference，表示“不同”。故different改为difference。
7．考查人称代词。句意：我们俩都感到很兴奋，禁不住笑了。代指Li Hua and I，用 us做 both of 的宾语。故them改为us。
8．考查连接词。句意：同时，我想知道我们是否能把我们的计划变成现实。本句为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，且表示“是否”，故用if/whether。故wonder后添加if/whether。
9．考查固定短语。句意：毕竟，欣赏日出只发生在一个晴朗的早晨。表示“发生”，用固定短语take place。故去掉the。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，我们是否能按计划庆祝新的一天还有待观察。表示“按计划”，用 as planned，等于as it is planned。故planning改为planned。
课件68张PPT。Unit 1 Great Scientists Section Ⅲ Using Language自 主 预 习
Ⅰ．单词速记
1．_____________ (vt.)建设；修建
→ ________________ (n.)建设；建筑物
2．______________ (vi.& vt.)捐献；贡献；捐助
3．____________ (adj.)积极的；肯定的；确实的
4．____________ (n.)移动；运动；动作
→ ________ (v.)移动，搬动
5．____________ (adv.& adj.)向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)
construct
construction
contribute
positive
movement
move
backward
6．________ (vi.& vt.)(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)
7．_______________ (adj.)热情的；热心的
→ ______________ (n.)热心；热情
8．____________ (adj.)小心的；谨慎的
9．__________ (vt.)拒绝；不接受；抛弃
10．____________ (n.)宇宙；世界
spin
enthusiastic
enthusiasm
cautious
reject
universe
Ⅱ．短语互译
1．come ______ an end 结束
2．apart ________ 除……之外；此外
3．______ one’s own 某人自己的
4．(be) strict ________ 对……严格的
5．lead ______ 导致；通向
6．________ sense 讲得通；有意义
to from of with to make
Ⅲ．句型结构
Only if you put the sun there _______ the movements of the other planets in the sky _____________.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
did make sense
Ⅳ．课文理解
(Ⅰ)阅读课文，回答下列问题
1．What did Nicolaus Copernicus’s mathematical calculations lead to?
_________________________________________________________________
2．Why couldn’t Nicolaus Copernicus tell others about his discovery?
______________________________________________________________________________________
They led to a conclusion that the earth was not the center of the solar system.
Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.
3．Did the Christian Church support Nicolaus Copernicus’s theory?
_________________________________________________
4．How many scientists are mentioned in this passage? Who are they?
______________________________________________________________________________________No，it didn’t.Instead，it rejected his theory.
Four scientists.Nicolaus Copernicus，Isaac Newton，Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.
(Ⅱ)阅读课文，选出最佳答案
1．What made Copernicus frightened and confused？ ______
A．The fact that the earth was the centre of the solar system.
B．The conclusion that the sun was the centre of the solar system.
C．The fact that the earth runs around the sun.
D．The fact that God made the world.B 2．Why didn’t Copernicus publish his theory immediately？ ______
A．Because he didn’t think it complete.
B．Because he was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church.
C．Because his friends forbade him to do so.
D．Because no one supported his ideas.
3．When did Copernicus publish his theory？ ______
A．After his death.
B．Before he told his friends about it.
C．As he lay dying in 1543.
D．Copernicus’ theory was never published.B C 4．All the following make it strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system except that ______.
A．some planets in the sky seemed to stop or move backward
B．some planets in the sky appeared brighter at times and less bright at others
C．some planets in the sky seemed to go forward in a loop
D．the sun goes around the earth
5．What’s the Christian Church’s attitude towards Copernicus’ theory？ ______
A．The Christian Church objected to Copernicus’ theory.
B．The Christian Church was in favor of Copernicus’ theory.
C．The Christian Church paid much attention to the theory.
D．The Christian Church thought highly of Copernicus’ theory.D A 合 作 探 究①He took a step backward to let her pass.
他向后退了一步，让她过去。
②The technology was backward，but the system worked.
虽然技术落后，但系统还有效。核 心 词 汇1．backward adv.& adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)backward(s) and forward(s)来来回回
bend/lean over backwards(to do sth.)(＝make a great effort)尽力，竭力
forward adv.& adj.向前地(的)①She rocked backwards and forwards on her chair.
