2020年中考英语一轮复习话题复习：科普知识与现代技术练习（含答案）

科普知识与现代技术

一、完形填空
热点——屠呦呦获共和国勋章
Chinese famous scientist Tu Youyou is the winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize for the discovery of artemisinin(青蒿素), a group of drugs used to fight against and treat malaria. 1 she has been nominated for China’s Medal of the Republic. A selection of candidates for the national medal and honorary title will be held for the first time in 2 of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
Tu, born in 1930, has been determining to 3 medical research since she was young. He worked hard day and night with an aim to 4 a cure for malaria and saved the lives of millions. She is also the first Chinese woman to 5 the Nobel Prize.
The Medal of the Republic is the country’s highest honor for great and 6 figures. They are praised because of their great contributions to the construction and the 7 of the PRC.
Together with Tu, seven other role models, including Yuan Longping, Chinese agricultural expert who is also 8 the “father of hybrid rice，” are nominated for the Medal of the Republic as well.
The national medal is usually awarded once every five years on major occasions of the PRC anniversary 9 so is the national honorary title. This year marks the first time that both the national medal and honorary title are given 10 such a large number of people. And a grand award ceremony will be held prior to the National Day which falls on October 1.
1. A. Nearly B. Firstly C. Hardly D. Recently
2. A. case B. honor C. need D. front
3. A. work on B. look for C. put off D. give up
4. A. get out B. pick out C. find out D. take out
5. A. remember B. study C. win D. lose
6. A. outstanding B. interesting C. moving D. boring
7. A. attention B. invitation C. pollution D. development
8. A. talked B. called C. said D. told
9. A. and B. but C. or　 D. for
10. A. about B. on C. to D. at
二、阅读理解
A
Inventions usually make a big difference to people’s lives. Do you have any great inventions at home? Do they help you a lot in your life or bring you much fun? Here are some of the most useful inventions in families according to a survey.

The most helpful and creative invention for kids is the reading pen. With the specially?designed pen, kids find it convenient and fun to learn. Little kids can learn a lot including story?telling, poems and music. They start learning by touching the contents in the books with the pen. This way kids can learn by themselves. They are also great helpers for primary school students after school.
Mopping robots(扫地机器人) are popular with people who are too busy to do housework. They are more popular with office ladies. They can help people clean dirt, dust and hair easily. With the help of them, people don’t need to spend much time on housework. They can enjoy a more relaxing life after work.
As for old people, an electric foot basin(电动洗脚盆) is the best invention. It’s a good choice to buy one for your grandparents. It can help keep their blood pressure normal and improve blood circulation(循环). The special basin can keep the water warm. So washing feet with it will help old people become healthier and more relaxed.