她坐在摇椅上前后摇晃着。
②Although we bent over backwards to please her，our new manager was still very critical of our work.
尽管我们竭力讨好新经理，但她仍然对我们的工作百般挑剔。③Move forward carefully or you’ll slip.
小心地往前走，不然会滑倒。
④He is forward in his English.
他的英语有进步。补全句子
他的话让她很生气，于是她头也不回地走了。
She went without ___________________ because she got very angry with his words.a backward glance ①His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious.
他的朋友们很热情，鼓励他把想法公之于世，但哥白尼却小心谨慎。
②(2019·北京卷)Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring.
摩尔对她创造的糖果充满热情，她对未来也很乐观。2．enthusiastic adj.热心的；热情的be enthusiastic about sth.对某事很热衷；热爱
be crazy/nuts about sb./sth.对某人很迷恋；对某事很热衷，很狂热
enthusiasm n. 热心；热情；狂热
enthusiast n. 热衷于……的人；爱好者
enthusiastically adv. 热情地；热烈地①He’s always been enthusiastic about sports.
他一直对运动很热衷。
②He’s crazy/nuts about basketball.
他热爱篮球。单句语法填空
①I am less enthusiastic _________ the idea of attending the expert’s lecture on Sunday.
补全句子
②All people attending the meeting ______________________ (对……热心)the plan put forward by Jerry.
about were enthusiastic about ①Losses make us more cautious.
损失使我们更谨慎。
②(2019·天津卷)Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
机会在等待那些持谨慎态度的人。3．cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的caution n．谨慎，小心；警告，告诫
vt.警告，告诫
cautionary adj.劝告的；告诫的
cautiously adv.谨慎地；小心地
cautious，careful
这两个形容词均含有“小心的；谨慎的”之意。
(1)cautious指人因担心某事危险或不明智而缓慢行事或小心谨慎；着重考虑事情的后果，谨慎留意，防止出差错。
People are now more cautious about buying luxuries.
现在人们购买奢侈品都经过认真考虑。
(2)careful侧重做事谨慎、留心，特别注意一些细节地方。其内涵为确保万无一失而做事小心仔细，并非担心害怕。
Be careful not to wake the baby.
注意别吵醒了宝宝。单句语法填空
①I think he is a ____________ (caution)，independent and optimistic person.
解析：句意：我认为他是一个谨慎、独立、乐观的人。所填词作定语，应用形容词。
②The car proceeded over the rickety bridge ________ caution.
解析：句意：汽车小心地在摇晃的桥上前进。此处表示“谨慎，慎重”应用with caution。cautious with
补全句子
③爸爸开车十分小心。
Dad always _____________________.
④她小心翼翼地关上门。
She ______________ closed the door.
drives with caution cautiously (1)vt.拒绝接受(赞同、相信)
①The boy rejected telling us the truth.
这个男孩拒绝对我们说出实情。
②The manager rejected the suggestion that it was time for him to resign.
这位经理拒绝了他是时候辞职的建议。
③He rejected the idea of settling in Germany and returned to China.
他放弃了在德国定居的念头，回到中国。4．reject(2)vt.拒收；不录用；拒绝接纳
①The appeal was rejected by the court.
上诉被法院驳回了。
②The football coach rejected him for the team.
该足球教练拒绝接收他加入团队。
reject，refuse，decline单句语法填空
①They refuse __________ (help)her when she was in trouble.
解析：句意：当她陷入困境的时候他们拒绝帮助她。refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”，是固定用法。
②His application _______________ (reject)by the university last month.
解析：句意：上个月他的申请被那所大学拒绝了。reject和his application之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；由时间状语last month可知，应填was rejected。to help was rejected
补全句子
③我的一个最有能力的学生被那所大学拒绝了。
One of my most able students _______________ by the university.
④我拒绝去那里。
I ______________ there.was rejected refuse to go ①He is very strict with his students.
他对学生很严格。
②Our manager is very strict with us.
我们的经理对我们要求很严格。重 点 短 语1．be strict with...对……严格的be strict in/about (doing) sth.对(做)某事严格
strictly speaking严格地说①The scientist is very strict about things like scientific research.