1. It is ________ for kids to learn with the reading pen.
A. boring B. convenient C. difficult D. common
2. The three useful inventions are mainly used ________．
A. at school B. in the office C. at home D. in the library
3. Mopping robots are more popular with ________．
A. kids B. office ladies C. old people D. young people
4. Old people can keep their blood pressure normal by ________．
A. using the electric foot basin B. listening to music with the reading pen
C. enjoying the mopping machine working D. keeping exercise every day
5. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?
A. The water won’t get cold when the electric foot basin is used.
B. It’s dangerous for kids to use the reading pen alone.
C. Mopping robots can help people forget their busy life.
D. These three inventions are widely used in our daily life.
B
Artificial intelligence is set to benefit mankind in many ways. It will make everyday tasks easier and bring efficiency to many industries. It might be one of man’s greatest inventions.
And yet, like any other technology, AI will also bring risks. In February 2018, a group of AI experts got together to discuss the possible disadvantages of AI. What they found was that “Every AI developed by the good guys is also helpful for the bad guys, too.” according to Quartz.
Their biggest worry was that the bad guys could use AI for bad things. One of the areas they looked at was the use of AI to create websites that could be used to steal people’s personal information. Another possibility is that AI programs could be used to hack software and break into computer secure systems(电脑安全系统)．
There are some other worries as well. It is possible that AI could be used to create fake imagines and videos. Baidu, in fact, has developed a program called Deep Voice that can “clone(克隆)” anyone’s voice by studying a 3.7?second audio sample(音频样本)．
Many leading people have expressed worries about AI. People like Bill Gates and Elon Musk have called for the industry to be more strictly controlled, as there are few laws right now on the use of AI.
However, this is set to change. In March 2018, the European Union plans to set up a group that will discuss the moral and ethical(伦理道德的) dangers of AI, which will help to keep it safe for mankind.
1. ________ might be one of man’s greatest inventions according to the passage.
A. Many industries　　　　　　 B. Artificial intelligence
C. Baidu　　　　　　　　　　　 D. Clone tech
2. The underlined word“hack” in Paragraph 3 means ________ in Chinese.
A. 保护　　　　　　　 B. 对比　　　　　 C. 入侵　　　　　 D. 学习
3. The program Deep Voice can be used for________．
A. protecting computer secure systems B. stealing people’s personal information
C. controlling all the industry D. cloning people’s voice
4. ________ have called for the AI industry to be more strictly controlled.
A. Bill Gates and Elon Musk　　　　　 B. The European Union
C. A group of AI experts　　　　　　 D. All of the mankind
5. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. The benefits of artificial intelligence. B. How to use artificial intelligence.
C. People’s worries about artificial intelligence. D. The future of artificial intelligence.
三、短文填空
What will happen if a family is without the Internet for a month? One American family decides to find out. They have sent an invitation to a leading US television station, expecting that it will send a film group to record their day?to?day life without 1. ________ for a month.
When the film group meet 2. ________ Smiths, they find that Mr.Smith, Mrs.Smith and their two sons are so crazy about technology that 3. ________ hardly do things together. At mealtimes, no one sits at the dining table for their food. “Everyone just runs into the kitchen, takes their food and then goes back to their 4. ________，” Mrs. Smith explains. “5. ________ we don’t make a change, our family will become strangers to each other！”
Getting back to the normal life without the Internet is not 6. ________， especially when the Smiths lose themselves in it. They have to make many 7. ________. For example, the two brothers have to go to the school 8. ________ to borrow books for their scientific projects, and Mr. and Mrs. Smith need to go out shopping because they cannot buy things 9. ________. As the family have picked up the new lifestyle, they find that they can spend more time talking over meals, playing sports and doing all 10. ________ of activities together.
Would they be able to go for long without using the Internet after the challenge?
四、读写综合
A. 回答问题
根据短文内容回答问题。
Indian scientists have designed a new device (设备) that they hope will settle one of the biggest problems with the use of solar energy. They call the device a solar tree. Solar trees have metal “branches” extending from a tall pole at different levels. Each branch holds a solar panel (太阳能电池板). These panels have flat surfaces that collect energy from the sun and turn it into electricity.
Daljit Singh Bedi is the chief scientist at the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research in India. Bedi says the shape of the solar trees makes it possible to fit more solar panels in a space than traditional systems do. This means less land would be needed to produce solar energy. “It takes about four square metres of space to produce energy which otherwise would have required 400 square meters of space，” he says.
Scientists believe the energy a solar tree collects will be enough to power five homes. The solar tree will make it easier to provide solar energy for homes in cities. The trees will also take less space from farmers in rural areas. Bedi says solar trees will collect more energy than normal solar panels on the tops of buildings. “This design makes the solar panels exposed more towards the sun，” he says. “And that way people are able to use 10 to 15 percent more energy.”
India has promised to reduce its rate of greenhouse gas production. The country’s promise depends heavily on increasing solar energy. The cost of solar panels has gone down in recent years. This has increased the possibility of applying solar trees in India.
Amit Kumar is the senior director of the Energy and Resources Institute in New Delhi. He says gaining access to land takes time and increases costs. He adds that it is still not clear how useful these new developments in solar power technology are. “Only when we put those trees on a large scale (规模) will we be able to get that answer，” he says.
1. What’s the newly invention from Indian scientists?
________________________________________________________________
2. What’s use of this invention?
________________________________________________________________
3. Who says the shape of the solar trees makes it possible to fit more solar panels in a space?
________________________________________________________________
4. How many homes can a solar tree support?
________________________________________________________________
5. What has India promised to do from the paragraph 4?
________________________________________________________________
B．书面表达
科技让生活更美好。各种各样的发明给我们的工作和生活带来了很多的便利，最近，用手机APP买菜的人多了，手机菜场菜品丰富、洗净配好、预约送菜上门……外国朋友对此也很感兴趣。假如你是李华，请你以“A New Use of the Mobile Phone”为题，根据所给提示和要求，写一篇短文。
内容提示：
1. 手机买菜的一些优点；
2. 与传统买菜相比凸显的一些优势。
作文要求：
1. 不得照抄原文，不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称、老师和同学的真实名字；
2. 语句连贯，词数80个词左右。作文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
A New Use of the Mobile Phone
Preparing for meals is tiring. You may have to spend hours getting everything ready for cooking.
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参考答案
话题十五　通信；科普知识与现代技术
一、1. D　2. B　3. A　4. C　5. C　6. A　7. D　8. B 9. A　10. C
二、A　1. B　2. C　3. B　4. A　5. A
B　1. B　2. C　3. D　4. A　5. C
三、1. technology　2. the　3. they　4. screens　5. If　6. easy　7. changes　8. library　9. online　10. kinds
四、A　1. A solar tree.　2. Collect energy from the sun.
3. Bedi.　4. Five/5.　5. Reduce its rate of greenhouse gas production.
B 【高分范文】
A New use of the Mobile Phone
Preparing for meals is tiring. You may have to spend hours getting everything ready for cooking. Now in China, new mobile apps are here to help.
These apps provide you with meat, fish, and vegetables, almost everything you need for a meal. You can order whenever you like and decide on the time for them to arrive. If you like, they can be washed, cut and packed for a certain dish. Some apps even guide you to cook step by step, making cooking easier.
Compared with the traditional way of going to the market, mobile apps save your time and energy. With such a new use of the mobile phone, you can enjoy a more relaxing life.