这位科学家对科学研究之类的事要求非常严格。
②Strictly speaking，spiders are not insects.
严格地说，蜘蛛不是昆虫。单句语法填空
①My father，who is strict _________ his work，is quite strict ________ me as well.
② ____________ (strict)speaking，you can’t draw a conclusion without enough evidence.
补全句子
③I think you ____________________ your children.
我认为你对你的孩子要求太严了。
④We ____________________ our work.
我们应该在工作中严格要求(自己)。about with Strictly are too strict with should be strict in (1)促使，促成
①We firmly believe that war never settles anything.It only leads to violence.
我们坚信战争永远解决不了问题。它只会导致暴力。
②The discovery of new evidence led to the robber being caught.
新的证据的发现促使这个抢劫犯被抓。
(2)(道路)通向；通往
All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马。2．lead to(3)(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.
这清楚地表明，虽然可爱可以带来健康的调整，但高地位对我们的影响正好相反。
(4)把……带到(或引到)
The boy led the blind man to the opposite side of the road.
男孩把那个盲人带到了马路对面。lead sb.to do sth.使得某人做某事；引导某人做某事
lead up to sth.是……的先导；是导致……的原因
lead (sb./sth.) in sth.(在某活动或领域中)领先
result in导致，造成
result from由……造成；因……而发生
bring about导致，造成单句语法填空
①What he did in the exam led to ___________________ (fail)again.
解析：句意：他在考试中所做的事导致了再次失败。lead to中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语。
②It’s up to you __________ (lead)us through the difficulties.
解析：句意：就靠你来带领我们渡过难关了。It’s up to sb.to do sth.“由某人决定做某事”，为固定用法。
③What led you _____________ (believe)what he said?
解析：句意：是什么让你相信他所说的话？lead sb.to do sth.“使某人做某事”，是固定用法。failing/failure to lead to believe
补全句子
④他带领他的队伍取得胜利。
He led his team _____________.
⑤是什么让他卖掉他的书的？
What led him __________________ ?
to victory to sell his books (1)有道理；有意义；讲得通
I don’t think what he said makes any sense.
我认为他的话没有意义。
(2)是明智的；是合情理的
It makes good sense to grow fruit trees on the hillside.
在山坡上种果树是明智的。
(3)表述清楚；易于理解；道理明显
John wasn’t making much sense on the phone.
约翰在电话里说得不大清楚。3．make sense(1)make sense of sth.理解；弄懂(不易理解的事物)
Can you make sense of this poem?
你能明白这首诗的含义吗？
(2)bring sb.to one’s senses使某人醒悟过来
Only failure can bring her to her senses.
只有失败才能使她醒悟过来。
(3)come to one’s senses恢复理性；苏醒
He waited for Dora to come to her senses and return.
他盼着多拉冷静下来后回来。(4)in a sense在某种意义上说
in many senses在许多情况下
①In a sense (＝in one way) it doesn’t matter any more.
在某种意义上说，这事已无关紧要了。
②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market.
中国不再是另一个市场，从许多方面来说，中国已经成为市场。
(5)in no sense决不
In no sense can you do it.
你决不能做此事。单句语法填空
①It makes ______ sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good as that one.
②There is no sense in ___________ (argue)with her.
单句改错
③She told me that she didn’t make any sense what the teacher said.
_______________ no arguing sense后加of 本句是一个由only修饰状语从句且放在句首引起的倒装句。
“only＋状语/状语从句”置于句首引起的部分倒装
“only＋状语(从句)”置于句首时句子要使用部分倒装结构，即把句子谓语中的助动词、情态动词或be动词放在主语之前。1．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在那里，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。难 点 解 析①Only in this way can you work out the problem.
只有这样，你才能算出这道题来。
②Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the classroom during class.
在上课期间，学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。
③Only after you get the entrance permission can you enter the building.
你只有在得到进入许可之后才能进入这栋大楼。④(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore,74 percent，according to statistics from the report.
一半以上(53%)单独吃早餐，近一半(46%)自己吃午餐。根据报告中的统计数据，只有在晚餐的时候，我们才一起吃饭，占74%。
温馨提示：如果only修饰的不是状语，即使放在句首，句子也不用倒装结构。
Only she can do it well，for she is more experienced.
只有她才能把它做好，因为她更有经验。if only，only if
(1)if only“但愿……，要是……就好了”，常引导含虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句。
(2)only if “只要……”，only if本身是一个固定词组。only是副词，用来修饰整个if从句。若用于句首，后接从句，主句要部分倒装。
①If only I had gone by taxi.
我要是乘出租车去就好了。②(2019·天津卷)However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我)，whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.
然而，只有在我们对大于我们自己的小自我做出承诺时，我们才能实现意义，无论是被爱的人，人类的同胞，工作的人，还是道德观念的人。
单句语法填空
①Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _______ the patients be treated properly in this hospital.
②Only after Mary read her composition the second time _______ she notice the spelling mistake.
③Only when I read the story for a second time _______ I begin to appreciate its beauty.can did did 选词填空(only if，if only)
④ __________ I hadn’t told Jack the bad news!
⑤ __________ he would like to help us can we have the chance to win.If only Only if 此句为简单句，其中“with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth”为with复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。2．He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
他把固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心，别的行星围绕太阳转动，只有月亮仍然围绕地球转动。
①The Yangtze River is very busy with so many boats and ships coming and going every day.
每天长江上都有非常多的船只来来往往，格外忙碌。
②The boy was crying with the toy broken.
由于玩具坏了，那个男孩一直在哭。
③With the dictionary to help him，he tried to finish reading the storybook.
借助字典，他尽力把这本故事书读完了。
④He fell asleep with his head on arms.
他头枕着胳膊睡着了。
⑤She went shopping with her door open.
她没有关门就去购物了。单句语法填空
①The children came towards us ________ some flowers in their hands.
②With my mother _________ (be)ill，so I won’t be able to go on holiday.
③(2019·江苏卷)China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries _______________ (recognize)its role in international affairs.
解析：考查with的复合结构。句意：随着越来越多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用，中国的形象正在稳步改善。recognize与country 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词 recognizing。with being recognizing 用with复合结构完成句子
④打扫完房间，我上床睡觉了。
________ the room ___________，I went to bed.
⑤他们在开着窗子工作。
They are working ________ the windows ________.With cleaned with open 写 作 探 究一．写作内容
1．age，sex，birth-place，background(概况)
2．appearance，character(外表、性格)
3．education(教育背景)
4．big events in his or her life(in order of time)(经历、生平)
5．evaluation(评价)人物类写作指导
二、写作技巧
1．介绍概况：同位语结构、分词结构，使文章简洁。
(1)Ye Shiwen，a world champion in swimming (一位游泳世界冠军)，is a girl of 17 from Zhejiang.(同位语)
(2)Born in Maryland，USA in 1985 (他1985年出生于美国马里兰州)，Michael Phelps is a famous swimmer.(分词短语)
2．描写外貌：巧用with短语。
My history teacher is a beautiful woman，with long hair and big eyes (她长着两只大眼睛，留着长发)．
3．生平事迹：尽量用复合句、并列句、非谓语动词短语和倒装等高级语句。
(1)In his life，he got many honours，one of which is the 2017 CCTV Moving China Award (其中包括获得“2017感动中国年度人物”的称号)．(定语从句)
(2)In 2017，having broken the world record and got the gold medal (在他打破世界纪录并获得金牌之后)，he became the idol of the youth.(分词短语)
(3)Not only does he show interest in science (他不但对科学极有兴趣)，but also he has a gift for music.(倒装句式)
4．评价：尽量运用短语。
Zhang Lili set an good example to us (给我们树立了一个良好的榜样)，so all the people show great respect to her (很敬重她)．实战演练
请以Madame Curie为题，写一篇100词左右的英语短文。要点如下：
1．Madame Curie(1867～1934)是世界上著名的女科学家。
2．她出生在波兰的一个教师家庭，从小就爱学习，并希望成为女科学家，16岁中学毕业，24岁赴巴黎就读于巴黎大学，生活俭朴，学习刻苦。
3．她一生致力于科学研究，于1903年和1911年分别获得诺贝尔物理学奖和诺贝尔化学奖。
4．居里夫人作为一名伟大的女性将永远为人们所怀念。
参考词汇：波兰Poland 诺贝尔物理奖the Nobel Prize for Physics 诺贝尔化学奖the Nobel Prize for Chemistry
参考范文：
Madame Curie
Madame Curie(1867—1934)was a famous woman scientist.
She was born in a teacher’s family in Poland.From her early childhood，she loved to study and hoped to become a scientist.She finished middle school at the age of 16.At 24 she left for Paris and entered Paris University.She lived a very simple life and studied very hard.
Madame Curie devoted her whole life to the study of science.She won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 and for Chemistry in 1911.
It is not easy for a woman to succeed in her work.It is even more difficult for a woman to win the Nobel Prize twice.So Madame Curie will always be remembered as a great woman.巩 固 提 升课 时 作 业课件18张PPT。Unit 1 Great Scientists 学习目标展示背景知识链接Inventor，physicist，surveyor，astronomer，biologist，artist...Robert Hooke was all these and more.Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the seventeenth century.Once he worked with renowned men of science like Christian Huygens，Antony van Leeuwenhoek，Robert Boyle, Isaac Newton and the great architect，Christopher Wren.
Hooke’s early education began at home，under the guidance of his father.He entered Westminster School at the age of thirteen，and from there he went to Oxford，where he came in contact with some of the best scientists in England.Hooke impressed them with his skill at designing experiments and devising instruments.In 1662，at the age of twenty-eight，he was named Curator of Experiments of the newly formed Royal Society of London.Hooke accepted the job，even though he knew that it had no money to pay him!
Watching living things through the microscope was one of his favorite occupations. He devised a compound microscope for this purpose.One day while observing a cork(软木) under a microscope，he saw honeycomb—like structures.They were cells—the smallest units of life.In fact，it was Hooke who coined the term “cell” as the boxlike cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a monastery (修道院)．
Perhaps because of his varied interests，Hooke often left experiments unfinished. Others took up where he left off and then claimed sole (独占的) credit.This sometimes led to quarrels with colleagues. One work that he finished was his book MICROGRAPHIA，a volume that reveals the immense potential of the microscope. The book also includes，among other things，ideas on gravity and light which may have helped scientists like Newton while they were developing their own theories on these phenomena.
Hooke made valuable contributions to astronomy，too.A crater (陨石坑) on the moon is named after him in appreciation of his services to this branch of science.
文章大意：本文主要介绍了Robert Hooke的生平。
1．From the first paragraph，we can know that Robert Hooke _____.
A．was famous because he worked with many scientists
B．liked making friends with the famous people
C．received a lot from other scientists
D．made contributions to many different fields
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句话可知，胡克在很多领域都有所建树。
D 2．Robert Hooke made himself known to some of the best scientists in England by _____.
A．learning by himself with his father’s help
B．introducing himself to them
C．designing experiments and instruments
D．refusing any reward from Royal Society of London
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Hooke impressed them with his skill at designing experiments and devising instruments.”可知，他所设计的实验和发明的仪器给科学家留下了深刻的印象，和C项的意思吻合。C 3．Robert Hooke couldn’t get along well with his colleagues because _____.
A．he couldn’t finish his work on time sometimes
B．he had all kinds of interests in his daily life
C．he was too proud to look up to them
D．the other scientists took the fruits of his experiments
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段前三句“Perhaps because of his varied interests，Hooke often left experiments unfinished.Others took up where he left off and then claimed sole(独占的)credit.This sometimes led to quarrels with colleagues.”可知，他和其他人争吵的原因是别的科学家独占了他的研究成果。D 4．Which of the following about the book MICROGRAPHIA is TRUE？ _____
A．It has been used in many fields.
B．Its ideas on gravity and light might have been helpful for Newton.
C．Newton realized the importance of it.
D．Hooke thought highly of Newton’s scientific theory in it.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The book also includes，among other things，ideas on gravity and light which may have helped scientists like Newton while they were developing their own theories on these phenomena.”可知，书中关于重力和光的理论对牛顿或许起了很大的帮助作用。B
